#november 7 (october revolution day)

[sovietpostcards]

November 7 — October Revolution Day. One of the major holidays in the Soviet Union.

Here: postcards in various languages of the USSR celebrating November 7.

(via Aleksandr Romanov)

[reddest-flower]

What were the chief manifestations, survivals, remnants of serfdom in Russia up to 1917? The monarchy, the system of social estates, landed proprietorship and land tenure, the status of women, religion, and national oppression. Take any one of these Augean stables, which, incidentally, were left largely uncleansed by all the more advanced states when they accomplished their bourgeois-democratic revolutions one hundred and twenty-five, two hundred and fifty and more years ago (1649 in England); take any of these Augean stables, and you will see that we have cleansed them thoroughly. In a matter of ten weeks, from October 25 (November 7), 1917 to January 5, 1918, when the Constituent Assembly was dissolved, we accomplished a thousand times more in this respect than was accomplished by the bourgeois democrats and liberals (the Cadets) and by the petty-bourgeois democrats (the Mensheviks and the Socialist-Revolutionaries) during the eight months they were in power.

Those poltroons, gas-bags, vainglorious Narcissuses and petty Hamlets brandished their wooden swords—but did not even destroy the monarchy! We cleansed out all that monarchist muck as nobody had ever done before. We left not a stone, not a brick of that ancient edifice, the social-estate system even the most advanced countries, such as Britain, France and Germany, have not completely eliminated the survivals of that system to this day!), standing. We tore out the deep-seated roots of the social-estate system, namely, the remnants of feudalism and serfdom in the system of landownership, to the last. “One may argue” (there are plenty of quill-drivers, Cadets, Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries abroad to indulge in such arguments) as to what “in the long run” will be the outcome of the agrarian reform effected by the Great October Revolution. We have no desire at the moment to waste time on such controversies, for we are deciding this, as well as the mass of accompanying controversies, by struggle. But the fact cannot be denied that the petty-bourgeois democrats “compromised” with the landowners, the custodians of the traditions of serfdom, for eight months, while we completely swept the landowners and all their traditions from Russian soil in a few weeks.

Take religion, or the denial of rights to women, or the oppression and inequality of the non-Russian nationalities. These are all problems of the bourgeois-democratic revolution. The vulgar petty-bourgeois democrats talked about them for eight months. In not a single one of the most advanced countries in the world have these questions been completely settled on bourgeois-democratic lines. In our country they have been settled completely by the legislation of the October Revolution. We have fought and are fighting religion in earnest. We have granted all the non-Russian nationalities their own republics or autonomous regions. We in Russia no longer have the base, mean and infamous denial of rights to women or inequality of the sexes, that disgusting survival of feudalism and medievalism, which is being renovated by the avaricious bourgeoisie and the dull-witted and frightened petty bourgeoisie in every other country in the world without exception.

All this goes to make up the content of the bourgeois-democratic revolution. A hundred and fifty and two hundred and fifty years ago the progressive leaders of that revolution (or of those revolutions, if we consider each national variety of the one general type) promised to rid mankind of medieval privileges, of sex inequality, of state privileges for one religion or another (or “religious ideas ”, “the church” in general), and of national inequality. They promised, but did not keep their promises. They could not keep them, for they were hindered by their “respect”— for the “sacred right of private property”. Our proletarian revolution was not afflicted with this accursed “respect” for this thrice-accursed medievalism and for the “sacred right of private property”.

Fourth Anniversary of the October Revolution, V. I. Lenin (1921)

[todays-just-a-daydream]

in absence of a reunion noel interview i'm going back to revisit the great gallagher thaw of late 2014/early 2015 to try to make some sense outta these strange reunion times we are in now.

i've been really curious about this time period for awhile and stockpiling posts with the intention of assembling them in some kind of chronological order. still not quite sure what i'm looking at but it's a bit like find the edge pieces of a puzzle and snapping them together for a frame. you can get a vague idea while understanding much of the pieces are missing to complete the picture. most notably noel is giving interviews at this time while liam is mostly out of the public eye entirely.

assembled them in the queue and looking at them in order now and getting a bit choked up by what we have. even factoring in the normal album press cycle, noel's interviews have noticeable outlier moments during this time. charting his uncharacteristically relaxed calm fondness to emotionally raw moments when mentioning liam, it does look like any attempt at a truce all goes south within a months time (mid february to mid march 2015). coincidence it’s when dead in the water is written and the chasing yesterday is released? of course it’s not lost on me it also is at a period of nostalgia with the 20th anniversaries of their first two albums and part of the buzz about a reunion driven by stone roses reunion. but in the course of the entire feud it sticks out as different. and suggests noel was more invested in a reconciliation than he’d ever be willing to admit.

queuing them up now. when they're done posting i'll link them to the chronological list below to access them easily.

—

2014/2015 gallagher timeline

2014 february : beady eye cancels coachella gig, manager splits 21 october: "we're on good terms." (video) 25 october: "beady eye are no longer." ?? october: "don't give up"

17 november: in the heat of the moment released (do the damage bside) 31 december: "i think liam should make a solo record"

2015 12 january: ballad of the mighty i released (revolution song bside) 4 february: "i’d write him a few songs. i've got a few songs lying around that he'd be good at singing." (also takes a dig at beady eye) 20 february: "[liam] sends me cheeky texts from time to time." (interview) 25 february: "we're alright. i'm a bit concerned that he's starting to grow facial hair....family is family, you don't have to patch it up do you?…blood is thicker than mud." (interview) 26 february: dead in the water writing 28 february: recording dead in the water live at RTÉ 2FM radio studios in dublin (after dying of the light which airs 2 march with a live interview)

2 march: chasing yesterday released 14 march: "keeping it in the family" lg tweet with nghfb pass 21 march: "you're already ruining my day talking about him" 24 march: "liam is a very angry man still and as long as he's angry we won't be friends i'm afraid" 2(?) may: "can't be arsed" + lg tweet goad 7-11 may: "busted" lg tweet (in response to AA interview)

11 may: riverman released (leave my guitar alone bside)

26 july: liam playing bold in a pub (video)

28 august: lock all the doors single (here’s a candle for your birthday cake bside)

21 september: noel wishing liam a happy birthday 5(?) december: "and maybe one day you know we will get back together" (video)

[thatswhywelovegermany]

October 9, 1989: The day the dictatorial GDR regime broke

Throughout the 1980s, discontent among the population of the GDR about the economical and political situation kept growing. Nonetheless, the ruling party SED (Socialist Union Party of Germany) upheld its role as the only governing part of the state, continuing the process of the "socialist revolution" in the state. People started protesting against oppression of dissidents.

The situation became explosive after the rigged local elections on May 7, 1989. People didn't have the choice between multiple options. Instead, there was only one list of the "National Front", which was automatically counted as "yes" as soon as the ballot was dropped into the urn. The only way to vote "no" was to strike all entries in the list through with a straight line. Although this was a tedious proces that could easily be traced by the Stasi officers in the polling stations, many people made use of this way of voting "no". For the first time, citizens gathered in the polling stations to observe the process of counting. Althouth this was explicitly allowed by law (§ 37 of the voting act), access was denied in almost all cases. Nonetheless, members of the church documented electoral fraud and made it public. This led to the first protests, which the Stasi and regular police forced tried to quench. Around the same time, a mass exodus through neighboring countries to West Germany started.

These protests attracted more and more people. In many cases, the demonstrations started after peace prayers in the protestant churches throughout the country. But still, the oppressive system of the state held the upper hand. On October 7, 1989, the police forces, workers' militia, and Stasi arrested thousands of protesters in Leipzig and arrested them in horse stables on the grounds of the agricultural fair.

This led pastor Christoph Wonneberger to publish a plea for non-violence, which was agreed to by some SED secretaries read out loud over the city's public announcement system (by Leipzig's Gewandhaus Orchestra's conductor Kurt Masur) and during the peace prayers. On October 9, 1989, the situation was tense as approx. 130,000 people took to the streets, marching past the Stasi central. A massive presence of state forces was also present, and people feared a "Chinese solution", referring to the violent Tiananmen Square massacre earlier that year. However, the plea for non-violence by the power of its wording kept both protesters and state forces from violent actions and the protests ended peacefully and without any arrests.

