#ph rev

[bini-style]

The girls wore these Nike Air Force 1 Mid x Off-White sneakers in white during their performance at the UP Fair 2024: REV Music Festival.

[attila-werther]

reading a rizal biography bc you can't do rizal without bonifacio and coming across a brutus-cassius conspiracy parallel in this. delicious.

[vintagelasvegas]

Sill's Drive-In, Las Vegas, c. 1952

The first 24-hour drive-in restaurant in Las Vegas, located at 1100 South 5th St (Las Vegas Blvd) and Charleston Blvd, was opened by Mr. & Mrs. James M. Sill and Thelma Louise Sill, and Orpha Sill Miller in Jan. ‘42. The Coca-Cola neon sign was replaced by the neon waitress sign in the 50s.

Sill’s was the scene where Rev. T. Malcolm Jones of Christ Church Episcopal was shot and killed by parishioner Ray Smith 1/19/55.

The drive-in became Tip Top in ‘59, demolished in '65.

Headline photos: Unknown photographer, (1) From a Las Vegas High School reunion invitation, via Jennifer Kennedy, (2) via Classiclasvegas.com

Postcard, 40s

Postcard, 40s

Postcard, stamp dated 10/14/47

Postcard, '56. The smaller building on the right was a separate restaurant at 402 E. Charleston which was in operation under different names through the 80s.

Undated. Ray W. Baldwin Photograph Collection (PH-00194), UNLV Special Collections & Archives.

Sill’s Drive-In Opens Tomorrow. Review-Journal, 1/20/42 p2

[revanexile]

revan/exile toxic yuri dialogue snippet if you careeeeeeee

(Set during the middle of a fight at the Dinner table) …. PHILOTHEA: I’ve tried so hard- REVAN: Disagreeable. PH: -And I keep on trying, R: Inconsiderate. PH: and I don’t think I could ever try hard enough for you- R: Ungrateful. PH: -for you to feel LOVED, Rev, R: Spoiled. PH: How much do you need? What could possibly make you feel loved enough? R: SELFISH. PH: I’M selfish?! How many people have to die in your war, Rev? R: (scoffs) PH: How many? Who does it have to be? Does it have to be me? R: … PH: …Does it have to be me? R: … PH: I’d do it, Revan. You know I would. R: Do I? PH: Do you want me to prove it? Do you want me to die for you? R: …You can’t. You were dead long before I met you. PH: … R: It’s why I first talked to you, y’know? (sneering) How fascinating. A living dead girl. PH: I’m not- why would- …What the fuck is wrong with you? R: I didn’t want to be your friend. I wanted to understand why no one else could see it. PH: You- you are the most wretched person I’ve ever met. R: And yet you claim to love me? PH: You claim to study me. R: At least I’m truthful. PH: You’re cruel. R: I am. Now finish your dinner. PH: … (PHILOTHEA begins to eat. REVAN silently watches from behind her mask.)

[laurentbis]

Ph. Thibault Gaëtan Dubroca, rev

[faelliely]

Relationship: Lightning McQueen/Jackson Storm

Rating: E

Jackson’s the only one who can possibly understand, the only one who’s broken his records. They’re the fastest men alive and gambling your life for a living means everything else dulls by comparison. Maybe he’s fucked up for wanting this, but he can’t blame himself for yearning the thrill, needing to feel alive.

The race had barely ended when that signature jet black sports car rolled up outside his trailer, tinted windows down and electric track pulsing through the stereo at max volume, the deep rumble of the engine rattling the door frame Lightning was leaning against. Neither of them had even had time to change out of their race suits, the adrenaline of over 200 m/ph still singing in Lightning’s veins.

“Hey, champ,” The rookie took a deep drag of his vape, exhaling the smoke around his words. “Get in.”

And he’d be lying if he didn’t say everything about Jackson’s aggravating personality was kind of hot. Really hot. Rolling his eyes he slid into the passenger seat, threw a poorly-formed excuse back at his crew when they asked if he was really going somewhere with his rival, and Jackson slammed the pedal to the floor, the idling engine roaring to life as they tore away from the track and into the twilight.

Weaving in and out of traffic, Lightning had no idea where they were going, but naively trusted that the other knew what he was doing. There was no way they were obeying the speed limit, Jackson running every red and downshifting to rev the engine as he crossed the double line to pass slower vehicles. Driving like an absolute dick, though Lightning knew he could trust his control, that this was child's play to the talented rookie. Despite his cool demeanor, casually smoking with one elbow resting on the window sill, eyes lidded and lazily gripping the wheel, Lightning knew he was showing off.

And it was working. Unfazed and competent, dark hair in his eyes, shit-eating grin on his pretty face as the smoke curled past his lips. He was raw sex appeal, and the heady bass was hardly the only thing thumping in Lightning’s heart.

They pulled into a parking garage and Jackson killed the engine, beckoning the other to follow him wordlessly. Lightning had barely taken a step into Jackson’s hotel room when the other was on him, fisting one hand in the front of his suit and slamming him up against the closing door, forcing it shut and crushing their lips together.

When they’d started this, Lightning had been taken aback by how aggressive Jackson had been in every aspect of the act. Now he recognised it as passion, craved the energy, gave back as good as he got.

As they broke for air Lightning dragged down the zipper on his own suit, exposing his overheating skin as Jackson latched on to the column of his neck, dragging his tongue up his thundering pulse and sinking his teeth in below his jawline. They had an agreement to no marks where the cameras might see, which meant of course the rookie pushed that boundary every single time they did this.

He’s still so riled up from their race. Lightning hauls him back in for another bruising kiss, tasting the bitter chemical of the vape mixed with a spice that was undeniably him, forcing his tongue past his teeth in an attempt to claim some dominance and taste more. In response he’s pushed to his knees, Jackson shedding his suit over his defined muscles and dragging all 8 inches of his cock out to slap it against Lightning’s face like a complete fuckboy. Three barbells through the frenulum and a ring through the head, because of course a pretentious prick like Jackson Storm had a pierced dick.

They’ve done this enough times now for him to know the drill. Lightning runs his tongue across each piece of metal and swallows down as much as he can in one go, Jackson letting his head fall back so he can look down his nose at him. “You look pretty good from this angle, at my feet.”

Lightning snorts derisively, letting his teeth scrape the underside in retaliation. “Don’t get used to it.”

Jackson roughly fists his blonde hair, forcing him down his length, tears springing in Lightning’s eyes as he struggles to take everything he’s given.

“Don’t tell me our veteran can’t handle me?” Jacskon coos, relentlessly guides the immense length of him past his lips until he chokes. “Oh wait, we already knew that, mister second place.”

It’s always the same kinds of insults, but the humiliation burns through him hotter than any other sex he’s ever had. Lightning thinks there must be something wrong with him, to want this from the man who’s taking everything from him. Knows he’s only a few months off retirement if he can’t keep pace with this asshole, still wants him as deep in his body as he is in his head.

