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doranrun · 2 months

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Phosphorus Oxychloride: A Reactive Chemical with Diverse Applications

Phosphorus oxychloride, also known as phosphoryl chloride or POCl3, is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. This highly reactive inorganic compound finds applications in various fields due to its unique properties. This article delves into the world of phosphorus oxychloride, exploring its chemical structure, production methods, key reactions, and its diverse uses across industries.

Unveiling the Chemistry: Structure and Properties

Phosphorus oxychloride boasts the chemical formula POCl3. It possesses a trigonal pyramidal structure, where a central phosphorus atom (P) bonds with three chlorine (Cl) atoms and a single oxygen (O) atom. The lone pair of electrons on the P atom creates the pyramidal shape. This molecule exhibits several noteworthy physical and chemical properties:

Physical Properties: Phosphorus oxychloride is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a boiling point of 107 °C and a freezing point of -101 °C. It is denser than water (density: 1.61 g/cm³) and readily absorbs moisture from the air, releasing white fumes of hydrochloric acid (HCl) gas.

Chemical Properties: POCl3 is a highly reactive Lewis acid, readily accepting electron pairs. It readily hydrolyzes in water, releasing phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and HCl. It reacts with various organic compounds, serving as a chlorinating, dehydrating, and phosphorylating agent.

Synthesis of Phosphorus Oxychloride: Common Methods

There are two primary methods for synthesizing phosphorus oxychloride:

Reaction of Phosphorus Pentachloride (PCl5) with Phosphorus Trioxide (P2O3): This method involves heating PCl5 and P2O3 together in a controlled environment. The reaction proceeds as follows:

PCl5 + P2O3 → 3POCl3

Reaction of Phosphorus with Chlorine and Oxygen: This method directly reacts elemental phosphorus (P) with chlorine (Cl2) and oxygen (O2) at high temperatures. However, this process requires careful control to prevent the formation of unwanted byproducts.

A Versatile Player: Key Reactions of Phosphorus Oxychloride

Phosphorus oxychloride undergoes various reactions, making it a valuable tool in organic synthesis. Let's explore some key reactions:

Chlorination: POCl3 acts as a chlorinating agent, replacing hydroxyl (OH) groups with chlorine atoms in organic molecules. For example, reacting ethanol (CH3CH2OH) with POCl3 yields chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl).

Dehydration: POCl3 can remove water molecules from organic compounds. This is useful for converting alcohols to alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).

Phosphorylation: POCl3 reacts with alcohols and phenols to introduce a phosphate group (PO3) into the molecule. This reaction is crucial for synthesizing flame retardants and plasticizers.

Hydrolysis: Phosphorus oxychloride readily reacts with water to form phosphoric acid and HCl. This exothermic reaction releases significant heat and fumes.

Applications Unveiled: Where is Phosphorus Oxychloride Used?

The diverse reactivity of phosphorus oxychloride translates into a wide range of applications across various sectors:

Flame Retardants: POCl3 is a vital precursor for flame retardants used in textiles, plastics, and electrical components. It reacts with organic compounds to introduce fire-resistant phosphate groups.

Plasticizers: POCl3 plays a role in synthesizing plasticizers that enhance the flexibility of plastics used in various products like hoses, wires, and coatings.

Dyes and Pigments: POCl3 is used in the production of certain dyes and pigments by introducing the desired functional groups into organic molecules.

Pharmaceuticals: POCl3 finds use in the synthesis of some pharmaceutical intermediates and drugs due to its ability to modify organic structures.

Flame Retardant Coatings: POCl3 can be used to create flame retardant coatings for wood and other materials.

Insecticides: Some older insecticides employed phosphorus oxychloride in their formulation. However, due to environmental and safety concerns, such applications are less common today.

Safety Considerations: Handling Phosphorus Oxychloride with Caution

Phosphorus oxychloride is a highly reactive and corrosive compound that requires careful handling due to the following safety concerns:

Corrosivity: POCl3 can severely corrode skin, eyes, and respiratory tissues upon contact.

Fumes: Hydrolysis with moisture readily releases HCl fumes, which can cause respiratory irritation.

Flammability: POCl3 can react vigorously with flammable materials and ignite spontaneously in some cases.

Therefore, it is crucial to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, goggles, and a respirator when working with phosphorus oxychloride. Additionally, proper ventilation and handling procedures are essential to avoid accidents and injuries.

