#sunie answers

[sunieepo]

This is Eman a Biotechnologist from Gaza. Asking for help is not easy. It's not easy at all. You have no idea how mentally and emotionally tiring this is. But when thinking that the price is my family's life, getting out of here safely and achieve my doctoral degree dream, it just pushes me more and more to do this until we reach our goal. I'm here as I try to reach out to more people asking for their help to support our family's campaign so we can survive while all you have to do is literally donating even by just the price of your morning coffee or maybe a simple breakfast, So I think I'm not asking for so much. We're really tired of living under these catastrophic conditions for a whole 10 months. Your generosity will not only change our lives but also remind us that even in our darkest hour, we are not alone. https://gofund.me/d597b8e2

Hi there, Eman. I'm a biotechnologist just like you. I looked up your work and saw your research on identifying genetic risk factors for ischemic heart disease and celiac disease. That's really admirable work, and I hope you can one day achieve your dream of studying for your PhD in Malaysia. For now, I've donated what I can to try and keep you and your family safe.

Clickable URL to the page: https://gofund.me/d597b8e2

Note for my followers that I have checked this blog and can confirm this fundraiser is vetted.

[campbyler]

hello! im a big acswy fan! this is not a question, i just wanted to thank you guys for making acswy mike wheeler be a one direction stan, a glasses-wearer, a book annotation enthusiast and a pin collector. representation matters and i am being represented!!!!!! he is me!! i am him!! we are one!!!! super excited for what's to come (this isn't pressure in any way shape or form, just thought i'd let y'all know im looking forward to the rest of our camp whiteman journey!!) 💙💛

you know, i was actually just talking to someone about this the other day but i think it’s so interesting that we gave both mike and will glasses in this fic (astigmatism4astigmatism so true to me) but we get so many more comments about people loving mike with glasses than we do will! i do know some aspects of mike’s characterization are more intertwined with the plot/more written in than will’s are (the zeldaisms, annotations, etc) but i can probably count on one hand the comments we’ve gotten about glasses wearer will LOL. maybe i should conduct an official study or something? i feel like that could be interesting data to collect. ANYWAYS, just thinking aloud there for a mo bc it reminded me and i have a hard time shutting up but THANK YOUUU and you are so welcome!! i think we have adequately represented ourselves in our mike and will and pretty equally as well (and also very bravely refrained from projecting when it wouldn’t feel right. even when we Reallyyyyy wanted to 😔) not to delve too much into the details of Everything but book annotator mike specifically is such a real and true hc to me!! i think his copies would just be so well loved and dog eared and scribbled in, except for maybe some special editions or gifts, etc. i just see him as someone who really enjoys and appreciates his things but without feeling the need to keep them perfectly preserved or pristine. and — this is very important, i don’t think it has officially come up here before —the lore behind the 1D part of his characterization is that mike is a happy victim of Guy With An Older Sister Syndrome and was exposed to their full discography when nancy was into them during their peak. i think the combination of the music being catchy and fun and all around good and enjoyable + the nostalgia of rare sibling bonding time would have really made it stick for him! (<- spoken as someone who spent years holding her younger sister hostage in the car and playing music for her. can guarantee it works)

[chainsxww]

REI REI REI!!! I WANNA KNOW IF YOU HAVE ANY HEADCANONS FOR KENJI X CONSTANCE!! :33

OF COURSE!!!

1. Constance is the only woman Kenji feels secure with.

2. Kenji is lowkey bad at hunting so Constance is the one that brings food.

3. Constance constantly has to repair things that Kenji has broken - including Kenji himself. (Lmao)

4. Kenji asks Constance the most unanswerable questions.

(I just woke up so i don't have many ideas😔)

[nikist-4-n]

Send this heart 💖 to the blog you love the most !! Also, send a bow 🎀 to let them know how grateful you are for them to exist <3

Awww tysm suni ♡♡

[bigtreefest]

essie will u explain forms in gymnasticsss? like what's classic form etc?

