#neurological function to survey

[raspberryjellybrains]

do I realize it's not wholly accurate nor reasonable to assign human psychology to inhuman beings who, as such, lack a human psyche? yes. however, it's my party, dance if I want to, we can get crazy let it all out.

[justanotherdreamingthought]

Shout out to a great study being done by the university of Edinborough on FND and the impact of stigma!

It’s an online survey, only about twenty minutes long. The more people with diagnosed FND who participate, the more likely it is that treatment and awareness will improve!

[3liza]

latest weird new medical problem is constantly, constantly craning my head forward in a way i did not either used to, or feel like i needed to. even lying down or reclining, im pysically holding my head forward away from my shoulders even when im not supporting the weight. efforts to consciously correct this over rthe last few days have done nothing except make my neck hurt. ive started having to do physical surveys of my body to check for unconscious clenching everywhere, and manually resetting it, but this method doesnt seem to be working so i dont think it's what doctors call a "functional" problem, ie, user error/bad habit/shitty posture. i feel like some sort of contracture is happening on a level that is one or two levels past "just been stting like a shrimp too long", either nerve decay is causing bad muscle firing or possibly additional instability is causing clenching as a stability compensation. i know the physical exercises to do to counteract bad posture habits and those arent helping either, this seems either neurological or nerve related

but nothing has changed recently to cause this. adderall can definitely cause muscle clenching but my dose is low and hasnt changed in ten years.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Double trouble: Hypermobility may increase Long Covid risk - Published Aug 6, 2024

“For a middle-aged woman who hasn’t had any actual injuries, I’ve had a huge amount of physical therapy,” says Liza DiLeo Thomas, a 52-year-old emergency medicine doctor in New Orleans and mom to five kids. “My neck muscles were always weak, my knees were bad. In retrospect, I was actually hypermobile, I just didn’t realize it.”

Hypermobility is a catch-all term for a spectrum of disorders characterized by joints capable of moving beyond the normal range of motion, often due to abnormalities in connective tissue. The most common of these disorders, which range from mild to severe, is known as Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (HEDS).

HEDS seems to be more common in women and also may be connected to some cases of Long Covid. A recent study found that people with the condition were 30% more likely not to have recovered fully from Covid-19 infection, based on symptom surveys.

“I got my first Covid infection in March of 2020,” Thomas told The Sick Times. “After [my] second infection, I never recovered.”

Thomas has not been able to return to work in the ER. Worse still, her kids brought home more Covid-19 infections, and each reinfection over the course of the next three years triggered novel, debilitating symptoms, such as painful skin rashes and mild myelitis, an inflammation of the spinal cord. “I believe I’ve had Covid a total of five times,” she said.

In April 2021, she ended up at the office of Tulane University School of Medicine neurologist Michele Longo, who was helming a new Long Covid clinic. Longo and her colleagues have discovered that vulnerability to Long Covid may sometimes be linked to hypermobility.

Longo referred Thomas to multiple specialists, including Dr. Jacques Courseault, founder of Tulane’s specialty hypermobility clinic, launched in 2022. It is one of the few of its kind in the world. Collaboration between that clinic and Longo’s Long Covid clinic has yielded novel clues to the connection between the two conditions.

“The specialist at the clinic pushed along my iliotibial band and other parts of my leg,” recalled Thomas. “And he said, ‘Your muscle pain is not due to muscle damage. You’re hypermobile.’” Muscles will chronically contract to stabilize weak joints in hypermobile individuals, leading to chronic pain.

That insight gave clues to what might be off balance in Thomas’ body, and pointed the way for treatments that helped improve her function, including antihistamines, low-dose naltrexone, and lots of saltwater to help increase blood volume, as she was later diagnosed with dysautonomia and small fiber neuropathy. With her condition better managed, she now works part-time for the same hospital in an administrative role, mostly from home.

How a connective tissue disorder might increase risk of Long Covid Longo, the Tulane neurologist, is the kind of doctor who listens closely to her patients

“My migraine headaches brought me to neurology as a profession,” she told The Sick Times. “I’ve been living my whole life in that space of having a chronic condition that does not have a biomarker. That lends itself very well to believing my patients and empathizing with them.”

Early in the pandemic, she started seeing chronically ill individuals who were much younger than her typical patient, and who had not recovered from an acute Covid-19 case.

At her Long Covid clinic, she began to notice that some of her patients were hypermobile. She diagnosed them via the traditional Beighton scoring system — a simple in-office test which checks the flexibility of joints such as the fingers, elbows, knees, and spine. Then, she sent them over to the EDS clinic, where Courseault inevitably confirmed her suspicion. “Every patient I sent him was indeed hypermobile,” she said.

This past April, Longo and colleagues published a report on five hypermobile females with Long Covid aged 33 to 51. Once diagnosed and treated at the EDS clinic for common issues associated with hypermobility, they began to see some improvements. Longo and colleagues are now putting together a case series on fifty patients.

Read the rest at either link!

[vaerjs]

Scusa un attimo, ho letto il post sull esame di stato, lungi da me farci sopra un discorso e una critica seria e articolata perché so un cazzo io di scuola, ma ora il corsivo in terza media è tipo una cosa speciale??? (Tralasciando chi veniva da fuori..) Ma solo io sono stato cresciuto già dalle elementari con dettati enormi fatti sotto minaccia armata di pagine e pagine di testi a caso, da professoresse che nel mentre godevano nel vederci con i crampi alla mano si fumavano una sigaretta vicino alla finestra e guai a chi fiatava?! Alle medie poi programmi erano già abbastanza complessi..