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legendarypersonconnoisseur · 1 year

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thesammathew · 2 years

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Importance of Phosphorus Oxychloride in an Industrial Chemical

Phosphorus Oxychloride is yellow, oily chemical and has a strong odor. It is used as a chlorinating agent, in the manufacture of semiconductors, petroleum additives, plasticizers, hydraulic liquids, and organophosphorus compounds such as pesticides. Maximum 14.0 lb / gal. It is very toxic in smell and absorbs metals and tissues. It is used as an additive in petrol and liquid pressure. Industrial chemicals are chemicals that are designed to be used in the chemical industry. Some industrial chemicals are only used in industrial production systems and many others are used as additives in commercial products from consumer markets. The range of industrial chemicals is wide, including: solutions, reactants, lubricants, coatings, dyes, paints, inks, mastics, stabilizers, plasticizers, fragrances, flame retardants, conductors and insulators. Significant exposure to these many chemicals can lead to harmful effects on humans or the environment. Other industrial chemicals are POPs. Industrial chemicals are chemicals that are designed to be used in the chemical industry.

Introduction:

Industrial chemicals are widely used in all kinds of industries. Although the use of these

chemicals have played a major role in the development of industry and society in the past few decades, the current pollution problems are getting worse due to

It is estimated that between 60,000 and 90,000 chemicals are currently used commercially. Industrial chemicals are released by ripening, leakage or leakage, either during product life or after final disposal. While not all of these hazardous substances can be toxic, many can cause environmental pollution due to leaks during storage, from natural use or to their disposal - either directly, or the waste it contains. Apart from industrial use, a large amount of chemicals are used in domestic products so its use and disposal is less controlled than industrial chemicals.

Phosphorus Oxychloride and Its Uses:

Phosphorus Oxychloride does not have a bright yellow, smoky, oily color with a strong odor. It is used as a chlorinating agent, in the manufacture of semiconductors, petroleum additives, plasticizers, hydraulic liquids, and organophosphorus compounds such as pesticides. It is used as a dehydration agent in the preparation of nitrils from the main amides. It is also used as a dehydration agent in response to Bischler-Napieralski. Phosphorus oxychloride is also used in the preparation of Vilsmeier reagent, which is an important part of the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction.

POCl3 reacts with water to provide hydrogen chloride and phosphoric acid,

O = PCl3 + 3 H2O → O = P (OH) 3 + 3 HCl

The modifiers are isolated, including pyrophosphoryl chloride, P2O3Cl4.

When treated with high alcohol and phenols, POCl3 gives phosphate esters:

O = PCl3 + 3 ROH → O = P (OR) 3 + 3 HCl

Such reactions are usually performed in the presence of an HCl receptor such as pyridine or amine.

POCl3 can also act as a basis for Lewis, forming supplements with various Lewis acids such as titanium tetrachloride:

Cl3PO + TiCl4 → Cl3POTiCl4

In another commercial application, phosphoryl chloride is used in the production of phosphate esters. Triaryl Phosphates such as triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate are used as flame retardants and PVC plasticisers. Trialkyl Phosphates such as tributyl phosphate are used as chemicals to extract liquid in nuclear regeneration and elsewhere. In the semiconductor field, POCl3 is used as a safe source of phosphorus liquid in distribution processes. Phosphorus acts as a dopant used to create layers n in silicon wafer. Phosphorus trichloride is also a rare compound with the chemical formula PCl₃. Pure liquid, a pure chemical, is an important industrial chemical, used in the production of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. It is toxic and reacts violently with water to release hydrogen chloride.

Conclusion:

Sandhya Group produces industrial chemicals such as Phosphorus Trichloride, Phosphorus Oxychloride, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Phosphorus pentachloride. It is very important in the chemical industry and the chemical industry.

