#neutral moresnet

[transgenderer]

feel like pure shit just want her back (Neutral Moresnet)

Neutral Moresnet was a small Belgian–Prussiancondominium in western Europe that existed from 1816 to 1921 and was administered jointly by the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Belgium after its independence in 1830) and the Kingdom of Prussia. It was 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) wide and 5 kilometres (3 mi) long, with an area of 3.6 square kilometres (900 acres)

man the 19th century was stupid

[xtruss]

Esperanto: The Artificial Language That Aimed To Unite Humanity

Esperanto was intended to be an easy-to-learn second language that enabled you to speak with anyone on the planet.

— February 27, 2024 | By Scotty Hendricks

Credit: Oleksii/Adobe Stock

Key Takeaways:

Esperanto is a constructed language designed to be easy to learn and use.

It was created by a Polish Ophthalmologist who dreamed of uniting the world, and his hometown.

While it has yet to reach universal adoption, it has enjoyed widespread use and official recognition at times.

The idea of a universal language dates back nearly as far as written language. The story of The Tower of Babel is predated by a 21st-century BCE Sumerian story called Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, which has similar themes. There are stories of Hermes and Brahma being behind the multitude of languages in their respective religions. Each of these stories implies that humanity spoke a single language once upon a time. And some suggest we could again.

Philosophers have spoken about the idea of a universal language. Leibniz and Descartes dreamed of a constructed language that would better express philosophical ideas. Nietzsche believed a universal language was an inevitability.

While many languages can claim to be or to have been a lingua franca over different geographical areas, none have been the “world language” that philosophers dreamed about. Most of the contenders have been existing languages. However, one of the more interesting attempts at a common tongue for the world, Esperanto, was invented specifically for that purpose.

Lingvo de la Mondo

Dr. L.L. Zamenhof, a Polish Ophthalmologist, first Created Esperanto. Born and Raised in a Multi-Ethnic Area of then Russian-Controlled Poland, Dr. Zamenhof was acutely aware of the problems caused by a lack of linguistic understanding and the barriers that it causes. He firmly believed that the distrust and violence that existed between the communities were both caused and exacerbated by a failure to communicate.

In 1887, with the aid of his wife, Dr. Zamenhof published his first Esperanto textbook, introducing his language to the world. Aiming to avoid celebrity, he signed it with the Pseudonym Doktoro Esperanto, which translates to “Dr. Hopeful.” Enthusiasts quickly decided that this was a great name. Clubs dedicated to learning other constructed languages, such as Volapük, shifted over to learning Esperanto.

Dr. Zamenhof dreamed that Esperanto would become the world’s go-to international auxiliary language. If everyone learned it as their second tongue, everyone could speak to everyone. Even better, this language, while clearly Indo-European in nature, didn’t belong to any one nation and could be learned without bringing in certain nationalist or colonialist baggage. It also doesn’t provide any undue advantages to people from one country since everyone would learn it as a second tongue.

His motivations were both practical and idealistic as he hoped to both minimize the “time and labor we spend in learning foreign tongues,” and believed that: “Were there but an international language, all translations would be made into it alone … and all nations would be united in a common brotherhood.” He was also clear in his hopes that the language would see wide day-to-day use outside of international communications.

For a while, it seemed like the language might live up to the dreams of its founder. Clubs dedicated to learning and teaching the language multiped around the world. Some areas saw a very high concentration of learners. In some parts of Europe, as many as one in eight people were reported to know Esperanto. Other estimates put those numbers lower, however. Global conventions for Esperantists began in 1905 and proved successful.

In 1908, Esperantists living in Neutral Moresnet advocated for the disputed area to be organized as the state of Amikejo, which translates to “Friendship.” While sources disagree, the organizers may have gone so far as to declare the formation of Amikejo as the first official Esperanto-speaking country. This went unrecognized, and the territory would later become part of Belgium. Other countries, such as the Republic of China, began teaching the language in schools around this time.

The progress of the language slowed during World War One. Dr. Zamenhof died of heart failure before it was over. However, the Universal Esperanto Association did stick to its idealist roots and facilitated civilian communication between warring nations by transferring letters through its headquarters in Switzerland.

Esperanto was likely closest to wide adoption in the 1920s. Many early short-wave radio stations broadcast in it, hoping to catch the ears of a world of listeners. Many countries encouraged the language, with the USSR being particularly enthusiastic about it for a time. The League of Nations, at the request of several delegations, considered a proposal that Esperanto be used in international relations. The French delegation voted against this.