Brandy! I will gladly do my best to explain this. I know I have a tendency to talk like people understand what I’m saying when it comes to gymnastics. As my sister likes to say “not everyone watched every elite competition since ‘96, Essie. You can’t spill encyclopedic knowledge and expect them to understand.” Oops, she’s right. Anywayyyyy. I’m going to answer this in the context of bars, because I think that’s the event it’s easiest to differentiate on. You know it when you see it.

Form in gymnastics is essentially how you perform skills. It’s technically execution, but it can also be technique. Execution is things like, are your legs straight? Are your toes pointed? Do you finish your pirouette skills in a handstand on top of the bar like you’re supposed to, or in the downswing which causes a deduction?

Technique is the method in which a skill is performed. There are a few different ways you can go about learning and doing a skill so that you actually make it. That might be the position you release the bar in a release skill, how hard you swing into it, how you connect it to others. It’s how the skill looks. It’s your handstand position, is your body hollow (correct) or arched? Is your head tucked in between your arms like it’s supposed to be? The littlest things like that make the biggest difference.

There’s a concept in gymnastics of ‘international lines.’ ‘Lines’ are just the appearance of your body during skills. The way your legs extend and your body is stretched. It’s a bit of an outdated thought process that the sport is stepping away from, but there’s a classic shape that is seen to be particularly successful on bars. It’s a graceful body that has fluid movements, swinging instead of muscle-ing your way through skills. Usually marked by long legs and flexibility instead of body muscles and power.

Kaylia Nemour shows this sort of rare form that I haven’t seen in a long time. (What I mean when I say classic form- reminiscent of an earlier time in gymnastics. A very particular style) Not only is she doing difficult skills, but she’s executing them well. She makes them look good, but not necessarily easy. She’s aggressive, but not forcing the fluid motions. She’s swinging the skills, but not losing control. There’s a certain essence to a routine like that you very rarely see, but it was commonplace before 2012. Some of it might be speed, but it takes a lot of strength and care to your performance to do this well. I think that’s all I’ve got to say, but I’m happy to answer follow-up questions. I’ll leave you with some videos so you can see what I’m talking about.

Kaylia Nemour (2024 gold medalist aka perfection):

Suni Lee (2024 bronze medalist, a representation of what modern bars has come to look like):

Courtney Kupets (2004, and example of what the best technique imo on bars used to look like):

[wayward-sherlock]

OMG WAYLI HAPPY BIRTHDAYYYYYY 🥳🥳🥳 thank you so much for your neverending kindness and positivity <33 your presence is an absolute treasure to the community and we are so lucky to have you!!!

SUNI THANK YOU !!! this is the kindest thing im. blown away. im so lucky to have you as a mutual and friend 🫂🫂🫂💗

[anasyabulbulbul]

Team for Solivan

– DOWN BOY!!! – A loud shout cut through the air, and Solivan instinctively squatted down, raising his hands as if the man in front of him was not a human but a coach with a whistle.

– ARF! - came out of his mouth before he realized what he was doing.

Sunatta froze, looking at him with a raised eyebrow. Her stern look mingled with slight bewilderment, and then triumph.– Uh-oh, so it works? – She stretched out, crossing her arms over her chest.

Solivan blinked, realizing the situation. He, a grown man, had just acted like a... dog? His face flushed red with embarrassment, but there was no retreat. – It's... an accident, – he muttered, standing up, but Sunatta didn't let him finish.

– An accident? Let's see. – She took a step forward, pointing a finger at him. – Get down!

Solivan swallowed. – I didn't...

– Get down, Solivan! – her voice sounded too confident.

His body betrayed him. Before his mind could command "disobey," his knees buckled again, and he collapsed to the ground.

– Shit... – he moaned, covering his face with his hands.

Sunatta burst out laughing. – I think I've found your secret mode!

– It's just a... childish habit! – He muttered, sitting up and frowning.

– Childish? – she interjected with obvious interest.

Solivan sighed, realizing there was no choice.– We had a big dog when we were kids. My father used to train it, and I used to follow its lead... So I got used to it.

Sunatta leaned toward him, her eyes sparkling with mischief. – So you've been a good boy?

He stared at her, blushing even more, but then he exhaled and grinned. – Only to you, Suny.

She froze for a second, clearly not expecting that answer, and then turned around abruptly. – That's enough! Forget it!