This was the first time the GDR authorities gave in to the masses of protesters. The word spread, and protests sprang up in more and more cities throughout the country, leading to state leader Erich Honecker's demise on October 18 and culminated in the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, which ultimately led to the German reunification.

[nigrit]

From hubris to debris: "Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!"

This mboi to frev tumblrs. It was news to me! Taken from https://bestencyclopedia.com/Robespierre_Monument

Robespierre's self-destructing monument

Robespierre's statue being unveiled in Moscow, on 3 November 1918.

The Robespierre Monument (Памятник Робеспьеру) was one of the first monuments erected in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (later part of the Soviet Union), raised in Moscow on 3 November 1918 – just ahead of the first anniversary of the October Revolution, which had brought the Bolsheviks to power.

Located in Alexander Garden, it was designed by the sculptor Beatrice Yuryevna Sandomierz. Created as part of the "monumental propaganda" plan, the monument was commissioned by Vladimir Lenin, who in an edict referred to Robespierre as a "Bolshevik avant la lettre". It was only one of several planned statues depicting French revolutionaries – others were to be made of Georges Danton, François-Noël Babeuf and Jean-Paul Marat, although only the one of Danton was ever completed.

Created in the context of the ongoing Russian Civil War and with the country in a state of war communism, there were few materials available to make the statue. Lacking bronze or marble, the monument was constructed using concrete, with hollow pipes running through it. This design proved frail, lasting only a few days. On the morning of 7 November only a pile of rubble remained. Over the following days different newspapers supplied varying versions as to why it collapsed, with Znamya Trudovoi Kommuny and others saying it was the work of "criminal" (counter-revolutionary) hands, and Izvestia stating the statue's demise was caused by improper construction.

[impetuous-impulse]

Victor Meets Bonaparte, 1793

7 December, 1764 is Victor’s birthday. To be topical on the same day, let me detail the first meeting between Victor, then still using the name Claude Perrin, and the young artillery captain Napoleone Buonaparte at the Siege of Toulon. I will use the two Victor biographies I have access to: one by veternarian-turned-writer Jacques Le Costumier, the second by Jean-Pierre Tarin, who, in his avant-propos, accuses Le Costumier of publishing "a catalogue of errors" instead of a biography. The two authors illustrate the ways the same historical evidence can be spun in different ways to further different narratives about Victor and Bonaparte’s initial relationship. All translation errors are my own.

To set the scene, the man who would become Victor went to Toulon under the command of General Carteaux, where he was appointed adjutant-général chef de brigade (colonel) of a brigade of volunteers on 2 October 1793. Bonaparte, as I will call him for clarity, had been called to replace Carteaux’s commandant of artillery Dommartin on 7 September 1793, after the latter was shot in the shoulder and was unable to make his appointment to Toulon. General Doppet came to aid Carteaux after quelling resistance in Lyon, and Carteaux was replaced by General Dugommier on 16 November.

Here is how both biographies describe their meeting, with Tarin more extensively quoting Victor’s unpublished Memoires (1846):

Following his valourous conduct during the affair [a counter-attack at Arenes] on 30 November, Bonaparte was appointed adjutant-general [basically colonel]. "It was then that he became more particularly acquainted with Victor, whom Dugommier had brought from the left to the right of the Army. The Commander of artillery visited the quarters of the colonel of Volunteers every morning and took him to visit the batteries; relations of esteem and intimacy were promptly establisehd between them. In this moment perhaps, Bonaparte inscribed Victor among the number of Napoleon’s lieutenants, and perhaps Victor foresaw the conqueror he was to accompany, throughout all of Europe, on triumphant courses. Already, no doubt, he admired the surety of his certainty of his glance, the boldness of his plans, the promptness of its execution and the energy of his character.” (p. 34)

Le Costumier is eager to reinforce how dazzled Victor is by Bonaparte.

The Lorrainian historian Michel Caffier reproduces the remarks Victor would have made in Paris, two years later on Bonaparte. “What surprises me most about this man who entered the [military] career by his mathematical spirit is his appetite for reading. At Toulon, I saw him devour the works of Tacitus, [Michel de] Montaigne, Plato, Racine, and Livy which are not habitual companions of the bivouac. I was surprised by him. He replied to me: ‘I always find something to learn.’ Bonaparte for me, has a mind that thinks, and above all as we have seen in his reactions on the night of 12 Vendemaire, he has a mind that thinks fast. [...] His career will not end here. He knows how to command, to act. He also reflects and I saw him at Toulon writing a document for the Academy of Lyon on the verities and feelings that are most important to instill in men for their happiness.” (pp. 27-28)

Let us put aside the fact that the veracity of Victor’s statements, not to mention the later date at which he wrote them with how he uses “Bonaparte”, a spelling only used since 1796, instead of “Buonaparte”. Let us admire that Le Costumier has created a perfect picture of Victor being won over by Bonaparte during the Revolution. Tarin is not so sure, however:

Let us refrain from all abusive extrapolations: fraternity of arms, no doubt, esteem certainly, but as to intimacy… The general Doppet wrote in his memoirs about Bonaparte: “This young officer never left his batteries.” […] It was therefore at this moment that relations were established between Victor and Bonaparte which, “without having presented a great character of intimacy, nevertheless did not remain without influence on the state of the military career" of the Vosgien. (pp. 34)

Here’s the kicker: the first quote is from Doppet’s memoirs (he died in 1799, so there is no doubt they are contemporary). The second quote is from Biographies contemporaines, Vol. I by A. Boullée, published in 1863. Tarin uses these quotes combined to declare Victor and Bonaparte’s intimacy as only “plausible”. He also posits that rapport was borne of a similar career path, not of natural friendship, and that Victor was quite normal about Bonaparte:

Furthermore, the fact that both were artillerymen had obviously played a role, even if Victor did not have the same level of theoretical knowledge as Bonaparte; this is what we call espirit de corps. […] On this occasion, it seems fair to say that Victor admired Bonaparte’s qualities. He experienced what all his contemporaries recognised. (ibid.)

So, was Victor under Bonaparte’s spell from the start? Quite hard to tell, considering we only have Victor's memoirs as evidence. It is still highly interesting to read Victor's account of their meeting, considering he was one of few soldiers Napoleon had known since Toulon, aside from Junot and Marmont, that stayed under his influence until the Empire collapsed. And out of these three, two went over to the Bourbons at the first chance, while the other went mad in his devotion.

[squadron-goals]

Ein Heldenleben (A Hero's Life) is an expanded version of Manfred von Richthofen's memoir Der Rote Kampfflieger (The Red Baron). In addition to the autobiography, it includes letters from Manfred to his family (like the 1933 edition) and some chapters that were not included in the book, as well as other comments and anecdotes from people who were close to him. It also includes accounts by his brother Lothar von Richthofen.

Overview:

Visit to the Great Headquarters

My Engagement

A flight in an observation balloon

A day at Staffel 11 (by Lothar von Richthofen)

At Jagdgeschwader Richthofen (by a Dutch reporter)

Richthofen as leader and comrade (by Leutnant Friedrich Wilhelm Lübbert, Jasta 11)

In memory of Richthofen (by v. B.)

An encounter (by Emil August Glogau)

The mother about the boy Manfred

Letter by Leutnant Hans Joachim Wolff to Leutnant Lothar Freiherr von Richthofen

How Richthofen shot down his seventy fifth victory (by Leutnant Lampel)

Richthofen (by Erich von Salzmann): Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

At court for the second time

Letters of Erwin Böhme: Before the war, Erwin Böhme worked as an engineer in East Africa. When the war started he was already 37 years old. This did not stop him and he became a successful fighter pilot, being personally selected by Boelcke to join his fighter squadron. In 1916 he met the daughter of a former business colleague and they fell in love. The following letters are those Böhme wrote to his later fiancée Annamarie during the war days. [Translated are the parts of the letters where Böhme describes his life as a fighter pilot.]

