#roman space telescope

[nasa]

Observations from both NASA’s James Webb and Hubble space telescopes created this colorful image of galaxy cluster MACS0416. The colors of different galaxies indicate distances, with bluer galaxies being closer and redder galaxies being more distant or dusty. Some galaxies appear as streaks due to gravitational lensing — a warping effect caused by large masses gravitationally bending the space that light travels through.

Like Taylor Swift, Our Universe Has Gone Through Many Different Eras

While Taylor's Eras Tour explores decades of music, our universe’s eras set the stage for life to exist today. By unraveling cosmic history, scientists can investigate how it happened, from the universe’s origin and evolution to its possible fate.

This infographic outlines the history of the universe.

0 SECONDS | In the beginning, the universe debuted extremely small, hot, and dense

Scientists aren’t sure what exactly existed at the very beginning of the universe, but they think there wasn’t any normal matter or physics. Things probably didn’t behave like we expect them to today.

Artist's interpretation of the beginning of the universe, with representations of the early cosmos and its expansion.

10^-32 SECONDS | The universe rapidly, fearless-ly inflated

When the universe debuted, it almost immediately became unstable. Space expanded faster than the speed of light during a very brief period known as inflation. Scientists are still exploring what drove this exponential expansion.

1 MICROSECOND | Inflation’s end started the story of us: we wouldn’t be here if inflation continued

When inflation ended, the universe continued to expand, but much slower. All the energy that previously drove the rapid expansion went into light and matter — normal stuff! Small subatomic particles — protons, neutrons, and electrons — now floated around, though the universe was too hot for them to combine and form atoms.

The particles gravitated together, especially in clumpy spots. The push and pull between gravity and the particles’ inability to stick together created oscillations, or sound waves.

Artist's interpretation of protons and neutrons colliding to form ionized deuterium — a hydrogen isotope with one proton and one neutron — and ionized helium — two protons and two neutrons.

THREE MINUTES | Protons and neutrons combined all too well

After about three minutes, the universe had expanded and cooled enough for protons and neutrons to stick together. This created the very first elements: hydrogen, helium, and very small amounts of lithium and beryllium.

But it was still too hot for electrons to combine with the protons and neutrons. These free electrons floated around in a hot foggy soup that scattered light and made the universe appear dark.

This animated artist’s concept begins by showing ionized atoms (red blobs), free electrons (green blobs), and photons of light (blue flashes). The ionized atoms scattered light until neutral atoms (shown as brown blobs) formed, clearing the way for light to travel farther through space.

380 THOUSAND YEARS | Neutral atoms formed and left a blank space for light

As the universe expanded and cooled further, electrons joined atoms and made them neutral. With the electron plasma out of the way, some light could travel much farther.

An image of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) across the entire sky, taken by ESA's (European Space Agency) Planck space telescope. The CMB is the oldest light we can observe in the universe. Frozen sound waves are visible as miniscule fluctuations in temperature, shown through blue (colder) and red (warmer) coloring.

As neutral atoms formed, the sound waves created by the push and pull between subatomic particles stopped. The waves froze, leaving ripples that were slightly denser than their surroundings. The excess matter attracted even more matter, both normal and “dark.” Dark matter has gravitational influence on its surroundings but is invisible and does not interact with light.

This animation illustrates the absorption of photons — light particles — by neutral hydrogen atoms.

ALSO 380 THOUSAND YEARS | The universe became dark — call it what you want, but scientists call this time period the Dark Ages 

Other than the cosmic microwave background, there wasn't much light during this era since stars hadn’t formed yet. And what light there was usually didn't make it very far since neutral hydrogen atoms are really good at absorbing light. This kicked off an era known as the cosmic dark ages.

This animation illustrates the beginning of star formation as gas begins to clump due to gravity. These protostars heat up as material compresses inside them and throw off material at high speeds, creating shockwaves shown here as expanding rings of light.

200 MILLION YEARS | Stars created daylight (that was still blocked by hydrogen atoms)

Over time, denser areas pulled in more and more matter, in some places becoming so heavy it triggered a collapse. When the matter fell inward, it became hot enough for nuclear fusion to start, marking the birth of the first stars!

A simulation of dark matter forming structure due to gravity.

400 MILLION YEARS | Dark matter acted like an invisible string tying galaxies together

As the universe expanded, the frozen sound waves created earlier — which now included stars, gas, dust, and more elements produced by stars — stretched and continued attracting more mass. Pulling material together eventually formed the first galaxies, galaxy clusters, and wide-scale, web-like structure. 