But Solivan was already smiling, watching her embarrassed back. He seemed to have a trump card now.

[alpaca-clouds]

Isaac's Religion: The Origins of Sufism

Okay, I promised some folks ( @xshingie among them) that I would use my time during Ramadan to write a couple of background essays on Isaac's philosophy and religion. Mainly because I realize that most of the people watching this show are from majority Christian places and barely ever have been taught anything about Islam, if not outright being fed misinformation about Islam, like "that is the religion of terrorists" and such.

So, let me start today with this: When Isaac meets the Captain in season 3, he gets offered alcohol and declines. The Captain asks: "Muslim?" To which Isaac answers: "Sufi."

I originally just wanted to explain Sufism, but as people rightfully pointed out: If you do not know anything about Islam, explaining Sufism will leave certain holes.

So. Let me start like this:

Islam 101

I am rather certain most people know at least one thing about Islam: It goes back to Muhammed, the prophet, Peace be upon him. Like Christianity and Judaism, Islam is an Abrahamitic religion. In fact, Muslims do believe that all the prophets known from the bible, including Jesus, were prophets. In fact, many Muslims will even agree that Jesus was a messiah (as in "a savior of a people"), just not with the idea that Jesus was the son of God.

As I said, the religion originated with Muhammed, who grew up as an orphan in Mecca, a city that originally was also following the Abrahamitic religions, but at this time - in the Gregorian calendar around the early 7th century - many people there had found their way back to older polytheistic religion (specifically mixing some of the Abrahamitic stuff with older religions), and because of this were committing many acts that Muhammed considered to be sinful.

In regret of this, he decided to go out into the desert - specifically into the cave of Hira, to meditate and pray. And it was there that he received his first vision from the archangel of Gabriel. He shared the vision that he received, and it would be only the first of several. As he started preaching, more and more people started to join his new religion - though as it goes with new religions this obviously made him quite a lot of enemies. Even more so, as this new religion mainly appealed to marginalized people, such as women, the poor, the disabled and slaves. As they were religiously persecuted in Mecca, they finally emigrated to Yathrib, which would eventually become Medina. There they properly founded their own religion.

Of course, as you might know - as some folks love to go on about this in the west - what followed was quite a lot of war. While Muhammed died in 632, his new religion spread throughout the Arab region, partly through war and conquest. You can absolutely argue about the value of this, but I will remind you, that neither Judaism, nor Christianity were different in that way, both using war and conquest to spread their religion.

I will not go into the details of this. I can absolutely go into the history of these things at another time, if people are interested in it, but I am more interested in the religion itself.

Under Muhammed, the Qur'an was only shared orally through the quite poetic form of it. But due to the politically instable time, which led to a lot of people who had the full text memorized being killed, it was quickly decided after the death of Muhammed to also write the text down. Though to this day it is considered to be rather normal among Muslims to memorize the text. (Note: The Qur'an is a lot shorter than either the bible or the thora, and is usually memorized in the poetical Arab form.)

Now, I realized that a lot folks do not really know of the main divide of Islam: The divide between Suni and Shia - a divide that is part of the political instability we see in the Arabic world today. And this divide started almost directly after Muhammed's death.

This conflict is not too different from the conflicts within Christianity. Mainly there is a conflict in who gets to interpret the Islam and lead the Muslims. While the Shia believed, that Muhammed named his successor in Ali ibn Abi Talib (who then later named his own successor and such), the Sunni believe, that there should be a council who will choose a calif, who then gets the ability to interpret the text and make declarations. There is obviously more to this and there are more small differences in how the religion is practiced, but again, that would go into too much detail.

It should be said, though, that most practicioners of the faith very much still follow the same general rules, so the five prayers of faith. These are (I am so free to just copy from Wikipedia): Shahada (profession of faith), Salat (prayers), Zakāt (giving of alms), Sawm (fasting, specifically during Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). What is and what isn't considered haram - so sinful - also is mainly the same, with just some minor differences.

However, while Sunni and Shia are the biggest groups underneath Islam, there are other factions. For one there is the Ibadi movement, that is the main form of Islam in Oman. And then there is Sufism. Which is of course what Isaac has been raised in.