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marketidea · 2 years

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winttube · 2 years

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Jingwei wan

Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science.Web of Science ResearcherID: Q-7959-2019.This current discovery could address the urgent need for treatment that could provide an effective alternative to invasive surgery. Brain swelling after a stroke or epilepsy is a common and devastating problem for individuals and their families. NCC, NKCC2, NKCC1, KCC2 and KCC3, and their upstream regulatory mechanism by the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 signalling pathway in mammalian cells and tissues under physiological and pathological conditions (Cell Metabolism 2017 Nature Medicine 2017 Nature Communications 2017 eLife 2018 Neuron 2019 Science Signalling 2019a, 2019b Molecular Psychiatry 2021 and Genetics in Medicine 2022), and subsequently led to the development of a drug-like molecular ZT-1a (Nature Communications 2020 Stroke 2022 US Patent WO2020072386, European Patent EP3873439 (A1), Canadian Patent CA3115075 (A1), China Patent CN113365614 (A)), as a neuroprotective agent. Recent research in Zhang Laboratory has greatly improved our understanding of the function of Chloride ion transporters, e.g. In 2017, Jinwei joined the Faculty of the University of Exeter Medical School, where his KCC2/ NKCC1 investigations can gain greater impact by integration with the clinical resources and basic science research at The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Since 2014, Jinwei's research focused on CU元/KLH元-WNKs-SPAK/OSR1-cation chloride cotransporters (CCCs) signalling in cellular chloride homeostasis and cell volume regulation in collaboration with Professor Kristopher Kahle at Yale University School of Medicine. While there, he studied LRRK2 associated Parkinson's disease, and contributed to the discovery of the most potent LRRK2 kinase inhibitors TAE684 and TTT3002, most selective LRRK2 inhibitor GSK2578215A, and the first brain penetrable LRRK2 inhibitors HG-10-102-01 and JH-II-127. Since 2011, Jinwei pursued his interest in cellular signalling with a post-doctoral fellowship at the Medical Research Council (MRC)- Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Unit (PPU) in Dundee with Professor Dario Alessi (FRS), and with Professor Nathanael Gray at Harvard Medical School. While there, he studied natural bioactive compounds and their applications in human health. He then obtained a PhD degree in Biotechnology from Newcastle University UK in 2011. While there, he studied marine ecology and cold-adapted enzymes from deep-sea bacteria. He then obtained a MSc degree in Marine Microbial Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at The Third Institute of Oceanography (Xiamen), State Oceanic Administration China in 2007. While there, he studied mutagenesis of Aspergillus niger for higher yield of multicomponent enzymes. Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, 2019ĭr Jinwei Zhang obtained a BSc degree in Bioengineering from Fujian Normal University China in 2003.PhD, 2011, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.MSc, 2007, Xiamen University (Xiamen City), and the Third Institute of Oceanography (Xiamen City), State Oceanic Administration, China.BSc, 2003, Fujian Normal University (Fuzhou City), China.All these studies concern with elucidating and targeting ion transporters, kinases, protein-protein interactions using genetic mouse models, mass spectrometry, small molecules, electrophysiology, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technologies to aid discovery and validation of new potential drug targets. He studies signalling pathways that associated with human diseases, for examples, the neurodegenerative diseases including the LRRK2 associated Parkinson's disease (PD), the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Tau associated Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy (WNK-SPAK-KCC2), High Blood Pressure & Kidney Disease (CU元/KLH元-WNK-SPAK-NCC) etc. He gained a solid theory and practice of training in the field of natural bioactive compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, enzymology, pharmacology, drug discovery, signaling transduction and electrophysiology during his academic degrees and postdoc trainings. Dr Jinwei Zhang has a very wide-ranging expertise, which makes him uniquely positioned to develop research at the interface between fields.

#Jingwei wan

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yes-lazystudentconnoisseur-fan · 3 years

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Top POCl3 Manufacturer in India & Its Benefits ?

Summary:

Phosphorus Oxychloride is a yellow, oily chemical and has a strong odor. It is used as a chlorinating agent, in the manufacture of semiconductors, petroleum additives, plasticizers, hydraulic liquids, and organophosphorus compounds such as pesticides.

Maximum 14.0 lb / gal. It is highly toxic and absorbs metals and tissues. It is used as an additive in petrol and liquid pressure. Industrial chemicals are chemicals that are designed to be used in the chemical industry. Some industrial chemicals are only used in industrial production systems and many others are used as additives in commercial products from consumer markets. The range of industrial chemicals is wide, including: solutions, reactants, lubricants, coatings, dyes, paints, inks, mastics, stabilizers, plasticizers, perfumes, flame retardants, conductors and and insulators. Significant exposure to these many chemicals can lead to harmful effects on humans or the environment. Sandhya Group is the Phosphorus Oxychloride manufacturer in India.

Introduction:

Industrial chemicals are widely used in all kinds of industries. Although the use of these chemicals have played a major role in the development of industry and society over the past few decades, and current pollution problems are getting worse due to It is estimated that between 60,000 and 90,000 chemicals are currently used commercially. Industrial chemicals are released by ripening, leakage or leakage, either during product life or after final disposal. While not all of these hazardous substances can be toxic, many can cause environmental pollution due to leaks during storage, from natural use or to their disposal - either directly, or the waste it contains. Apart from industrial use, a large amount of chemicals are used in domestic products so its use and disposal is less controlled than industrial chemicals.