Berninger, V. W., Vaughan, K. B., Abbott, R. D., Abbott, S. P., Rogan, L. W., Brooks, A., Reed, E., & Graham, S. (2006). Effective treatment for dysgraphia in children with learning disabilities: A combined single-subject and group approach. Learning Disability Quarterly, 29(2), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.2307/30035532

Feder, K. P., & Majnemer, A. (2007). Handwriting development, competency, and intervention. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(4), 312-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00312.x

James, K. H., & Engelhardt, L. (2012). The effects of handwriting experience on functional brain development in pre-literate children. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 1(1), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2012.08.001

Konnikova, M. (2014, June 2). What’s lost as handwriting fades. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/03/science/whats-lost-as-handwriting-fades.html

Longcamp, M., Zerbato-Poudou, M. T., & Velay, J. L. (2005). The influence of writing practice on letter recognition in preschool children. Acta Psychologica, 119(1), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2004.10.019

Pinnelli, S. (2021). Inclusion and contexts. A survey on fonts and High Readability among heterogeneous readers. Italian Journal of Special Education for Inclusion, IX, 1, 63‐73 | https://doi10.7346/sipes-01-2021-09

[naevose]

ooc . After some chit-chats with @massensterben, I’ll be adding a verse where Marco ultimately transfers from the Military Police to the Survey Corps. Due to his physical and neurological disabilities, he cannot hold an offensive position or one that has a heavy focus on teamwork or group manoeuvres. Instead, he functions as a medic, in a support squad composed of largely independent scouts. Through this transfer, he is present for the raid on Liberio. Needless to say, Marco does not approve of the ambush.

[the-real-zhora-salome]

In the stillness of London’s Harold Pinter Theatre, as David Tennant crouched on stage to deliver a pivotal soliloquy in Macbeth, chaos erupted.

A patron, incensed after being asked to wait before returning to his seat after a loo break, began shouting indignantly from the wings. Demanding immediate access, he disrupted the performance with his cries of, “two hours without a loo break! I paid £250 to see David Tennant in Macbeth and I was really looking forward to it!”

Staff intervened, but the situation escalated when the man shoved security personnel. Frustrated, fellow theatergoers began slow-clapping and chanting “out, out, out!” until he was forcibly removed, booed all the way to the door.

The incident spread rapidly across social media, sparking debates about audience etiquette. One commenter encapsulated the frustration many felt:

"Some people just do not know how to behave in public, and at the theatre, they feel they should be able to get up and move around, talk, and even look at their mobiles. They behave as if they are at home."

Others, however, sought to clarify the sequence of events, pointing to a misunderstanding that framed the outburst. Another user explained:

"The disgruntled ticket holder caused a furore when he was told he would have to wait to return to his seat after returning from the toilet. He wasn’t refused re-admission completely, just asked to wait for a suitable moment to retake his seat. All this person’s rage was because he couldn’t sit back down immediately – he HAD to wait a few minutes."

This raises a troubling question: How could such a minor inconvenience – a short wait for an appropriate pause in the performance – escalate into such aggression? And why does this kind of behaviour seem to be happening in theatres more frequently?

The Macbeth incident is part of a broader trend of escalating audience disruptions. Theatres across the UK have reported an increase in violent, aggressive, and antisocial behaviour since the pandemic.

Earlier this year, a performance of the Bodyguard at Manchester’s Palace Theatre ended in chaos. Audience members, determined to sing over the cast during the final number, sparked a confrontation so intense that the production was stopped and police were called, arriving in riot vans.

Disruptions have ranged from heckling and shouting to physical altercations and even instances of public urination in seats. One front-of-house worker described to the Guardian how, since the beginning of the pandemic, she and her colleagues have faced escalating violence and abuse, breaking up fights and enduring verbal attacks on a weekly basis.

A recent survey by the Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph, and Theatre Union (BECTU) found that 90% of theatre workers had experienced or witnessed unacceptable behavior from audiences, with 70% saying such incidents have worsened since the beginning of pandemic.

What’s driving this rise in impatience, aggression, and disregard for others? The answer may lie in the lingering neurological effects of Covid-19 (coronavirus).

Initially dismissed as a result of post-lockdown awkwardness or direct sales of alcohol to audiences at theatres, this behavioural shift now appears to have a biological component. Covid-19, widely understood as a respiratory illness early in the pandemic, is now recognised as a vascular disease that affects multiple systems in the body, including the brain.

Even infections whose symptoms appear ‘mild’ can lead to long-term neurological changes, with symptoms such as emotional dysregulation, impulsiveness, and aggression becoming more common.

Neuropsychiatrist Dr. Adam Kaplin of Johns Hopkins University describes a phenomenon he calls “Covid-induced disinhibition,” in which individuals exhibit drastic personality changes after infection.

According to Kaplin, it is not the virus itself but the immune system’s inflammatory response to Covid-19 that can alter brain function, particularly in areas governing impulse control, empathy, and emotional regulation. These changes can manifest as uncharacteristic aggression, a diminished capacity for social norms, and a skewed sense of entitlement.

Covid isn’t just changing how we feel physically, it’s reshaping how we think and act.

Impatience, like that exhibited by the audience member who refused to wait for an appropriate moment to return to his seat, might seem like a minor issue. But in the context of Covid-19’s neurological impact, it represents something much larger: a fundamental shift in the way we think, process emotions, and interact with the world.

One person’s impatience at a play can be irritating, but in other contexts it can be lethal.

