#pre-pottery neolithic

[historyfiles]

Pre-Pottery Neolithic B: the PPNB marked the arrival of full agricultural domestication in the Fertile Crescent, a period which lasts longer than its predecessor and is divided by archaeologists into early, middle, and late phases.

[astonedanarchist]

Pillar 43, Göbekli Tepe

[niteshade925]

April 13, Xi'an, China, Shaanxi Archaeology Museum/陕西考古博物馆 (Part 1 - Neolithic to pre-Qin dynasty):

Unfortunately I was not able to acquire tickets to the Shaanxi History Museum/陕西历史博物馆, which is one of my biggest regrets from this entire trip, because Shaanxi History Museum is the provincial-level museum, it has a lot more artifacts. Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi Province, so it has both the city-level museum and the provincial-level museum; the one I posted about previously, Xi’an museum, is just the city-level museum.

But fortunately Xi’an has a quite a few history museums, which makes sense considering the city’s very long history, so on we go to the Shaanxi Archaeology Museum:

For the longest time I also thought archaeology was a very European thing, but actually? It did also exist in ancient China. The word guxue/古学 (lit. “Antiquity Studies”) existed as early as Eastern Han dynasty (25 - 220 AD), and by Song dynasty (960 - 1279 AD), kaoguxue/考古学/archaeology was pretty well known. Sidenote: the word 考古学 may not mean exactly the same thing as archaeology in Song dynasty, but today it just means archaeology. Below is the Song-era kaoguxue work named 《考古图》 (this book on display was printed in Qing dynasty, judging by the cover):

Compare the above with the notes of a modern archaeologist:

A collection of interesting Neolithic era pottery artifacts with various faces on them. Some are from Yangshao culture/仰韶文化 (5000 - 2700 BC). I swear you can make reaction pics out of these lol

They even have these refrigerator magnet souvenirs lol

Is that a pottery piggy on the right? This piggy looks oddly familiar…

Which reminds me of this other pottery pig found near the Sanxingdui/三星堆 site (Picture from Douyin user 姜丝炒土豆丝). Looks very familiar indeed lol

A pottery drum reminiscent of an udu drum. The one in the front is a replica that visitors can try out

Left: a pottery artifact with a frog face on it. Right: a pottery tiger I think? Not sure.

Shang dynasty (1600 - 1046 BC) jade dragon:

Carved stone bricks from the neolithic site of Shimao/石峁 (~2000 BC). These were originally found in the outer walls of the site, which is why they are presented this way:

Mouth harp artifacts from Shimao culture (top one is a modern one, for comparison). There’s also a map on the many variations of mouth harps from cultures around the world, which is really cool:

Fragments of bone flutes. These were flutes fashioned from crane bones, the most famous of which were the intact flutes unearthed from the Jiahu/贾湖 site dating back to 7000 - 5700 BC, and they were still playable (first link is the 1999 Nature article regarding this discovery, second link goes to a recording of a modern musician playing the song 小白菜 on one of these bone flutes)

A Western Zhou dynasty (1046 – 771 BC) bone hairpin. There were quite a few hairpins in the exhibition, but this is my fav:

And now comes the really cool stuff: oracle/divination bones. Oracle/divination bones were animal bones that ancient Chinese people (mostly of Shang-era) used for divination. These bones have holes drilled into them in a pattern and have oracle bone script/jiaguwen/甲骨文 carved into them (the carved text consists of questions presented to the gods), and then they were heated slowly over a fire until the bone starts to crack. A priest or priestess would then interpret these cracks, as they were seen as answers from the gods, and record the answer on the bone. Sometimes these bones were used purely as records for important events:

Since oracle bone script is the oldest form of Chinese written language, it is possible to decipher the text carved onto these bones:

[moodymisty]

Emperor was born on Old Earth during prehistoric times before even the Age of Terra, somewhere in ancient central Anatolia (modern Turkey) in the 8th Millennium B.C.

The 8th millennium BC spanned the years 8000 BC to 7001 BC (c. 10 ka to c. 9 ka). In chronological terms, it is the second full millennium of the current Holocene epoch and is entirely within the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) phase of the Early Neolithic. It is impossible to precisely date events that happened around the time of this millennium and all dates mentioned here are estimates mostly based on geological and anthropological analysis, or by radiometric dating.