Landres, 24 June 1916

Kowel, 7 July 1916

Kowel, 3 August 1916

Kowel, 15 August 1916

Bertincourt, 11 September 1916

Bertincourt, 21 September 1916

Somme, 4 October 1916

Somme, 18 October 1916

Lagnicourt, 31 October 1916

Lagnicourt, 12 November 1916

Jagdstaffel Boelcke, 12 December 1916

Partenkirchen, 28 January 1917

Jagdstaffel Boelcke, 8 April 1917

Valenciennes, 25 April 1917

Valenciennes, 9 May 1917

Valenciennes, 3 July 1917

Jagdstaffel 29, 16 July 1917

Jagdstaffel 29, 7 August 1917

Jagdstaffel 29, 17 August 1917

18 August 1917

Jagdstaffel Boelcke, 21 September 1917

“With the aces”, 20 October 1917

Rumbeke, 31 October 1917

Back with the aces again, 31 October 1917

4 November 1917, Sunday morning

Jagdstaffel Boelcke, 14 November 1917

Bavikhove, 16 November 1917

Bavikhove, 19 November 1917

27 November 1917

The End

Rudolf Berthold – a man who never let himself be dissuaded from his convictions. A man who, despite the worst injuries always returned to the front as quickly as possible. A man for whom the war was not over, even if it was over for his country. A summary of Bertholds life can be found in the pinned post over @subtile-jagden The following are translated diary entries as well as some of his letters.

Before mobilization It is getting serious! First challenges Emergency landing Important reconnaissance flights during the advance The most beautiful day of my life! Finally a pilot! Buddecke, the dear comrade! Feldfliegerabteilung 23 End of 1915 Single seater fighter unit Vaux and the first victories An unfortunate day for Berthold Back to the unit Jasta 4, the Pour le mérite and a new challenge Beginning of 1917 Finally off to Flanders End of 1918: Ceasefire and revolution 1919 / 1920: Uncertainties, Soldier´s Councils and the Last Fight

Ernst Jünger was a passionate diarist. During his time in the First World War, he filled 14 diaries. Based on these entries, he wrote his popular book Storms of Steel. The diary entries provide additional information, funny stories and reveal his true feelings during this turbulent time.

First experiences Officer Candidate and Relocation First Cannonade First wound Back at the front Days at the front and stories from old friends Quéant Friendly contact with the enemy New year, same situtation A love affair Officer training course Back in the trenches and dangerous patrols Mine warfare and gas attacks An English prisoner and a funeral Summer 1916 Battle of the Somme Part 1 A short break from fighting and another injuriy Wartime conditions Another injury

[devoted1989]

the true story of laika the space dog - lies and deception

Whether it be zoos, circuses, puppy mills, elephant rides or the origin of our food, denial allows us to live in comfortable oblivion and allows us to live our lives blissfully unaware.

Here is just one story of the public being sold a story that they chose to believe because the alternative was too horrible to imagine.

During the 1950s and 1960s the Soviet space program launched missions with passenger slots for at least 57 dogs. Sputnik 1 made history, becoming the first man-made, unmanned object to orbit the Earth in October 1957.

Laika was plucked from obscurity on the streets of Moscow and rocketed to international fame aboard Sputnik 2, the space satellite that was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. She was the first dog to be sent into orbit. Sadly, her death during the 3 November, 1957 mission was expected from its outset.

Soviet engineers planned Sputnik 2 hastily after Premier Nikita Khrushchev requested a flight to coincide with November 7, 1957, the 40th anniversary of Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution.

Using what they had learned from the unmanned Sputnik 1 and often working without blueprints, teams rushed to build a ship that included a pressurized compartment for a flying dog.

The Soviet canine recruiters began their quest with a herd of female stray dogs because females were smaller and believed to be more docile. Initial tests determined obedience and passivity.

Canine finalists lived in tiny pressurized capsules for days and then weeks at a time. The doctors also checked their reactions to changes in air pressure and to loud noises that would accompany liftoff.

Eventually, the team chose the placid Kudryavka as Sputnik 2’s dog cosmonaut. Introduced to the public via radio, Kudryavka barked and later became known as Laika, “barker” in Russian.

Doctors performed surgery on her, embedding medical devices in her body to monitor heart impulses, breathing rate, blood pressure and physical movement.

Engineers believed the ship’s 1,120-pound payload, six times as heavy as Sputnik 1, could be kept within limits by feeding its passenger only once.

According to a NASA document, Laika was placed into the capsule 3 days before the flight. On November 3, Sputnik 2 lifted off with g-forces reaching five times normal gravity levels.

With a pounding heart and rapid breath, Laika rode a rocket into the Earth’s orbit, 2,000 miles above the Moscow streets she knew. Overheated, cramped, and frightened, the space dog gave her life for her country, involuntarily fulfilling a canine “suicide” mission.

Scientists expected Laika to die from oxygen deprivation - within 15 seconds - after seven days in space.

She reached orbit alive, circling the Earth in about 103 minutes. After 4 circuits the loss of the heat shield made the temperature in the capsule rise unexpectedly, taking its toll on Laika.

Sputnik 2 continued to orbit for five months.

During and after the flight, the Soviet Union kept up the fiction that Laika survived for several days. The official documents were falsified. Soviet broadcasts claimed that Laika was alive until November 12. It was widely reported that she died due to oxygen depletion - or as the Soviet government initially claimed - that she was euthanised prior to depletion.

It was only in 2002 that the real facts of Laika’s flight and death were revealed.

Tragically, even if everything had worked perfectly, and if she had been lucky enough to have plenty of food, water and oxygen, she would have died when the spaceship re-entered the atmosphere after 2,570 orbits.

Laika became a hero in her homeland; stamps bearing her image were issued across the Soviet empire and a brand of cigarettes was even named after her. More recently, a monument to Soviet cosmonauts was erected at Star City, near Moscow - and peering out from behind them is Laika.

Her story is related with adulation in books about dogs and on canine websites.

The story of Laika, the first dog in space, had been romantisised to conceal the facts and keep the public comfortable. Despite the hype and excitement surrounding her journey the public was lied to.

Laika was seen as a hero, going from the cruel streets of Moscow to the fame of being the first dog in space. In reality, her safe return was never an option.

Sources: Smithsonian Magazine, Britannica, Time Magazine and Wikipedia.

 

[nutria--oscura]

Fun thing I learned in A-level history today:

So. During the French Revolution, the French Revolutionaries wanted to separate the state from the Church as much as possible. So much so, that they went as far as to introduce a new calendar, the "French Republican Calendar" (also known as the "French Revolutionary Calendar". Day 1, year 1 of this calendar was 22nd September 1792 (Gregorian Calendar), the day France was declared a republic.

Now, the 12 months of the calendar contained 3 décades of 10 days each (rather than our 4 weeks of 7 days). The months had their names changed to the ones below:

[id: picture of the French Republican Calendar. The title reads "The New Republican Calendar". Under it there are three columns as reproduced below:

New Name Meaning Time Period

Vendemaire Vintage September 22 - October 21

Brumaire Fog October 22 - November 20

Frimaire Frost November 21 - December 20

Nivose Snow December 21 - January 19

Pluvoise Rain January 20 - February 18

Ventose Wind February 19 - March 20

Germinal Budding March 21 - April 19

Florea Flowers April 20 - May 19

Prairial Meadow May 20 - June 18

Messidor Harvest June 19 - July 18

Thermidor Heat July 19 - August 17

Fructidor Fruit August 18 - September 21

"New Name" column is written in red, "Meaning" column is written in blue, and "Time Period" column is written in black. There are vertically extended versions of the French flag on Esther side of the table /end id]

All this to say, my name is Raine (pronounced Rain) and my birthday falls in Pluvoise (Rain). Love when my special interests confirm that I truly chose the right name.

[nordleuchten]

24 Days of La Fayette: December 21st - Michel Capitaine du Chesnoy

Michel Capitaine du Chesnoy (1746–1804) was a French officer who had served in the French army as a geographical engineer and lieutenant in the Regiment d’Aquitaine. He was among the first group of officers that traveled with La Fayette onboard L’Hermione to America. He was promised the rank of Captain by Silas Dean on December 1, 1776.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 18.