They impatiently move to the spacious double bed and Jackson carelessly tosses him the small bottle from his luggage, makes himself comfortable against the headboard while Lightning shamelessly crawls atop him, so turned on he’s able to slide two fingers into himself with little resistance. He keens, canting his hips forwards so he can feel those barbells drag against his hardness. Can see the thick desire in Jackson’s eyes even as he won’t let himself reward Lightning with any kind of noise.

Personality aside, Jackson is everything he craves. Conventionally attractive, fit, over 6 foot, skilled, sharp and smart, exudes that bad boy aura. But Lightning’s also everything Jackson desires, too. Being in his thirties is hardly old, barely a line on his youthful face, and Lightning’s always been a pretty boy; Jackson knows, had his poster on his wall since he was a kid, was arguably his sexual awakening in his teens. He secretly owns every model spread, not that he’ll ever admit it. But to have the real Lightning McQueen under him like this, to be able to break the legend both on the track and here. It’s the biggest rush of his life, more than just winning, more than being the best.

When Jackson ruthlessly slides the entire length of his cock home in one go, Lightning chokes out a moan, strangled and breathless. He can feel his heart racing, feels every one of those piercings pop past his rim, can barely hear the other mocking him over the white noise ringing in his ears.

“Nobody else gets it. Only I can fuck you like this. Not your fans. Not your dead mentor. Definitely not your little absentee girlfriend. Me.”

And that’s really it, isn’t it. Jackson’s the only one who can possibly understand, the only one who’s broken his records. They’re the fastest men alive and gambling your life for a living means everything else dulls by comparison. Maybe he’s fucked up for wanting this, but he can’t blame himself for yearning the thrill, needing to feel alive.

“I fu-” Lightning drops his head onto his forearms, grits his teeth and whines into the hot air. “-cking hate you.”

Lightning may loathe the man, wants to grind him into the dirt with everything he has, but he’ll never say no to him, to this. Knows he’ll never feel this with anyone else.

“I know. Now shut up, you’re killing my boner.”

Lightning knows it’s a lie, that the rookie loves it when he talks back, doesn’t want a kill unless it’s a fight. Jackson slides his thumb in beside his cock and pulls, Lightning’s jaw dropping in a silent scream. It’s so much, too much.

“Mm, it hurts.” Lightning moans, hands scrabbling for purchase on the comforter as Jackson drags him wider, can feel his orgasm rush up to meet him with the pain of it.

He’s felt himself fly, weightless as he’s thrown back in his seat, the smooth exhilarating hum of his car beneath him as he went faster than anyone before him. It’s not too dissimilar, he thinks, to how it feels to get lost in this pleasure, thrilling and mindless, a rush that leaves him operating on instinct and desire.

Jackson’s thrusts are relentless and deep, piercings grinding against his prostate and making him see stars. Lightning’s eyes are wet with tears, rolling down his face, he glances back to see Jackson’s wolfish grin and hungry eyes drinking in the sight of him shaking apart. Lightning can feel the other get impossibly harder inside him at his tears, smiles with all his teeth when the pace only gets rougher.

Jackson wraps one race-callused hand around his throat and rumbles that deep baritone against the shell of his ear and he’s gone.

“Come.”

His head spins as he comes from his cock alone, keening and spattering the crisp hotel sheets. With the pressure against his windpipe he can’t breathe, gasping through the throes, sending him higher. It’s easily the hardest he’s ever come, his vision whiting.

“Guess you are faster than me after all, old timer.”

“Do you ever shut up?”

Barking a laugh Jackson fills him with warmth, rasping a curse, grip on his hips bruising as he drives home. Lightning feels his cock twitch in interest as it leaks out of him and drips to the bedspread, right before Jackson pulls out and pettily pushes him into the splatters of their own come. Lightning gives an unmanly shriek as the cold liquid contacts his heated skin, just makes Jackson laugh more.

It plays with him more than it should, being drawn close, intimate after what they’ve just done. This is meant to be a quick fuck for relief, not anything more. Still jolts through him when the rookie draws him in for a long, slow kiss, wiping away his residual tears with his thumb.

“Thanks, babe.” Jackson murmurs between kisses, winding their fingers together and making Lightning’s heart skip a beat. That is until he uses that hand for leverage, pushing Lightning off the bed and ruining his afterglow, giving him a sharp, patronising smack to his ass.

“Now get out.”

[marsbar17]

ph my god please give me crypto x rev content (either sfw or nsfw) ive been. going insane

Since you didn't specify, I decided to do a short one-shot thing instead of just headcannons because I crave coherent thoughts :)

⚠️ Spoiler warning ⚠️

This is gonna include a little bit of the revenant reborn stuff, not really the lore it just is based off the end of the second lore video.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

TW: very nsfw, choking, breathplay, aftercare if you squint, almost no communication

    Crypto bade the others farewell after their talk and sat back down at his desk, minimizing windows and tabs that had to do with the whole Eduardo stuff. He lingered on one though, something about the workings of Revenants many bodies, and sighed. He couldn't quite figure it out, the way that they could transfer his whole consciousness over between metal frames in a matter of minutes everytime he died. Crypto figured he would get the answer soon enough, he just had to get Revenant back under his questioning.

    Before he could dwell on it any further, a noise from his left drew his attention and he turned just in time to get a glimpse of shiny red metal before a cold hard hand wrapped around his throat. Crypto was lifted out of his seat and he opened his eyes to meet glowing red ones. Crypto struggled weakly, the grip on his neck uncomfortable, but all that did was make Revenant chuckle and squeeze slightly.

    "Miss me?" Even though his face and body had changed drastically, Revenant's voice was the same as ever, and it caused a shiver to run down Crypto's spine.

    But he wasn't afraid. In fact, he seemed to relax after hearing that voice.

    "You wish." His voice came out raspy and strangled, restricted by the metal fingers putting pressure on his windpipe. "Now put me down."

    Revenant complied and lowered Crypto slowly until his feet touched the ground and he slumped back into his office chair. Crypto put a hand to his neck and rubbed, coughing a bit.

    "Even though you got a new look, you still listen to me." He smirked slightly. "Good to know they didn't take what little human emotion you have left."

    "I can still kill you, you know. It would be even easier than before." Revenant reached a hand out, dragging his razor sharp 'nails' along Crypto's jaw. Crypto scoffed and batted it away, turning back to his computer.

    "We both know you won't." Crypto smiled as he heard Revenant scoff, but the simulcran didn't deny it. "You came at the perfect time," He changed the topic. "I've got some questions for you."

    Revenant had moved, standing behind the other with his hands resting on the back of the chair and occasionally grazing the skin of Crypto's nape.

    "What? More information for you to tell your little friends? Might as well just tell them everything." Even as a monotone robot, Crypto could hear the sarcasm in his voice. But he ignored it.