A 2024 study published in Neurology revealed that Covid-19 survivors were 50% more likely to be involved in car accidents compared to those who had never been infected. Researchers compared this increased risk to driving under the influence, linking it to heightened impulsivity and reduced attention spans.

Traffic fatalities in the U.S., which had been steadily declining for decades, have risen sharply since the pandemic. Between 2018 and 2023, speeding-related deaths increased by 21%, while fatalities linked to distracted driving climbed by 16%.

Brain imaging studies have revealed that Covid can thin the gray matter in the frontal and temporal lobes – areas critical to moral reasoning, impulse control, and empathy. Thinning of these areas doesn’t necessarily result in cognitive symptoms or forgetfulness in the early stages. Instead, it often manifests as disinhibition, with individuals exhibiting uncharacteristic impulsivity, poor judgment, or aggressive behaviour that might not seem immediately related to intelligence or memory.

Damage to these regions of the brain can induce what has been called ‘a slow and insidious loss of the capacity for moral rationality’. What begins as disinhibition – minor lapses in patience or self-control – can escalate over time into more sociopathic behaviour, with profound consequences for society at large.

This crisis extends beyond theatre etiquette; it is a public health issue. If the whole of society are experiencing cumulative damage to our nervous systems, the consequences for society, even geopolitics, are cause for alarm. Theatre can lead the way, not only with protecting performers, crew, venue staff and audiences, but in modelling how governments and institutions can prevent further damage to the nation’s health and intellectual capital.

Advocacy groups like Protect the Heart of the Arts argue that addressing these disruptions requires tackling their root cause: COVID itself.

Theatres can lead by example by adopting measures that prioritise clean air and accurate on-site testing.

In 2021, the National Theatre in London upgraded their ventilation with HEPA air filtration. In April 2024, this may have allowed performances to continue when Michael Sheen, the lead actor of Nye, fell ill. Instead of the illness spreading to the rest of the cast, Sheen was replaced with understudy Lee Mungo for several performances.

By contrast, David Tennant’s Macbeth was cancelled for four consecutive performances and returned with the support of six understudies. Other venues can follow suit, combining air quality improvements with on-site molecular testing, like PlusLife, that delivers PCR-level accuracy in minutes.

Audience masking, though politically contentious, is a cost-effective measure that could protect both patrons and performers.

But the responsibility extends beyond theatres.

Governments, institutions, and individuals must recognise Covid’s connection to anti-social behaviour and invest in policies which will curb transmission, including face masks in healthcare settings and on-site molecular testing, such as PlusLife.

If Covid is contributing to the erosion of moral reasoning and impulse control, then preventing further infections isn’t just about health—it’s about preserving the fabric of our social lives.

Theatre has always reflected our individual and collective struggles, and Macbeth itself serves as a cautionary tale about moral decay.

Today, the challenge is to confront the slow erosion of our collective empathy and impulse control, not from ambition, but from infectious disease.

The question cannot be more urgent: if Covid-19 is silently reshaping our brains and behaviours, what kind of society will we become? The answer, as always, lies in our willingness to confront the truth and to act before we find ourselves having lost our grasp on morality – just like the play’s titular character.

[notdefinedbyfnd]

Calling students, faculty members, and staff of secondary education Institutions!!!

We are conducting a survey to assess the current level of awareness, understanding, and availability of information and educational resources on Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) among secondary education institutions (universities, colleges, etc.) 

Click to see more details and/or take the survey. Don’t forget to share, share, share! :) Thank you in advance for your participation!

[nursingwriter]

