#socio economic problems in india

[indian-school-of-public-policy]

Voice of ISPP | Insights from our current scholars | Shristy

In this video, we are thrilled to introduce you to Shristy Singh, our scholar from the Class of 2023. Join us as Shristy shares her inspiring journey and experiences at ISPP, along with her passion for development and policy.

Shristy is a driven individual with a profound interest in the world of public policy. With a strong foundation in the field, she brings valuable insights and a unique perspective to the table. Her previous professional experience at Tata Consultancy Services has equipped her with valuable skills and abilities that perfectly align with her interests

[world-of-wales]

The Indian PM is asking for votes in the upcoming election by saying that voters shouldn't support the opposition leaders coz they eat........Non-vegetarian food.......

This isn't him relating environment problems and veganism/vegetarianism, but rather him campaigning that in a secular country only his party is the best because they follow the moral and vegetarian majority religion. Which is funny in itself since, except for North India, the rest of the Hindus in other parts consume all kinds of non vegetarian food items.

And to most people outside India, this vegetarian vs non-veg debate might seem foolish, but here it is proving to be the main election agenda now. A lot of people may think oh he's advocating for being vegetarian, that's great. But unfortunately not in this case coz his party which is filled with upper caste Hindus mostly use this argument of food choices to demonize minority communities in the country, they deny protein to poor children in the meals provided to them by the state in public schools, their supporters go and harass & have in many cases k-worded innocent people in name of 'Cow protection', force butchers who come from low income backgrounds to shut down their stores making them unable to earn even the meagre ammount that they do etc etc. So veg/non-veg in the case of Indian elections rn is so much more than just a debate on dietary choices.

So, no talks of education, health, economy, jobs etc this election season but rather cheap and completely nonsense topics during campaigning. And I wish I could call it satire, but unfortunately this is what the so-called largest democracy has come to.

This issue is just the tip of the iceberg of all the things that need to be changed in this country to take it back to where it was before this train wreck that the past decade has been and to start rebuilding it brick by brick.

The reason I'm posting this today is that, I want to request anyone who's eligible to vote in India to PLEASE GO VOTE! exercise ur right. Don't let anyone tell you that your voice doesn't matter coz it does. And it's never been more essential for you to make use of Article 326 and cast your vote. It is ur fundamental right.

I don't think there could be a more appropriate time to ask you for this, as it is the 133rd birth anniversary of Dr. Ambedkar today, the father of the Constitution. The man who fought all his life to make sure everyone in his country had democratic fundamental rights. He gave you that Constitution that protects you and your interests and rights. The tip of his pen changed the world you live in today for the better. So please don't let that the sacrifices made by him or of all those in the Constituent Assembly, of all those who came before you go to waste. They gave this country their all, so you could have all the freedoms that you do today. They gave you a constitution based on liberty, equality, fraternity, secularism, socio-economic democracy etc to protect you, the citizens. And now, as these rights slowly get encroached upon, it is more important than ever before for you to assert these rights.

Go read the election manifestos of the parties and learn about the candidates fighting elections from ur constituency. Please make an informed choice. Don't go and vote for people on the basis of religion, caste, etc. Go and vote for that person who actually talks about the on ground issues you face, who has plans to make ur life, and the society you live in better. Who promises to give you the basic rights that you deserve, someone who promises not to infringe upon the fundamental rights as enshrined in the constitution, the one who talks about creating better employment, creating a robust health system, making sure every child in this country has access to quality education, someone who wants to create a safe space for women not just out in the world but also in the private sphere, someone who promises to work towards dealing with the problems of inflation & other economic problems you face, someone who wants to work towards dealing with the vast enomic disparities that exist across the board. Someone who wants to work towards providing safeguards for the most vulnerable people and communities, etc etc.

Go on the website of the election commission, check out the dates of vote casting in your area, mark that date, wake up that morning take ur voter id card and please go push a button on the machine at the particular booth you fall under.

Don't let people tell you that you are young, you don't know what you need, you shouldn't be jumping into political discourse, don't let them discourage you from exercising the most important right the constitution has given you. TRUST ME, YOU DO KNOW WHAT YOU NEED, POLITICS AFFECTS YOU TOO, THE GOVERNMENT POLICIES AFFECT YOU TOO, SO YOUR VOICE IS JUST AS IMPORTANT IN THESE UPCOMING ELECTIONS AS THAT OF THE OTHERS!

YOUR VOTE MATTERS. IT'S NEVER MATTERED MORE!

[literatureaesthetic]

the second sex ; simone de beauvoir | part one

‘the second sex’ is a treatise on female autonomy. widely regarded as the blueprint for the second wave of feminism, this 900-page body of theory remains one of the most influential texts for women all over the globe. its impact is infinite, and beauvoir’s theory is masterfully cogent. 

there’s a lot in here to reflect on and absorb. i’ve been tackling this absolute brick of a book by consuming 10 pages a day and allowing myself to really ruminate and sit with what beauvoir is putting out there. taking this book in small increments was definitely the way to go

simone de beauvoir begins by grappling with the question, ‘what is a woman?’ - an impossible question. woman is an ideal. a social reality and confinement the man constructs that pitches women in opposition to him as “the other”. womanhood is the condition in which a woman finds herself confirming a regulated hierarchy. however, beauvoir begins by answering this question through the biological. woman is a ‘womb, an ovary’. man reduces women to nature; they are mothers and reproductive catalysts. like the spider, she castrates and cannibalises; she consumes and eats men. beauvoir deconstructs the biological and the ways in which man has attributed inferiority to the natural biological difference between sexes.