However, as in many other areas world, the dizzying heights of the 1920s were followed by the rather depressing 1930s. As nationalism ramped up, those speaking an international language became targets. The Nazis denounced the language as a tool of the imagined vast international Jewish conspiracy against Germany, banned Esperanto organizations, and arrested their leaders. After the invasion of Poland, members of Dr. Zamenhof’s family were sent to concentration camps. The progress of the language was also reversed in the USSR, where more than a few of its speakers were arrested on flimsy charges, and accused of being part of an “international espionage organization.” World War II proved disastrous for a linguistic community dedicated to world peace.

The Cold War put a further damper on things, though UNESCO did grant the Universal Esperanto Association a consultative relationship and has reported favorably on the language in the past. Today, the language is still spoken by many. While it is difficult to estimate how many people speak Esperanto, Director Vilĉjo Harris of the Central Office of Esperanto-USA suggests that “the number of people who use Esperanto is as difficult to estimate as the number of people who play chess.” Existing estimates range from 100,000 to as many as 2 million. Duolingo, which offers courses in the language, shows 384,000 learners on the language selection page. Some sources suggest the number of people who studied the language at some point could be much higher.

Esperanto isn’t, and has never been, the domain of random enthusiasts, either. Famous users of the language include author Leo Tolstoy, Yugoslavian head of state Josip Borz Tito, author and professor J.R.R. Tolkien, Austrian President Franz Jonas, philosopher Rudolf Carnap, financier George Soros, and Pope John Paul II.

La Reguloj

As mentioned above, Esperanto was designed for simplicity and wide adoption. It is clearly Romanic in character. Even somebody with a casual understanding of languages will catch obvious traces of Spanish, French, and Italian, though some of it is closer to German, English, or Greek.

It is an extremely regular language. Its phonics are consistent. Its 16 grammatical rules have no exceptions. There are no irregular verbs. Word classes end in the same letter. For example, singular nouns all end with the letter “o.” New words can be easily created from old ones, so only a limited number of root words must be memorized before a person can communicate. The stress is always placed on the second to last syllable, so there is no guessing when speaking.

Between the straightforwardness of the language and its close relationship to the Romance, Germanic, and Eastern European languages, supporters of Esperanto have long argued that it can be learned quickly, perhaps in as little as a third of the time of other languages. However, Leo Tolstoy’s claims that he learned it in four hours remain unsubstantiated. Despite the advantages that speakers of European languages have in learning it, it has proven popular all over the world.

New words continue to be added to the language as needed. These changes are overseen by the Akademio de Esperanto. This group of experts keeps the language in line with the existing rules.

Aplikoj

The question that comes up the most with Esperanto is what use it might have. After all, a language is a means of communication. If there is nothing to communicate using it, then it doesn’t have much use. The number of speakers being lower than anticipated has also plagued the language from the start. Dr. Zamenhof himself tried to get people to agree to learn the language if 10 million other people made the same pledge. However, he got a mere 1,000 responses.

However, unlike many other constructed languages, Esperanto has a culture. Many books, poems, and even (reportedly terrible) films exist in the language. Despite the current lack of an Esperanto-speaking country, the community of speakers is robust. Groups dedicated to the language exist on every continent, including Antarctica. Annual global conventions dedicated to the language continue to meet. It is still possible to get a college degree in understanding the language in colleges in China, Poland, and The Netherlands.

Director Harris of Esperanto USA told Big Think that the language has made many friendships possible for him:

“I made quite a few friends of people who do not speak English well, but speak some Esperanto. These people live in various countries, and we try to understand how to get past cultural differences. As a result of these friendships, I feel like I am a world citizen.”

Some studies also suggest that it is a useful tool for learning a third language. The Paderborn method of language learning calls for students to be taught an easy foreign language in schools so they can then learn a third language more quickly. Some versions of this use Esperanto as the easy language. In one study, students who learned Esperanto for two years before learning English caught up to their peers who learned only English fairly quickly and soon surpassed them despite spending less time on it overall. This effect also exists with other languages, though some studies and authors suggest Esperanto offers certain advantages.