In this animation, ultraviolet light from stars ionizes hydrogen atoms by breaking off their electrons. Regions already ionized are blue and translucent, areas undergoing ionization are red and white, and regions of neutral gas are dark and opaque.

1 BILLION YEARS | Ultraviolet light from stars made the universe transparent for evermore

The first stars were massive and hot, meaning they burned their fuel supplies quickly and lived short lives. However, they gave off energetic ultraviolet light that helped break apart the neutral hydrogen around the stars and allowed light to travel farther.

Animation showing a graph of the universe’s expansion over time. While cosmic expansion slowed following the end of inflation, it began picking up the pace around 5 billion years ago. Scientists still aren't sure why.

SOMETIME AFTER 10 BILLION YEARS | Dark energy became dominant, accelerating cosmic expansion and creating a big question…?

By studying the universe’s expansion rate over time, scientists made the shocking discovery that it’s speeding up. They had thought eventually gravity should cause the matter to attract itself and slow down expansion. Some mysterious pressure, dubbed dark energy, seems to be accelerating cosmic expansion. About 10 billion years into the universe’s story, dark energy – whatever it may be – became dominant over matter.

An image of Earth rising in the Moon’s sky. Nicknamed “Earthrise,” Apollo 8 astronauts saw this sight during the first crewed mission to the Moon.

13.8 BILLION YEARS | The universe as we know it today: 359,785,714,285.7 fortnights from the beginning

We owe our universe today to each of its unique stages. However, scientists still have many questions about these eras.

Our upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will look back in time to explore cosmic mysteries like dark energy and dark matter – two poorly understood aspects of the universe that govern its evolution and ultimate fate.

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[spacetelescopescience]

Last week, Space Telescope Science Institute staff visited NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland to get a peak at the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, which is being built in a very large clean room!

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Solar panels for NASA’s Roman Space Telescope pass key tests

NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope’s Solar Array Sun Shield has successfully completed recent tests, signaling that the assembly is on track to be completed on schedule. The panels are designed to power and shade the observatory, enabling all the mission’s observations and helping keep the instruments cool.

The Roman team has two sets of these panels –– one that will fly aboard the observatory and another as a test structure, used specifically for preliminary assessments.

Engineers at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, evaluated the test version in a thermal vacuum chamber, which simulates the hot and cold temperatures and low-pressure environment the flight panels will experience in space. Since the panels will be stowed for launch, the team practiced deploying them in space-like conditions.

Meanwhile, a vendor built up the flight version by fitting the panels with solar cells. After delivery to Goddard, technicians tested the solar cells by flashing the panels with a bright light that simulates the Sun.

“We save a significant amount of time and money by using two versions of the panels, because we can do a lot of preliminary tests on a spare while moving further in the process with the flight version,” said Jack Marshall, the Solar Array Sun Shield lead at NASA Goddard. “It streamlines the process and also avoids risking damage to the panels that will go on the observatory, should testing reveal a flaw.”

Next spring, the flight version of the Solar Array Sun Shield will be installed on the Roman spacecraft. Then, the whole spacecraft will go through thorough testing to ensure it will hold up during launch and perform as expected in space.

TOP IMAGE: The solar panels for NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope are undergoing assessment in a test chamber at the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in this photo. Credit NASA/Chris Gunn

LOWER IMAGE: Both versions of the Solar Array Sun Shield for NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope appear in this photo, taken in the largest clean room at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. The flight version lies flat in the foreground, while the qualification assembly stands upright in the background. The flight panels will shade the mission’s instruments and power the observatory. Credit NASA/Chris Gunn

[indianflash123]

NASA to launch Roman Space telescope; 100 times wider View than Hubble 

Scheduled for launch in May 2027, NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope promises to revolutionize our understanding of the universe. With a field of view 100 times larger than the Hubble Space Telescope, Roman will explore the cosmos faster and with greater precision. The mission aims to study billions of cosmic objects, shedding light on the formation of planets, stars, and galaxies, while…

[indianflashnews]

NASA to launch Roman Space telescope; 100 times wider View than Hubble 

Scheduled for launch in May 2027, NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope promises to revolutionize our understanding of the universe. With a field of view 100 times larger than the Hubble Space Telescope, Roman will explore the cosmos faster and with greater precision. The mission aims to study billions of cosmic objects, shedding light on the formation of planets, stars, and galaxies, while…

[spaceraceart]

i've been doing an astronomy internship this summer, and we recently talked about the space telescopes! wanted to personify some of them hehe.