Psychopharmocology: Psychotic Disorders Psychopharmacology: Psychotic disorders Accepted psychological and biological theories regarding the causes of each disorder Psychosis is an undefined syndrome that manifests in delusions, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, losing touch with reality. The condition is attributed to a variety of conditions including primary psychiatric complications and medical complications such as dementia, central lobe epilepsy, Schizophrenia and related disorders, medical complications, abnormalities in metabolism, endocrine and neurologic disease. It also includes drug and substance abuse complications. Common among the substances abused are hallucinogens and amphetamines. The most common primary psychosis is schizophrenia. This disorder is a severe one. It begins sometime around adolescence or in the early stage of adulthood. Although the onset tends to manifest a later among women, the occurrence of the condition seems evenly spread across the gender divide. Surveys in epidemiology demonstrate that 0.4% of the disorder is characterized by critical disorders in thinking patterns and perception. Inappropriate emotions are also prevalent. The disorder affects primary functions that serve to endow one with the feeling of uniqueness, self-direction and individuality (Werbeloff, Dohrenwend, Yoffe, Davidson, & Weiser 2015). There is likely to be a serious change of behavior in some stages of the disorder. Such interference often triggers undesirable social effects. Delusions and hallucinations are common features of psychotic disorder. Schizophrenic people are well-oriented to places, time and people. The disorder pursues a variable trend and about one third of its cases recover fully from the disorder. The condition can also follow a recurrent course and may leave residual symptoms and incomplete recovery on the social front. In the past, schizophrenic patients formed a significant portion of patients in mental institutions in the past. Actually, they are still many in places where such institutions still exist. Owing to the advances in medical health, drug therapy practices and psychosocial care, nearly half of all patients that develop schizophrenia recover from the condition fully. In the other half only one fifth of victims still face serious limitations in running their daily routines (Solem et al., 2015). It should be noted that even after the externally obvious symptoms of the disorder have subsided, residual symptoms continue to exist in the background. Such symptoms include lack of interest in work or initiative in daily activities. Others include remaining socially incompetent and being unable to participate in pleasurable, normative activities. Such reaction leads to a poor quality of life and sustained disability. This is obviously a burden to the family and friends of the victim. Therefore, workers in health care should, consider the role of culture and spirituality in the occurrence of schizophrenia in provision of primary health care. Psychiatric symptoms are expressed differently in different cultures. Some even use metaphors. There is need in such circumstances where the health care professional is limited in the language of the victim to use interpreters to explain the symptoms. Additionally, some symptoms of psychiatric disorder-like symptoms may be considered normal in some cultures. Hearing voices is an example of such symptoms. There should be careful evaluation not to avoid misinterpretation (WHO, 2009). Medications used in treatment of psychiatric disorders and their mode of action Modern practice recommends the use of a single antipsychotic at a time. Simultaneous use of antipsychotics may complicate a patient's condition and has no benefit. High doses of these medications should be avoided because they are known to trigger adverse reactions and still provide no substantial benefits. It is a standard recommended practice to begin with small doses and increase as you go. There should be a clear definition of the minimum prescribed dosage. Long-term psychotics should be used only if the problem is critical and persistent. Normally there is need to administer a test dose of a long acting formula such as 12.5mg of fluphenazine decanoate given as an intramuscular prescribed dosage. Following the first administration, the dosage is titrated after 4 to 10 days to sustain effective maintenance therapy. The health expert could give between 12.5 to 5.0mg of intramuscular fluphenazine decanoate after every 2-4 weeks. Moving from the use of one psychotic drug to the next one should be done with utmost care. The first dose should be systematically reduced in a gradual manner as the dose of the second one is increased. Patients that do not show progress; even after using sufficient doses of two psychotics are normally given Clozapine . Prior to the administration of Clozapine, several classes of antipsychotics are prescribed. Once the use of Clozapine has commenced, the effectiveness of treatment should be scrutinized for six months. Prescription of this medication without monitoring white blood cells may heighten the risk of fatal agranulocytosis (Stroup et al., 2015). Once the serious episode has subsided, it is recommended that the treatment continues for at least a year. If that is not done, two thirds of patients regress back to chronic condition within a year. So far, no reliable strategy has been evolved to know the minimum dose that should be used to avoid relapse. In the course of long-term treatment, health care providers may either maintain or decrease the dose used during the acute phase moderately; depending on the condition and the prevailing clinical status. Sticking to treatment may be a long-term problem. In such circumstances, the heath care experts should consult with the patient and their family on the option of using long acting psychotics. Other strategies include patient education, educating the family about psychotherapy and some specified interventions in psychotherapy. A weekly white cell blood count is done for 18 weeks in some countries in cases where Clozapine is in use. This happens at least every two weeks through the year. If such checks are not possible, Clozapine should never be administered (Carpenter & Buchanan, 2015). Side effects The side effects of antipsychotics are classified in two groups. There are the anticholinergic side effects and neurologic ones. The latter include parkinsoan symptoms which entail akinesia, rigidity and resting tremor. They also involve acute dystonias, akathisia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia and even convulsions. Anticholinergic side effects include blurred vision, dry mouth, urine retention and constipation. They also include severe agitation and frequent confusion. In case the patient develops parkinson effects, the expert should reduce the antipsychotic dose. If these effects persist, the health provider should consider administering using antiparkinsoan agents, e.g. 2-4 mg of biperiden per day. The side effects that are known to be a result of the use of second generation antipsychotics include, ketoacidosis, diabetes, hyperglycaemia and lipid dysregulation. Olanzapine and Clozapine are associated with the highest risk of weigh gain, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus. The antipsychotic metabolic complications are a major cause of worry because they are risk factors in the occurrence of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. More side effects associated with the use of antipsychotics include weight gain, orthostatic hypothension, electrocardiogram abnormalities, sedation, increased prolactin leading to galactorrhea, impotence, jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, agranulocytosis, photosensitivity, leukopenia, skin eruptions, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, retinal pigmentation. The use of Clozaoine causes significant life endangering effects; agranulocytosis is the best known among them. Clozapine use poses 10 times higher risk of Agranulocytosis than other drugs do. Monitoring blood count can help manage the use of Clozapine. The drug is also linked to, cardio-myopathy and myocarditis and pulmunary embolism (Maciukiewicz, Sriretnakumar, & Muller, 2016). Process you would go through when seeing a patient with one of these disorders, including how you would make a differential diagnosis, conditions you would want to rule out, and how you would make decisions about treatment The healthcare experts should investigate the possibility that the psychotic disorder could have been a result of substance abuse or organic illness. A detailed background check and assessment of the patients' psychiatric history should be done. In situations where psychosis is a result of a medical problem, the underlying condition should be treated. Attention should also be paid to the adjunctive management of behavioral problems. If substance abuse is cited, detoxification should be prioritized. This should be accompanied with adjustment of medication. Acute schizophrenia needs o be evaluated at the earliest opportunity. Family members are useful in cases of uncooperativeness, a common tendency among this group. Health care experts should extract as much information as possible from credible sources. Trends in sleeping patterns, daily routine, and speech should be probed. The possibility of self-injury as a patients considerations should be checked too (Miller, Mednick, McGlashan, Libiger, & Johannessen, 2012). Although patients may attempt suicide at any point as an outcome of experiencing psychotic complications, there is a higher possibility of such an eventuality when there are acute psychotic exacerbations. This is the time when the patient responds to delusions or hallucinations. The risk is also heightened during the weeks or after acute exacerbations. It is essential to intervene early in schizophrenia