    "No, just something to satisfy my own human curiosities." He set the tab he had open before to full screen, and let Revenant read his notes over his shoulder.

    It was almost embarrassing, admitting that he had been studying the robot. Writing down stuff as simple as the type of joints that were used on his fingers or the way the fabric accessories on his old body were attached to the metal. He wasn't an engineer, and this type of stuff didn't interest him often, but when Crypto looked at Revenant he couldn't help but let his gaze linger on small things.

    "Hell if I know!" Revenant's booming voice made Crypto jump slightly in his seat before he refocused on the task in front of him.

    "All I know is one second my consciousness fades and the next I'm waking up in the same damn facility. I don't have any more to tell you."

    There was a tense silence for a while, Crypto thinking about possible answers and Revenant now pacing the room in his frustration. Crypto could imagine how much the constant toying with Revenant's consciousness could build up some anger, and he often helped the other in these times to let out some of those emotions without going on a killing spree.

    "Tae Joon."

    Crypto turned, surprised at the robot using his real name. He rarely used it, said it was too intimate.

    "I need someone to take my frustration out on."

    Yep, there it was. Crypto sighed and stood up, walking into his bedroom like he did everytime Revenant came over. He didn't even have to tell the simulcran to follow, he knew their routine.

    "Go ahead." Crypto laid on the bed, taking his jacket off so it didn't get wrinkled. As shameful as this 'guilty pleasure' was, he still had some dignity and wanted to keep himself tidy.

    Revenant took his time approaching the other, almost like he was stalking prey. He hummed in approval as Crypto brought his hands up to rest them on the pillow above his head, surrendering himself. And as Revenant dragged one finger from his ankle up and stopped at his thigh, Crypto shivered. His breath hitched and he closed his eyes, waiting for the pain to come like it always did.

    He was being unusually slow, and Crypto opened his eyes again to look at him questioningly. He quickly shut them again as a metal hand wrapped around his throat again, sharp fingers digging into his skin but not puncturing it yet. He tensed, but that only made Revenant squeeze harder.

    Eventually, Crypto was able to remind himself that Revenant wouldn't kill him and he relaxed into the mattress, letting Revenant cut off his oxygen for 10 seconds, and then let him breath again for 10 seconds.

    He hated how it excited him. Crypto's legs twitched slightly every time his breath was cut off, and he whined quietly. It wasn't enough for Revenant though, so he trailed his other hand up Crypto's leg and traced shapes along his upper thigh. He wanted to torture him, bring him all the way to the edge, push his boundaries, and then leave him a mess.

    Crypto was expecting pain, and he was surprised when he felt the hand settle on his crotch and palm him gently. He gasped and his eyes shot open, grabbing at the hand around his neck and muttering swear words.

    "Revenant, this-"

    "Do you want me to stop?" It seemed like his voice was softer somehow, even though it was as monotone as ever. He was being genuine. Like maybe he cared.

    Crypto was quiet for a moment, thinking.

    "No." He said, looking away and letting go of Revenants arm to put his hands back above his head. Submission. It made Revenant feel even more want to ruin him. So he put more pressure, on both his neck and his half-hard length.

    Revenant didn't want to hurt the other, at least not too badly, so he kept Crypto's clothes on. He just let his hand wander all over his clothed body before continuing to palm him through his pants. Crypto could feel as all the air left his lungs, and his eyes rolled back, bucking his hips into the metal hand.

    Every time Revenant released his grip on the others neck, Crypto would gasp and moan, the feeling of getting so close to unconsciousness and then being brought right back was thrilling and he couldn't help but whimper as Revenant started to tightness his hold again.

    Before he knew it, he was arching his back and cumming in his pants, mouth open in a silent yell as his voice was trapped behind a hand around his throat. And Revenant loved this reaction so much, he made Crytpo cum 4 more times before he stopped palming him. He tried to be as gentle as he could as he rubbed the others' chests while he caught his breath.

    Crypto was a wreck, tears running down his cheeks, a wet spot on the front of his pants, and bruising starting to form around his neck.

    Once he knew Crytpo was stable, Revenant stood up and left, like he always did. Part of Crypto hoped that he would stay this time, but he knew that wasn't how he worked.

    A routine of mutual satisfaction, that's all they would admit it to be.

[whatdoesshedotothem]

1836 Oct[obe]r Thurs[day] 27

7 55/..

12 40/..

V

V

L

N

N

No kiss fine morn[in]g – d[o]wnst[ai]rs at 8 3/4 – Ch[arle]s How[ar]th and W[illia]m Keigh[le]y h[a]d been wait[in]g for me 20 min[ute]s –

set the form[e]r w[i]th his son Ja[me]s to hang the gate at the top corn[e]r of Conery Ing and took W[illia]m K- [Keighley] to cut

off a few brok[e]n branches of an oak at the bot[tom] of Pearson Ing (n[ea]r the larch tree) and then w[e]nt

w[i]th h[i]m to Spa h[ou]se to shew h[i]m A-‘s [Ann] four larches to be cut d[o]wn -he will cut them d[o]wn

on Mon[day] – ho[me] at 9 55/.. Mr. Husb[an]d and Dobson (the stone merch[an]t) wait[in]g for me - told H- [Husband]

I w[oul]d ha[ve] a warm bath in the pres[en]t kitchen - alter the stab[le]s and turn the pres[en]t front stab[le]

int[o] a manserv[an]t’s bedr[oo]m – w[oul]d n[o]t ha[ve] the gr[ea]t oak King posts squar[e]d or alt[ere]d to ma[ke] mo[re]

r[oo]m at the end of the gall[er]y lead[in]g the red r[oo]m and north chamb[e]r - to be cas[e]d ov[e]r in their pres[en]t shape -

Dobson want[e]d to kno[w] the date of his last bill for insides (st[one] for the Long goit) –

Look[e]d ov[e]r my acc[oun]ts and ga[ve] him the informat[io]n he want[e]d – br[eak]f[a]st at 10 3/4 - Mrs. and