biology, however, is not the foundation for womanhood. although it informs feminine existence, it isn’t the basis of gendered alterity and power disparity. beauvoir acknowledges biological subjugation while simultaneously stating that it is not reason enough for why women are the Other.

the question of ‘what is a woman?’ morphs into ‘what has humanity made of the human female?’ we must examine woman as a complete body, not in parts.

the concept of woman is examined from various schools of thought. from psychoanalysis - which is quickly proven insufficient due to freud’s misogynistic and male-oriented examination of sexual development, which is then generalised to women - to historical materialism and the role that economic value plays in female existence. beauvoir discusses engels - though classism is deeply connected to the disparity between sexes, it is not the origin of patriarchal oppression. female subordination pre-exists class divides. where the proletariat desires to erase class divisions, women do not want to be erased. we simply want to be registered in all forms. although the abolition of private property and class divisions is desirable, it will not ensure female liberation. and so, engels and marxism fail women.

this leads to a deconstruction of human history and the ways in which women were sacrificed on man’s journey for fulfilment and nourishment. as man went to hunt and build tools, women were frequently resigned to motherhood. as man conquer the world, women are left to watch from the sidelines. by dominating nature, man triumphs over woman. women become possessions like land. he is order and accomplishment; she is mystery and chaos.

as the socio-political landscape alters, the female condition continues to deteriorate. women face extreme abuse within the workforce, all for minuscule pay (and gender wage gaps DO still exist). this worsens with religion. simone de beauvoir delves into an array of theological beliefs - christianity, islam, and judaism being central focuses - and highlights the ways that each religion fails women. she also accounts for various cultural practises across the globe (from india to the mediterranean). this is very much a body of text that registers various different cultures and the nuances of each, respectively. i wish it reflected more on the nuances of non-white women’s existence within the western world, however. 

i’ll end today’s overview with the most impactful line from this section for me - ‘women’s entire history has been written by men’. the problem of women has always been the problem of men. ‘it is not women’s inferiority that has determined their historical insignificance: it is their historical insignificance that has doomed them to inferiority’.

with man lies the onus for female suffering.

[suvranil2]

"What books are you reading these days?!!" My friend screamed when I asked him to order this book on Amazon. Socio-economic inequity of women and Shah Rukh in one book - a bit far-fetched imagination, right?!! I first heard about this book from my friend Vishnupriya. Then Malayaja (one of my favorite TAs from my MSc days) strongly recommended it. As a trial, I read the first chapter. It just took 25 mins to decide to buy one copy.  This book is the stories of five women (from different socio-economic backgrounds) - a try to understand complex questions like gender relations, various economic phenomena, etc., from the viewpoint of a few very personal but everyday topics - women's love lives, their jobs, and desires. Anyway, I'm not going to give a summary of the book (because I suck at summarizing things!). I'll tell you about only one character - The Student. The Student, born with loads of generational wealth and a high-profile network, wants to prove herself as a 'serious public intellectual'. Her extraordinary and engaging conversation skills and knowledge about western culture and thinkers pave the way for that. (minimum in her small and elite social bubble.) She regularly attacks her friend for working in a bourgeois multinational company, fangirling Shah Rukh, etc. According to her, you can't appreciate Bergman after watching a Yash Raj Film. How ridiculous and self-contradictory! These people, obsessed with the idea of a classless society, are just making a social and cultural division and dictating to others how to behave; without even a single try to understand their backgrounds! In this context, I want to remember James Baldwin, who described this kind of double-faced intellectual activity as "a masturbatory delusion and a wicked and dangerous fraud." To The Student and her peers, thinking about any social problems is just a way to get social recognition, jugglery of fancy words, an escape route from reality and their consciousness. (1 / 2) ( Please read the second part in the comment section. ) (at Bangalore, India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CoUv7-NPMuYJrKwP2dGNC5uc6RiCbB4r4MyMFM0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

How Brazil’s Electoral System Helped Democracy Defeat Disinformation

“Brazil’s democracy was attacked, but it survived,” said Alexandre de Moraes, the president of Brazil’s Superior Electoral Court, or TSE, in New York on Monday. With the stakes set high and amid predictions of election-related violence, the Brazilian electoral system stood out remarkably for treating democracy with the urgency and care it deserves.

To grasp what other democracies around the world might learn from Brazil and its recent election, we need to understand not only the country’s information landscape, but also some broader, global trends.

Strategic lying and the spreading of unsubstantiated rumors are increasingly features of electoral democracies, rather than bugs. Fake news and the claims they propagate are now commonplace across both mainstream and social media, mainly because so many political forces benefit from even some voters believing them. While the problem tends to be worse in bigger democracies due to their socio-economic diversity—starting with India, the very biggest democracy—even smaller ones, like Sweden and Finland, have had brushes with online lies and rumors intended to sway electoral outcomes.

To combat disinformation, many organizations around the globe, including government agencies, media organizations and nonprofits, have emerged whose sole job is to fact-check claims made by candidates and their supporters during election campaigns. Yet, the corrections these organizations make to the public record tend to only reach people who are already committed to fact-based discourse and therefore less susceptible to disinformation.

In Brazil, the TSE is authorized not only to count the votes, but also to monitor and control the electoral information circulating within the country ahead of the ballot. Prior to the second-round election on Oct. 30, Moraes said that reports of misinformation submitted to the TSE this year had increased by 1,000 percent compared to the previous election in 2018.

Continue reading.