Despite the promising start to this adventure, Capitaine’s luck soon turned. One of his compoaniogns, Du Rousseau de Fayolle (who was featured on day 3) noted in his travel journal:

We endured abominable heat in South Carolina, and to refresh ourselves at the end of each day we had to accept horrible lodgings and detestable water. Further, one of our band fell sick at Charlotte, the second town we came to. It is one of the worst places imaginable. We found a doctor, however, who took great care of the sick man. He took him, as well as us, to his house, and I did not leave there until the sick officer was out of danger.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 69.

The illness on its own was dreadful enough, but it got worse. Capitaine convalesced in an inn in Salisbury … and he was somewhat forgotten there. The rest of the group pressed on to Philadelphia, there to meet with the Congress and to get their commissions confirmed. But he was never sent for. La Fayette wrote to Henry Laurens on November 18, 1778:

As I have seen just now a letter from the same Mr. Capitaine dated Salsbury the 28 october Where he seems very much concerned to be left by me since five months in a inn at a very great expense and therefore engaged in many debts, without receiving any order, and any direction, I incline to believe that some thing was misunderstood in it.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 153.

To Capitaine’s misery, it was not only La Fayette who seemed to have forgotten him, but Laurens’ also did forget that La Fayette had written him on that matter. He replied to the Marquis on December 6, 1777:

I have taken the liberty of obtruding this prolix detail in order to account for my tardiness & in some measure to plead my excuse, especially for my neglect of your intimation relative to Monsr. Capitaine, which has been with me nine days, yet I have not at all interfered in the business-the Subject important as it is, had wholly escaped my memory. Let me incur your censure Sir, in preference to the reproaches of my own mind, or an attempt to insult you, which would follow a fallacious apology. But Sir, before you will have an opportunity of Superceding the power you have vested with me, I shall have Set myself so heartily to the discharge of that trust as will render it unnecessary for you to employ another Attorney & I am not without hope of regaining your confidence. Be assured Sir I will not lose Sight of the Subject until I have done everything that shall be practicable for accomplishing your desires.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, p. 177.

Things began finally to lock up for Capitaine in early 1778. Laurens wrote to La Fayette on January 28, 1778:

I have taken such measures as I think cannot fail to bring Monsr. Capitaine & the Baggage forward. Major Polke who left the Army last Week has engaged not only to deliver my Letter but to exert his utmost endeavors that my direction & requests shall be duly executed.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 1, December 7, 1776–March 30, 1778, Cornell University Press, 1977, pp. 262-263.

Laurens had asked his friends Matthew Locke and Matthew Troy to settle Capitaine’s accounts with his own money and to arrange for the Frenchman to travel to New York. So far so well, but now that Capitaine was on his way to finally join the army, new problems arose for him, as La Fayette wrote to Henry Laurens on April 10, 1778:

You remember, sir, when I arrived at Philadelphia that I have alwai's mentionn’d a french officer of my family Mr. Capitaine of the rgt. of Aquitaine, who on account of his being sick had been left in Carolina when I came through those states, and for reasons too long to explain was never sent for till this moment. ’Tis to you, sir, that I have the obligation of his being in York. The engagement he has made with Mr. Deane was to be A capitaine whose commission and appointements would run since October 1776. When those engagements didnt meet with the approbation of Congress it was promised that Mr. Capitaine would be looked on in a different light. I leave entirely to the Congress what they will think proper to do for him, but beg leave to observe that officers who have no more seen the fire of the last campaign have been promoted to much higher ranks.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1978, p. 23.

On the same day he wrote to Laurens, La Fayette also wrote to Horatio Gates, who served as President of the Board of War. Gates replied on April 15, 1778, that Capitaine had been recommended for a captaincy – which was confirmed later that same month. The date of the commission was December of 1776. His first assignment as a geographical engineer was to map the expedition on the Susquehanna River. But La Fayette had other plans for Capitaine, as he wrote to Henry Laurens on April 25, 1778:

(Betwen you and me) I schould have been happy had Mr. Capitaine been left to me for drawing the last campaign as far as possible and for to begin the next one — but if he is thaught useful any where else I have no objection to his going, and am very glad he is employed if no other can do the business. However I want him be considered as mine because he was given to me by the Marshal and Count de Broglio — to whom he was belonging before they attached him to me as a present. Such a gentleman will be very useful to me when the business of the Susquehana schall be done, and by the same reason to the common wheale. As his expenses have been very high Congress will pay what they think proper and if not all I schall pay the remains.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1978, p. 34.

While La Fayette’s sound rather possessive in this letter, his interest in Capitaine’s skills was understandable. Have a look at the map Capitaine drew for La Fayette of the retreat of Barren Hill:

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1978, p. 8.

La Fayette repeated his desire for Capitaine to serv under him in a letter to Henry Laurens from July 23, 1778:

There is a thing I now particularly Reccommend both to the president and to my friend. Mr. Capitaine one of my family has got the commission of a captain of engeneers. He has since been useful to the country by his Drafts of the Susquehana. You Rembember that I did object a little to his being made an engeneer because I foresaw what would happen. The corps du genie can’t help considering him as an officer of theyrs who is to do duty with them. Mr. Capitaine was in the Marshal of Broglio’s family, they made me a present of him and I attach’d him to serve to me not only in America and in war but also to stay in the family in peaceble times. Such an officer I ca’nt spare, and I will employ him to make plans of our positions and battles for Gal. Washington, for me, and also for the king who will be glad to have an exact draft of Gal. Washington’s battles. The only way of getting him out of the engeneery is to have for him a commission of Major in the line; he is now in my family but I want to have him entirely my supern-aide de camp. I do’nt speack to any body about that affair, and as I have it more at heart than any other business of that kind I want to have that obligation to your frienship. I Even confess I wish to have it soon done to avoid any compromise.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1978, pp. 112-113.

La Fayette eventually got his way and Capitaine remained his aide-de-camp and map maker until the Yorktown campaign. La Fayette also managed to get Capitaine a brevet commission as major on November 5, 1778.

Capitaine accompanied La Fayette during the Marquis’ first return to France and maps drawn by him were presented to the King’s ministers. La Fayette was further accompanied by two of his other aide-de-camps, Gimat (day 19) and La Colombe (day 20). He endorsed promotions for all three men and Capitaine was made a Captain in the King’s Dragoons in June of 1779 and his salary was increased in March of 1780.

Upon their return to America, Capitaine remained in La Fayette’s service. While he was principally employed for his skills as a geographical engineer, we also have several letters that Capitaine copied, translated, or wrote for La Fayette. He also delivered messages between La Fayette and Rochambeau.

Capitaine served at La Fayette’s side until December 1781, when he sailed to France, never to return to America. Despite this, he kept his rank in the American army until he was honourably discharged in November of 1783. As part of the French army, he served with the troops intended to sail from Cadiz with d’Estaing.

Capitaine, as well as the Marquise and Marquis de La Fayette and others, was invited to Benjamin Franklin’s Independence Day celebration in 1783. He wrote to William Temple Franklin, with whom he was friends since 1779, on July 3, 1783, that he could not attend since he was busy assisting La Fayette with some business.

By August of 1783, Capitaine was still owned 1600$ as pay for his service in America. Richard Peters was nominated on August 20, 1783, by Benjamin Franklin to receive the money due to Capitaine. Concerning this matter Peters wrote to Thomas Jefferson on October 1, 1786, more than three years later:

I hope your Friendship will induce you to excuse the Trouble I give you in negotiating a little Affair for me. I recieved 930 Dollars for a Captain Capitaine which has been lying in our Bank for a long Time as I could not pay it before I recieved a proper Power of Attorney from Mr. Capitaine to make a Settlement of his Accounts. Having now recieved it and got thro’ the necessary Forms I have troubled you to find him out and pay him the Sum mentioned in the enclosed Bill taking his Reciept therefor of which I beg you will be pleased to inform me. Be assured of the most respectful and sincere Esteem with which I am Your obed hble Servt., Richard Peters He was Aid to the Marquis de la Fayette who will inform you of the Place of his Residence.

“To Thomas Jefferson from Richard Peters, 1 October 1786,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 10, 22 June–31 December 1786, ed. Julian P. Boyd. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954, pp. 416–417.] (07/02/2023)

Capitaine served as an assistant on the French army general staff until 1790.