Miss Briggs call[e]d at 11 – wait[e]d 10 min[ute]s in the h[ou]sekeep[e]r’s r[oo]m till we h[a]d br[eak]f[a]st[e]d –

the 1st ti[me] of their com[in]g here s[in]ce they left us - we were ver[y] civ[i]l to them and I st[ai]d w[i]th

them till n[ea]r 12 - they remain[e]d so[me] ti[me] long[e]r w[i]th A- [Ann] - out fr[om] a lit[tle] bef[ore] 12 (ab[ou]t)

till 1, then n[ea]r an h[ou]r w[i]th A- [Ann] then out ag[ai]n till ca[me] in at 5 50/.. at the meer-drift and in the gard[e]n and ab[ou]t – dress[e]d –

wr[ote] 1 3/4 p[ages] to ‘Mrs. Lawton, Lawton hall, Lawton, Cheshire’ and s[e]nt it tonight – we

shall be delight[e]d to see h[e]r on the 2[n]d or 3[r]d of next m[on]th i.e. next Wed[nesday] or Thurs[day]

hope she will n[o]t disap[poin]t us if she can help it - she h[a]d best ta[ke] her pl[a]ce

in the mail to Bradford, - tell the guard to blow his horn, and let her alight at

the Lodge - will prepare her old fr[ien]d Matty Pollard for her arriv[a]l and I mys[elf] will

ta[ke] ca[re] she (M- [Mariana]) does n[o]t lose hers[elf] bet[ween] the Lodge and the h[ou]se – wr[ote] no[te] to ‘The Rev[eren]d Rob[er]t Wilkins[o]n Heath’

to ask h[i]m ‘to co[me] whenev[e]r m[o]st conven[ien]t to him bef[ore] Wed[nesday] (b[u]t n[o]t on Mon[day]) respect[in]g

the will of my late a[un]t - and wr[ote] no[te] to ‘Mr. Lister appraiser Halifax’ to ask him

to co[me] at 3 p.m. tomor[row] or Sat[urday] to val[ue] the wardrobe of my late a[un]t – seal[e]d and

direct[e]d all the ab[ov]e (let[ter] notes) at the din[ner] tab[le] and s[e]nt them off by Frank soon aft[e]r

7 – din[ner] at 6 35/.. – coff[ee] upst[ai]rs - A- [Ann] r[ea]d Fr[en]ch al[ou]d as us[ua]l – 1/2 asleep on the sofa

till 10 - then wr[ote] all the ab[ov]e of today - Booth here this morn[in]g - at Hilltop in the

aft[ernoo]n – settl[e]d - Mr. Carter h[a]s no object[io]n to the new barn and h[ou]se being in a line w[i]th his

moth[e]r’s cot[tage] and so it is to be - 2 masons (Amos and Jos[e]ph Sharpe) at the west tow[e]r –

2 d[itt]o flagg[in]g the new court – Rob[er]t Mann + 4 low[erin]g and level[in]g in front of the h[ou]se and g[o]t

the hall-cellar-drain dry out so as to drain off all the wat[e]r (6in. deep) out of the cellar –

Rob[er]t Schof[iel]d and his man Joseph help[in]g the masons at the west tow[e]r – pull[in]g d[o]wn the gard[e]n terr[a]ce

wall and dress[in]g the st[one] (Jos[e]ph w[a]s help[in]g the gard[ene]r in the morn[in]g) - the gard[ene]r and John Booth and Ch[arl]es

and Ja[me]s How[ar]th stubb[in]g up the old apple-trees in the orch[ar]d and clear[in]g the gr[ou]nd - Frank cart[in]g

st[one] for the dry arching 2 l[oa]ds rough throughs fr[om] Hipp[erholme] quarry and the rest st[one] fr[om] the gard[e]n wall –

Ch[arle]s and Ja[me]s H- [Howarth] at Hilltop all yest[erday] and Tues[day] aft[ernoo]n pull[in]g d[o]wn the old cot[tage]s and barn – Ingh[a]m + 2

men and a boy wall[in]g east parapet wall along the outside arch - 2 York joiners in the hall and 2

Hilltop cot[age]s and barn

pull[e]d d[ow]n

251

1836

Oct[obe]r

jobb[in]g as us[ua]l - the gallery all tak[e]n d[o]wn yest[erday] to the red r[oo]m and n[or]th chamb[e]r and no gett[in]g int[o] eith[e]r

b[u]t by a ladd[e]r int[o] the lit[tle] sq[uare] lobby open[in]g int[o] them - a new beam put up today for the fut[ure]

gall[er]y floor - Mark Hepw[or]th and the N[orth]g[a]te carts cart[in]g soil in front of the h[ou]se topp[i]ng up the gr[ea]t

embankm[en]t – ver[y] fine day F[ahrenheit] 32° now at 10 50/.. p.m. the 1st ti[me] this seas[o]n of being at the freez[in]g point –

my no[te]s tonight writ[ten] in the 1st pers[o]n - will n[o]t wr[it]e Miss L- [Lister] mean[in]g to ta[ke] the brevet

immed[iatel]y – No[te] fr[om] Mr. Wilkins[o]n to say comp[limen]ts and he will co[me] at 11 a.m. on Sat[urday] Mr. List[e]r

will try to co[me] tomor[row]

[omilers]

NEOM

5400 x 3600

Rev. Lisa j Winston

3600 x 4800

ph. JOHN BRIGHENTI

3116 x 2048

[radyo-kabaw]

PATAY NA ANG KAPATID KO

I am so upset about Andres Bonifacio all the time oh my god. like. I can't handle what may have been his last words being about his brother, it makes my heart ache.

Lazaro Makapagal's account of the executions of Andres and Procopio Bonifacio [quoted here]

The Philippine Revolution, Apolinario Mabini (trans. Leon Ma. Guerrero)

Warfare by ‘Pulong’ Bonifacio, Aguinaldo, and the Philippine Revolution Against Spain, Glenn Anthony May

🍊 twitter :/ 🍊 cohost

[bini-style]

Maloi wore these Off-White Indust Belt Socks in white during BINI’s performance at the UP Fair 2024: REV Music Festival.

[attila-werther]

dean winchester voice son of a bitch

[vintagelasvegas]

Christ Church Episcopal, Las Vegas – 1908, 1955.

(1) Northeast corner of 2nd & Carson, 1908. The church was in service from Aug. 1908 until Spring '54. The property was sold to finance the construction of a new church and was soon torn down.

(2) 2000 S. Maryland Pkwy, 1955. Led by Rev. T. Malcolm Jones, the new church was built by Lembke, Clough and King, Inc. A portion of the new property was given to the parish by Jessie Hunt, widow of Leigh S.J. Hunt. Rev. Jones was killed 1/19/55. The new church was dedicated 3/3/55.

Wanda Ball Moser Photographs (PH-00030), and the Historic Building Survey Photograph Collection (PH-00345), UNLV Special Collections & Archives. Local Notes. Las Vegas Age, 6/13/08; Arlene Deutch. Christ Church Espicopal Barely Missing Being City's Oldest, Grows Steadily During 49 Years. Review-Journal, 10/9/55; John Przybys. Christ Church celebrates centennial. Review-Journal, 11/20/2007.