While the early dreams of world peace and understanding through a single auxiliary language belonging to no nation may strike many as naive today, the Esperanto movement is still strong. Even if it hasn’t managed to unite the world in a common tongue, it continues to connect people. At the end of the day, wasn’t that part of the dream?

[vasco-portable-translators]

Esperanto Language: Is it Still Alive?

This is a story of breaking language barriers, but probably in a slightly different way than you would expect. In this article, you'll find out about a tongue that was supposed to be a universal language for the entire population. Excited? So, without further ado, let's dive into the history and essence of the Esperanto language. In this article, you'll learn: - Who created the Esperanto language. - The history of the Esperanto language. - If there are any Esperanto speakers. - If so, then how many people speak Esperanto? - If you can actually learn and speak Esperanto. - If it's similar to any of the existing languages. Let's start! FAQ: What country speaks Esperanto? Esperanto is an artificial language created by Dr. Zamenhof. It was supposed to be a widespread universal language. Unfortunately, now the language doesn't have a huge reach, but it is still spoken around the world, mainly in countries such as China, Japan, Germany, USA, France, and Brazil. Is Esperanto considered a real language? Esperanto is a constructed auxiliary language, so it's not real in the sense of natural languages, but you can easily learn and speak it. Why was Esperanto banned? In 1922, the French government banned Esperanto from its universities, fearing that it would surpass French in becoming the lingua franca. As a result of France strongly opposing Esperanto, it never rose to the prominence it could have. Is Esperanto basically Spanish? Esperanto does resemble Spanish in some ways, but it is not a dialect of Spanish nor a Romance language. Why isn't Esperanto popular? As a result of France strongly opposing Esperanto at the beginning of the 20th century, the language didn't rise to the prominence it could have risen to. Is Esperanto difficult to learn? The Esperanto language was designed to be as easy to learn as possible. It was intended to become the world's universal language. Who speaks Esperanto today? The speakers of Esperanto live all over the world. They can be found in countries such as China, Japan, Germany, USA, France, and Brazil. What is the Esperanto alphabet? What is Esperanto, and how was it born? Esperanto is one of the world's many auxiliary languages. It started in the late XIX century when L. L. Zamenhof, a Warsaw-based ophthalmologist, published a paper called Unua Libro. This work establishes and describes an international tongue that is meant for global communication. So, what is Esperanto? This language was invented to be a universal language for the entire population. Zamenhof claimed that he constructed it to reduce the time and energy we invest into learning foreign languages. It was also created to promote world peace. At the moment of its creation, the language, however, had no real name. Its original title was simply "the international language". However, the early speakers of Esperanto liked the author's pseudonym so much (Doktoro Esperanto) that they named it Esperanto. What does Esperanto mean in Esperanto? The word esperanto simply means the one who hopes. Given the assumptions and hopes of the author, this name fits like a glove. There's Actually a Flag of Esperanto. Here's what it looks like: The flag of Esperanto was adopted in 1905. It features the Verda Stelo (Green Star), which is a symbol of mutual recognition for all Esperanto speakers. Further history of the Esperanto language The 20th century In the early 20th century, this international language was prevalent in Neutral Moresnet, which was supposed to be the first official Esperanto state. Neutral Moresnet was a Belgian–Prussian condominium located in Western Europe. Some sources say that it existed from 1816 to 1920. Unfortunately, Moresnet was fully annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1915 and lost its neutral character. It was, however, returned to Belgium after the First World War thanks to the Treaty of Versailles. At that moment, Esperanto didn't stand a chance of becoming the official language of Moresnet. Esperanto international language again had a big chance of becoming the most widely spoken constructed language in the world in 1920. It was then that the Iranian delegation from the World Esperanto Congress to the League of Nations proposed the Esperanto language be adopted as the main tongue for international relations. The amount of Esperanto speakers could have increased significantly at the time. 10 delegates accepted the proposal, but there was 1 person who strongly opposed the recognition of the Esperanto language at the League of Nations. Gabriel Hanotaux, a French historian, was worried about how his native language was losing its position and significance as an international tongue. Nevertheless, the Esperanto language was proposed to be included in the League of Nations' educational curricula. In response to that, the French government retaliated by banning all its instructions in universities and schools. Because France strongly opposed Esperanto gaining international recognition, it never rose to the prominence it could have. Another big chance for Esperanto speakers arose when the United Nations, through UNESCO, supported Esperanto as an international auxiliary language in the Montevideo Resolution of 1954. Unfortunately, to this day, Esperanto isn't recognized either as an official language of the UN or an international auxiliary language. However, right now, there are as many as 2 million Esperanto speakers worldwide. Thanks to this number, it is the most widely spoken constructed language in the world. The new age of the Esperanto language The number of Esperanto speakers started to increase significantly with the rise of the Internet. A language-learning platform called Duolingo started to provide Esperanto language courses in its educational materials in 2015. A year later, 350,000 people registered to learn Esperanto as one of the foreign languages provided by the app. By 2018, the number of learners rose to over a million. There are 4 courses that teach Esperanto as one of the platform's foreign languages. One is for English speakers, another for Spanish speakers, the third is designed for Brazilian Portuguese speakers, and last but not least, is the French version of the course. What's more, in 2012, Google