illness because of the positive relationship between the untreated period and the long-term treatment results. Some of the specific interventions include educating the family about psychosis, employment support, awareness about the management of illness, training in social skills, integrated handling of substance abuse issues and cognitive behavioral therapy practices. Schizophrenic patients should be provided with psychosocial intervention to complement pharmacological intervention (Chuanyue, 2015). The objective of the above practices is to reduce severe symptoms. Antipsychotic agents should be used in the management of schizophrenia and similar disorders. The agents have a proven effectiveness against schizophrenia symptoms. Their effect on residual symptoms is disappointingly low or even absent. Antipsychotic therapy should only be stated after checking blood pressure and weight. More monitoring strategies include electrocardiogram, liver function test, full blood count, creatinine phosphokinase, lipid pattern and prolactin, urea electrolytes and blood glucose checks. Clozapine patients should be checked for blood count. Clinical practice classifies antipsychotic agents into first generation antipsychotics and second generation antipsychotics. Antipsychotics in the first generation are grouped into phenothiazines; a class that includes a host of antipsychotic formulas such as pipotiazine, promazine, levomepromazine, pericyazine among others. Second generation types include sertindole, risperidone, ziprasidone, olanzapine, quetiapine and zotepine; to mention a few. Both classes of drugs are effective in treating psychotic symptoms (Lutgens et al., 2015). The two classes mentioned above differ remarkably when it comes to the side effects. WHO EML recommends essential drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and similar psychotic disorders as haloperidol, fluphenazine chlorpromazine, fluphenazine decanoate or enantate. They are clearly proven effective drugs in the treatment of the disorders and safety. Health care experts should consider oral administration of antipsychotics in acute schizophrenia cases. If there is a choice to make among several available antipsychotics, the decision should be based on 1. Whether it is included in the WHO EML; 2.The patient's history of responsiveness to antipsychotics. If the response has been positive to a specific agent, then the agent should be the choice. If the response was bad, a different agent should be used; 3. Adherence to treatment. If it was poor, long-term acting agents should be considered; 4. Cormobidities; if there is evidence of a patient suffering from medical problems of a specific type, some of the agents may not be appropriate. For instance, thioridazine should be ruled out in cases of elederly patients suffering from electrocardiogram complications. If a patient has glucose issues, clozapine and olanzapine should only be used cautiously; 5. Subjecte effect of adverse reactions should be checked. Providers should explore such effects with the patient and family members. For instance, the effect of weight gain and its relevance may vary between males and females; depending on the culture of each; 6.Cost effects. This aspect may vary according to the facility in which the antipsychotics and service are provided; 7. Old/New agent. It is a wise thing to prescribe medications that are well-known. This is a general rule in the practice of health care. The side effects of drugs only manifest after some time. Some take years to manifest (Solem et al., 2015). The treatment must be monitored and the effect assessed within a period of 6-8 weeks. If no meaningful improvement is noticed, the patient, the health care provider must sit, discuss, and decide whether to switch to another oral antipsychotic. If adhering to the treatment is a major issue, then the health care provider, the family members and the patient must look into the possibility of switching to a long- acting preparation. If the patient reacts to the treatment, the health care provider should discuss with the patient and the family members and decrease the dose. If after reducing the dosage, the adverse reaction persists, it may be necessary to switch to a different antipsychotic because it could lead to life threatening effects associated with agranulocytosis. To control the acute psychotic symptoms, the provider should resort to intramuscular treatment if the oral treatment is not practicable. WHO, EML essential medicines are haloperidol injection (e.g. 5 mg intramuscular) or chlorpromazine injection (e.g. 25 mg intramuscular). After administering the intramuscular antipsychotic, the provider should monitor the blood pressure, the body temperature, the respiratory rate, and the pulse. In addition, other than pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention, the health care provider must provide information to both the patient and the family members after listening and give a psychological support and reassurance. This is important since it helps to develop a good relationship and offer a therapeutic alliance that may positively influence the patient's well-being and a lasting solution to the problem of the disorder. Psychotic symptoms may include hallucination, delusion, illogical ideas, bizarre behavior, and deficiencies in speech, thought blocking, incoherence in thought association, neologisms. This may effectively be treated using antipsychotic medicine. The effectiveness of the treatment should be assessed after 6- 8 weeks to determine whether the acute episode has been resolved or not. Health care providers may need to prolong the treatment for at least a year. (Miller etal, 2012). Psychopharmacological interventions that are commonly used for major DSM classifications. In the past 25 years, DSM system and psychopharmacology has been evolving and currently have a strong influence on each other. The psychopharmacological revolution necessitated that there should be a method of systematic and reliable psychiatric diagnosis that provides the impetus for the research diagnostic criteria and development of structural assessment that were forerunners of DSM-III. The availability of well-defined psychiatric diagnoses is intended to stimulate the development of the specific treatment while the DSM-IV will influence the future revisions. The development of the DSM-IV and ways of addressing several issues in psychiatrics nosology including descriptive, reliability, diagnosis, validity, heuristic values of the current classification is important. It entails interacting with psychopharmacological research. So far, the changes in the DSM-5 classification affects the decision making process and assists in choosing the medications. It focuses on the solving the problem by differentiating schizophrenia with mood symptoms, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder with psychosis. According to the Harvard South shore program, there is evidence of the derived algorithms for the schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and pharmacotherapy. The DSM-5 patients showing the mood symptoms will have to meet the criteria for schizophrenia as recommended by the algorithm in the use of mood stabilizers and antidepressants (David, 2013). A new version of diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorder was released in May 2013 (American Psychiatric Association 2013), and was presented to the annual congress of APA meeting. The publication was preceded by about 10 years of work that had brought together both Americans and international experts. The DSM diagnostic system is therefore used in psychiatric care research in the U.S.A. Also, DSM-5 will have an important role to play in the revision of the psychiatric classification published by the WHO as well as the ICD (international classification of diseases). The system plays an important role in collecting statistics in health care and statistics in many countries of the world. The preparation is advanced and the revised version, ICD-11 may not be featured until late in the 2017. This is because of the delay caused bureaucratic hurdles in the decision making process. The ICD -- 11 will however correlate with the DSM-5 system. DSM-IV was compared with DSM-5 to help identify any changes in the psychiatric diagnosis and the consequences for psych pharmacotherapy. DSM-5 did not make changes but moved towards dimensional diagnosis and was preserved in the previous primary symptom- based descriptive and categorical system approach. The reason why the dimensional approach was adopted was that it was possible to adopt it through transnosological specifiers and gives one an opportunity to make syndrome- or symptom made assessment. The criteria such as dependence, effective and schizophrenic were changed to allow the inclusion of other new disorders (Moller 2014). Differentiating the medical conditions and medications that stimulates psychiatric disorder In the American psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental Disorders ( DSM-5 Fifth Edition). Many psychiatrists have identified a number of patients with a factitious disorder and have grouped them as those suffering from Munchhausen's syndrome. Factitious disorder are among the somatic symptom related to somatic symptoms that remains dominant in both cases but often encountered in medical settings. The factitious disorder imposed is only but a falsification of illness manifestation in another person. It is done by the caregivers to their patients. The patients at times become the responsibility of the surgical or medical clinics. However, it is noted that the disorder is always a complex mental problem that is more serious than the dishonest simulation of the symptoms. It is mostly associated with emotional difficulties. Initially, the disorder used to be referred to as Munchausen syndrome or factitious disorder by proxy. Read the full article