[a-z0-9-i-n-gram-completionist]

1:    0 1 2 4 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z    32/36    (26/26)    (6/10)

2:    08 11 18 19 41 42 84 90 ab ac ad ag ai aj ak al am an ap ar as at av aw ay ba bd be bi bl bo br bs bu by ca cc ce ch ci ck cl co cr cs ct cu cy da dd de df di dl dn do dr ds du dy ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei el em en eo ep eq er es et ev ew ex ey fa fe fi fo fr ft fu ga ge gh gi gl go gr gs gt gy ha he hi hn ho hr ht hu hy ia ib ic id ie if ig il im in io ip ir is it iu iv iz jo ju ke ki kn ks ky la ld le lf li lk ll lm lo ls lu lv ly ma me mh mi mo mp ms mu my na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nk nl nn no ns nt nu nv ny oa ob oc od oe of og oi ol om on oo op or os ot ou ow ox oy pa pe ph pi pl pm po pp pr ps pt pu qu ra rd re rg ri rk rl rm rn ro rp rr rs rt ru ry rz sa sc se sh si sk sm sn so sp sq ss st su sw sy ta te th ti tl to tr ts tt tu tw ty ua ub uc ud ue ug ui ul um un uo up ur us ut ve vi wa we wh wi wo wr xc xe xi xt xu yb yg yl ym yn yo yp ys yx ze zo    290/1296    (282/676)    (8/100)

3:    184 190 842 908 abd abl aca acc aci ack acr acs act ade ads age ain ajo ake aki ale ali alk all alm alo als ame ami amp ana anc and ane ang ani ans ant anu any ape app ard are arg ark arl arm aro arr ars art ase ask ass ata ate ath ati ato att atu ave avi awa awr ayb bab bac bal bas bdo bea bed beh bel bet bey bio bis bit ble blo bly bod bon bou bow boy bra bre bst bul bur but cal can cav cce ccy cee cen cep che chi cia cie cin cks cky cle clo clu coc com con cos cre cri cru cti ctu cul cut cyx dar dda dea dee den deo dep der des dfi did die din dis dle dne doe dom don dor dul dur ead eak eal ear eat ebr eci ecr ect edd edi eed eei eem een efe egi egs ehi ein eir eit ela ele elf ell elo elv ely ema eme emo emp ems emu enb enc end eng enh eno ent env eos eou epo eps ept equ era ere eri erl erm ern err ers ert eru ery erz esc ese esn esp ess est eta ete eto etw ety eve evi ewh exc exe ext exu eyo fam far fat fem fer fes fib fie fif fin fir fis for fos fra fro fth fur fus gap gel gem ges ght gic gif gio gir gla glu gol gon gou gre gro gth gys han hap hat hav hea hei hem hen her hes hey hic hig him hin hip hir his hit hiu hna hol hot hou hro hum hus hym ial iar ibe ibi ibu ica ice ich ick icu ide idf ied ien ier ies iet ife ifi ift igh ila ili ill ima imi ims ina inc ind ine inf ing ink ins int inu iny iof ion ior iou ips ird irs isc ise ish iso isp iss ist ite ith iti its itt ity ium ive ize joi jor jus jut ked kel kes kin kiv kne kno ksc lan lar lat lde leg len les let lex lia lie lif lis lit lli llo lls lly lmo loa log lon loo lop lou low lso lue lun lus lvi lym lyp mag maj mak mal man mar mas mat may mel men mer met mew mil min mit moo mor mos mou mph mpl mpr mse mur mus myg nac nad nal nat nbo nce ncl nde ndi ndn ndo nds ndu nec nee nei neo nes nex nfr nge ngs ngt ngy nhn nim nky nly nne nop nor nos not now nox nse nsi nst nsw nta nte nti ntl nto ntr nts ntu nuo nus nve oac oat oba occ oce oci odi ody oes ofi oft ogi ogo ogs oin old ole olo oma ome omi omp omy ona ond one onl onn ons ont ool oos oot ope ops opt ora org ori orm ors ose osi oss ost osu ota ote oth oti oto oug oun oup ous out owe owi oxi oyl par pat pea pec ped pel per pho pic pin ple pli pmh poi pos ppa ppe ppo pre pri pro pte pti pub qua que qui rac rai ral ran rap rat raw rdl rea rec red ref reg rel rem ren res ret rev rge ria rib rig rin rio ris rit rki rks rly rma rmi rmo rms rns roa rob roc rog rom rop ros rou row rpr rra rro rru rsa rse rsi rst rte rth rti rto rts ruc rum rus sac sal sam sav say sch sci scl scr scu sec sed see sel seq ses sha she sid sim sio sis sit siv siz ske ski sma smo soc sof som sop sor spe spi spo squ sso ssu sta ste sti stl sto sts stu sty sua sub suc sue sup sur sus swe syn tai tak tal tan tar tat tea teb ted ten ter tes tha the thi tho thr thu thy tib tic tid tin tio tip tis tiv tle tly tom ton too tot tre tri tsi tte ttl tty tua tud tur tus twe two tyl typ ual uar uat ubi ubs uch uco udi uea uen ues ugh uit ula ume und ung unt unu uou upp ups ure uri urn uro urp urr urs urt usc use usi ust usu uta ute uts vel ver vic vid vil vit war wee wel wer wha whe whi who why win wit xcl xem xio xte xtr xus ybe ygo yle ylo yme ymp ymu yno yon you ypi ypm yst zoo    802/46656    (798/17576)    (4/1000)