Translate added Esperanto as one of its languages. Vasco Translator also includes Esperanto in its photo translation feature. There is also the Esperanto version of Wikipedia. It is called Vikipedio and boasts as many as 328,000 articles. Thanks to that, it is currently the 35th-largest Wikipedia. Where is Esperanto spoken? Despite the fact that Esperanto is not the official language of any country in the world, its presence is strong in some parts of the world. So, where is Esperanto spoken? The Esperanto language, for instance, has entered the education systems of countries such as China and Hungary. In addition to that, the Chinese government has been using Esperanto on china.org.cn, China Radio International, and El Popola Ĉinio Internet magazine. What's more, Vatican Radio hosts the Esperanto version of its website. But that's not all. The United States Army has published a number of phrasebooks in Esperanto. Mock enemy forces used them from the 1950s to the 1970s in war games. Esperanto speakers may also be found in a number of non-profit international organizations. Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, a left-wing cultural association including 724 members in over 85 countries as of 2006, recognized Esperanto as a working language. What is more, Education@Internet, an organization that supports intercultural learning, includes courses for potential Esperanto speakers. Universal Esperanto Association (UAE) It is an international organization that gathers Esperanto speakers from around the world. Founded in 1908, it now consists of 5501 individual members in 121 countries (as of 2015). UAE has its office at the United Nations building in New York City. Universal Esperanto Association also publishes its own magazine called Esperanto. It was designed to inform the members of the UAE about everything that happens in its community. They also carry out the annual World Esperanto Congress meetings. How to learn Esperanto? Do you want to become one of the Esperanto speakers? Let's see how to learn Esperanto. But first, we'll take a look at a book that is considered the main authority for Esperanto speakers. Where can you learn this auxiliary language? It is said that the Esperanto language was created in 1887, however, it was in 1905 that Zamenhof published Fundamento de Esperanto, a book that explains the basic principles of this tongue. Nevertheless, much of the book's content is a reproduction of Zamenhof's earlier works, mainly Unua Libro from 1887, which first introduced the concept of a universal language. The language, however, underwent some changes, and Zamenhof updated his tongue in Fundamento de Esperanto. On August 8, 1905, the first World Esperanto Congress was held. It established the aforementioned book as the only authority for potential language speakers. Fundamento de Esperanto has 4 different parts: a foreword, a grammar section, a collection of exercises, and a dictionary. The grammar and dictionary sections are written in 5 European languages: French, English, German, Russian, and Polish. This book is indeed a powerful source of knowledge for potential Esperanto speakers. So if you want to speak Esperanto, be sure to check it out. Fortunately, you can still buy it on the Internet to learn Esperanto. The character of the Esperanto language Esperanto, as one of the constructed languages, includes various elements from several European languages. First, let's examine a sample text written in this auxiliary language (it comes from the English Wikipedia article on Esperanto): En multaj lokoj de Ĉinio estis temploj de la drako-reĝo. Dum trosekeco oni preĝis en la temploj, ke la drako-reĝo donu pluvon al la homa mondo. Which translates to: In many places in China, there were temples of the dragon-king. During times of drought, people would pray in the temples that the dragon-king would give rain to the human world. Some simple phrases also illustrate the similarity of Esperanto to European languages. Look at the table below: ESPERANTO ENGLISH Saluton  Hello Bonan Matenon  Good Morning Bonan Vesperon Good Evening Kio estas via nomo? What is your name?  Kiel vi fartas? How are you?  Bone / En ordo All right / Okay Dankon Thank you Ne dankinde / Nedankinde You’re welcome Mi amas vin! I love you! Ĉu vi parolas Esperanton? Do you speak Esperanto?  Esperanto derives, for instance, from Greek, English, and German, when it comes to vocabulary. Other European languages that might have inspired Esperanto are Romanian, Polish, and Spanish. Is Esperanto easy? The Esperanto language is very easy to learn and speak. The writing system is phonetic, which means that the words are written as they sound. What is more, much of the Esperanto vocabulary is derived from the languages we already know. Is Esperanto worth learning? Now that we answered the question "is Esperanto easy?", let's find out if Esperanto is worth learning at all. It is believed that learning Esperanto first makes learning other foreign languages significantly easier. This claim is especially true when we take into consideration learning Romance languages, such as Spanish, French, and Italian. The Esperanto language: Conclusion In this article, we answered the question "What is Esperanto?" and learned some interesting facts about this constructed language. But, is the Esperanto language still alive? The answer is "Yes". As a matter of fact, it's alive and well. Created to promote world peace, Esperanto has over a million speakers worldwide (and counting). Not to mention that it is supported by the Duolingo language-learning app and Google Translate. You can also translate images containing the Esperanto language with a Vasco Translator device. So, if you're going to the next World Esperanto Congress, be sure to take Vasco with you. In a nutshell: Esperanto is an auxiliary language created by L.L. Zamenhof with the intention of becoming a universal tongue for the entire population. It was supposed to reduce the time and energy we invest into learning foreign languages and promote world peace. Despite not gaining recognition from the United Nations or other international organizations, it is still the most spoken constructed language in the world, with over two million speakers. It has been adopted in countries like China and Hungary, and supported by the Duolingo language-learning app, Google Translate, and the Vasco Translator. Fundamento de Esperanto is the main authority for potential Esperanto speakers, written in five European languages. Esperanto is easy to learn and speak, and is believed to make learning other foreign languages easier. Read the full article