So, what is Sufism?

The first thing you need to know about Sufism is that it is a topic of a lot of discussion among both scholars and actual researchers. While we somewhat know how it started - once again in the 7th century and not too long after Muhammed's death - other stuff is quite more argued about. While we fairly certain that it somewhat developed under Sunni Islam, it still is not quite part of it. In fact, a lot of the interpretations of Sufism are a lot closer to Shia Islam, than to Sunni Islam.

Sufism often gets described as Islamic mysticism a lot, which is kinda what it is. It is a more spiritual practice of Islam. While Sufi do absolutely observe the pillars of faith, they do generally differ from other interpretations of the religions through two aspects. Partly, in that they generally do empower more people to themselves interpret the Qur'an (though this also depends on the Sufi order, but this would once more go into too much detail), and the other is how they practice tazkiyah.

Translating tazkiyah is a bit hard. Technically it refers to pruning a plant to allow it to grow better, but in regards to human religious practice it is often translated as "self-purification". And if you think of Isaac's self-flagellation now, you are both right and wrong. Because, yes, this is probably why he does this - but technically it is not quite in line with typical Sufi teachings. Let me start this off a bit different.

Tazkiyah in Sufism has the goal of reaching ihsan ("beauty of the soul") and ultimately fitra. And understanding fitra is somewhat important to understand Isaac.

Fitra to Sufi is the original pure state of the soul. See, Sufi believe that the soul when it gets created by God is pure, but it just cannot go through life in this world without being stained, no matter how good you are trying to be. As a human you are faulty, and you will make mistakes and will get corrupted. The goal is to get as close to fitra during life, as it is possible for a mortal. (This is also a good moment to note, that while some people might disagree with this, there is a general believe in Islam, that hell is not permanent, but just a thing where a soul goes to do atonement, until it is pure once more. As God does want people to eventually return to His side.)

Generally Sufi also tend to be the part of Islam that often gets along best with other religions, as at least some Sufi believe that technically all religions on this world are the same - just that God showed himself in a way that people were able to understand in the context He appeared them to. But again, this goes a bit too far for this.

So, let's get back to tazkiyah. In Sufism this usually has seven specific aspects:

Repentance (tawbah)

Abstention (wara)

Asceticism (zuhd)

Poverty (faqr)

Patience (ṣabr)

Confidence (tawakkul)

Contentment (riḍā’)

Usually these are seen both as ideals, and as stages to go through to get to fitra. And if you look now at season 3 and 4 and go: "Ooooooh," then I will tell you: You are very welcome.

But let's get back to the entire self-flagellation issue. Because it is one of those things that a lot of people will have a lot of opinions on.

See, generally there are two very contrary thoughts in Islam, as there are in a lot of religions. One is that the body we have on this earth is what God has given us, and hence should be treated with respect. As such it should not be changed more than necessary, if at all. This can mean: No hair cuts. And in the extremes it can also mean, no surgery even if it means accepting death. The other train of thought is quite contrarian to that one: This body is just a temporal vehicle, that all in all actually keeps this soul down. As such it should be at least at times punished in some way basically to not let the vices of the body become vices of the soul.

Now, we know very little where exactly Isaac comes from. While Ade talked about Isaac coming from the south west just south of the Sahara. But we do not know what culture exactly he stemmed from. However, we can see that his culture if nothing else practices scarification. We can now argue whether the part that he does clearly shave his entire head is related to a cultural pracice or to him not knowing how to care for his hair - given he was taken young - but at least the scarification is most certainly a cultural pracice. So it is highly likely he was more of a practice that did disregard the body.

But yeah. This is basically the religious context from which Isaac was written. A context that was lost on quite a lot of folks, it seems.

[cyberghost-scout]

(Japanese High School AU, Alternate story)

At a certain house in a neighbourhood near 12 midnight, the door was pounding frantically.

(Again, I am sooo sorry that this came in sooo late. I hope this works. T^T)

Zelda jumped out of the bed as the knocks started. She grumbled as she noticed the lights turning on outside her room.

Suni was already up when the door knocked. She felt uneasy at first, but then she heard Fidel's heavy steps as the lights came back on. The man's hair was messy, and Taiping behind was a groggy Zelda.