[buttercuparry]

I think in all my joy in witnessing a successful space mission undertaken by my country, India- I forgot to ask if this joy is available to all. On a tumblr post regarding chandrayaan, there had been a flippant comment by someone regarding what India is doing about lgbtq rights or women's rights or public healthcare ( it was slightly irritating- the tone of it all but, I don't think they meant bad ). While I am still of the opinion that it isn't really sincere to admonish people for expressing joy in their country's success regarding a space mission, that it helps no socio-economic cause in dismissing the hardwork of so many astrophysicists and other people, I am now on a personal level reflecting on whether my country isn't a touch more enthusiastic over certain STEM projects while not so much on others.

The comment on that post also said that this space mission is an exercise in show of power and of course, it is. One of the primary narratives that had been running in my mind in the giddiness of it all was how my country, which got colonized, did what no other country could do before ( land near the lunar south pole). So yes, it had the Politics, of "take that!" to the white west, a flex and a show power to her neighbours, because whatever else she is, India isn't humble and I have always felt there's a sense of competition going on. Also, I for a fact know that with the upcoming 2024 elections the current ruling party would try to spin ISRO's success in their favour. So of course everything in India comes down to politics.

In that vein, it is making me question at this moment if as a nation we are more concerned with keeping scores than we are of undoing the various knots over which we trip. Perhaps this is reflected in the projects undertaken by India. One of my former class mates had posted the following image when everyone of us were losing our minds over Chandrayaan:

I didn't make the connection then but now I am wondering: who is allowed the celebration? Two years or so ago I was watching a documentary on how caste still affects the lives in India and how still many people are bound in it in regards to the choices offered to them. We have yet to have a technology that can replace the manual cleaning of sewers and occupations such as these are still very much caste bound, forcefully so.

At that time I had heard of researchers trying to find out a way to solve this problem but I wonder would the funding of those projects be equivalent to what had been spared for space programs. In fact shouldn't projects like these have relatively more funding on principle, when we carry our caste with our name to this day and because it is a humane thing to do? Somehow the reality of answers that are coming up aren't really comforting.

I will always feel warm when I think about Chandrayaan3 and I don't think I will ever be able to bash my country for entering a space race. But yeah on a personal note perhaps this too will tingle in there.

[drsunildubeyclinic]

Best Sexolgoist Patna, Bihar for MI and DS Treatment | Dr. Sunil Dubey

Understand Dhat Syndrome and Male Infertility:

Many people ask if Dhat Syndrome is the cause of male infertility. It can affect sexual health and is responsible for poor health. Today’s session is based on culture bound syndrome and infertilty problem in men.

Dhat syndrome:

Dhat syndrome is a psychological condition that involves the perception of a lack of semen, and is not directly related to male infertility. It is characterised by a lack of semen as well as other symptoms such as weakness, lack of energy and concentration, and decreased sexual function. Other symptoms include fatigue, lethargy, loss of appetite, lack of physical strength, poor concentration, and forgetfulness. In case of Dhat Syndrome, the person reports that his semen is coming out through urine or while sleeping.

Causes of Dhat Syndrome:

World-renowned Ayurvedacharya Dr. Sunil Dubey, who is the best sexologist in Patna, says that there is no biological reason available in Western medicine. In Ayurveda, there is a cultural syndrome where semen is described as a "vital fluid". The release of semen through masturbation, intercourse or urine is a different process of ejaculation. He says it is a culture-based syndrome linked to cultural and religious beliefs that view semen as a precious bodily substance.

This culture-based syndrome is most common among young people from low to middle socio-economic backgrounds. It is said that most of the rural people report the problem of this Dhat syndrome, where there are conservative views about sexual activity.

Ayurvedic Treatment and Medication for Dhat Syndrome:

If you are experiencing symptoms of Dhat syndrome, you should consult an Ayurvedic sexologist doctor for personalized support, treatment and medication. Dr. Sunil Dubey treats these types of sexual patients under his comprehensive Ayurvedic treatment and medication. He provides Ayurvedic medicine, sexual education, sexual counseling, anti-anxiety therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and health guidance. In fact, Ayurvedic medicine helps relieve anxiety, depressed mood, while sexual counselling helps correct misconceptions.

Male Infertility:

Male infertility is a condition that occurs when a man is unable to get a woman pregnant even after having regular sexual activity for at least a year. There are many possible causes, including: physical problems, semen blockages, hormonal problems, genetic disorders, lifestyle factors, and other conditions. Dr. Sunil Dubey, the best sexologist in Bihar, says that mainly men are responsible for 20-30% of this infertility problem, the rest are other factors. Understand the factors that lead a person to male infertility.

Physical problems: Problems with the testicles, such as a varicocele (an enlarged vein in the testicle)

Obstructions: Blockages in the tubes that carry sperm

Hormonal problems: Hormone imbalances particularly testosterone

Genetic disorders: Genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis or Klinefelter syndrome

Lifestyle factors: Smoking, stress, nutrition, and exposure to toxic or heavy metals

Other conditions: A history of high fever or mumps, or conditions such as RE

Ayurvedic Treatment for Male Infertility:

If you want to improve your infertility problems under the natural system of medicine. Generally, male infertility is diagnosed through physical examination, semen analysis, blood tests, testicular biopsy, and ultrasound scan.

Make an appointmetn with Dubey Clinic:

Dubey Clinic is a leading Ayurveda and Sexology medical science clinic in India located at Langar Toli, Chauraha and Patna-04. It is also the first Ayurvedic clinic in Bihar which was founded in 1965 by the famous Indian Vaidya Dr. Subhash Dubey. It is a certified, quality-proven and reliable Ayurvedic clinic that stands on the trust of millions of people of India. Sexual patients from various places of India contact Dubey Clinic over phone to consult Dr. Sunil Dubey. He treats an average of 35 sexual patients (male and female) in this clinic every day, while more than a hundred people connect with Dubey Clinic over phone.