[inoppositionflorien]

We all know that the White King's Knight is genderfluid and by all accounts great company, but what about the life details of the other pieces?

The Black Queen's Bishop, for instance, claims to have lost faith years ago, (but actually never really had it and was pressured into the clergy by his family) and is an atheist. He kept the hat and title though because he likes how they look.

In contrast, the White Queen's Bishop is not a bishop at all, but instead prefers to be called an archer or a runner, as the bishop is called in some other languages, being a piece with the most names across cultures. They stole the bishop hat from the previous WQB after punching him in the face for being, quote: "just the worst, the absolute worst." They also speak fluent Esperanto and have an obsession with Neutral Moresnet. They can talk about either for hours.

The White King's Rook hosts a D&D game every other week when schedules permit, which is attended regularly by the White Queen's Knight, both G-pawns, and the Black Queen's Bishop, with the White A-pawn occasionally dropping in. The Black G-pawn brings donuts.

(Chess D&D obviously features full stat blocks for fairy chess pieces. The WQK plays a marshal (rook/knight combination) and the BQB plays a Nightrider (moves as a knight in the same direction as many times as you'd like), and they have a sort of rivalry about it.)

The Black H-pawn secretly wants to be underpromoted to a bishop or a knight during a game, just to see it happen to her instead of the black C-pawn under very specific circumstances that nonetheless do come up at least occasionally.

[yu-gi-oh-slavia]

neutral moresnet should be independent

[argyrocratie]

i think neutral moresnet should reform and take vaalserberg away from the netherlands

don’t say it don’t say it don’t say it

[silentambassadors]

So here’s a small place that no longer exists politically (it’s now part of Belgium), but did (as a condominium between the Kingdom of the Netherlands [shortly after the Kingdom of Belgium] and the Kingdom of Prussia) for over 100 years.  From 1816 until the aftermath of the Great War, Neutral Moresnet existed as a mini buffer state in the middle of Western Europe, keeping the zinc spar mine active within its charged borders but not controlled by one or the other of the kingdoms bordering it.  After Germany annexed the area during the Great War, the bounds of Neutral Moresnet were ceded to the Belgians, and there they have stayed as the Three-Country Point (Belgium, Netherlands, Germany) (aside from a brief re-annexation by the Nazis during WWII).