At least one of Capitaines drawings of the American War garnered great interest in Paris as an engraving.

To end this post, let us have a look at a few more maps that Capitaine produced:

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 2, April 10, 1778–March 20, 1780, Cornell University Press, 1978, p. 159.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 3, April 27, 1780–March 29, 1781, Cornell University Press, 1980, p. 198.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 4, April 1, 1781–December 23, 1781, Cornell University Press, 1981, p. 11.

Idzerda Stanley J. et al., editors, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790, Volume 4, April 1, 1781–December 23, 1781, Cornell University Press, 1981, p. 295.

[sovietpostcards]

Postcard by I. Shkuber (1965)

[theworstfoundingfathers]

Who is the worst? Round 1: Joseph Warren vs George Mason

Joseph Warren (June 11, 1741 – June 17, 1775), a Founding Father of the United States, was an American physician who was one of the most important figures in the Patriot movement in Boston during the early days of the American Revolution, eventually serving as President of the revolutionary Massachusetts Provincial Congress. Warren enlisted Paul Revere and William Dawes on April 18, 1775, to leave Boston and spread the alarm that the British garrison in Boston was setting out to raid the town of Concord and arrest rebel leaders John Hancock and Samuel Adams. Warren participated in the Battles of Lexington and Concord the following day, the opening engagements of the American Revolutionary War.

Although Warren was successful in rallying many slaves to join the fight for freedom and independence against the Loyalists, he ironically was a slave owner himself.

George Mason (December 11, 1725 [O.S. November 30, 1725] – October 7, 1792) was an American planter, politician, Founding Father, and delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, one of three delegates present who refused to sign the Constitution. His writings, including substantial portions of the Fairfax Resolves of 1774, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and his Objections to this Constitution of Government (1787) opposing ratification, have exercised a significant influence on American political thought and events. The Virginia Declaration of Rights, which Mason principally authored, served as a basis for the United States Bill of Rights, of which he has been deemed a father.

Mason prepared the first draft of the Virginia Declaration of Rights in 1776, and his words formed much of the text adopted by the final Revolutionary Virginia Convention. He also wrote a constitution for the state; Thomas Jefferson and others sought to have the convention adopt their ideas, but they found that Mason's version could not be stopped. During the American Revolutionary War, Mason was a member of the powerful House of Delegates of the Virginia General Assembly, but to the irritation of Washington and others, he refused to serve in the Continental Congress in Philadelphia, citing health and family commitments.

Mason routinely spoke out against slavery, even before America's independence. In 1773, he wrote that slavery was "that slow Poison, which is daily contaminating the Minds & Morals of our People. Every Gentlemen here is born a petty Tyrant." In 1774, he advocated ending the international slave trade.

However, Mason owned many slaves. In Fairfax County, only George Washington owned more, and Mason is not known to have freed any, even in his March 1773 will ultimately transcribed into the Fairfax County probate records in October 1792 (the original was then lost).

[mvdbutler]

AEW SHOWS OF 2024

BEST 29-APRIL 3, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Collision: Worcester APRIL 5, 2024 ROH Supercard of Honor 2024 28-AEW/ROH MAY DYNAMITE CITY MAY 1, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Winnipeg 27-NOVEMBER 13, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Bridgeport NOVEMBER 14, 2024 AEW Collision: Albany 26-JANUARY 3, 2024 AEW OPENING WEEK Dynamite Rampage Newark JANUARY 6, 2024 AEW Collision: Charlotte 25-AEW/ROH WINTER WAR 2024 FEBRUARY 7, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Phoenix FEBRUARY 10, 2024 AEW Collision: Henderson 24-MARCH 20, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Toronto 23-JULY 10, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Collision: Calgary 22-AEW/ROH EASTER SHOOTOUT MARCH 27, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Quebec City MARCH 30, 2024 AEW Collision: London,ONT 21-AEW/ROH DYNAMITE/RAMPAGE/COLLISION JACKSONVILLE APRIL 24 APRIL 26 APRIL 27 20-OCTOBER 2, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Pittsburgh OCTOBER 3, 2024 AEW Collision: Toledo 19-AEW/ROH Beach Break JULY 3, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Chicago JULY 6, 2024 AEW Collision/Rampage: Southaven 18-MAY 29, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage Los Angeles MAY 30, 2024 AEW Collision: Palm Springs 17-JANUARY 10, 2024 HOMECOMING AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Jacksonville JANUARY 13, 2024 AEW Collision: Norfolk BATTLE OF THE BELTS IX 16-AEW/ROH GREAT JULY BASH JULY 17, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Little Rock JULY 20, 2024 AEW Collision: Arlington 15-AEW/ROH OCTOBER CHAOS OCTOBER 16, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: San Jose OCTOBER 17, 2024 AEW Collision: Stockton/BOTB XII: 14-APRIL 17, 2024 AEW Dynamite: Indianapolis APRIL 20, 2024 AEW Collision/Rampage: Peoria AEW Dynasty ST.LOUIS April 21 13-OCTOBER 30, 2024 AEW FRIGHT NIGHT Dynamite/Rampage: Cleveland NOVEMBER 2, 2024 AEW Collision: Philadelphia 12-NOVEMBER 20, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Reading NOVEMBER 23, 2024 AEW: Full Gear 2024 11-DECEMBER 22, 2024 AEW Dynamite: New York DECEMBER 28, 2024 AEW: Worlds End 10-July 24th 2024 AEW/ROH BLOOD AND GUTS/RAMPAGE JULY 26, 2024 ROH Death Before Dishonor JULY 27, 2024 AEW Collision: Arlington BATTLE OF THE BELTS XI 9-AEW/ROH BIGTIMEMANIA XXXI AUGUST 7, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Winston-Salem AUGUST 10, 2024 AEW Collision: Arlington 8-AEW/ROH BLACK NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 27, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Collision: Chicago 7-MAY 22, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Bakersfield MAY 25, 2024 AEW Collision: Las Vegas MAY 26, 2024 AEW: Double or Nothing 2024 6-SEPTEMBER 4, 2024 AEW Dynamite: Milwaukee SEPTEMBER 6, 2024 AEW Collision/Rampage: Chicago SEPTEMBER 7, 2024 AEW: All Out 2024 5-MARCH 13, 2024 AEW Big Business Boston, MA 4-OCTOBER 8, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Spokane OCTOBER 12, 2024 AEW: WrestleDream 2024 3-FEBRUARY 28, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Collision: Huntsville MARCH 3, 2024 AEW Revolution 2024 2-JUNE 26, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Collision: Buffalo AEW x NJPW: Forbidden Door June 30, 2024 Elmont, New York UBS Arena

1-AUGUST 21, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Collision: Cardiff AUGUST 25, 2024 AEW All In: London 2024

WORST 12-AEW/ROH SPRINGSLAM APRIL 10, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Charleston APRIL 13, 2024 AEW Collision/BOTB X: Highland Heights 11-NOVEMBER 6, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Manchester NOVEMBER 7, 2024 AEW Collision: Providence 10-JULY 31, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Greenville AUGUST 1, 2024 AEW Collision: Arlington 9-AEW/ROH WINTER IN COMING DECEMBER 11, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Kansas City DECEMBER 12, 2024 AEW Collision: St. Louis 8-SEPTEMBER 25, 2024 AEW Grand Slam: Dynamite & Collision 7-AEW/ROH BEATDOWN DAY 2024 SEPTEMBER 11, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Lexington SEPTEMBER 12, 2024 AEW Collision: Dayton 6-OCTOBER 23, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Salt Lake City OCTOBER 26, 2024 AEW Collision: Cedar Rapids 5-JANUARY 17, 2024 AEW/ROH 1ST BIG BATTLE OF 2024 Dynamite/Rampage: North Charleston JANUARY 20, 2024 AEW Collision: St. Louis 4-AEW/ROH THE FINAL WAR OF 2024 DECEMBER 4, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Indianapolis DECEMBER 7, 2024 AEW Collision: Columbus 3-AUGUST 28, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Champaign AUGUST 31, 2024 AEW Collision: Sioux Falls 2-AEW/ROH JUNE POINT BREAK JUNE 12, 2024 AEW Dynamite/Rampage: Des Moines JUNE 15, 2024 AEW Collision: Youngstown 1-DECEMBER 18, 2024 AEW: Dynamite/Rampage: Washington HOLIDAY BASH DECEMBER 20, 2024 ROH: Final Battle 2024 DECEMBER 21, 2024 AEW Collision: New York

[darkmaga-returns]

There is always risk in pulling a quote from the Internet from someone famous; often the quotes are paraphrased, falsely attributed, or just plain made up. But this past week really deserves the following quote, purportedly from the father of the Russian revolution, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

He said: “There are decades where nothing happens; and there are weeks where decades happen.”