For More Info:

Dubey Clinic

A Certified Ayurveda and Sexology Clinic of India

Helpline Number: +91 98350 92586

Venue: Dubey Market, Langar Toli, Chauraha, Patna-04

[suganya09]

How to Use Government Schemes and Policies in Your IAS Answers

One of the crucial elements of IAS preparation is effectively integrating government schemes and policies into your answers, especially for the General Studies papers and the Mains examination. Whether it's answering questions related to social issues, economic development, or governance, referencing relevant schemes can significantly enhance the quality and depth of your response. Here’s how you can use government schemes and policies to your advantage during your IAS preparation.

1. Understand the Importance of Government Schemes and Policies

Government schemes and policies are not only important for their direct impact on the public but also as key elements of your IAS exam preparation. The UPSC exam often tests your ability to comprehend, analyze, and evaluate government initiatives aimed at solving national problems. These schemes help you demonstrate your knowledge about the government's actions, making your answers more relevant and comprehensive.

2. Keep Track of Current Schemes and Policies

To effectively use government schemes and policies in your answers, it’s essential to stay updated with current initiatives. The best way to do this is by regularly reading government reports, the Economic Survey, the Union Budget, and reliable news sources. Make a list of key schemes from different ministries and sectors, such as health, education, rural development, and finance, and understand their objectives, beneficiaries, and impact.

3. Incorporate Schemes to Strengthen Your Answers

When answering questions related to socio-economic issues, governance, or any relevant current affairs topic, cite specific schemes that address those issues. For example, if you are asked about poverty alleviation in India, mention schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) or Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). Similarly, if the question focuses on women’s empowerment, you can refer to schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao or Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.

Using government schemes and policies not only shows your knowledge of the subject but also helps you present practical solutions that are already being implemented at the ground level. This approach demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of both theoretical concepts and real-world applications.

4. Analyze the Effectiveness of Schemes

A critical element in using government schemes is to go beyond just listing them. UPSC values candidates who can critically analyze the effectiveness of policies. For instance, instead of merely mentioning the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), you can add a critical evaluation of how the scheme has contributed to improving rural healthcare, or highlight areas where it has faced challenges, such as lack of proper infrastructure or issues with implementation.

This level of analysis shows that you are not just memorizing facts but engaging with the policies on a deeper level, which is crucial for the Mains exam.

5. Link Government Schemes with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Many of India’s government schemes are aligned with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. By linking a government initiative to specific SDGs, you demonstrate a holistic understanding of the country's development agenda. For example, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ties into SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). This technique adds depth and global relevance to your answers.

Conclusion

To summarize, incorporating government schemes and policies into your IAS answers not only enriches your responses but also showcases your grasp on current affairs and developmental issues. Make sure to update yourself regularly on key government schemes, critically analyze their effectiveness, and connect them to broader national and international goals.

If you are looking to enhance your preparation for the TNPSC exams or seeking expert guidance, consider enrolling at a TNPSC coaching centre in Coimbatore. Professional coaching can provide you with structured learning, expert tips, and the right guidance to ace your exams and shape your career in the civil services.

[niranjanhiranandanioff]

India vs. Japan: Uncovering the Secrets of Success in Business Mindsets

In the global landscape of business, cultural nuances play a pivotal role in shaping entrepreneurial success. Two nations that exemplify distinct business mindsets are India and Japan. Understanding these differences not only enriches our global perspective but also provides valuable insights for businesses looking to thrive in diverse markets. Dr. Niranjan Hiranandani, a prominent Indian entrepreneur and thought leader, sheds light on these cultural dynamics and their implications for success.

The Indian Business Mindset

India's business environment is characterized by its dynamism and adaptability. The Indian mindset tends to embrace risk and innovation, fueled by a young, ambitious population that values entrepreneurship. In a country with a burgeoning start-up ecosystem, the focus is often on disruption and rapid growth. Indian entrepreneurs are known for their resilience, often viewing challenges as opportunities. This approach is deeply rooted in the country’s diverse culture, where adaptability is essential for navigating a complex socio-economic landscape.

Moreover, Indian businesses emphasize relationships and networking. The concept of "jugaad," which refers to a flexible, resourceful approach to problem-solving, epitomizes the Indian entrepreneurial spirit. This mindset allows businesses to thrive in uncertain conditions, fostering creativity and lateral thinking. Dr. Hiranandani highlights that this adaptability is a significant asset in a fast-changing global economy, where agility can lead to competitive advantages.

The Japanese Business Mindset

In contrast, Japan's business mindset is deeply rooted in tradition and long-term thinking. Japanese companies often prioritize harmony, consensus, and meticulous planning over rapid changes. The culture emphasizes respect for hierarchy and teamwork, which cultivates a stable work environment. This approach reflects the broader societal values of discipline, dedication, and loyalty, leading to strong organizational cohesion.

Quality control is another hallmark of Japanese business. The famous concept of “kaizen,” or continuous improvement, is embedded in the corporate culture, encouraging incremental changes that enhance efficiency and product quality. Dr. Hiranandani points out that this commitment to quality has helped Japanese companies maintain a competitive edge in industries such as automotive and electronics.

Bridging the Mindsets for Success

Both the Indian and Japanese mindsets offer unique strengths. Indian businesses excel in innovation and flexibility, while Japanese firms are synonymous with quality and stability. The interplay of these approaches can lead to remarkable outcomes, especially in collaborative ventures. For instance, Indian companies can leverage Japan’s expertise in quality management, while Japanese firms can benefit from India’s innovative prowess.