Stamp details: Issued in: October 1886 From: Kelmis, Neutral Moresnet MC #N/A

Recognized as a sovereign state by the UN: No Claimed by: Kingdom of Belgium Member of the Universal Postal Union: No

[nhjalthistflags]

Neutral Moresnet was a condominium administered by Belgium and Prussia (later Germany); it is most notable as being the proposed site of an Esperanto-speaking state.

[paininmyassachusetts]

Neutral Moresnet

(French) Moresnet Neutre

(German) Neutral-Moresnet

(Dutch) Neutraal-Moresnet

(Esperanto) Neŭtrala Moresneto

General information

Neutral Moresnet was a Prusso-Belgian (Before the independence of Belgium, Prusso-Dutch) Condominium that existed from 1816 to 1920. The population, in 1914, was about 4,500 people, and the area was 3.6 square kilometres (around 1 square mile).

Government

The country was run by two royal commissioners, one from Belgium and the other from Prussia. They appointed a mayor to run day to day things. The territory had no judicial system, and judges from Prussia and Belgium would be brought in whenever their services were needed. The nominal capital was the town of Kelmis. There were 7 mayors to hold the title from 1816 to 1920.

The small territory possessed a shared postal service with the two sovereign overlords of Prussia and Belgium.

Taxes in the territory were incredibly low, and it possessed little to no tariffs. The people of the territory were originally exempt from military service in the nations of birth (Belgium or Prussia), though after people began abusing this by moving there for the purpose of escaping service, this rule was amended and only the descendents of the original inhabitants were allowed to be exempt for military service. The territory had no military of its own.

Economy

The economy, from the beginning, was largely centred on the mining of Zinc at Vieille Montagne mine, crucial for the production of brass. The mine was responsible for making the population as large as it was, as the population was originally only about 250 people in 1815.

The territory possessed no domestic currency, and the French Franc was considered the official currency of trade, though the currencies of Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands were also in circulation.

Demographics

The official languages were French, German, Dutch, and to a lesser extent Esperanto. The majority of inhabitants were born in either Prussia or Belgium.

History

The history of the territory began after the Congress of Vienna in 1814-5, when the borders of Europe were redrawn. The small zinc-mining area of Moresnet was a point of contention between the Netherlands and Prussia, and both of them decided to set up a joint administration to avoid conflict. After Belgium gained its independence in 1830, the Dutch claim to the territory was ceded to the newly-founded Kingdom of Belgium.

When, in 1885, the zinc mine became exhausted, the people of the territory began to worry about the continued existence of their land, and started to attempt to make their autonomy more complete. Germany was accused of trying to press the issue of sovereignty around 1900. Nothing serious would happen to the autonomy of the territory until the outbreak of WWI in 1914, when Prussia annexed the land.

After World War 1, the land was given to Belgium, who still own it. As of 2016, only one surviving inhabitant of the original territory is still alive.

Amikejo

In 1908, the chief medical doctor of the territory proposed making the territory a centre for the Esperanto language. This went so far as the World Esperanto Congress declaring Kelmis as the capital of Esperanto. The name given to it was “Amikejo”, which is also the name of a march. The name means “Place of Friendship” in Esperanto.

[mapsontheweb]

Tourist map of the Belgian/Dutch/German border area, showing the territory of Neutral Moresnet, ~1900.

[dnpanimationstudioclone]

So I've already made a post about my headcanons on ghost formation. The one of interest for Wulf is about issues that can arise in formation when multiple people or living things die at the same time, the same place, and in the same manner.

This causes the ghosts of all those beings to form around the same spot, and if the imprints of post-living consciousnesses are too similar to each other to parse out, they will merge forming a ghost that had 2 or more living counterparts. Sometimes multiple ghosts will form, but there will be less ghosts then beings who died. This is more likely if the living beings had similar thought patterns upon death and very similar life experiences.

While cross-species merging is very rare, it can happen if there's a lot of members of one species and they overpower the imprint of the other species.

Animals with very big and complex brains like humans tend to resist merging and retain more of themselves in cross-species merging with animals that have smaller brains.

So, assuming that Wulf doesn't choose to look like a wolf because he's a furry, he may be the ghost of some guy plus the ghost of that guy's many dogs. Maybe he was a dog breeder, owned a pet store, or just had a lot of dogs.

In order to result in Wulf, the man and his dogs would all need to die at the same time in the same way.

He may have a dog sledder, so hypothermia or getting lost were a risk, but since he doesn't have an ice core that's probably not how he died.