James Webb (they/them): Their shiny poncho thing is inspired by the solar shield. They have a rivalry with Hubble, believing him to be obsolete. However, they secretly are worried they won't be able to live up to his legacy.

Hubble (he/him): His glasses represent the COSTAR instrument that was installed on Hubble to correct it's blurry images. He finds James Webb's attempt at a rivalry amusing, and just wants to become friends with the younger fella and help them out.

Nancy Grace Roman (she/her): A telescope not yet launched, she's an old NRO telescope, and is having trouble adjusting from a life of espionage to one of science.

[bootleg-nessie]

The James Webb Space Telescope is my Roman Empire

[mindblowingscience]

NASA's forthcoming Nancy Grace Roman Telescope could use the grisly death of stars ripped apart by black holes to hunt the universe's first population of stellar bodies. These early stars, referred to (somewhat confusingly) as Population III (Pop III) stars, were very different from the sun and other stars seen in the cosmos today. That's because the universe wasn't yet filled with "metals," the term astronomers use to describe elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.  Pop III stars arose just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang and were "metal-poor," composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. They were also believed to be much larger and hotter than the sun. This means that Pop III burned through their fuel for nuclear fusion faster than smaller stars, and these short lifetimes make them elusive targets for astronomers.

Continue Reading.

[poppy-does-science]

The Nancy Grace Roman Telescope is named after the Mother of Hubble

The Nancy Grace Roman Telescope (previously WFIRST) is a NASA mission set to launch in 2027. I think you guys need to know about more about it though, because although its technology is amazing, the most amazing thing about it is its name.

Dr Nancy Grace Roman was an executive at NASA, working as the Chief of Astronomy, Chief of Astronomy and Relativity, and Chief of Solar Physics (what cool job titles!!) from 1959 until her retirement in 1979. Among her many achievements (including being the first female NASA executive!), her most notable was Hubble.

Decades before people were ready to consider an investment such as Hubble, Dr Roman was pioneering for it, lobbying NASA officials to get it approved, putting together planning committees and fighting to secure funding.

Her dedication to Hubble earned her the nickname "Mother of Hubble". But I don't think this really emphasises her achievements enough. Hubble was the inspiration for so many space telescope missions, the mission that showed it was possible for the rest, the seed that sprouted so many more space telescopes, and so many more discoveries in our lifetimes.

By her own words “I think it would have existed sooner or later without me." But without her, how long would we have had to wait before this age of space telescopes? By being the Mother of Hubble, she has become the Mother of modern space-based astronomy.

The Nancy Grace Roman Telescope could not have a better name.

She often said, "for the price of one night at the movies each year, each American would receive 15 years of exciting discoveries." But she was wrong, because not just Americans, but people across the globe have now received over 30 years of discoveries!

Dr Nancy Grace Roman passed away on December 25th, 2018, three years to the date of the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope. I think she would be thrilled to see how far space-based astronomy has come.

Read more about her:

[michaelgabrill]

NASA Completes Spacecraft to Transport Support Roman Space Telescope

The spacecraft bus that will deliver NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope to its orbit and enable it to function once there is now complete after years of construction, installation, and testing. Now that the spacecraft is assembled, engineers will begin working to integrate the observatory’s other major components, including the science instruments and the […] from NASA https://ift.tt/aIAdfJi

[pepperedart]

O U R P L E

[nasa]

This photo contains both flight (flat in the foreground) and qualification assembly (upright in the background) versions of the Solar Array Sun Shield for NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. These panels will both shade the mission’s instruments and power the observatory.

Double Vision: Why Do Spacecraft Have Twin Parts?

Seeing double? You’re looking at our Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope’s Solar Array Sun Shield laying flat in pieces in the foreground, and its test version connected and standing upright in the back. The Sun shield will do exactly what it sounds like –– shade the observatory –– and also collect sunlight for energy to power Roman.

These solar panels are twins, just like several of Roman’s other major components. Only one set will actually fly in space as part of the Roman spacecraft…so why do we need two?

Sometimes engineers do major tests to simulate launch and space conditions on a spare. That way, they don’t risk damaging the one that will go on the observatory. It also saves time because the team can do all the testing on the spare while building up the flight version. In the Sun shield’s case, that means fitting the flight version with solar cells and eventually getting the panels integrated onto the spacecraft.