Where do we even start looking back at the last seven days?

The collapse of the Democrat Party was on full display this past Tuesday here in America. And its fallout — from a billion dollar election war chest to $20 million in debt — is a scathing indictment of the stench of dysfunction in this country. But really, that’s the just start of some of the wild news that emerged from countries around the globe this week.

Germany — The three-party coalition government effectively collapsed, according to The Guardian, after Chancellor Olaf Scholz unexpectedly fired Finance Minister Christian Lindner, who is also leader of the coalition member Free Democratic Party. The country’s instability comes at a most inopportune time; Germany’s economy is about to implode from looney-tunes ‘green’ policies that have crippled the energy and manufacturing sectors. Watch this story as it unfolds, it is absolutely one of the saddest tales of complex incompetence that has the potential to set off an economic crisis of epic proportions.

Israel — Prime Minister Bibi Netanyahu dismissed his Defense Minister Yoav Gallant on Tuesday, and by Wednesday, Israelis were protesting in the streets of Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Jerusalem, as reported by Sky News. Netanyahu attributed the firing to a "crisis of trust,” while Gallant appeared to press for a hostage deal in Gaza, drafting Orthodox Jews into the military, and an inquiry into the failures around the October 7, 2023 terror attack. Of course, given the ongoing hostilities with its neighbors, uncertainty and instability is breeding ground for error or worse, erratic decisions. Hear that ‘tick tick tick’ sound? You know what that is. Be prepared mentally, spiritually and any other way you can think of.

Spain — Two words you don’t often see in the same sentence: Spain and flooding. But over the past couple of weeks, Spain has suffered terrible flash flooding. About two weeks ago, in Valencia, almost 1.5 feet of rain fell in just eight hours. This past week, rain came down so quickly in the coastal town of Cadaques, that a torrent of water washed 30 or more vehicles down the street piling them up against a bridge like so many dinky toys. Unlike Valencia though, there was no loss of life in Cadaques (thankfully). Protests have been reported — lots of angry people are watching government inaction as confirmation of its contempt for its citizens.

Taiwan — Now this is what you call ‘just-in-time’ delivery! From The Defense Post:Taiwan has received its first batch of High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) from the United States, Taipei’s defense ministry said Wednesday, as the island races to boost its defenses against a potential Chinese attack.Washington has long been Taipei’s most important ally and biggest arms supplier — angering Beijing, which claims Taiwan as part of its own territory.In the past five decades, the United States has sold Taiwan billions of dollars worth of military equipment and ammunition, including F-16 fighter jets and warships.Of note, the HIMARS system can fire a variety of munitions, including the Army Tactical Missile Systems (ATACMS), which Taiwan has also purchased. Given a range of about 186 miles, which means it can reach mainland China, the ATACMS system is just another finger poke in the Chinese eye.

[brookston]

Holidays 11.7

Holidays

American Choral Society Day

Ben Ali Commemoration Day (Tunisia)

Climate Action Day

Commemoration Day (Tunisia)

Day of Accord and Reconciliation (Russia)

Day of the Hungarian Opera (Hungary)

Days of History and Memory (Kyrgyzstan)

Dunce Day

Employee Brotherhood Day (SpongeBob Squarepants)

European Radon Day

Gastrointestinal Day (Germany)

Gentian Day

Good Tummy Day (Japan)

Hug a Bear Day

Hungarian Opera Day (Hungary)

International African Writers’ Day (a.k.a. Pan African Writers’ Day)

International Day of Medical Physics

International Inuit Day

Little League Girls Day

Magazine Day

Medical Science Liaison Awareness and Appreciation Day

Melbourne Cup Day (Victoria, Australia)

Meteorite Day

National Bassist Day

National Cancer Awareness Day (India)

National Canine Lymphoma Awareness Day

National Day for the Victims of Communism

National Day in Northern Catalonia (France)

National Day of Remembrance for Ka Otis (Philippines)

National Food Fortification Day (Philippines)

National Inuit Day (Canada)

National Keith Day

National Lori Day

National Programmatic Advertising Day

National Railway Day (Canada)

National Retinol Day

National Revolution and Solidarity Day (Bangladesh)

Notary Public Day

N7 Day (from “Mass Effect”)

Outdoor Classroom Day (UK)

Red Cup Day

Republican Elephant Day

Return Day (Delaware)

Social Revolution Day (Kyrgyzstan)

Stay Away from Anyone Named Honest John Day

Students’ Day (Maharashtra, India)

Supporting Male Victims of Domestic Abuse Day (UK)

Tajik Theatre Day (Tajikistan)

Treaty of the Pyrenees Day (Northern Catalonia, France)

Victims of Communism Day (Florida, Missouri)

Watercress Day (French Republic)

Williams Syndrome Day (UK)

World Cancer Awareness Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Chocolate Mud Cake Day (Sweden)

International Merlot Day

Martini Day

National Bittersweet Chocolate with Almonds Day

National Kumquat Day

World Pad Thai Day (UK)

Independence & Related Days

October Revolution Day (Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Transdniestria, former U.S.S.R.; 1917)

Revolution Day (Bangladesh; 1971)

1st Thursday in November

International Day Against Violence & Bullying at School including Cyberbullying [1st Thursday]

International Project Management Day (a.k.a. IPM Day) [1st Thursday]

International Stout Day [1st Thursday]

Kid Lit Art Postcard Day [1st Thursday]

National Cash Back Day [1st Thursday]

National Casting Day [1st Thursday]

National Men Make Dinner [1st Thursday]

National Non-Fiction Day (UK) [1st Thursday]

Thankful Thursday [1st Thursday of Each Month]

Thanksgiving Day (Liberia) [1st Thursday]

Therapy Thursday [1st Thursday of Each Month]

Thirsty Thursday [Every Thursday]

Three for Thursday [Every Thursday]

Thrift Store Thursday [Every Thursday]

Throwback Thursday [Every Thursday]

World Digital Preservation Day [1st Thursday]

Weekly Holidays beginning November 7 (1st Full Week of November)

Dear Santa Letter Week (thru 11.13)

National Book Awards Week

Volusia County Fair (DeLand, Florida) [thru 11.17]

Festivals Beginning November 7, 2024

Caribbean Food and Wine Festival (Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands) [thru 11.10]

Cork International Film Festival (Cork, Ireland) [thru 11.17]

Creativa Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain) [thru 11.10]

Dharamshala International Film Festival (Dharamshala, India) [thru 11.10]

Gatlinburg Winter Magic and Chili Cookoff (Gatlinburg, Tennessee)

International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg (Mannheim, Germany) [thru 11.17]

PizzaCon (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)

Port Barre Cracklin Festival (Port Barre, Louisiana) [thru 11.10]

Spinach Festival (Crystal City, Texas) [thru 11.10]

Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards (Taipei, Taiwan) [thru 11.24]

Taste of the Ozarks (Springfield, Missouri)

Taste of the Town (Pasadena, Texas)

The WhiskyX (Austin, Texas)

World Food Championships (Indianapolis, Indiana) [thru 11.12]

World Film Festival of Bangkok (Bangkok, Thailand) [thru 11.17]

Feast Days

Albert Camus (Writerism)

All Dominican Saints and Blesseds (Christian)

Armstrong Sperry (Artology)

Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg (Lutheran)

Billy the Grownup (Muppetism)

Birth of Baháʼu'lláh (Baha'i) [2 Muharram]

Charles Baudelaire Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Engelbert II of Berg (Christian; Saint)

Feat of All Saints of the Dominican Order

Feast of Blessed John Duns Scotus (The Subtle Doctor)

Feast of Stolen Fire

Festivals of the Twin Birthdays, Day 2 (Baha'i)

Florentius (Christian; Saint)

Francisco de Zurbarán (Artology)

Hawaiian Harvest Festival to Lomo (Ancient Hawai’i)

Herculanus of Perugia (Christian; Saint)

Jan Matulka (Artology)

John Christian Frederick Heyer (Lutheran)

John Duns Scotus (Christian; Blessed)

Lesser Ury (Artology)

Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen (Lutheran)

Makahikii Festival (Ancient Hawai’i)

Night of Hecate (Ancient Greece; Everyday Wicca)

Norah McGuinness (Artology)

Paul Peel (Artology)

Philippe de Comines (Positivist; Saint)

Prosdocimus (Christian; Saint)

Storm of Fears Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Tentacle Day (Pastafarian)

Tiamat’s Day (Pagan)

Tokhu Emong (Lotha Nada people of India)

Vicente Liem de la Paz (Christian; One of Vietnamese Martyrs)

Werenfrid (Christian; Saint)

Willibrord (Christian; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Butsumetsu (仏滅 Japan) [Unlucky all day.]