Dr. Hiranandani emphasizes the importance of cultural intelligence in today’s interconnected world. Businesses looking to operate in both markets must appreciate these differences and find ways to integrate them. This means fostering a workplace culture that respects traditional values while encouraging innovation and adaptability.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the business mindsets of India and Japan provide a fascinating study in contrasts. Each has its strengths that can contribute to global success. By understanding and respecting these cultural insights, entrepreneurs and business leaders can create synergies that enhance performance and drive growth. Dr. Niranjan Hiranandani’s insights remind us that in the quest for success, embracing diversity and cultivating an open-minded approach can unlock new avenues for collaboration and innovation.

[indian-school-of-public-policy]

In this captivating series, we bring you exclusive access to some of the most intriguing personalities in the industry who will challenge your thinking and ignite fresh ideas within you. Our mission is to provide a monthly platform for you to disconnect from the practical world and delve into the realm of high-level ideas.

Join us on an intellectual journey that transcends the ordinary, as we present extraordinary sessions featuring renowned speakers such as Shubhashish Bhadra, Renuka Sane, Subho Ray, and Pranay Kotasthane. These esteemed individuals have been instrumental in shaping policy thinking and are now ready to share their insights with you. Discover how these experts redefine conventional wisdom, explore groundbreaking concepts, and unravel thought-provoking theories. Through their talks, you will be inspired to challenge the status quo, push the boundaries of your knowledge, and pave the way for innovative solutions.

[dolphinengineer]

Overview of Road Infrastructure in India: Important Facts for Road Surveys by Dolphin Engineer

Road infrastructure is one of the important components of socio-economic growth for any country and India is no exception. The comprehensive diversities of the road network in the country support an efficient movement of resources from the rural to the urban area contributing to urbanization and economic integration. As road transport comprises a considerable share of 4.8% of GDP, the importance of the good and extensive network of roads cannot be belittled at all.

The blog describes the details concerning the present scenario, problems, and initiatives in India's case, especially from the point of view of road surveyors, to give more insight into the surveys and assessments that are in progress.

Importance of Road Infrastructure: The backbone of India's transportation is the road network. The network economically acts as a growth driver by linking the villages, towns, and cities for the exchange that results from both domestic and international trade. The network comprises over 5.5 million kilometres of roads, comprising expressways, national highways, state highways, district, and rural roads. As India is progressing towards urbanization and modernization, understanding the complexity of this system is crucial in planning effectively, maintenance, and upgrades for road surveyors.

Road Types in India:

Expressways: These are the high-class road networks that can be used at speeds up to 120 km/h in India. As of March 2023, India possesses an expressway network of 4,067 kilometers connecting important cities and improving travel times.

NH National Highways: NHAI These highways form part of the core national network connecting the country from one end to the other. Despite making up just 2% of India's road length, they carry an impressive 40% of the traffic in India and can normally allow a speed of 80-100 km/h.

State Highways (SH): State highways connect cities of a particular state and are maintained by the state governments concerned.

Major District Roads (MDR): MDRs link district headquarters with other key places within the district.

Other District Roads (ODR) These roads are vital for the development of rural areas as they connect minor towns and villages.

Village Roads These are one-lane roads that connect the rural areas with other larger road networks. These roads are locally the responsibility of gram panchayats and normally have a speed limit of 20-30 km/h.

Road Infrastructure Scenario: India's road transport network handles more than 60 per cent of the country's goods and 90 per cent of passengers, but it also faces several problems:

Traffic Congestion: Traffic congestion at the national highways is very high: The national highways make up only 2 per cent of the total roads but still carry a major chunk of the country's traffic. Consequently, it causes bottlenecks.

Low Capacity and Maintenance Ends Most of the roads, especially rural and district roads, lack proper maintenance that puts forward issues of safety and time loss.

Safety Issues: More vehicles with not-so-good road conditions have led to more and more accidents. Inappropriate signposts, uneven surfaces, and broken roads make the safety even worse.

The Road Surveys' Role: Road surveys at Dolphin Engineer are considered relevant to the Indian road network concerning condition assessment, capacity, and safety. The engineers of the company gather data from the site on traffic volume, road conditions, and bottlenecks for informed upgrading and maintenance or expansion decisions.

A detailed survey would find such potholes, damaged stretches, poor signage, and weak bridges under such circumstances. Attention is needed to avoid accidents and to smoothen traffic flows.

Conclusion: India, having vast road infrastructures, many areas still make their way towards growth with the assistance of Dolphin Engineer through various road surveys. Those parts that keep a check on the efficient and safe transportation system are another important part to be done. Keeping in mind the latest technological range at every step, by catering to the specific needs of various kinds of roads, Dolphin Engineer is strictly committed to providing aid in the development of India's road infrastructure to meet the booming nation.

For further information about how Dolphin Engineer can help your needs for a road survey, visit www.dolphinengineers.com.

[nithiyanantha]

What Are the Best Books for IAS Exam Preparation?

Preparing for the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) exam is no small feat. With a vast syllabus and rigorous competition, aspiring candidates must be well-equipped with the right resources. Among these resources, books play a pivotal role in shaping a candidate’s understanding of concepts, current affairs, and general knowledge. This comprehensive guide will delve into the best IAS exam preparation books, ensuring that you’re well-prepared to tackle the challenges of this prestigious examination.

Understanding the IAS Exam Structure

Before diving into the books, it's crucial to understand the IAS exam structure. The IAS exam, conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), consists of three stages:

Preliminary Examination: This is a qualifying exam consisting of two papers—General Studies and CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test).