Because of this, the man probably gooned over figures such as Venus of Willendorf or Venus of Moravany. He HAS to be into bigger people (the exception being Malcador because they definitely fucked and the man was definitely thinner than a twig, in contrast to the Emperor's perfect, oiled form). The Emperor is a bisexual and kinky mf, with the genetic makeup going onto his sons and some of his creations

Comrade it is 5 in the morning we are not timelining the Emperor’s kinky genes right now XD

[blueiscoool]

A Very Rare 9,000-year-old Neolithic Stone Mask Unveiled

A rare stone mask from the Neolithic period has been unveiled for the first time by the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

The mask was recovered by the Anti-Robbery Unit at the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), and transferred to the Archaeology Department of the Civil Administration in Judea and Samaria for further study.

The mask was discovered near Pnei Hever, an Israeli settlement east of Hebron in the West Bank. Ronit Lupu, an archaeologist with the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) said that a man had been walking through a field when he picked up the mask from the ground and eventually turned it over to the IAA's Antiquities Theft Prevention Unit.

"This was an innocent find, and the person who found it was the person who showed us where he found it," Lupu said.

Lupu and her colleagues think the mask probably was brought to the surface by agricultural activities that disturbed the soil. The field is full of Neolithic artifacts, indicating that there is an archaeological site underground, which the researchers hope to excavate eventually, Lupu said.

According to a press statement by the IAA, the mask is made of yellow-rose limestone and was crafted during the Neolithic period around 9,000-years-ago.

Ronit Lupo from the IAA, said: “The design of the mask has facial features that are perfect and symmetrical, even shaped cheekbones, an impressive nose, and a mouth showing the teeth”.

Only 16 stone masks from this period have been unearthed, many of which were discovered in the southern area of the Mount Hebron-Jehuda Desert. They all share similar traits and characteristics in their production, suggesting that they belong to the same Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) culture group.

People living during this period saw the onset of the Agricultural Revolution and relied heavily upon domesticated animals to supplement their earlier agrarian and hunter-gatherer diet.

PPNB sites found in the Levant feature human skulls covered in layers of plaster or buried beneath the floors of ancient dwellings. According to experts, this type of activity represents an early form of ancestor worship. “These stone masks are somewhat similar to human faces, and so they tend to be linked to this worship,” added Lupo.

The PPNB culture disappeared during the 8.2 kiloyear event, a term that climatologists have adopted for a sudden decrease in global temperatures that occurred approximately 8,200-years-ago and lasted for up to two centuries.

A representative of the IAA explained: “The discovery of the mask confirms our assumption that the southern area of Mount Hebron was a centre for the production of stone masks, and apparently also for religious activity in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic.”

By Mark Milligan and Megan Gannon.

[leahbasavraham]

The carved human face belongs to a very rare group of stone masks, dating back 9,000 years, found in the Judean Desert and on its outskirts. The eye sockets and gaping mouth endow the mask with its striking expression, whether dumbfounded or menacing, evoking a human skull. The holes on either side may have served to attach hair to the mask in order to give it a more human appearance, or to suspend it from a pillar, a statue, or a human face, for use in ancestor cults or in magic rituals such as divination and healing.

Credit: Gift of Laurence and Wilma Tisch, New York, purchasers of the Dayan Collection

The Israel Museum, Jerusalem

Pre-pottery Neolithic

[whencyclopedia]

Neolithic Period

The term Neolithic Period refers to the last stage of the Stone Age - a term coined in the late 19th century CE by scholars which covers three different periods: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. The Neolithic period is significant for its megalithic architecture, the spread of agricultural practices, and the use of polished stone tools.

Chronology

The term Neolithic or New Stone Age is most frequently used in connection with agriculture, which is the time when cereal cultivation and animal domestication was introduced. Because agriculture developed at different times in different regions of the world, there is no single date for the beginning of the Neolithic. In the Near East, agriculture was developed around 9,000 BCE, in Southeast Europe around 7,000 BCE, and later in other regions. Even within a specific region, agriculture developed during different times. For example, agriculture first developed in Southeast Europe about 7,000 BCE, in Central Europe about 5,500 BCE, and Northern Europe about 4,000 BCE. In East Asia, the Neolithic goes from 6000 to 2000 BCE.

Pottery is another element that makes the dating of the Neolithic problematic. In some regions, the appearance of pottery is considered a symbol of the Neolithic, but this notion makes the term Neolithic even more ambiguous, since the use of pottery does not always occur after agriculture: in Japan, pottery appears before agriculture, while in the Near East agriculture pre-dates pottery production.

All these factors make the starting point of the Neolithic somewhat fuzzy. It should be remembered that the origin of the term lies in a late 19th century CE classification system (detailed above) and we must keep in mind its limitations.

Continue reading...