All three stared briefly as the thud came and went... but the knocking persisted.

The young girl turned to the door, walking over before answering it.

[sunieepo]

Dear

I hope this message finds you well. I am reaching out to you with a heavy heart and a desperate plea for help. My family and I are facing an increasingly dire situation in Gaza, where the security conditions, lack of proper nutrition, and absence of basic life necessities have made it impossible to live safely.

I am striving to relocate eight members of my family to Egypt, where we can find the safety and stability that we desperately need. However, I have only been able to raise 11% of the necessary funds, leaving us far short of our goal.

The situation in Gaza worsens each day, and the urgency to secure my family's safety grows more critical with each passing moment. I humbly request your support in raising the needed funds as quickly as possible. Any contribution, no matter how small, will bring us closer to our goal and provide us with a glimmer of hope in these challenging times.

Please consider donating and sharing our story with others who may be able to help. Your kindness and generosity can make a life-saving difference for my family.

Thank you for taking the time to read my appeal. I am eternally grateful for your support.

https://www.gofundme.com/f/i-want-to-evacuate-my-family-from-the-gaza-strip?utm_medium=social&utm_source=whatsapp&utm_campaign=p_nacp+share-sheet

Sincerely,

Ahmed Abushammala

Clickable URL here: https://www.gofundme.com/f/i-want-to-evacuate-my-family-from-the-gaza-strip

Vetted on here: #161

[campbyler]

WHAT R U SORRY FOR OMG you are literally feeding us.

see this is actually how i feel but in the interest of not Coming Off as an asshole i do apologize (for nothing) teehee

[brynnterpretations]

Headcanon request for The Boys' favorite foods/meals?

The Boys' Favorite Foods/Meals ☻

Annie January (Starlight)

Steak de Burgo. It's a beef tenderloin either topped with or marinated in butter, garlic, and herbs, and is an intrinsically Iowan meal that started in her hometown, Des Moines, and reminds her of all the best things about home. She has really fond memories of going to the Dallas County Fair with her friends and mother and enjoying some with some Coca-Cola. The meal made everything feel OK and normal, and continues to do so for her now.

Billy Butcher

Pastrami sandwiches. Growing up halfway down from a kosher deli in the heavily Jewish community of London's East End, he and Lenny would often find comfort in spending late hours there eating sandwiches and matzoh ball soup when their father was in his worst moments. Still, he's mostly distanced himself from the memories that come with the dish; the guy just really likes pastrami sandwiches, and will devour even the biggest, meatiest thing of it in one minute tops. It's slightly concerning and always ends in acid reflux.

Frenchie

New York style pizza, specifically with marina, mozzarella, and basil. Unlike most of The Boys, Frenchie doesn't have many memories attached to it, but that's what he likes about it — it's entirely separate from his past life (to this day, the guy can't eat pelmeni because it reminds him of Little Nina). He knows all the best spots in town, and actually has several Yelp accounts dedicated to rating pizza. He has several because his usage of colorful language has gotten him banned.

Hughie Campbell

Grilled cheese and tomato soup. He's been eating it ever since he was a kid; it started with his mom making it, then his dad, and then him, so it's a huge comfort dish for him. While his go-to answer would, of course, be grilled cheese and tomato soup, Hughie also has a guilty pleasure for grilled cheese and Spaghetti-O's, which he has at least once a week. He's a big carb guy.

Kimiko Miyashiro

OK, bear with me: McDonald's cheeseburgers. As much as Frenchie expanded her palate (she's got a special fondness for margherita pizzas), she loves McDonald's cheeseburgers due to them being the first thing she ate once she left the Shining Light Liberation Army. Specifically, she likes a plain McDonald's cheeseburger with extra cheese dipped into a medium McFlurry. Do not judge. Our girl has been through enough.

Marvin T. Milk (Mother's Milk)

Pecan salad, typically with a sweet vinaigrette. It's very specific, but when M.M. was a broke SUNY student trying to stay healthy, he would fuck up a good chicken pecan salad from the nearby SuperFresh. You know how if you have too much of something, you get sick of it? M.M., a creature of habit, is not that type of guy. It's become a meme in the office to see how many times he comes in with a damn pecan salad (or a green chia smoothie, which almost won over the salad).