Phosphorus Oxychloride and Its Uses:

Phosphorus Oxychloride does not have a yellowish, smoky, oily color with a strong odor. It is used as a chlorinating agent, in the manufacture of semiconductors, petroleum additives, plasticizers, hydraulic liquids, and organophosphorus compounds such as pesticides. It is used as a dehydration agent in the preparation of nitrils from large amides. It is also used as a dehydration agent in response to Bischler-Napieralski. Phosphorus oxychloride is also used in the preparation of Vilsmeier reagent, which is an important part of the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. Sandhya Group provides best industrial chemical as they are the premium pocl3 manufacturers in india.

O = PCl3 + 3 H2O → O = P (OH) 3 + 3 HCl

Separated modifiers, including pyrophosphoryl chloride, P2O3Cl4.

When treated with alcohol and phenols, POCl3 provides phosphate esters:

O = PCl3 + 3 ROH → O = P (OR) 3 + 3 HCl

Such reactions are usually carried out in the presence of an HCl receptor such as pyridine or amine.

POCl3 can also act as a basis for Lewis, forming supplements with various Lewis acids such as titanium tetrachloride:

Cl3PO + TiCl4 → Cl3POTiCl4

In another commercial application, phosphoryl chloride is used in the production of phosphate esters. Triaryl Phosphates such as triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate are used as flame retardants and PVC plasticisers. Trialkyl Phosphates such as tributyl phosphate are used as chemical extracts in nuclear regeneration and elsewhere. In the semiconductor field, POCl3 is used as a safe source of phosphorus liquid in distribution processes. Phosphorus acts as a dopant used to create layers n in silicon wafer. Phosphorus trichloride is also an uncommon compound with the chemical formula PCl₃. Pure liquid, pure chemical, is an important industrial chemical, used in the production of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. It is toxic and reacts violently with water to release hydrogen chloride.

Conclusion:

Sandhya Group produces industrial chemicals such as Phosphorus Trichloride, Phosphorus Oxychloride, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Phosphorus pentachloride. It is very important in the chemical industry and the chemical industry.

#sandhya group #Phosphorus Oxychloride #manufacturer #phosphoryl chloride

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augurhound-a · 3 years

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does 02 make his poison or is it something his body natural produces. is it actual venom or just outright poison?

both! 02's natural venom is a biotoxin that contains a potent catalytic derived from tetrahydropiperine compounds and sulfo carbamoyl. this makes it similar in function to a shellfish or seafaring aquatic life's toxin. it's produced in his body naturally and is potent enough to knock down a 2000 pound bull and leave it paralyzed for up to 3 hours. it doesn't halt mental faculties, only physical ones. this toxin will naturally renew by isolated chemical compounds and filtering through his body's microfabricators, which are tiny reconstructive engines in his machinery that repair small maintenance bruises, strains, and tears. 02 has a regenerative skin and metal procedure because of them (it's simply not feasible to have to fix every little skin laceration or contusion he gets on his metal).

02 can alter his venoms himself by opening up his toxin scrubbers and biotoxin reactors and introducing foreign chemicals to brew a more powerful venom. for instance, if 02 wanted to mimic 04's combat platform venom, he would introduce alkaline hydrolsis and would bond a diethylamine with a reacted lysergic acid by combining phosphoryl chloride and peptide coupling agents. he would then combine said mixture with chlorobenzophenone that has reacted with hydrazine and would perform several other steps including boiling the mixture in a triethyl orthoacetate.

(for the record, this combines LSD with xanax to create a powerful sedative and hallucinogen, which is what 04's venom does).

it's a small hobby of 02 to churn out new toxins in his body by fucking around with his biotoxin reactors and just seeing what he can make. none of the pack dare talk about the time he fucked up and somehow ended up with a mild disinfectant instead of a toxin intended to cause severe hemmorhagic shock and skin necrosis.