[fromthedust]

Dilhaar - THE DREAM IS GONE Dilhaar (green skull) Dilhaar (purple skull) Dilhaar (sketchbook skull) - ink Lord Ego - Idèe Fixe - 2021 Andrea Chiampo - (skeleton within skull) Jeremy Mann - Homo Sapien - charcoal on paper - 8"x 10½" - 2013 skull with clay and shell - Jericho, Palestine - from the pre-pottery Neolithic period skull & crossbones - mosaic George Rozen - detail of cover painting for The Shadow - The Creeper & Death’s Masquerade La Tène copper crown & its owner - Kent England - c. 250-150 BCE (skull in space helmet) Mictlantecuhtli - the God of Death - Aztec Godmachine - Not Waving, Drowning - woodcut Memento Mori - a tomb Inscription In Anwoth Old Kirk, Ireland Thomas Elliott - Yorick - oil on doorskin - 6"x 4" - 2008 Thomas Elliott - skull study - oil Thomas Elliott - skull study - oil Thomas Elliott - Skull - 4''x 6'' - 2009 skulls from the Last Judgement mosaic - the west wall of the nave of Torcello Cathedral Wayne Taylor - Black Skull - photography child skull doll Robert Mappelthorpe - Skull + Crossbones - photography

[bagdemagus]

Karahan Tepe, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (ca. 11,000-9,000 BCE) site in Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey

[historyfiles]

Mureybetian Culture: the Mureybetian appeared as a sub-phase or regional variant of the PPNA on the west bank of the Euphrates (in today's Raqqa governorate of northern Syria), on a settlement mound or tell which is known as Mureybet.

[mirtadraws]

This year's #Inktober is about #Palestine.

Day 17: Jericho. One of the first human settlements ever, Jericho has been inhabited by many people groups and cultures throughout the centuries. Today it's a Palestinian city in the West Bank. It's famous for the plaster skulls belonging to a neolithic culture known as "Pre-Pottery Neolithic". However, those are too creepy to draw so I drew this statue instead, belonging to the same culture and location.

[dknuth]

Back to the Neolithic

The site Gobekli Tepe is a famous pre-Pottery Neolithic site that has been excavated over the last 20+ years. It is significant as an extensive religious/ceremonial site from a pre-agricultural civilization. That wasn't assumed to have happened. The standard belief was hunter-gatherers started collecting grains for replanting, then developed settlements, and only then built large public buildings. Gobekli Tepe turned this on its head: a pre-agricultural site from 10,000 B.C.!

The amazing thing for me was seeing stone construction over 6,000 years older than less advanced construction in the Shetland and Orkney Islands last month.

The large vertical slabs used as roof supports would be impressive enough, but they have been carefully shaped into "T"s—essentially columns with capitals! In addition, the faces of the columns are carved with animals and human figures.

The complex includes multiple buildings of different sizes but the same design. Ground surveys revealed numerous additional buildings.

The site is on the brow of a hill overlooking a broad, fertile valley.

One question is why the change to a Neolithic life happened here so early. One explanation is that this locale had a broad range of wild grains and animals, including many that could be domesticated. It is

It is also at the center of the fertile crescent, which extends from the Levant along the Mediterranean coast to the Tigris-Euphrates valley. Any new developments in this area would have spread throughout.

We have been reading about Gobekli Tepe for years, but I was unaware of the 3-dimensional sculptures discovered at the site. The local museum had a collection on display.

[cupofmeat]

Stone mask, Peni-Hever, Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period, 8th millennium BCE. Red dolomitic limestone.

[andean-deer]

tagging system for andean-deer (deer god)

🦌

SUPPORT

ayni — reciprocity, for community organizations

yanapa — aid, for individuals or families

LIFE

sumaq kawsay — living life deliciously

ñuqa — me … (ñuqapta — mine)

shunqu kamasqa — things i cherish / heart artifacts

shunqu allpa — places i love / heart lands

uyakuna — faces

shimikuna — words

runakuna — people (warmikuna — women, qarikuna — men)

ayllu — family / herd / pride / clan

🏺🏷️ — trowellers

☀️🌙 — two-spiritedness

🌈 — queerness

🦏 — butchness

🦋 — transness

⎇ — alterhumanity

⛓️ — kinkiness

t’ipip — sex

chawpit’ipip — intersex (i am not intersex, but want to make it clear that this is a safe space for intersex people. especially those of andean descent. you have every right to be here and voice your concerns.)