[radical-revolution]

In the ancient Indian Upanishads, the answer to the question “Who am I?” is “Tat tvam asi.” This succinct Sanskrit sentence means literally: “Thou art That,” or “You are Godhead.” It suggests that we are not namarupa—name and form (body/ego), but that our deepest identity is with a divine spark in our innermost being (Atman) that is ultimately identical with the supreme universal principle (Brahman). And Hinduism is not the only religion that has made this discovery. The revelation concerning the identity of the individual with the divine is the ultimate secret that lies at the mystical core of all great spiritual traditions. The name for this principle could thus be the Tao, Buddha, Cosmic Christ, Allah, Great Spirit, Sila, and many others.

— Stanislav Grof, Holotropic Breathwork (Suny Series in Transpersonal and Humanistic Psychology)

[dr-maxwell-hemaoncol]

PINNED!

ooc: hello! welcome to my house oc dr gavin maxwell's askblog!! underneath the read more will be basic information one would need to read to understand him better, plus a few visual references :p!

this acct is run by @worldrusher ! i follow and interact from there as well!!

note that i'm not a doctor or knowledgeable on medical things. i may get things wrong! correct me if i do!!

rules!!

- no crazy nsfw things. please. i may be 18, but i rather not talk about that stuff. sexual jokes are fine but nothing too extreme, please

- don't be an ass? or ableist or homophobic etc.. i don't want to deal with nonsense negativity on a silly askblog.

- if you want to pretend to be wilson (you'll see why under read more) that's okay, but only on anon. i won't be pushing this element of maxwell on any preexisting wilson askblogs either

tags!!

- # blood based inquiries: answering asks!

- # discussing life: non-ask rp posts!

- # turp speaks: mod posting!

that's all the basics! time for the real character info 😎 ⬇️

☆☆☆

while this may be a standalone oc blog, maxwell is actually involved in a house md oc universe that me and my bestie made. i don't intend to make him get involved with these askblog shenanigans, so i'll be breaking maxwell off of it for the purpose of this blog!!

basics!

dr gavin maxwell, md works at princeton plainsboro teaching hospital as a hematology oncologist (simply put, he's a blood cancer doc). he's 30-something years old and has been at the hospital for an unspecified amount of time (aka idk yet). he attended suny upstate medical university for his doctor things 👍!!

maxwell is scottish. he moved from scotland to new jersey in his teens and masks his accent heavily; you can only hear it if you listen close OR when hes displaying strong emotions of any time. many people are under the perception that he's american and he's perfectly okay with that. when he's especially frustrated or just alone in a room, he'll speak scots to himself. for funsies. i'm not going to attempt to translate things he says into scots because i don't speak it, plus it wouldn't make sense if he's not actually Ever talking to himself because all posts are public.

this is something no one but me cares about, but. he attended high school in the relatively same area as ppth. he was in band and marched tenor drums during marching season but was able to avoid concert band. 😁

the woke mob...

he is a trans man, gay, and uses exclusively he/him. he recieved top surgery after working at ppth for a while, and wilson helps him with tshots when at work (an arrangement made by him, wilson, and cuddy).

maxwell is autistic and has anxiety. (he's played by an autistic + anxious [?] mod, btw!) due to his autism (and probably anxiety too), he tends to be very direct, dull, and deadpan to people he does not know well, leading some people to believe he's just a dick. he has a resting pissed off face! when he's close to someone, though, he's much more comfortable showing his emotion externally and being more playful. he's taught himself how to mask to be more expressive and emotional around patients, though. he learned that the hard way...

romantical 💞

in our ocverse lore, he ends up in a relationship with wilson (hilson on the side with other oc thing; long story short polyamory is cool) after a long while of pining and house-induced angst. you know how he is. they are a healthy relationship, believe me; they're very sweet and domestic together! when maxwell is around wilson, he's beyond comfortable showing emotions and the like. i'm the #1 wilswell shipper. because of this, i welcome romantic asks towards maxwell via "wilson" on anon. i won't be attempting to interact romantically with any wilson accounts unless they say it's okay.

faceclaiming!

despite him being mid-30s, his face claim is young jared padalecki. think...giImore girIs. he technically obviously doesn't look THAT young, but he's also my default oc faceclaim. no i will not explain. he obviously dresses professionally (button up, tie, lab coat, slacks, dress shoes) but there's not going to be photos like that of young jarpad. so.

if you have any more questions about maxwell's lore, feel free to dm me or send asks! (psst, and if anyone's interested, fanart is greatly appreciated!)