[thoratketan]

Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Diagnostics Market: Analysis Of Market Segmentation And Trends

The global Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Diagnostics market has reached a significant milestone, with its valuation at USD 1.25 billion in 2023 and projections indicating an exponential rise to USD 7.75 billion by 2032. This remarkable growth, marked by a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 22.5% from 2024 to 2032, underscores the transformative impact AI technologies are having on the healthcare diagnostics landscape.

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AI's integration into diagnostics is reshaping traditional medical processes, enabling faster, more accurate, and cost-effective disease detection and treatment planning. As healthcare systems worldwide face increasing pressure to deliver quality outcomes while managing costs, the adoption of AI-driven solutions is becoming more than a trend—it's a necessity.

Market Drivers: AI’s Role in Revolutionizing Healthcare

Several key factors are driving the AI in diagnostics market forward:

Increased Accuracy and Efficiency: AI algorithms are demonstrating superior accuracy in detecting diseases like cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurological disorders compared to traditional diagnostic methods. Deep learning and machine learning models can analyze vast datasets—including imaging scans, pathology slides, and genetic profiles—faster and with fewer errors.

Rising Healthcare Data Volume: The healthcare sector is experiencing an explosion in data, from electronic health records (EHRs) to wearable device outputs. AI tools are instrumental in mining this data for actionable insights that improve diagnosis and personalize treatment.

Growing Investment and Government Support: Investment in healthcare AI startups and technologies has surged in recent years. Governments and regulatory bodies are also recognizing AI’s potential, accelerating approval pathways and funding pilot programs that integrate AI into clinical workflows.

Telemedicine and Remote Diagnostics: With the rise of telehealth, AI diagnostic tools are playing a vital role in enabling remote patient monitoring and virtual consultations, particularly in underserved and rural areas.

Key Segments:

By Component

By Diagnosis Type

Key Players:

Key Service Providers/Manufacturers

Make Enquiry about Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Diagnostics Market    

Conclusion

The projected growth of the AI in diagnostics market—from USD 1.25 billion in 2023 to USD 7.75 billion by 2032—highlights a revolutionary shift in how diseases are diagnosed and managed. As the healthcare sector embraces digital transformation, AI will be at the forefront of a new era in precision diagnostics, offering hope for earlier detection, improved outcomes, and reduced healthcare costs.

 About US:

SNS Insider Is One Of The Leading Market Research And Consulting Agencies That Dominates The Market Research Industry Globally. Our Company's Aim Is To Give Clients The Knowledge They Require In Order To Function In Changing Circumstances. In Order To Give You Current, Accurate Market Data, Consumer Insights, And Opinions So That You Can Make Decisions With Confidence, We Employ A Variety Of Techniques, Including Surveys, Video Talks, And Focus Groups Around The World.

Contact Us:

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Phone: +1-315 636 4242 (US) | +44- 20 3290 5010 (UK)

[weepingbarbariansweets]

North America Home Infusion Therapy Market - Key Players, Size, Trends, Opportunities, Growth Analysis to 2028

The North America home infusion therapy market is expected to grow from US$ 10,954.08 million in 2022 to US$ 18,112.18 million by 2028. It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.7% from 2022 to 2028

Increasing Incidences of Chronic Disorders Coupled with Rising Geriatric Population is Driving North America Home Infusion Therapy Market

Chronic disorders such as cardiovascular, nutritional, and gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders affect the overall quality of life.