Our Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope's primary structure (also called the spacecraft bus) moves into the big clean room at our Goddard Space Flight Center (top). While engineers integrate other components onto the spacecraft bus in the clean room, the engineering test unit (also called the structural verification unit) undergoes testing in the centrifuge at Goddard. The centrifuge spins space hardware to ensure it will hold up against the forces of launch.

Engineers at our Goddard Space Flight Center recently tested the Solar Array Sun Shield qualification assembly in a thermal vacuum chamber, which simulates the hot and cold temperatures and low-pressure environment that the panels will experience in space. And since the panels will be stowed for launch, the team practiced deploying them in space-like conditions. They passed all the tests with flying colors!

The qualification panels will soon pass the testing baton to the flight version. After the flight Solar Array Sun Shield is installed on the Roman spacecraft, the whole spacecraft will go through lots of testing to ensure it will hold up during launch and perform as expected in space.

For more information about the Roman Space Telescope, visit: www.nasa.gov/roman. You can also virtually tour an interactive version of the telescope here.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

[spacetelescopescience]

NASA's upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will be able to survey the sky 1,000 times faster than Hubble. Its data will enrich all areas of astrophysics by enabling studies of nearly every class of astronomical object, phenomenon, and environment across the observable universe.

Dr. Ori Fox will discuss the details of the Roman mission, with a focus on potential studies on the discovery of thousands of new planets and the source of a mysterious force called dark energy that permeates our universe—TODAY at 8:00 p.m. ET.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Primary instrument for Roman Space Telescope arrives at NASA Goddard

The primary instrument for NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is a sophisticated camera that will survey the cosmos from the outskirts of our solar system all the way out to the edge of the observable universe. Called the Wide Field Instrument, it was recently delivered to the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

The camera's large field of view, sharp resolution, and sensitivity from visible to near-infrared wavelengths will give Roman a deep, panoramic view of the universe. Scanning much larger portions of the sky than astronomers can with NASA's Hubble or James Webb space telescopes will open new avenues of cosmic exploration. Roman is designed to study dark energy (a mysterious cosmic pressure thought to accelerate the universe's expansion), dark matter (invisible matter seen only via its gravitational influence), and exoplanets (worlds beyond our solar system).

"This instrument will turn signals from space into a new understanding of how our universe works," said Julie McEnery, the Roman senior project scientist at Goddard. "To achieve its main goals, the mission will precisely measure hundreds of millions of galaxies. That's quite a dataset for all kinds of researchers to pull from, so there will be a flood of results on a vast array of science."

About 1,000 people contributed to the Wide Field Instrument's development, from the initial design phase to assembling it from around a million individual components. The WFI's design was a collaborative effort between Goddard and BAE Systems in Boulder, Colorado. Teledyne Imaging Sensors, Hawaii Aerospace Corporation, Applied Aerospace Structures Corporation, Northrop Grumman, Honeybee Robotics, CDA Intercorp, Alluxa, and JenOptik provided critical components.

Those parts and many more, made by other vendors, were delivered to Goddard and BAE Systems, where they were assembled and tested prior to the instrument's delivery to Goddard this month.

"I am so happy to be delivering this amazing instrument," said Mary Walker, Roman's Wide Field Instrument manager at Goddard. "All the years of hard work and the team's dedication have brought us to this exciting moment."

Seeing the bigger picture

After Roman launches by May 2027, each of the Wide Field Instrument's 300-million-pixel images will capture a patch of the sky bigger than the apparent size of a full moon. The instrument's large field of view will enable sweeping celestial surveys, revealing billions of cosmic objects across vast stretches of time and space. Astronomers will conduct research that could take hundreds of years using other telescopes.

By observing from space, Roman's camera will be very sensitive to infrared light––light with longer wavelengths than our eyes can see––from far across the cosmos. This ancient cosmic light will help scientists address some of the biggest cosmic mysteries, one of which is how the universe evolved to its present state.

From the telescope, light's path through the instrument begins by passing through one of several optical elements in a large wheel. These elements include filters, which allow specific wavelengths of light to pass through, and a grism and prism, which split light into all of its individual colors. These detailed patterns, called spectra, reveal information about the object that emitted the light.

Then, the light travels on toward the camera's set of 18 detectors, which each contain 16 million pixels. The large number of detectors and pixels gives Roman its large field of view. The instrument is designed for accurate, stable images and exquisite precision in measuring the exact amount of light in every pixel of every image, giving Roman unprecedented power to study dark energy. The detectors will be held at about minus 300 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 184 degrees Celsius) to increase sensitivity to the infrared universe.