[wayward-sherlock]

so sorry for showing up in your inbox unannounced but i need you to know that i read “me trick or treating tn (i was max) vs my brother (he was a cactus)” and just burst out laughing that is the funniest mental image to meeeeeeee ok that’s all hope you had so much fun tn!! 🫡

hi suni!! no worries, you’re always welcome in my ask box :) announced or unannounced 🫶

AJSNDKDK THAT IS SO FUNNY im sure we were quite a sight. girl [?] in an obviously niche costume, wearing 80s clothes, a walkman, and blood under her [?] eyes and a dude walking around looking like a cactus. i wish i could share the pics of us together bc our fits went so hard 😎 halloween is so silly and i love it so much.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Study provides a more nuanced understanding of black hole thermodynamics

A paper titled "Universality of the thermodynamics of a quantum-mechanically radiating black hole departing from thermality," published in Physics Letters B highlights the importance of considering black holes as dynamical systems, where variations in their geometry during radiation emissions are critical to accurately describing their thermodynamic behavior.

The study also suggests that extremely compact objects (ECOs) share these thermodynamic properties with black holes, regardless of their event horizon status. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to the ongoing efforts to resolve the black hole information paradox, providing a more nuanced understanding of black hole thermodynamics in quantum gravity contexts.

The research, conducted by Dr. Christian Corda, SUNY Poly Visiting Professor in the Department of Mathematics & Physics, and Dr. Carlo Cafaro (SUNY Poly Adjunct Professor in the Department of Mathematics & Physics and Associate Professor in the Department of Nanoscale Science & Engineering at the University at Albany), exploits elements of quantum physics, statistical mechanics, and general relativity.

One of the most important problems in contemporary theoretical physics is understanding what a black hole (BH) is. It is believed that classical general relativity implies that a BH is an object with a horizon, i.e. a limit surface beyond which no event can influence an external observer, and a singularity in its core, i.e. a point at which the presence of infinite implies that the laws of physics fail.

On the other hand, recent approaches, both classical and quantum, have shown that what we call BH could be an object without both horizons and singularities. Objects of this type are also called Extremely Compact Object (ECO), to distinguish them from the "traditional" concept of BH.

If, on the one hand, this approach solves some important problems, such as the removal of the singularity and the consequent restoration of physical laws, on the other it creates another: What do we do with all the BH thermodynamics, developed over the last 50 years and more years, starting from the pioneering and famous works of the late Bekenstein and Hawking, and based on an enormous number of research papers?

In 2023, Samir Mathur and Madhur Mehta gave an important answer to this question by winning the third prize in the Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition for proving the universality of BH thermodynamics.

Specifically, they demonstrated that any ECO must have the same BH thermodynamic properties regardless of whether the ECO possesses an event horizon.

The result is remarkable, but it was obtained under the approximation according to which the BH emission spectrum has an exact thermal character. In fact, strong arguments based on energy conservation and BH back reaction imply that the spectrum of the Hawking radiation cannot be exactly thermal.

In their work, Drs. Corda and Cafaro extended the result of Mathur and Mehta to the case where the radiation spectrum is not exactly thermal using the concept of BH dynamical state.

The BH dynamic state is obtained by introducing an effective temperature. This is in analogy to several other fields of Science where the deviation from the thermal spectrum of the emitting body is usually considered via the introduction of an effective temperature which represents the temperature of a black body emitting the same exact amount of radiation as the non-thermal source.

In the BH case, the introduction of the effective temperature allows the introduction of other effective quantities, which characterize its "dynamic state," i.e. the BH state "during" the quantum transition in which energy is emitted or absorbed. This paper therefore generalizes and completes the work of Mathur and Mehta.