Prime Number Day: 311 [64 of 72]

Umu Limnu (Evil Day; Babylonian Calendar; 51 of 60)

Premieres

Aerial, by Kate Bush (Album; 2005)

Alice In Chains, by Alice In Chains (Album; 1995)

Big Hero 6 (Animated Film; 2014)

Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (Radio Series; 1932)

…But Seriously, Phil Collins (Album; 1989)

The Divine Miss M, by Bette Midler (Album; 1972)

Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?, by Chicago (Song; 1970)

Don’t Look Now (WB MM Cartoon; 1936)

Elf (Film; 2003)

Feast (Disney Cartoon; 2014)

Fifty Cents Lost or Get That Half Back (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S3, Ep. 123; 1961)

The Flintstones: Fred’s Final Fling (Hanna-Barbera Animated TV Special; 1980)

Green, by R.E.M. (Album; 1988)

Hogfather, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1996) [Discworld #20]

It’s a Mad Mad Mad Mad World (Film; 1963)

Job, by Joseph Roth (Novel; 1930)

London Gazette (Weekly Gazette; 1665)

Love Actually (Film; 2003)

Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (Animated Film; 2008)

Martha & Snoop’s Potluck Dinner Party (TV Series; 2016)

Mater and the Ghostlight (Pixar Cartoon; 2006)

The Midnight Line, 22nd Jack Reacher book, by Lee Child (Novel; 2017)

Miss Fritter’s Racing Skool (Pixar Cartoon; 2017)

Mister Magoo (Animated TV Series; 1960)

Raising Steam, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 2013) [Discworld #40]

Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, by Sergei Rachmaninoff (Conertante; 1934)

Role Models (Film; 2008)

The Rose (Film; 1979)

Safari So good (Fleischer/Famous Popeye Cartoon; 1947)

The Scheme Misfires of You Can Planet Better Than That (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S3, Ep. 124; 1961)

Sid and Nancy (Film; 1986)

Something Wild (Film; 1986)

A Son Unique, by Wu-Tang Clan (Album; 2006)

Southern Fried Hospitality (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1960)

Starship Troopers (Film; 1997)

Studio One (Radio Series; 1948)

Ten Hail Marys & Ten How’s Your Fathers, by Elvis Costello (Album; 1980)

The Theory of Everything (Film; 2014)

Ummagumma, by Pink Floyd (Album; 1969)

Uncle Vanya, by Anton Chekov (Play; 1899)

Whole Lotta Love, by Led Zeppelin (Song; 1969)

Wild Honey or How to Get Along Without a Ration Book (Barney Bear MGM Cartoon; 1942)

The Winds of War, by Herman Wouk (Novel; 1971)

Winter’s Heart, by Robert Jordan (Novel; 2000) [Wheel of Time #9]

Zot, Parts 3 & 4 (Underdog Cartoon, S1, Eps. 11 & 12; 1964)

Today’s Name Days

Carina, Engelbert, Willibrord (Austria)

Anđelko, Baldo, Florencije, Zdenka (Croatia)

Saskie (Czech Republic)

Engelbrecht (Denmark)

Kiira, Kiiri, Kirke (Estonia)

Erin, Taisto (Finland)

Carine (France)

Engelbert, Carina, Willbir, Tina (Germany)

Athinodoros, Ernest, Theagenis, Themelios (Greece)

Rezső (Hungary)

Ernesto, Prosdocimo (Italy)

Helma, Lotars (Latvia)

Ernestas, Gotautė, Karina, Sirtautas (Lithuania)

Ingebrigt, Ingelin (Norway)

Achilles, Antoni, Engelbert, Florentyn, Melchior, Przemił (Poland)

René (Slovakia)

Carina, Ernesto (Spain)

Ingegerd, Ingela (Sweden)

Engelbert, Graham, Hollis, Holm, Holmes, Holt (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 312 of 2024; 54 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 4 of Week 45 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Hagal (Hailstone) [Day 12 of 28]

Chinese: Month 10 (Yi-Hai), Day 7 (Yi-Hai)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 6 Heshvan 5785

Islamic: 5 Jumada I 1446

J Cal: 12 Wood; Foursday [11 of 30]

Julian: 25 October 2024

Moon: 36%: Waxing Crescent

Positivist: 4 Frederic (12th Month) [Isabella of Castille]

Runic Half Month: Nyd (Necessity) [Day 1 of 15]

Season: Autumn or Fall (Day 46 of 90)

Week: 1st Full Week of November

Zodiac: Scorpio (Day 15 of 30)

Calendar Changes

Nyd (Necessity) [Half-Month 22 of 24; Runic Half-Months] (thru 11.21)

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 11.7

Holidays

American Choral Society Day

Ben Ali Commemoration Day (Tunisia)

Climate Action Day

Commemoration Day (Tunisia)

Day of Accord and Reconciliation (Russia)

Day of the Hungarian Opera (Hungary)

Days of History and Memory (Kyrgyzstan)

Dunce Day

Employee Brotherhood Day (SpongeBob Squarepants)

European Radon Day

Gastrointestinal Day (Germany)

Gentian Day

Good Tummy Day (Japan)

Hug a Bear Day

Hungarian Opera Day (Hungary)

International African Writers’ Day (a.k.a. Pan African Writers’ Day)

International Day of Medical Physics

International Inuit Day

Little League Girls Day

Magazine Day

Medical Science Liaison Awareness and Appreciation Day

Melbourne Cup Day (Victoria, Australia)

Meteorite Day

National Bassist Day

National Cancer Awareness Day (India)

National Canine Lymphoma Awareness Day

National Day for the Victims of Communism

National Day in Northern Catalonia (France)

National Day of Remembrance for Ka Otis (Philippines)

National Food Fortification Day (Philippines)

National Inuit Day (Canada)

National Keith Day

National Lori Day

National Programmatic Advertising Day

National Railway Day (Canada)

National Retinol Day

National Revolution and Solidarity Day (Bangladesh)

Notary Public Day

N7 Day (from “Mass Effect”)

Outdoor Classroom Day (UK)

Red Cup Day

Republican Elephant Day

Return Day (Delaware)

Social Revolution Day (Kyrgyzstan)

Stay Away from Anyone Named Honest John Day

Students’ Day (Maharashtra, India)

Supporting Male Victims of Domestic Abuse Day (UK)

Tajik Theatre Day (Tajikistan)

Treaty of the Pyrenees Day (Northern Catalonia, France)

Victims of Communism Day (Florida, Missouri)

Watercress Day (French Republic)

Williams Syndrome Day (UK)

World Cancer Awareness Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Chocolate Mud Cake Day (Sweden)

International Merlot Day

Martini Day

National Bittersweet Chocolate with Almonds Day

National Kumquat Day

World Pad Thai Day (UK)

Independence & Related Days

October Revolution Day (Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Transdniestria, former U.S.S.R.; 1917)

Revolution Day (Bangladesh; 1971)

1st Thursday in November

International Day Against Violence & Bullying at School including Cyberbullying [1st Thursday]