"When the light reaches the detectors, that marks the end of what may have been a 10-billion-year journey through space," said Art Whipple, an aerospace engineer at Goddard who has contributed to the Wide Field Instrument's design and construction for more than a decade.

Once Roman begins observing, its rapid data delivery will require new analysis techniques.

"If we had every astronomer on Earth working on Roman data, there still wouldn't be nearly enough people to go through it all," McEnery said. "We're looking at modern techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence to help sift through Roman's observations and find where the most exciting things are."

Now that the Wide Field Instrument is at Goddard, it will be tested to ensure everything is operating as expected. It will be integrated onto the instrument carrier and mated to the telescope this fall, bringing scientists one step closer to making groundbreaking discoveries for decades to come.

TOP IMAGE: Technicians inspect NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope's Wide Field Instrument upon delivery to the big clean room at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn

LOWER IMAGE: This photo shows the Wide Field Instrument for NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope arriving at the big clean room at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. About the size of a commercial refrigerator, this instrument will help astronomers explore the universe's evolution and the characteristics of worlds outside our solar system. Unlocking these cosmic mysteries and more will offer a better understanding of the nature of the universe and our place within it. Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn

[spacenutspod]

Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your go-to source for the latest in space and astronomy news. I'm your host, Anna. Today we've got some fascinating stories lined up that you won't want to miss. We'll be diving into SpaceX's recent breakthroughs, including the reveal and first firing of their latest Raptor 3 engine. We'll also cover major milestones from NASA, such as the significant progress made with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Lastly, we'll discuss an exciting citizen science project from the European Space Agency that invites you to help classify thousands of newly imaged galaxies. So grab your telescopes and let's embark on this cosmic journey together. - **SpaceX's Raptor 3 Engine Reveal**: SpaceX had a bustling week revealing and firing the new Raptor 3 engine. This advanced engine significantly improves performance, packing a punch with 280 metric tons of thrust while being lighter than its predecessors. What makes Raptor 3 stand out is its internal design, where much of the external plumbing has been either moved inside or eliminated, allowing for higher pressure and efficiency. This marks a noteworthy evolution from the Raptor 2, which has been the workhorse of SpaceX's Starship program so far. - **SpaceX's Starship Preparations**: Meanwhile, SpaceX isn't just resting on its laurels. The company is deeply engaged in preparations for Flight 6 and is eagerly awaiting regulatory approval for Flight 5. These efforts include readiness checks and vital tests. Excitingly, this also involves operational tests with the Mechazilla chopsticks, a key mechanism designed to catch the Starship boosters as they return from space. The upcoming Flight 5 mission is on standby with both the ship and the booster cleared and ready pending final clearance. This highlights SpaceX's relentless push to refine its technologies and expand its capabilities, keeping the momentum going for future space endeavors. - **Starship Project Advancements**: SpaceX is also rapidly advancing in its Starship project. With Ship 33 nearing full assembly, only two sections remain to complete the first Block 2 ship: the bottom liquid oxygen tank section and the aft engine section. This new configuration will allow SpaceX to add around 300 extra tons of propellant, enhancing the ship's capabilities. In the meantime, major upgrades are underway for Booster 14.1. It's back at Orbital Launch Pad A for more testing, particularly focusing on the innovative Mechazilla chopsticks catch mechanism. These tests are crucial to ensuring the system can handle the instant loads required for successful booster recovery. - **NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope**: NASA has achieved a significant milestone with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Recently, the deployable aperture cover, an essential component of the telescope, successfully passed rigorous environmental tests designed to simulate the challenging conditions it will face during launch and in space. This large sunshade is designed to keep unwanted light out of the telescope, ensuring the clarity and accuracy of its observations.  - **ESA's Galaxy Classification Project**: The European Space Agency and Galaxy Zoo are calling for public participation to classify thousands of galaxies imaged by the Euclid Space Telescope. This citizen science project is perfect for astronomy enthusiasts who love to explore the cosmos and contribute to scientific research.  - **Groundbreaking Sounding Rocket Mission**: A groundbreaking sounding rocket mission is set to study the sun as a star. This first-of-its-kind mission aims to observe the sun's behavior in an unprecedented way, potentially unlocking new insights into solar science. By utilizing a sounding rocket, scientists can gather unique data on solar activity that regular satellites and space telescopes might miss.  For more Astronomy Daily, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Follow us on social media at AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, and TikTok. For more Space and Astronomy News Podcast, visit our HQ at www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support.

[timesnewfishcat]

ourple