#anonymous.#◊ ask.#◊ headcanon.#hurls chemistry all over your dash

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chemicalsubstancesworld · 3 years

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Phosphorus Trichloride Industry Leading Countries, Challenges, Five Forces Analysis, Trends, Drivers, Forecast to 2027

Phosphorus Trichloride Top Key Players

Some of the prominent manufacturers in the global phosphorus trichloride market are Monsanto Company (the U.S.), Solvay (Belgium), Merck KGaA (Germany), LAXNESS (Germany), PCC Rokita (Poland), ICL (Israel), SANDHYA GROUP (India), Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher Scientific (the U.S.), Parchem fine & specialty chemicals (New York), and Xuzhou Jianping Chemical Co., Ltd (China).

Description :

Global Phosphorus Trichloride Market: By Application (Chemical Intermediate, Agrochemicals, a Gasoline Additive, Plasticizer, Pharmaceuticals and others) and Region - Forecast till 2027

Keywords :

Phosphorus Trichloride Market, Phosphorus Trichloride Industry, Phosphorus Trichloride Market Size, Phosphorus Trichloride Market Share, Phosphorus Trichloride Market Growth

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Report : https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/phosphorus-trichloride-market-5732

Phosphorus Trichloride Market Analysis

Phosphorus trichloride is a white with a yellow colored chemical compound of phosphorus and chlorine. The product is majorly used as a chemical intermediate and is a precursor to the formation of various chemicals such as phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), phosphoryl chloride (POCl3), and thiophosphoryl chloride (PSCl3).

The global phosphorus trichloride market is primarily driven by growing demand from its major application such as chemical synthesis, agrochemicals, gasoline additives, plastic stabilizers, pharmaceuticals, and others. The chemical synthesis and agrochemicals segment are together driving the growth of the global phosphorus trichloride market. Phosphorus trichloride is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of organophosphonates, which are used as cleaners, chelating agents, corrosion inhibitors, and anti-scaling agent for water treatment, which is likely to propel the market growth.

The increasing population along with their increasing consumption of food and the lack of arable land drive the need for agrochemicals, which, in turn, fuels the phosphorus trichloride market growth. Further, the use of phosphorus trichloride in the production of gasoline and oil additives is projected to surge the market growth due to the demand for efficient and qualitative fuel from the transportation and automotive sectors.

Additionally, it is also used as a plasticizer and is a raw material to the drug used for prevention of heart and sexually transmitted diseases, which may fuel the market growth in the coming years.

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Regional Analysis

The global phosphorus chloride market is segmented into five major regions namely Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

The Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the global phosphorus trichloride market due to the high demand for chemical and agrochemical industries. The use of phosphorus trichloride in the manufacturing of fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides is the major driver of the market in this region owing to the need for better crop productivity and high yield.

The high demand for phosphorus trichloride from robust chemical industries drives the market in the North American region. Furthermore, the demand for pharmaceuticals in the U.S. drives the market growth positively.

The chemicals and plastics & polymers industries are the major driver of the phosphorus trichloride market in the European region.

The Latin American market is driven by the increased product demand for manufacturing plasticizers with Brazil and Argentina being the major countries.

Lastly, the Middle East & Africa is anticipated to showcase a significant growth on account of the increasing demand for agrochemicals and pesticides.

Read more at: https://onmogul.com/stories/purified-terephthalic-acid-pta-market-size-share-trend-growth-global-forecast-2027

https://onmogul.com/stories/sodium-methylate-market-trends-share-analysis-industry-size-2027-8cf0592d-cfc2-4044-bb13-b67759a7a935

NOTE: Our Team of Researchers is Studying Covid19 and its Impact on Various Industry Verticals and wherever required we will be considering Covid19 Footprints for Better Analysis of Market and Industries. Cordially get in Touch for More Details.

#Phosphorus Trichloride Market Share Phosphorus Trichloride Market Growth

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doranrun · 3 months

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Phosphorus Oxychloride: A Versatile yet Reactive Chemical

Phosphorus oxychloride, also known as phosphoryl chloride or POCl₃, is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. This inorganic compound holds a unique position in the world of chemistry due to its combination of phosphorus and chlorine atoms. This article delves into the properties, production, applications, and safety considerations surrounding phosphorus oxychloride.

Chemical Properties:

Formula: POCl₃

Molar mass: 137.94 g/mol

Melting point: -1.5 °C

Boiling point: 105.6 °C

Density: 1.62 g/cm³

Solubility: Reacts violently with water, soluble in most organic solvents

Phosphorus oxychloride possesses a trigonal pyramidal structure, where a phosphorus atom sits at the center bonded to three chlorine atoms and a single oxygen atom. Due to the electronegativity difference between phosphorus and oxygen, the P-O bond exhibits a partial positive charge, making POCl₃ a Lewis acid. Additionally, the presence of polar P-Cl bonds contributes to its overall polarity.