4:    1842 1908 abdo able ably acce acin acru acti actu adep ages ainf ajor akes akin alis allo alls ally almo alog also amil ampl anal anat ance ands andu aneo ange anim answ ants anus aped appa appe area aren arge arki arks arly arms arou arra arsa arte arti arts ased aske atar ated ater athe atid atio ativ atom atte atty atur avit awar aybe babl back ball base bdom bear bedd behi belo betw beyo biof bitt blog bodi body bone boun boyl brat brev bsta bula burr bute call cavi ccen ccyx ceed cent ceps cept cher chiu cial cien ciet cing cles cloa clus cocc comp conn cons cont cosu cret crib crum ctio ctua ctus cula cuta dard ddar deal deed denb denc deos depo dept desc dfis died dies diet ding disp dnes does dome domi dors dula duri eaki eall ears eart ebra ecia ecre ecti ectu edda edin edis eedi eein eems efer egio ehin eing eith elat elet elop elow elvi emal emel emen emor empl emur enbo ence endi ends engt engy enhn enop enor enti entl entu enve eous epos epti eque eral eran ered eres erio erly ermi erru erse ersi erte erti erto erus escr espe esti esty etal etat eton etwe ever evic evid ewha excl exem exte extr exus eyon fami fatt fema femo femu fest fibu fied fift find firs fish form foss frac frog from furt fuse gely geme gest gica gion gird glan glue gold gona gous grea grou gyst hape have head hear heir here hert herz hese hich high hims hind hing hips hird hite hium hnac hole hoto houg hroa hume hyme hymu iall ibed ibio ibul ibut ical icep icks icky icul idea iden ideo ides idfi ienc iety ifes ifie ifth ight ilar ilia illi imag imal imil imse inal incl inde infr ings inky inse insi inst inte into ints inuo iofi ions ious irdl irst isch ishe isop ispo issu ists ites ithe itio ittl itty ivel join jori just juts kele king kink kive knee know ksch land larg larl late lati latu lden legs leng leta leto lexu liar lier life lifi litt llie llow lmos loac logi logo lond loos lope lops lowe lowi lung lusi lvic lymp lypm mage majo make male mall many mark mass mati mayb mely meno ment meru meta mewh mila mili mina mite moot mora most moun mous mple mpli mpri msel murs musc must mygo naci nads nali nalo nato nboy nclu ndee nder ndin ndne ndon ndul nect neit neou ness next nfro ngem ngth ngys nhna nima nnec nopt norm nost note noxi nsec nseq nsid nsis nste nswe ntai nter ntin ntio ntly ntri ntua nuou nusu nvel oaca obab occy ocee ocie odie oesn ofib ogic ogou oint olde olog omat omen omew omin ompr onad ondo only onne onse onsi onta onti ontr oolo oose ooth oped oper opte oral oria orit orma ormo orsa oses osit osso oste osto osty osus otal oted othe otic ough ound ount oups outs ower owin oxio oylo pare part patt pear peci pelv perl phot pica pine plex plif poin pose posi post ppar ppea ppos pred pris prob proc prop pter ptid pubi quar quea quen ques quit ract rain rang rans rapp rate rath rawr rdle real reat rect redi refe regi rela reme rent rest rete reve revi rgel rges rial ribe ribu righ ring rior rise rity rkiv rksc rmat rmit rmou roat roba roce rogs rope rost roun roup rowe rpri rran rrou rrow rruc rsal rsed rsio rstl rteb rter rthe rtic rton ruco sacr sacs sals same save sche schi scie scle scri scul secr sect seei seem self sequ shap shes side sidf simi sion sist siti sits sive size sked skel skin smal smoo soci soft some sopt sori spec spin spos sque ssor ssue stan stea ster stic stin stio stly stom stot stud styl sual subs such supp surp surr swer syno tain take talk tanc tane tars tata tead tebr tend tera tere teri term tern than that thei them ther thes they thig thin thir this thou thro thus thym tibi tica tick ticu ting tinu tiny tion tips tiss tive toma tomy tons tota toti trem trib tsid tter ttle tual tuat tudi ture turn twee tyle typi uall uart uate ubis ubst ucos udie ueak uenc uest uite ular ulat umer unde undi undn ungs unus uous uppo urin urns uros urpr urro urth uscl uscu used usio usiv usua utan utsi velo vely verr vers vert very vice vide vill vity ware ween well were wers what when whic whit whol wing with xclu xemp xiou xten xtre ygol ylou ymen ymph ymus ynos

yond ypic ypmh ysto zool    815/1679616    (813/456976)    (2/10000)

5:    abdom accen acing acrum actio actua adept ainfr ajori aking allow almos alogo amili ample analo anato andul aneou angem anima answe appar appea arent argel arges arkiv arksc aroun arran arsal arter artic asked atars atera ather ation ative atomy atter ature avity aware bably balls based bdome bdomi bedda behin below betwe beyon biofi bitty bodie bound boylo brate brevi bstan burro cally cavit ccent ceedi centu cepti cherz chium ciall cienc ciety cloac clusi coccy compr conne conse consi conta conti contr cosus crete cribe ction ctual cular culat cutan ddard denbo dence depos descr dfish dings dispo dness doesn domen domin dorsa dular durin eakin eally earts ebrat ecial ecret ectio ectus eddar eding edisp eedin eeing egion ehind eithe elati eleta eleto elope elops elvic emale emely ement emora empli emurs enboy endin ength engys enhna enopt enorm entio ently entua envel eposi eptid equen erans erest erior ermit erruc ersed ersio erteb ertic erton escri espec estin estio estyl etata etons etwee evers evice evide ewhat exclu exemp exten extre eyond famil fatty femal femor femur festy fibul fifth first fishe forma fosso fract frogs furth fused gemen gical girdl gland golde gonad great group gysto haped heart herto himse hnaci hough hroat humer hymen hymus ially ibiof ibula ibute icall iceps icept icula ideal idenc ideos idfis ience ifest ified ilarl iliar illie image imila imsel inali inclu indee infro insec insid inste inter inuou iofib irdle irstl ischi ishes isopt ispos issue ither ition ittle ively joint jorit kelet kinky ksche lands landu large larly later lativ latur ldenb lengt letal leton lexus lifes lifie littl llier llowi lmost loaca logic logou londo loose loped lower lowin lungs lusio lusiv lymph lypmh mages major makes marks matid matio maybe menop menti merus metat mewha milar milia minal mites mooth moral mount mplex mplif mpris mself muscl muscu mygol nacin nalis nalog natom nboyl nclus ndeed nding ndnes ndula necti neith neous nfrog ngeme ngyst nhnac nimal nnect nopte normo nosto noted noxio nsect nsequ nside nsist nstea nswer ntain ntere ntinu ntion ntrib ntuat nuous nusua nvelo obabl occyx oceed ociet odies ofibu ogica ogous oints olden ologi omati omewh omina ompri onads ondon onnec onseq onsis ontai ontin ontri oolog operl opter orial ority ormat ormou orsal ositi osits ossor oster ostot ostyl other otica ounde oundi oundn outsi owers owing oxiou oylou paren parti patte pears pecia pelvi perly photo pical plexu plifi point poses posit poste ppare ppear ppose predi prise proba proce prope ptera pubis quart queak quenc quest quite racti rainf range rathe reall rectu redis refer regio relat remel rentl resti rever revic rgely rgest ribed ribut right rkive rksch rmati rmite rmous robab rocee roper rosty round roups rower rpris rrang rroun rrowe rruco rsals rsion rstly rtebr rther rtica rticu rucos sacru scher schiu scien scles scrib scula secre seein seems seque shape sides sidfi simil sists sitio sivel skele small smoot socie somew sopte soria speci spine spose squea ssori stanc stead steri stick sting stion stoma stoti studi style suall subst suppo surpr surro swere synos tance taneo tarsa tatar tebra tendi tends teral teran teres terio termi their there thert these thigh thing third thoug throa thymu tibio tical ticks ticky ticul tinuo tions tissu tomat total totic treme tribu tside ttern tuall tuate tudie turns tween typic ually uarte uated ubsta ucosu udied ueaki uence uesti ularl ulatu umeru under undin undne unusu uppos uring urost urpri urrou urrow urthe uscle uscul usion usive usual utane utsid velop verru verse versi verte verti vicep viden video villi wered which white whole xclus xempl xious xtend xtrem ygold ymeno ynost ypica ystom zoolo    622/60466176    (622/11881376)