International Project Management Day (a.k.a. IPM Day) [1st Thursday]

International Stout Day [1st Thursday]

Kid Lit Art Postcard Day [1st Thursday]

National Cash Back Day [1st Thursday]

National Casting Day [1st Thursday]

National Men Make Dinner [1st Thursday]

National Non-Fiction Day (UK) [1st Thursday]

Thankful Thursday [1st Thursday of Each Month]

Thanksgiving Day (Liberia) [1st Thursday]

Therapy Thursday [1st Thursday of Each Month]

Thirsty Thursday [Every Thursday]

Three for Thursday [Every Thursday]

Thrift Store Thursday [Every Thursday]

Throwback Thursday [Every Thursday]

World Digital Preservation Day [1st Thursday]

Weekly Holidays beginning November 7 (1st Full Week of November)

Dear Santa Letter Week (thru 11.13)

National Book Awards Week

Volusia County Fair (DeLand, Florida) [thru 11.17]

Festivals Beginning November 7, 2024

Caribbean Food and Wine Festival (Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands) [thru 11.10]

Cork International Film Festival (Cork, Ireland) [thru 11.17]

Creativa Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain) [thru 11.10]

Dharamshala International Film Festival (Dharamshala, India) [thru 11.10]

Gatlinburg Winter Magic and Chili Cookoff (Gatlinburg, Tennessee)

International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg (Mannheim, Germany) [thru 11.17]

PizzaCon (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)

Port Barre Cracklin Festival (Port Barre, Louisiana) [thru 11.10]

Spinach Festival (Crystal City, Texas) [thru 11.10]

Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards (Taipei, Taiwan) [thru 11.24]

Taste of the Ozarks (Springfield, Missouri)

Taste of the Town (Pasadena, Texas)

The WhiskyX (Austin, Texas)

World Food Championships (Indianapolis, Indiana) [thru 11.12]

World Film Festival of Bangkok (Bangkok, Thailand) [thru 11.17]

Feast Days

Albert Camus (Writerism)

All Dominican Saints and Blesseds (Christian)

Armstrong Sperry (Artology)

Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg (Lutheran)

Billy the Grownup (Muppetism)

Birth of Baháʼu'lláh (Baha'i) [2 Muharram]

Charles Baudelaire Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Engelbert II of Berg (Christian; Saint)

Feat of All Saints of the Dominican Order

Feast of Blessed John Duns Scotus (The Subtle Doctor)

Feast of Stolen Fire

Festivals of the Twin Birthdays, Day 2 (Baha'i)

Florentius (Christian; Saint)

Francisco de Zurbarán (Artology)

Hawaiian Harvest Festival to Lomo (Ancient Hawai’i)

Herculanus of Perugia (Christian; Saint)

Jan Matulka (Artology)

John Christian Frederick Heyer (Lutheran)

John Duns Scotus (Christian; Blessed)

Lesser Ury (Artology)

Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen (Lutheran)

Makahikii Festival (Ancient Hawai’i)

Night of Hecate (Ancient Greece; Everyday Wicca)

Norah McGuinness (Artology)

Paul Peel (Artology)

Philippe de Comines (Positivist; Saint)

Prosdocimus (Christian; Saint)

Storm of Fears Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Tentacle Day (Pastafarian)

Tiamat’s Day (Pagan)

Tokhu Emong (Lotha Nada people of India)

Vicente Liem de la Paz (Christian; One of Vietnamese Martyrs)

Werenfrid (Christian; Saint)

Willibrord (Christian; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Butsumetsu (仏滅 Japan) [Unlucky all day.]

Prime Number Day: 311 [64 of 72]

Umu Limnu (Evil Day; Babylonian Calendar; 51 of 60)

Premieres

Aerial, by Kate Bush (Album; 2005)

Alice In Chains, by Alice In Chains (Album; 1995)

Big Hero 6 (Animated Film; 2014)

Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (Radio Series; 1932)

…But Seriously, Phil Collins (Album; 1989)

The Divine Miss M, by Bette Midler (Album; 1972)

Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?, by Chicago (Song; 1970)

Don’t Look Now (WB MM Cartoon; 1936)

Elf (Film; 2003)

Feast (Disney Cartoon; 2014)

Fifty Cents Lost or Get That Half Back (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S3, Ep. 123; 1961)

The Flintstones: Fred’s Final Fling (Hanna-Barbera Animated TV Special; 1980)

Green, by R.E.M. (Album; 1988)

Hogfather, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 1996) [Discworld #20]

It’s a Mad Mad Mad Mad World (Film; 1963)

Job, by Joseph Roth (Novel; 1930)

London Gazette (Weekly Gazette; 1665)

Love Actually (Film; 2003)

Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (Animated Film; 2008)

Martha & Snoop’s Potluck Dinner Party (TV Series; 2016)

Mater and the Ghostlight (Pixar Cartoon; 2006)

The Midnight Line, 22nd Jack Reacher book, by Lee Child (Novel; 2017)

Miss Fritter’s Racing Skool (Pixar Cartoon; 2017)

Mister Magoo (Animated TV Series; 1960)

Raising Steam, by Terry Pratchet (Novel; 2013) [Discworld #40]

Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, by Sergei Rachmaninoff (Conertante; 1934)

Role Models (Film; 2008)

The Rose (Film; 1979)

Safari So good (Fleischer/Famous Popeye Cartoon; 1947)

The Scheme Misfires of You Can Planet Better Than That (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S3, Ep. 124; 1961)

Sid and Nancy (Film; 1986)

Something Wild (Film; 1986)

A Son Unique, by Wu-Tang Clan (Album; 2006)

Southern Fried Hospitality (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1960)

Starship Troopers (Film; 1997)

Studio One (Radio Series; 1948)

Ten Hail Marys & Ten How’s Your Fathers, by Elvis Costello (Album; 1980)

The Theory of Everything (Film; 2014)

Ummagumma, by Pink Floyd (Album; 1969)

Uncle Vanya, by Anton Chekov (Play; 1899)

Whole Lotta Love, by Led Zeppelin (Song; 1969)

Wild Honey or How to Get Along Without a Ration Book (Barney Bear MGM Cartoon; 1942)

The Winds of War, by Herman Wouk (Novel; 1971)

Winter’s Heart, by Robert Jordan (Novel; 2000) [Wheel of Time #9]

Zot, Parts 3 & 4 (Underdog Cartoon, S1, Eps. 11 & 12; 1964)

Today’s Name Days

Carina, Engelbert, Willibrord (Austria)

Anđelko, Baldo, Florencije, Zdenka (Croatia)

Saskie (Czech Republic)

Engelbrecht (Denmark)

Kiira, Kiiri, Kirke (Estonia)

Erin, Taisto (Finland)

Carine (France)

Engelbert, Carina, Willbir, Tina (Germany)

Athinodoros, Ernest, Theagenis, Themelios (Greece)

Rezső (Hungary)

Ernesto, Prosdocimo (Italy)

Helma, Lotars (Latvia)

Ernestas, Gotautė, Karina, Sirtautas (Lithuania)

Ingebrigt, Ingelin (Norway)

Achilles, Antoni, Engelbert, Florentyn, Melchior, Przemił (Poland)

René (Slovakia)

Carina, Ernesto (Spain)

Ingegerd, Ingela (Sweden)

Engelbert, Graham, Hollis, Holm, Holmes, Holt (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 312 of 2024; 54 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 4 of Week 45 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Hagal (Hailstone) [Day 12 of 28]

Chinese: Month 10 (Yi-Hai), Day 7 (Yi-Hai)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 6 Heshvan 5785

Islamic: 5 Jumada I 1446

J Cal: 12 Wood; Foursday [11 of 30]

Julian: 25 October 2024

Moon: 36%: Waxing Crescent

Positivist: 4 Frederic (12th Month) [Isabella of Castille]

Runic Half Month: Nyd (Necessity) [Day 1 of 15]

Season: Autumn or Fall (Day 46 of 90)

Week: 1st Full Week of November

Zodiac: Scorpio (Day 15 of 30)

Calendar Changes

Nyd (Necessity) [Half-Month 22 of 24; Runic Half-Months] (thru 11.21)