Production Methods:

Several methods exist for the production of phosphorus oxychloride, but the most common involves the direct reaction between phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅) and phosphorus trichloride (PCl₃) at elevated temperatures:

PCl₅ + PCl₃ → 3 POCl₃

This reaction produces POCl₃ along with some unreacted starting materials. Distillation techniques are then employed to isolate and purify the desired product.

Chemical Reactivity:

Phosphorus oxychloride is a highly reactive molecule, readily undergoing hydrolysis when exposed to water. This hydrolysis produces phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and hydrochloric acid (HCl):

POCl₃ + 3 H₂O → H₃PO₄ + 3 HCl

This vigorous reaction releases significant amounts of heat, making POCl₃ a potential fire and explosion hazard. Similarly, POCl₃ reacts violently with alcohols, amines, and other organic compounds containing reactive hydrogens.

Applications:

Despite its reactivity, phosphorus oxychloride finds applications in various industries due to its versatility. Here's a glimpse into some key uses:

Flame retardants: POCl₃ is used in the production of flame retardants for textiles, plastics, and other materials. It reacts with hydroxyl groups (OH) present in these materials, forming phosphate esters that act as fire barriers.

Plasticizers: POCl₃ can be used to introduce phosphate groups into plasticizers, enhancing their flexibility and flame resistance.

Organic synthesis: Phosphorus oxychloride plays a crucial role in various organic syntheses. It acts as a chlorinating agent, dehydrating agent, and a phosphorylating agent. For instance, it can convert alcohols to alkyl chlorides and carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides.

Herbicides: Certain derivatives of POCl₃ exhibit herbicidal properties, making them useful for weed control in agricultural settings.

Batteries: Research suggests potential applications of POCl₃ electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries.

Safety Considerations:

Due to its high reactivity, handling phosphorus oxychloride requires strict safety protocols. Here are some essential precautions to take:

Personal protective equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate PPE, including safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, full-face shield, and a laboratory coat, when working with POCl₃.

Fume hood utilization: All manipulations involving POCl₃ should be carried out in a well-ventilated fume hood to prevent inhalation of harmful fumes.

Moisture control: Stringent measures are necessary to prevent exposure of POCl₃ to moisture, as it can lead to a violent reaction. Sealed containers under inert atmosphere are recommended for storage.

Spill response: Spills of POCl₃ require immediate response. Neutralizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate or soda ash can be used cautiously to manage the reaction and prevent further hazards.

Conclusion:

Phosphorus oxychloride demonstrates the intricate interplay between elements in chemistry. While its reactivity poses safety challenges, its unique properties contribute to various applications across industries. Understanding its chemical behavior and taking necessary precautions is crucial for safe and effective utilization of this versatile compound.

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dradelcra · 4 years

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What the hell is in HJ-7???

(or possibly as close as an amateur can get)(Re-Upload)

(pt 1, because figuring fictional science is actually hard)

I apologize, this was originally colour coded for easier reading but adding the ‘keep reading tab’ only exists on the laptop and it neutralizes the lovely colours. I had highlighted important elements, chemicals and sections of the chemical’s reaction.

Nonsense below:

Now we already know that this chemical concoction is practically a thing of magic. Now whatever the heck that salt Dr. Jekyll was using is surely important because it’s state of purity is what makes or breaks the man.

Salts, in chemistry, are electrically neutral ionic compounds of oppositely charged ions. What does that mean? Opposites do attract (or in this case ying and yang it out). That probs explains why the salt ingredient is so important (lmao, cause y'know hyde (-) and jekyll (+). Anyways, we aren’t on that rn. We are on chemistry not philosophy.

There are a bunch of ‘white’ salts (irl), and since Robert (author) himself doesn’t know how the 'potion’ worked, we can assume that it’s something of some fiction monstrosity of something that actually exists. Might just be table salt.

Sorry, just had to pause this to say that, in my curse of events:

EVEN IN FICTIONS SOMETHING EITHER HAPPENS BEFORE OR AFTER MY DAY OF BIRTH. IT’S A CURSE I AM TELLING YOU!

Anyways, back to the analysis (i will be saying this often because this is being typed with my train of thought).

The thing that all salts have in common, is as I forementioned, the opposite ions (+ and -) which cancel each other,making it neutral and that it occurs in a solid state. (bookmark this because we’ll be needing her later in the text).