Neutral Moresnet was a territory between Belgium and Germany that in 1908 made Esperanto one of it's official languages. It was annexed by Germany in WWI, given to Belgium and renamed Kelmis, then annexed again in WWII, then given back to Belgium. In WWI the territory was mostly untouched during the annexation, so if Wulf is from there and died during an invasion, WWII is the best option.

He may have died trying to flee soldiers with his dogs and puppies.

Makes sense. Especially with Wulf having animal instincts

Tbh I think his form also relates to his death. I feel like he was killed being mauled by wolves while trying to run.

There's been many theories of him being scientist, being a werewolf, experiment, one that even tried to unlock ghost portals as well helping people escape and giving aid to people. I feel like he was on the run, when alive

[apricops]

2069 AD - the West Coast Alliance of Digital Democracies

or WCADD (pronounced “wicked”) for short.

Of all the fly-by-night states to emerge in the US’ post-imperial era, the WCADD holds a special place in many historians' hearts, not for its success (since it did not at all succeed) but for its sheer gumption. It was like a 21st-century Amikejo, the briefly-lived Esperantist state located in Neutral Moresnet. Certainly the WCADD was by far the easiest state to root for when compared to its neighbors and contemporaries -- the churlish, chadly atmosphere of the Iowan Khaganate, or the indecision and grating meekness of New New New Amsterdam, or the sad predictability of the "High Kingdom" of Texas.

Unlike those other powers, whose mission statements were essentially to survive as a sovereign entity, the WCADD framed itself as a grand experiment: "nobody likes old-fashioned territorial borders anymore; why don't we try digital ones?" Rather than being a part of this-or-that geographic district, citizens would voluntarily join one of the digital Forums (technically 'Fora,' but only the most persnickety legal documents stuck to that usage). Each Forum would be able to elect a certain number of representatives, each of whom would be an active member of the Congressional Forum, where laws were debated and, rarely, passed.

If you think about the idea of a "digital democracy" for more than a few seconds, you will probably have many questions -- "who would decide how many Forums there are? How would elections be secured? Would this 'digital democracy' be connected to the wider internet, or would it be its own independent network?" The WCADD answered none of these, devolving almost immediately into an inoperable mess, and it all provided a very convenient distraction while the house of Zuckerberg-Lorraine continued tightening its grip around the West Coast area.

[darcyolsson]

book recs !

open water by nelson is what im currently reading, very good so far + fast-paced so easy to get into

zink by van reybrouck (dutch) short story/character study/history on neutral moresnet (tiny non-state from 1816-1920 near the dutch/belgian/german border)

oh both of those sound VERY good!! i haven't read anything dutch since high school so i might actually have to read zink

[argyrocratie]

i just saw a pos about zinc and like everytimes it reminded me of neutral moresnet:

“After the demise of Napoleon's Empire, the Congress of Vienna of 1814–15 redrew the European map, intending to create a balance of power. One of the borders to be delineated was the one between the newly created United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Prussia. Both parties could agree on the larger part of the territory, as borders mostly followed older lines, but the district of Moresnet proved problematic, mainly because of a valuable zinc spar mine named Altenberg (German) or Vieille Montagne (French) located there. The governments of both the Netherlands and Prussia desired to appropriate this resource, which was needed for the production of zinc and brass – at that time, Bristol in England was the only other place where zinc ore was processed.[3]

In December 1815, Dutch and Prussian representatives convened in nearby Aachen and on 26 June 1816, a compromise was obtained, dividing the district of Moresnet into three parts. The Dutch absorbed the village of Moresnet itself into Liège Province, whereas the Prussian village Moresnet (renamed Neu-Moresnet after World War I) became part of the Prussian Rhine province, and the mine and village adjacent became a neutral territory pending a future agreement. The two powers, whose armies were prohibited from occupying the area, established a joint administration.[citation needed]

When Belgium gained its independence from the Netherlands in 1830, the Belgians assumed control of the Dutch role in Neutral Moresnet (though the Dutch never formally ceded their claim).”

[chat-chouage]

au where neutral moresnet continues to exist

[rvexillology]

Moresnet, an short lived, Esperanto speaking community

from /r/vexillology Top comment: You can read all about them [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral\_Moresnet) but in short, this was a small town with its own government that adopted Esperanto as its official language. Sadly it was annexed by Belgium in the Treaty of Versailles