Main Examination: This stage includes nine papers, including essay writing, general studies, and optional subjects.

Personality Test: This is the final stage, commonly referred to as the interview.

Each stage requires a different approach and set of study materials, which is why selecting the right books is essential.

Recommended Books for IAS Preliminary Examination

General Studies Paper I

“Indian Polity” by M. Laxmikanth This book is a must-have for any IAS aspirant. It covers the Indian Constitution, political system, and governance in a comprehensive manner. The clear explanations and well-structured content make it one of the best books for understanding Indian polity.

“Modern India” by Bipin Chandra This book provides an in-depth analysis of Indian history, focusing on the freedom struggle. It is essential for grasping the socio-political context of contemporary India.

“Indian Economy” by Ramesh Singh For economics, Ramesh Singh's book offers a detailed yet accessible approach. It covers all the key concepts, making it an ideal choice for both prelims and mains preparation.

“Geography of India” by Majid Husain Geography is an integral part of the IAS syllabus. This book provides a detailed overview of physical and human geography, along with maps and diagrams that aid in visual learning.

General Studies Paper II (CSAT)

“Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations” by R.S. Aggarwal This book is a comprehensive guide for mastering quantitative aptitude, which is crucial for the CSAT paper. It contains numerous practice questions and previous years' papers for effective preparation.

“Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability” by R.S. Aggarwal Similar to the quantitative aptitude book, this one focuses on logical reasoning and analytical ability, offering strategies and practice problems that can help you excel in the CSAT exam.

Current Affairs and General Knowledge

“Manorama Yearbook” A vital resource for staying updated on current affairs, this yearbook covers a wide range of topics, including politics, sports, and international events. It is updated annually, making it an essential part of any IAS aspirant's library.

“The Hindu” or “Indian Express” Regular reading of a reputable newspaper is crucial for current affairs. These newspapers offer in-depth coverage of national and international news, which is beneficial for both prelims and mains.

Recommended Books for IAS Main Examination

Essay Writing

“Essay for Civil Services” by J. K. Khedkar This book provides valuable tips and techniques for writing effective essays. It includes sample essays, which are beneficial for understanding structure and content.

General Studies Papers

General Studies Paper I

“Indian Art and Culture” by N.itin Singhania This book covers various aspects of Indian art and culture, essential for the general studies paper.

General Studies Paper II

“Governance in India” by M. Laxmikanth A continuation from his polity book, this volume delves deeper into governance issues and reforms in India.

General Studies Paper III

“Economic Survey of India” Published annually, this document is crucial for understanding the economic situation of India and is highly relevant for current affairs as well.

Optional Subject Preparation

Choosing the Right Books The choice of books for your optional subject largely depends on the subject you choose. For instance, if you opt for Political Science, books by M. Ramesh or A. D. Tiwari could be beneficial. For Geography, you may refer to “Physical Geography” by Savindra Singh.

Importance of Coaching Institutes

While self-study is essential, many aspirants choose to enroll in coaching institutes to enhance their preparation. One of the best IAS academies in Coimbatore is known for its experienced faculty, comprehensive study materials, and structured programs. Attending such an academy can provide guidance, motivation, and a competitive edge.

Study Tips for IAS Exam Preparation

Create a Study Schedule Having a structured study schedule can help you cover the syllabus efficiently. Allocate time for each subject and stick to your timetable as much as possible.

Focus on Conceptual Understanding Rather than rote memorization, strive for a deep understanding of concepts. This approach will help you tackle both objective and subjective questions effectively.

Practice Previous Years’ Papers Regularly practicing previous years' question papers will familiarize you with the exam pattern and types of questions asked. This practice is especially important for the preliminary examination.

Join a Study Group Collaborating with fellow aspirants can provide new insights and enhance your learning experience. It also allows for sharing resources and discussing difficult topics.

Stay Updated with Current Affairs Set aside time daily to read newspapers and magazines focused on current affairs. This practice will not only aid in the preliminary examination but also enrich your answers in the mains.

Conclusion

The journey to becoming an IAS officer is challenging but rewarding. The right books can make a significant difference in your preparation, providing the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in this highly competitive exam. Remember, along with the best resources, consistent effort, effective time management, and a positive mindset are key components of success.

For aspirants looking for comprehensive guidance and support, enrolling in the best IAS academy in Coimbatore can offer invaluable resources and mentorship. As you embark on this journey, equip yourself with these recommended books, develop a robust study plan, and stay committed to your goals.

#BestIasAcademyInCoimbatore

[symbiosis-law-school]

Finding the Best Law and Business Education in India

India is home to some of the most prestigious institutions offering specialised education in law and business. For students looking to pursue a career in these fields, choosing the right college is crucial. Whether you are aspiring to enrol in one of the Law Colleges in India or aiming for a career in business management through the Top BBA Colleges in India, the quality of education and opportunities offered by these institutions can shape your professional journey.

Why Choose Law Colleges in India?

Law Colleges in India have garnered a reputation for producing some of the country’s finest legal professionals. With a focus on both theoretical knowledge and practical experience, these institutions are designed to equip students with the skills necessary to succeed in the legal field. Programs like Top BA LLB Hons offer a blend of law and arts education, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of legal principles while also nurturing critical thinking and communication skills.

Leading law colleges emphasise the importance of moot courts, internships and real-life case studies, giving students the exposure needed to tackle real-world challenges. With legal education becoming increasingly diverse, students can choose from specialisations such as corporate law, environmental law, intellectual property law and more.

What Makes Top BA LLB Hons Programs Stand Out?