6:    abdome abdomi accent action actual ainfro ajorit allowi almost alogou amilia amplex analog anatom andula aneous angeme animal answer appare appear arentl argely argest arkive arksch around arrang arsals articu atarsa ateral athert ations attern bdomen bdomin beddar behind betwee beyond biofib bodies boylou brevic bstanc burrow cavity ccentu ceedin centua ceptid cially cience cloaca clusio clusiv coccyx compri connec conseq consis contai contin contri cribed ctions ctuall cularl culatu cutane denboy deposi descri dfishe dispos domina dorsal during eaking ebrate eciall ecrete ection eddard edings edispo eeding either elativ eletal eleton eloped emoral emplif enboyl ending engyst enhnac enopte enormo ention entuat envelo eposit equenc eresti ermite erruco ersion ertebr ertica escrib especi esting estion estyle etatar etween everse evicep eviden exclus exempl extend extrem famili female femora femurs festyl fibula firstl fishes format fossor fracti furthe gement girdle glands glandu golden gonads groups gystom hearts herton himsel hnacin humeru hymeno ibiofi ically icepti icular idence idfish ifesty ilarly illier images imilar imself inalis inclus indeed infrog insect inside instea intere inuous iofibu irstly ischiu isopte ispose jority keleta keleto kscher landul largel larges latera lative lature ldenbo length letons lifest lified little llowin logica logous london lowing lusion lusive majori marksc mation menopt mentio metata mewhat milarl miliar minali mplexu mplifi mprise muscle muscul mygold nacing nalogo natomy nboylo nclusi ndness ndular nectio neithe nfrogs ngemen ngysto nhnaci nnecti nopter normou nostot noxiou nseque nsists nstead nswere nteres ntinuo ntribu ntuate nusual nvelop obably oceedi ociety ofibul ogical oldenb ologic omatid omewha ominal ompris onnect onsequ onsist ontain ontinu ontrib oologi operly optera ormati ormous ositio ossori osteri ostoti ostyle otical ounder oundin oundne outsid oxious parent partic patter pecial pelvic plexus plifie points positi posits poster pparen ppears predis probab procee proper pteran quarte queaki quence questi ractio rainfr rangem rather really rectus redisp region relati remely rently restin revers revice ribute rksche rmatio rmites robabl roceed roperl rostyl rounde roundi roundn rowers rprise rrange rround rrower rrucos rtebra rtical rticul rucosu sacrum scherz schium scienc scribe scular sculat secret seeing sequen shaped sidfis simila sition sively skelet smooth societ somewh sopter sorial specia sposes squeak ssoria stance sterio sticks sticky stomat stotic studie sually substa suppos surpri surrou swered synost taneou tarsal tatars tebrat tendin terans terest terior termit therto though throat thymus tibiof ticall ticula tinuou tissue tomati totica tremel tribut tually tuated tudied typica uarter ubstan ucosus ueakin uestio ularly ulatur umerus unding undnes unusua uppose urosty urpris urroun urrowe urther uscles uscula usivel usuall utaneo utside velope velops verruc versed versio verteb vertic viceps vicept videnc videos villie xclusi xempli xtendi xtends xtreme ygolde ymenop ynosto ypical ystoma zoolog    446/2176782336    (446/308915776)

7:    abdomen abdomin accentu actuall ainfrog ajority allowin alogous amiliar amplexu analogo anatomy andular angemen answere apparen appears arently arksche arrange articul atarsal atherto bdomina beddard between biofibu brevice bstance burrowe ccentua ceeding centuat clusion clusive compris connect consequ consist contain continu contrib ctually cularly culatur cutaneo denboyl deposit describ dfishes dispose dominal ecially ections edispos eedings elative eletons emplifi enboylo engysto enhnaci enopter enormou entuate envelop eposits equence erestin ermites errucos ertebra ertical escribe especia etatars eversed eviceps evicept evidenc exclusi exempli extendi extends extreme familia femoral festyle firstly formati fossori fractio further glandul goldenb gystoma himself hnacing humerus hymenop ibiofib iceptid icularl idfishe ifestyl imilarl inclusi infrogs instead interes iofibul ischium isopter isposes keletal keleton kscherz landula largely largest lateral ldenboy lifesty llowing logical lusivel majorit marksch mations menopte mention metatar milarly minalis mplexus mplifie muscles muscula mygolde nalogou nboylou nclusio nection neither ngement ngystom nhnacin nnectio noptera normous nostoti noxious nsequen nswered nterest ntinuou ntribut ntuated nusuall nvelope nvelops oceedin ofibula oldenbo ologica omewhat ominali omprise onnecti onseque onsists ontinuo ontribu oologic opteran ormatio osition ossoria osterio ostotic oticall ounding oundnes outside parentl particu pattern peciall plified positio posteri pparent predisp probabl proceed properl pterans quarter queakin questio raction rainfro rangeme redispo relativ resting reverse revicep rkscher rmation robably roceedi roperly rostyle rounder roundin roundne rrangem rroundi rrowers rrucosu rtebrat rticula rucosus science scribed sculatu secrete sequenc sidfish similar skeleta skeleto society somewha soptera special squeaki ssorial sterior stomati stotica studied substan suppose surpris surroun synosto taneous tarsals tatarsa tebrate tending teresti termite therton tibiofi tically ticular tinuous tomatid totical tremely tribute typical ubstanc ueaking uestion ulature undness unusual urostyl urprise urround urrower uscular usculat usively usually utaneou veloped verruco version vertebr vertica vicepti vidence villier xclusiv xemplif xtendin xtremel ygolden ymenopt ynostot ystomat zoologi    297/78364164096    (297/8031810176)

8:    abdomina accentua actually ainfrogs allowing amplexus analogou angement answered apparent arkscher arrangem articula atarsals atherton bdominal biofibul brevicep burrower ccentuat ceedings centuate clusivel comprise connecti conseque consists continuo contribu culature cutaneou denboylo deposits describe disposes dominali edispose emplifie enboylou engystom enhnacin enoptera enormous entuated envelope envelops eresting errucosu ertebrat escribed especial etatarsa evicepti evidence exclusiv exemplif extendin extremel familiar formatio fossoria fraction glandula goldenbo gystomat hymenopt ibiofibu icularly idfishes ifestyle imilarly inclusio interest iofibula isoptera keletons landular ldenboyl lifestyl lusively majority marksche menopter metatars mplified muscular musculat mygolden nalogous nclusion nections ngystoma nhnacing nnection nopteran nostotic nsequenc nteresti ntinuous ntribute nusually nveloped oceeding oldenboy ological ominalis onnectio onsequen ontinuou ontribut oologica opterans ormation ossorial osterior ostotica otically oundness parently particul pecially position posterio pparentl predispo probably proceedi properly queaking question rainfrog rangemen redispos relative reversed reviceps revicept rkscherz rmations roceedin rounding roundnes rrangeme rroundin rrucosus rtebrate rticular sculatur sequence sidfishe similarl skeletal skeleton somewhat sopteran speciall squeakin stomatid stotical substanc surprise surround synostot tatarsal terestin termites tibiofib ticularl toticall ubstance unusuall urostyle urroundi urrowers usculatu utaneous verrucos vertebra vertical viceptid xclusive xemplifi xtending xtremely ygoldenb ymenopte ynostoti ystomati zoologic    189/2821109907456    (189/208827064576)