There are also some powders and a phial- i don’t major in chemistry, what the hell is a phial?

Ah okay, so you have the audacity to make me feel dumb by using alt names but can’t name your chemicals, huh ROBERT??

wait, phial glass? Is that how it’s spelt? I always heard the term but-

Anyways,

HJ-7 consists of phosphorus at least, being mixed with other contents, causing it to be red and pungent (Please note that phosphorus can be naturally (or as natural as it can get through heating) red.

Also (if it is red phosphorus):

This shit is not made for human consumption, no wonder Jekyll felt like he was dying.

It typically doesn’t dissolve in most liquids. It does, however, combine with halogens…

But, when we go further in text to 'colour change’, then it likely isn’t red phosphorus.

Phosphorus, also comes in a purple form (known as scarlet/violet phosphorus) but that’s derived from white phosphorus dissolved in carbon disulfide (and low-key being evaporated by the sun), but here Hyde jumps straight from a red liquid to a violet one.

That could possibly mean white phosphorus was in the red liquid, and was possibly mixed with carbon disulfide (and something to simulate the radiation of solar energy) to turn it purple. (being generous and assuming that the mixture changed because of phosphorus being the main element and not something else).

Crystals, I’m guessing refers to the salt, brightened the red mixture and caused witchy bubbly (effervescence).

Me: Proceeds to low-key cry.

I should also mention that carbon disulfide (contaminated with impurites, which is basically whatever isn’t it) gives off a foul-odur, or how you say pungent.

Bubbly or effervescence, presented in the text, is usually due to a chemical reaction producing oxygen (as far as I know).

Okay, bringing back the salt tab. I think it may be Sodium Bisulfate, one, because it’s chemical formula contains oxygen (NaHSO4), two, it is white, three, it is formed by partial neutralization of sulfuric acid by a sodium base (yes table salt can be used), and four, it is a stable and dry granular (crystal) product, thereby fitting the description of the white salt Jekyll used.

Now, why did I highlight neutralization? Because it can go wrong. (If I’m right, purity means that it’s the chemical compound of the item alone with no other additives, so say if my sodium bisulfate somehow had remains of sodium chloride during the neutralization process, then it is deemed impure).

The oxygen within the formula could possibly be released when reacting with the red phosphorus mixture, causing the effervescence, because when phosphorus reacts with oxygen it literally catches fire.

Hey, bubbles!

OH FUCK

REMEMBER THE CHEMICAL CHANGE I SPOKE OF EARLIER THAT NEEDED RADIATION.

GUESS WHAT ALSO RADIATES HEAT!!!!

FIREEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

and being supposedly compressed in a small phial (because who needs lab safety), small, whatever consistency this thing is right now, slosh would heat up rather quickly. Dare I say, very hot.

Okay, turns out Dr. Jekyll likely used a Bunsen burner instead of relying on chemical reactions to explode heat the elements. Good to know, wish Lanyon mentioned that. Forget what I said about the fire.

Please note: Phosphorus glows this colour (green).

Another addition: How do we combine the Phosphorus, remember that I said it dissolves in?

That’s right, Halogens.

And you know what’s a halogen? Bromine.

WHAT COLOUR IS BROMINE?????

FUCKING

RED

(blood-red even)

But, now we have a problem.

I don’t entirely know how everything reacts with everything but I do know this: white phosphorus+bromine makes phosphorus bromide…

and that’s clear…as in clear in colour.

At least it fumes that fits a description.

I should also mention that Phosphorus reacts a bit…explosively…with it’s solvents and sadly, it does not fit the description of Jekyll’s calm and cool sliquid (solid-liquid) creation.

Unless, boil and smoke meant, sort of blew up lab, but I survived and it’s okay.

And also, it turns out that sodium bisulfate removes halogens…yeah, our phosphorus dissolvent.

DAMNIT, IT’S FALLING APART!

So close…why couldn’t the real life chemicals react similar to the fictional unnamed chemicals??

Sadly, i’m not a quitter.

Bruh

It explodes with everythinnnnggggg!!!!

Now I know how Dr. Jekyll felt…

Alright,

slight good news.

if Jekyll somehow is able to slowly add bromine to phosphorus bromide (which violently reacted before) in an environment of 0°C followed by a slow addition of water then it shouldn’t explode and becomes phosphoryl bromide.

This is pale orange and reacts with carbon disulfide, but we aren’t doing that yet.