The Top BA LLB Hons programs in India are designed for students who wish to pursue an integrated degree in law and arts. This program typically spans five years and provides a holistic education that includes subjects like political science, sociology and economics, along with core legal studies. This combination allows students to develop a well-rounded perspective, making them better equipped to understand the socio-political context of legal issues.

Students enrolled in these programs benefit from hands-on learning through moot courts, legal clinics and research projects. This practical approach not only enhances their legal knowledge but also prepares them for careers in litigation, corporate law, public policy and academia. Graduates of Top BA LLB Hons programs are highly sought after by law firms, government agencies and NGOs for their comprehensive legal education and analytical abilities.

Exploring the Top BBA Colleges in India

For those more inclined toward business and management, the Top BBA Colleges in India offer a solid foundation in business principles, preparing students for leadership roles in various industries. A Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) is an ideal choice for students looking to understand the intricacies of business management, marketing, finance and human resources.

These colleges are known for their focus on experiential learning, often integrating internships, business simulations and case studies into the curriculum. The Top BBA Colleges in India prepare students to thrive in competitive business environments by fostering skills in problem-solving, leadership and strategic thinking.

Graduates from these institutions often go on to pursue further education, such as an MBA, or step directly into managerial roles in industries like banking, retail, healthcare and more. With India being a hub for startups and multinational corporations, a degree from one of the top BBA colleges can open doors to numerous career opportunities.

Why Symbiosis Law School, Pune?

Among the Law Colleges in India, Symbiosis Law School (SLS), Pune, stands out for its excellence in legal education. SLS Pune offers integrated programs like Top BA LLB Hons, which combine academic rigour with practical training. With a strong emphasis on experiential learning, SLS ensures that its students are well-prepared for the challenges of the legal profession.

Additionally, SLS Pune provides an environment that nurtures leadership, innovation and critical thinking, making it one of the most sought-after destinations for law education in India. For students looking to build successful careers in law, SLS Pune is an ideal choice.

[carbonfootprintconsultant24]

Understanding the Carbon Footprint in India: Challenges and Solutions

Introduction

What is a Carbon Footprint?

A carbon footprint in India refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted into the atmosphere as a result of human activities. It includes carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and other gases that contribute to global warming and climate change.

India's Carbon Footprint: An Overview

Carbon footprint in India has been a topic of increasing concern due to its rapid economic growth and rising energy demands. According to recent data, India is one of the largest emitters of GHGs globally, though its per capita emissions remain lower than those of many developed countries. Understanding the components and scale of India's carbon footprint is crucial for crafting effective climate policies and achieving sustainable development.

Major Contributors to India’s Carbon Footprint

Energy Sector: The energy sector is the largest contributor to India's carbon footprint. The country's reliance on coal for electricity generation significantly increases its CO₂ emissions. Despite efforts to expand renewable energy sources, coal remains a dominant energy source due to its cost-effectiveness and abundance.

Transportation: With a growing middle class and suburbanization, transportation is a major contributor to India’s carbon emissions. The expand in the number of vehicles, coupled with inadequate community transport infrastructure, exacerbates the problem.

Industrial Activities: India’s industrial sector, including manufacturing and construction, contributes substantially to its carbon footprint. The process of cement production, steel manufacturing, and other industrial activities release a significant amount of GHGs.

Agriculture: Agriculture is another critical area where carbon emissions occur, primarily through methane emissions from cattle and rice paddies, as well as the use of synthetic fertilizers.

Deforestation: The loss of forests for agriculture, urbanization, and industrial purposes leads to reduced carbon sequestration, further increasing the carbon footprint in India.

Impacts of a High Carbon Footprint

India's high carbon footprint has various environmental and socio-economic consequences:

Climate Change: Increased greenhouse gas emissions contribute to global warming, leading to more frequent and severe weather events such as heatwaves, floods, and droughts in India.

Air Quality: High levels of CO₂ and other pollutants from industrial and vehicular emissions deteriorate air quality, leading to health issues such as respiratory diseases.

Biodiversity Loss: Deforestation and habitat destruction threaten India's rich biodiversity, impacting ecosystems and wildlife.

Strategies for Reducing India’s Carbon Footprint

Transition to Renewable Energy: Increasing the share of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is crucial. The Indian government has set ambitious targets for expanding renewable energy capacity and reducing dependence on coal.

Energy Efficiency: Implementing energy-efficient technologies and practices in industries, transportation, and residential sectors can significantly reduce carbon emissions.

Sustainable Transportation: Developing robust public transportation systems, promoting electric vehicles, and encouraging alternative modes of transport can help lower emissions from the transportation sector.

Reforestation and Afforestation: Initiatives to restore and expand forest cover can enhance carbon sequestration and mitigate the effects of deforestation.

Agricultural Practices: Adopting sustainable agricultural practices, such as precision farming and reducing methane emissions from livestock, can help lower the carbon footprint in India of the agricultural sector.

Policy and Regulation: Strengthening environmental regulations and policies, including carbon pricing mechanisms and emission reduction targets, can drive systemic change and encourage sustainable practices across sectors.

Conclusion

Addressing India’s carbon footprint is a multifaceted challenge that requires concerted efforts from the government, industries, and individuals. By focusing on renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and adopting sustainable practices, India can work towards reducing its carbon footprint and achieving a more sustainable future.

Understanding and acting upon the components of India's carbon footprint is essential not only for mitigating climate change but also for ensuring the long-term health and prosperity of the nation. Through collective action and innovation, India can navigate its path to sustainable development while contributing to global climate goals.