9:    abdominal accentuat analogous apparentl arkscherz arrangeme articular bdominali biofibula breviceps brevicept burrowers ccentuate centuated clusively connectio consequen continuou contribut cutaneous denboylou described dominalis edisposes emplified engystoma enhnacing enopteran enveloped errucosus ertebrate especiall etatarsal eviceptid exclusive exemplifi extending extremely formation fossorial glandular goldenboy gystomati hymenopte ibiofibul inclusion interesti isopteran ldenboylo lifestyle markscher menoptera metatarsa musculatu mygoldenb ngystomat nnections nopterans nostotica nsequence nterestin oceedings oldenboyl onnection onsequenc ontinuous ontribute oological ormations ostotical particula posterior pparently predispos proceedin rainfrogs rangement redispose revicepti roceeding roundness rrangemen rrounding rticularl sculature sidfishes similarly skeletons sopterans specially squeaking stoticall substance surroundi synostoti tatarsals teresting tibiofibu ticularly totically unusually urroundin usculatur verrucosu vertebrat xclusivel xemplifie ygoldenbo ymenopter ynostotic ystomatid zoologica    112/101559956668416    (112/5429503678976)

10:    abdominali accentuate apparently arrangemen articularl bdominalis brevicepti ccentuated connection consequenc continuous contribute engystomat enopterans especially etatarsals exclusivel exemplifie formations goldenboyl gystomatid hymenopter ibiofibula interestin isopterans ldenboylou markscherz menopteran metatarsal musculatur mygoldenbo ngystomati nostotical nteresting oldenboylo onnections onsequence ostoticall particular predispose proceeding redisposes reviceptid roceedings rrangement rticularly stotically surroundin synostotic tibiofibul urrounding usculature verrucosus vertebrate xclusively xemplified ygoldenboy ymenoptera ynostotica zoological    60/3656158440062976    (60/141167095653376)

11:    abdominalis accentuated arrangement articularly breviceptid connections consequence engystomati exclusively exemplified goldenboylo hymenoptera interesting menopterans metatarsals musculature mygoldenboy ngystomatid nostoticall oldenboylou ostotically particularl predisposes proceedings surrounding synostotica tibiofibula ygoldenboyl ymenopteran ynostotical    30/131621703842267136    (30/3670344486987776)

12:    engystomatid goldenboylou hymenopteran mygoldenboyl nostotically particularly synostotical ygoldenboylo ymenopterans ynostoticall    10/4738381338321616896    (10/95428956661682176)

13:    hymenopterans mygoldenboylo synostoticall ygoldenboylou ynostotically    5/170581728179578208256    (5/2481152873203736576)

14:    mygoldenboylou synostotically    2/6140942214464815497216    (2/64509974703297150976)

Why are rain frogs so round? What's /inside/ of them around such an itty bitty skeleton?

So it turns out this is a really interesting question.

The first thing we must be aware of is that rainfrogs as we see them in videos of them squeaking are not quite the same shape as they are when at rest:

[x]

But you are quite right, they are very round. This is exemplified by the skeletal photo you refer to:

[X]

So what are we seeing?

Well, firstly, note that the body cavity in these frogs actually envelops the femurs, such that only the tibiofibula (fused in frogs) and the tarsals and metatarsals are outside the body. The arms are quite similarly enveloped, but a bit of the humerus does extend outside the body cavity too. This predisposes them to a rounder body shape.

Next, note the ilia - the U-shaped bone in the pelvic region. These in some breviceptid frogs are synostotically fused with the sacrum - that is to say, they are bound by bone-based connections to the bow-shaped vertebra at their tips. This whole joint seems to be quite smooth, and as a consequence, the back of the frog is quite smooth. The other thing we can see here is that the urostyle (i.e. the frog version of a coccyx) juts quite far beyond the ischium and pubis. This extends the body cavity beyond the hips. Note also that the pelvic girdle seems to be largely below the spine, rather than the typical position for frogs behind it and continuous with it. This makes the legs sit below the spine, rather than at its end, enhnacing the vertical roundness of the animal.

Next, let’s talk some soft tissue. Now, I’m not as familiar with soft-tissue in frogs as I am their skeletons, so you’ll have to bear with me a bit (rawr). Beddard (1908!!) studied the soft tissue of Breviceps verrucosus Rapp 1842. It seems that the majority of the body of these frogs is actually muscle. Beddard noted that muscles join the leg at the knee that extend into the body cavity, such that the inclusion of the thigh in the body cavity is further accentuated by musculature. The rectus abdominalis muscle is unusually large, extending from the lower abdomen up and around the sides of the body. Indeed, this large size appears to be the pattern with all of the major muscles, though in the throat the typical arrangement of large and small muscles is somewhat reversed. On the lateral side of the head, there is a substance that is not muscle, but appears to be loose tissue in which sits what is apparently the thymus gland.

There is a very large gap between the end of the urostyle and the anus (one fifth of the total length of the frog), in which there are almost no muscles, save for the one surrounding the lower cloaca. On either side of this area, between the posterior-most muscles of the thigh, lie two large ‘lymph-hearts’, as described by Beddard. These are between one quarter and one third of the total length of the frog. A further lypmh-sac sits between these lymph-hearts and the skin of the femoral region, and they are thus probably analogous to the femoral lymph-sacs of other frogs.

I find it interesting that Beddard (1908) did not mention any glandular formations in the dorsal region. As is evidence from many images (see below), these frogs are able to secrete a white, sticky, noxious substance from their skin (which they actually have to use during amplexus, as the male is too small relative to the female to mount her properly, and so he sticks himself to her with his glandular glue… kinky).

[x]

These glands do not apparently take up a great deal of the cutaneous tissue, and so I suppose are of no consequence to the size of the frog, especially relative to its enormous muscles.

The diet of these frogs consists almost exclusively of hymenopterans and isopterans (ants and termites). Neither of these insect groups are particularly fatty, so it is little surprise that their bodies appear to contain no large fat deposits - fatty bodies extend from the gonads up to the lungs and heart, but these comprise only a tiny fraction of the frog’s mass, and don’t contribute to the round shape. Instead, their bodies are extremely muscular, allowing them to be adept burrowers, ideal for their fossorial lifestyle.

So TL;DR: rain frogs are little balls of muscle (maybe the largest muscle mass relative to body mass of any vertebrate? science just doesn’t know).

Ref:

Beddard, F.E. 1908. On the Musculature and other Points in the Anatomy of the Engystomatid Frog, Breviceps verrucosus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1908:11-41 [x]

[lunashare]

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[touyoufoto]

Ph. Rev Wu (TW)