kamamanta — gender

yananchay — sexuality

yuquy — sexual intercourse

pampayruna — sex workers

wachaytaqkuna — parents (mamakuna — mothers, taytakuna — fathers)

wawakuna — babies

warikuna — siblings

masikuna — friends

qatu — markets / the vibe

🕯️🪶— a circling of condors: the cycles

wañuy & ismuy — death & decay: vulture culture tag

uywakuna — animals

yurakuna — plants

waytakuna — flowers

llamakuna — llamas

pakukuna — alpacas

wanakukuna — guanacos

wikuñakuna — vicuñas

lluychukuna — cervidae

asukakuna — pinnipeds

ukukukuna — bears

allqukuna — canines

usqukuna — felines

atuqkuna — culpeos

pishqukuna — birds

urpikuna — doves, pigeons

tapyamach’aqwaykuna — caecilians

ararankakuna — lizards

mach’aqwaykuna — snakes

challwakuna — fish

palamakuna — insects

suntukuna — beetles

pillpintukuna — butterflies

wakakuna — bovines

wisuntikuna — bison

antilupikuna — antelopes

qasillikuna — gazelles

sasínkuna — indian antelopes

sprinqwukkuna — springboks

hirinukkuna — gerenuks

tiwataqkuna — dibatags

kichkawaqrakuna — pronghorns

chitakuna — sheep

kawrakuna — goats

kawallukuna — equines

hyinakuna — hyaenidae

surrukuna — foxes

tiwrunkuna — sharks

wallina tiwrunkuna — whale sharks

ART

kapchiy — art

taki kapchiy — music

ruk’asqa kapchiy — digital art

kawsachiy — animation

kuyu walltaykuna — films

llimpiykuna — paintings

achala — jewelry

muru llamk’ay — beadwork

p’achakuna — textiles

pallaykuna — patterns

ch’iquy — sculpture

k’aprakuna — pottery / ceramics

pukllanakuna — toys / figurines

willarinakuna — stories, tales, and books

arawikuna — poetry

TIME

pachakuti — revolution & upheaval

ñawpa pacha — yesterday / the past

mawk’arumi pacha — paleolithic / old stone age

chullunku pacha — pleistocene / ice age

rimasqa ruwakipay — oral tradition

mushuqrumi pacha — neolithic / new stone age

qillqasqa pacha — literate age

runamasi pacha — pre-inka period

tawantinsuyu pacha — inka period

kamaychallimanta pacha — industrial age

kunan pacha — today / the present

ruk’asqa pacha — digital age

qipa pacha — tomorrow / the future

runa pacha — decolonial age

THE SACRED

[HANAQ PACHA]

Pachamama — cosmos and everything within

Tayta Inti — sun & sweat

Mama Killa — moon & tears

Pani Ch’aska Quyllur — beauty, flowers, divination, and love

Wawqi Illapa — rain, thunder, lightning, and war

Chuqi Chinchay Qaqya — great dancer!

[KAY PACHA]

Allpamama — earth, new life, and the harvest

Akshu Mama — mother potato!

Apu Urquchillay — shepherd

Mama Uqllu — motherhood, spinning and weaving

Urpi Wachaq — mother doves & fish!

Mama Nina — mother flames!

[UKU PACHA]

Mama Qutra — mother waters!

Supay — death, life, shadows, puppetry, uku pacha

Apu Urkawari — guardian of precious metals

Ñawpa Runa — those really sacred ancient ones

Ayakuna — ancestors <3

[THE FEARS]

The Hunt — primal fear

The Web — intrinsic fear

THINGS

. mikuna — for recipes & stuff

. maskapay — research & archaeology

. chaniyuq — important or helpful information

. munay — things i really really want and/or need

. q’ipina — backpack: where i put language resources

[octotomo]

Splatoon: The Vestigial Species - Design Ideas (West Asia)

If you have not viewed the main post first, please do so. Otherwise, here is a list of archaeological cultures which you are free to choose from to use as an inspiration when designing your human society!

Upper Paleolithic/Mesolithic

Kebaran Culture

Natufian Culture

Neolithic

Khiamian Culture

Pre-Pottery Neolithic

Halaf Culture

Hassuna Culture

Ubaid Period

Chalcolithic

Uruk Period

Bronze Age

Jemdet Nasr Period

Early Dynastic Period

Akkadian Empire

Gutian Dynasty

Third Dynasty of Ur

Isin-Larsa Period

Early Assyrian Period

Old Assyrian Period

Middle Assyrian Empire

Old Babylonian Empire

First Sealand Dynasty

Middle Babylonian Empire

Ebla

Elam

Yamhad

Mitanni

Kingdom of Qatna

Hittite Empire

Pre-Islamic Arabia

Kura-Araxes Culture

Jiroft Culture

Canaan

[whataniceone2]

Urfa Man

11,000 year old statue found in Upper Mesopotamia in SE Turkey

This is believed to be the oldest life-sized stone statue. It dates from the period called Pre-pottery Neolithic