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazil's Finance Minister to discuss climate change one-on-one

As he prepares to leave for Bangalore, India, this week to attend a G20 conference of economy ministers ahead of the summit of heads of government and state, Brazil's Fernando Haddad insisted that the largest South American country intends to be active again in the solution of global crises, Agencia Brasil reported. The Finance Minister also said he believed socio-environmental sustainability should be a topic in all his bilateral meetings.

Haddad recalled Brazil's decisive participation in solving the 2008 financial crisis and said he believed his country can again play an important role in the current world scenario of economic problems mixed up with climate issues and the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Transition to a green economy with socio-environmental sustainability should be discussed at every bilateral meeting Haddad plans to hold in India, where he has secured one-on-one engagements with European Union (EU) Commissioner for the Economy Paolo Gentiloni, South Africa's Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana, and Spain's Third Vice President and Minister of Economic Affairs, Nadia Calviño.

Continue reading.

[vishalprime]

 Vinayaka School of Economics and Public Policy: Shaping the Future of Economists and Policy Leaders in India

When it comes to pursuing a degree in economics, selecting the right institution is crucial for shaping your future. In India, where economic development plays a pivotal role in global markets, a degree from a reputed institution can set the foundation for a successful career. Vinayaka Mission's School of Economics and Public Policy (VSEP) in Chennai stands out as one of the top choices for students aspiring to excel in this field.

 Why Choose a B.Sc. Economics Program in Chennai?

Chennai is not just a hub for information technology and cultural richness but is also emerging as a significant center for higher education. Among the various disciplines, economics holds a vital place as it directly impacts policy-making and socio-economic development. Pursuing a B.Sc. Economics in Chennai offers students a unique advantage, combining academic rigor with the dynamic opportunities the city provides.

The Vinayaka School of Economics and Public Policy (VSEP) is a prime example of an institution that marries academic excellence with real-world application. Located on the bustling Rajiv Gandhi Salai (Old Mahabalipuram Road), VSEP is a beacon for students who aim to make a meaningful impact in the world of economics and public policy.

 VSEP: Where Policy Meets Purpose

At VSEP, the primary objective is to cultivate future economists, social leaders, and thought leaders. The school's mission is to equip students with the capacity to address dynamic socio-economic challenges by promoting inclusivity at the local, national, and global levels. The curriculum is designed not just to impart theoretical knowledge but also to nurture practical skills that make students future-ready—not only as employees or entrepreneurs but as leaders across various sectors.

 Innovative and Interdisciplinary Courses

What sets VSEP apart from other economics colleges in India is its innovative and interdisciplinary approach to education. The B.Sc. Economics (Honours with Research) program offered at VSEP is in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It is a four-year undergraduate program that offers exit options and specializations along with an Honors degree at the end of the fourth year. This makes it one of the first few programs in India to offer such a comprehensive structure.

Students can choose minors in Health Economics and Data Analytics, making the program not just a degree but a gateway to becoming a leader in economics. These minors are particularly relevant in today's world, where data-driven decision-making and healthcare policies are at the forefront of economic discussions.

 Learn from Top Instructors

One of the key attractions of VSEP is its faculty. The school boasts some of the best experts and professors in the field of economics and public policy. These educators bring real-world expertise into the classroom, ensuring that students not only learn the concepts but also understand their practical applications. The faculty's areas of expertise include health policy, data analytics, finance, and other demanding fields.

This level of instruction places VSEP among the top Indian colleges for economics. The school is not just focused on teaching but on forging changemakers who can tackle complex societal issues with confidence and competence.

 A Dynamic Student Life

Student life at VSEP is designed to be as enriching as the academic curriculum. The school offers a vibrant atmosphere where students can learn from peers and professors from diverse backgrounds. This diversity is crucial in today's globalized world, where understanding different perspectives is key to solving complex problems.

Moreover, VSEP's location in Chennai allows students to leverage the city's dynamic networks and diverse communities. This provides practical experience that catapults students onto the global stage, making them not just graduates but global citizens ready to make a tangible impact.

 Empowering Minds, Inspiring Change

Dr. Debdulal Thakur, the Dean of Vinayaka Mission's School of Economics and Public Policy, emphasizes that VSEP is about more than just education; it's about empowerment. The school's interdisciplinary curriculum is anchored in economics but extends far beyond textbooks. The focus is on empowering students to develop cross-sectoral solutions and on pioneering specializations like social innovation.

Dr. Thakur's message is clear: VSEP is dedicated to making a tangible impact on the world. Whether it's through public lectures, open houses, or the school's active engagement with the community, VSEP is committed to redefining what's possible.

 Preparing for the Future with a B.Sc. in Economics

The B.Sc. Economics program at VSEP is more than just a degree; it's a pathway to becoming a catalyst for positive change. With a focus on inclusivity and practical application, the program prepares students to address dynamic socio-economic challenges both at the national and global levels.

The programme structure is robust, offering foundational and capstone projects that encourage the practical application of a variety of tools and techniques. These projects are often live and based on real-world scenarios, providing students with actionable solutions that they can carry into their professional lives.

VSEP also offers a unique Work Study Programme, an "Earn While You Learn" initiative that blends funding for studies with the acquisition of practical skills. This initiative not only helps students financially but also prepares them for the workforce by giving them hands-on experience.

 Conclusion: Your Future Starts Here

If you're considering a career in economics, VSEP in Chennai should be at the top of your list. The school offers a unique blend of academic rigor, practical experience, and a commitment to making a difference. Whether you aim to become an economist, a policy-maker, or a social leader, the Vinayaka School of Economics and Public Policy provides the tools and the environment to help you achieve your goals. Don't miss the opportunity to be part of an institution where policy truly meets purpose. Apply now and become a catalyst for positive change.