Slapping more water on it’s liquid form turns it into Phosphoric acid and hydrobromic acid.

Now, you may be asking…

You just wasted my time, why didn’t you just start with Phosphoric acid???

Well to be fair…it hadn’t occured to me and-

“Phosphorus is an essential part of life. When combined with oxygen to make phosphates, it holds our DNA together, makes our bones strong and carries out fundamental chemical reactions within our cells” - The Guardian

So logically…I started with it.

Alright, so Phosphorus is therefore very important in doing it’s Hyde thing.

We have (white phosphorus + bromine; assuming, pre-made outside with proper fire safety) Phosphoric acid + carbon disulfide* + ???? (red liquid) + sodium bisulfate (our salt) + heat= ????.

*I’m taking out carbon disulfide because our Phosphorus is now Phosphoric acid and we don’t need it. It will also kill if they are combined.

-End of Day 1-

Status: Failed

(What do you guys think will work? I’ll wait a bit before starting Day 2 to hear your responses).

(I’m thinking Phosphoric acid and Potassium Hydroxide since it has both phosphorus and becomes a red liquid. We can also bring back carbon disulfide if we do).

#the strange case of dr. jekyll and mr. hyde #the strange case of dr jekyll and mr hyde #dr jekyll and mr hyde #HJ7 #theory #HJ& analysis #science fiction #gothic literature #lil talks #lil texts

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sciencenewsforstudents · 5 years

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Flame retardants are going green.

Using compounds from plants, researchers are concocting a new generation of flame retardants, which one day could replace the fire-quenching chemicals added by manufacturers to furniture, electronics and other consumer products.

Many traditional synthetic flame retardants have come under fire for being linked to health problems like thyroid disruption and cancer (SN: 3/16/19, p. 14). And flame retardants that leach out of trash in landfills can persist in the environment for a long time (SN: 4/24/10, p. 12).

The scientists have not yet performed toxicity tests on the new plant-based creations. But “in general, things derived from plants are much less toxic … they’re usually degradable,” says Bob Howell, an organic chemist and polymer scientist at Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant.

Howell’s team presented the work August 26 in San Diego at the American Chemical Society’s national meeting.

The raw ingredients for these plant-based flame retardants were gallic acid — found in nuts and tea leaves — and a substance in buckwheat called 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. Treating these compounds with a chemical called phosphoryl chloride converted them into flame-retardant chemicals named phosphorus esters. Since these plant-based ingredients are common, and the chemical treatment process is straightforward, it should be relatively easy to manufacture these flame retardants on a large scale, Howell says.

A resin commonly used in electronics and vehicles typically catches fire easily (left), but a plant-based flame retardant can keep the resin from going up in flames (right). CREDIT: YOSEPH GETACHEW

Howell and colleagues tested the flame retardants in a resin used to make electronics, cars and planes. Compared with chips of pure resin, the resin laced with flame retardant took longer to go up in flames. And “it doesn’t burn for very long, once you get it going,” Howell says. Treated chips were snuffed out in less than 10 seconds, whereas untreated chips blazed until no resin remained. The experiments did not compare the plant-based flame retardants with traditional fire-resistant substances.

The researchers also measured the minimum amount of ambient oxygen required to keep the resin burning. “The higher that number, the better the flame retardant,” Howell says. In gas-filled chambers, untreated resin burned amidst just 19 percent oxygen, whereas treated resin wouldn’t burn without at least 33 percent oxygen.

#science #scied #sciblr #flame retardant #toxins #chemistry

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techlogy-news · 2 years

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lookchem · 2 years

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10025-87-3 An improved and efficient synthesis of pinene based bipyridyldiols and bipyridine

An improved and efficient synthesis of pinene based two bipyridyldiols and bipyridine is reported. For the first time, the sealed tube-pressure reaction of pinene based pyridone with phosphoryl chloride produced an excellent yield (95%) of pinene based 2-chloropyridine, which renders synthesizing pinene based bipyridyldiols a highly inexpensive and high yielding process. Moreover, highly effective reaction condition was developed for homocoupling of chloropyridine with Ni(0) that afforded pinene based bipyridine in a high yield (84%). These newly demonstrated sealed tube-pressure chlorination and homocoupling reaction of chloropyridine afford extremely effect route for the synthesis of pinene based bipyridine.

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chemicalsubstancesworld · 3 years

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Phosphorus Trichloride Industry In-depth Analysis , Competitive Outlook of the Global Industry with Future Estimations