📚 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐃𝐅 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐲@ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/sample/BMIRE00028375

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 50% of the global population is estimated to suffer from at least one chronic disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that 6 out of 10 people in the US suffered from at least one chronic disease in 2019. According to the “Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study,” a large-scale multinational study published in 2021, ~40% of 73,076 adults surveyed from 33 countries in the world were suffering from a functional gastrointestinal disorder (GFID). Age-related gastrointestinal problems are more common in the elderly population, aged 64 and above.

📚𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 @ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/reports/north-america-home-infusion-therapy-market

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬

B. Braun Melsungen AG

Baxter International Inc

Nipro Corp

Becton Dickinson and Co

Fresenius Kabi AG

ICU Medical Inc

JMS Co Ltd

Eitan Medical Ltd

Terumo Corp

Drivers of Market Growth:

Several key factors are propelling the growth of the North America home infusion therapy market:

Presence of Leading Market Players and Product Developments:

The market is characterized by the presence of established pharmaceutical and medical device companies, as well as specialized home infusion providers. These players are continuously investing in research and development to introduce innovative products and services.

This includes the development of advanced infusion pumps, specialized drug formulations, and patient monitoring systems, all designed to enhance the safety, efficacy, and convenience of home infusion therapy.

Furthermore, market leaders are expanding their service offerings to include comprehensive patient education, clinical support, and remote monitoring, ensuring seamless and effective care delivery.

Growing Geriatric Population:

The aging population is a significant demographic trend across North America, particularly in the US and Canada.

As individuals age, they are more susceptible to chronic diseases and conditions that require long-term infusion therapy, such as heart failure, cancer, and neurological disorders.

The convenience and cost-effectiveness of home infusion therapy make it an attractive option for elderly patients, allowing them to receive necessary treatments in the comfort of their homes, minimizing hospital visits and associated risks.

According to the Population Reference Bureau (2019), the US geriatric population is projected to surge from 52 million in 2018 to 95 million by 2060. This demographic shift will undoubtedly fuel the demand for home infusion services.

𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐔𝐬:

Business Market Insights is a market research platform that provides subscription service for industry and company reports. Our research team has extensive professional expertise in domains such as Electronics & Semiconductor; Aerospace & Defense; Automotive & Transportation; Energy & Power; Healthcare; Manufacturing & Construction; Food & Beverages; Chemicals & Materials; and Technology, Media, & Telecommunications

𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫’𝐬 𝐁𝐢𝐨:

𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐣𝐨𝐡𝐧𝐬𝐨𝐧

𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭

Browse More Reports:

North America Ventilators Market - https://akashgharge.blogspot.com/2025/03/north-america-ventilators-market.html

North America Multi-Cloud Management Market-https://akashgharge.blogspot.com/2025/03/north-america-multi-cloud-management.html

[valiantwitchfestival]

North America Home Infusion Therapy Market Size, Trends, Competitors Strategy, Regional Analysis and Growth by Forecast to 2028

The North America home infusion therapy market is expected to grow from US$ 10,954.08 million in 2022 to US$ 18,112.18 million by 2028. It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.7% from 2022 to 2028

Increasing Incidences of Chronic Disorders Coupled with Rising Geriatric Population is Driving North America Home Infusion Therapy Market

Chronic disorders such as cardiovascular, nutritional, and gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders affect the overall quality of life.

📚 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐃𝐅 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐲@ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/sample/BMIRE00028375

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 50% of the global population is estimated to suffer from at least one chronic disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that 6 out of 10 people in the US suffered from at least one chronic disease in 2019. According to the “Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study,” a large-scale multinational study published in 2021, ~40% of 73,076 adults surveyed from 33 countries in the world were suffering from a functional gastrointestinal disorder (GFID). Age-related gastrointestinal problems are more common in the elderly population, aged 64 and above.

📚𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 @ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/reports/north-america-home-infusion-therapy-market

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬

B. Braun Melsungen AG

Baxter International Inc

Nipro Corp

Becton Dickinson and Co

Fresenius Kabi AG

ICU Medical Inc

JMS Co Ltd

Eitan Medical Ltd

Terumo Corp

Rising Chronic Disease Burden:

Chronic diseases, encompassing cardiovascular, nutritional, gastrointestinal, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders, are significantly impacting quality of life.

Global statistics highlight the widespread nature of these conditions, with over 50% of the world's population estimated to have at least one chronic disease (WHO).

In the United States, the CDC reports that 6 in 10 adults suffer from at least one chronic disease.

Gastrointestinal disorders, particularly prevalent among the elderly, affect a substantial portion of the population, as evidenced by a 2021 global study indicating that approximately 40% of adults surveyed across 33 countries had a functional gastrointestinal disorder.

Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, often exacerbated by modern lifestyles, are major contributors to mortality. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported 537 million people worldwide with diabetes in 2021, projecting a rise to 783 million by 2045.

Neurological conditions are also widespread, with approximately 14.7 million cases registered in 2019 in the United Kingdom alone.

𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐔𝐬:

Business Market Insights is a market research platform that provides subscription service for industry and company reports. Our research team has extensive professional expertise in domains such as Electronics & Semiconductor; Aerospace & Defense; Automotive & Transportation; Energy & Power; Healthcare; Manufacturing & Construction; Food & Beverages; Chemicals & Materials; and Technology, Media, & Telecommunications

𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫’𝐬 𝐁𝐢𝐨:

𝐕𝐚𝐢𝐛𝐡𝐚𝐯 𝐆𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠���

𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭

Browse More Reports:

North America Ventilators Market - https://akashgharge.blogspot.com/2025/03/north-america-ventilators-market.html

North America Multi-Cloud Management Market-https://akashgharge.blogspot.com/2025/03/north-america-multi-cloud-management.html

[sassygardenerstudent]

North America Home Infusion Therapy Market - Global Drivers, Opportunities, Trends, and Forecasts to 2028

The North America home infusion therapy market is expected to grow from US$ 10,954.08 million in 2022 to US$ 18,112.18 million by 2028. It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.7% from 2022 to 2028

Increasing Incidences of Chronic Disorders Coupled with Rising Geriatric Population is Driving North America Home Infusion Therapy Market

Chronic disorders such as cardiovascular, nutritional, and gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders affect the overall quality of life.

📚 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐃𝐅 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐲@ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/sample/BMIRE00028375

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 50% of the global population is estimated to suffer from at least one chronic disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that 6 out of 10 people in the US suffered from at least one chronic disease in 2019. According to the “Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study,” a large-scale multinational study published in 2021, ~40% of 73,076 adults surveyed from 33 countries in the world were suffering from a functional gastrointestinal disorder (GFID). Age-related gastrointestinal problems are more common in the elderly population, aged 64 and above.

📚𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 @ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/reports/north-america-home-infusion-therapy-market

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬

B. Braun Melsungen AG

Baxter International Inc

Nipro Corp

Becton Dickinson and Co

Fresenius Kabi AG

ICU Medical Inc

JMS Co Ltd

Eitan Medical Ltd

Terumo Corp

Market Challenges and Considerations:

Despite its strong growth potential, the home infusion therapy market faces certain challenges:

Reimbursement Policies: Complex reimbursement policies and variations in coverage can create barriers to access for some patients.

Patient Safety and Monitoring: Ensuring patient safety and providing adequate monitoring in the home setting are critical concerns.

Skilled Nursing Shortages: The availability of skilled nurses to administer infusion therapy and provide patient education is essential for safe and effective home infusion.  

Logistics and Supply Chain: Timely delivery of medications and supplies to patients' homes is crucial for uninterrupted treatment.

Regulatory Compliance: Adherence to strict regulatory guidelines and accreditation standards is essential for home infusion providers.  

Patient selection: Not all patients are suitable for home infusion. Proper patient selection is important to ensure patient safety and effectiveness of the treatment.  

𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐔𝐬:

Business Market Insights is a market research platform that provides subscription service for industry and company reports. Our research team has extensive professional expertise in domains such as Electronics & Semiconductor; Aerospace & Defense; Automotive & Transportation; Energy & Power; Healthcare; Manufacturing & Construction; Food & Beverages; Chemicals & Materials; and Technology, Media, & Telecommunications

𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫’𝐬 𝐁𝐢𝐨:

𝐏𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐥

��𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭

Browse More Reports:

North America Ventilators Market - https://akashgharge.blogspot.com/2025/03/north-america-ventilators-market.html

North America Multi-Cloud Management Market-https://akashgharge.blogspot.com/2025/03/north-america-multi-cloud-management.html

[covid-safer-hotties]

Attitudes and Behaviours Regarding COVID-19 Mitigation Strategies in Australians With an Underlying Health Condition: A Cross-Sectional Study - Published Sept 12, 2024

ABSTRACT Background Public health strategies have focused on preventing and slowing the transmission of COVID-19 by promoting the uptake of mitigation strategies. However, little is known about the uptake of these strategies in the presence of underlying health conditions.

Objectives To describe the attitudes and behaviours of a sample of Australians towards COVID-19 mitigation strategies, and determine if uptake of these strategies differed across different health conditions.

Design Cross-sectional study.

Setting and Participants National survey of Australian residents over 18 years.

Main Outcome Measures A purpose-built survey was used to collect participants' attitudes and behaviours towards COVID-19 mitigation strategies.

Results Over half (53%) of the 2867 participants (99% completion rate) reported having one or more comorbidities. The most commonly self-reported health condition was cardiometabolic conditions (28%). Most participants disagreed that masks were no longer needed (74%) and wanted the 5-day isolation mandate (66%). More than one-third would like masks to be mandated for indoor spaces (38%) and 25% avoided going to hospitals. Participants with allergies (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.14, 1.65), cardiometabolic (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.23, 1.79), respiratory (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07, 1.62) and neurological (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.12, 2.32) conditions were more likely to avoid using public transport compared to those without. In contrast, participants with underlying mental health conditions were less likely to use N95/P2 facemasks in public spaces (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.25, 0.87) compared to those without.

Conclusions A substantial proportion of Australians continued to adopt COVID-19 mitigation measures or expressed a desire for more mitigations, including mandatory isolation for COVID-19, despite the lack of mandates. People with an underlying health condition who represent more than half of all adults appear to be more careful with mitigations to avoid COVID-19.

Patient or Public Contribution Members of the public were invited to participate in a soft launch of the survey between 4th and 5th January 2023 to test flow and functionality, and to allow the final wording of survey questions to be refined as required.

[nerdyloverperfection]

North America Home Infusion Therapy Market Key Players, Growth, Trends, Share, Opportunities, Forecast 2028

The North America home infusion therapy market is expected to grow from US$ 10,954.08 million in 2022 to US$ 18,112.18 million by 2028. It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.7% from 2022 to 2028

Increasing Incidences of Chronic Disorders Coupled with Rising Geriatric Population is Driving North America Home Infusion Therapy Market

Chronic disorders such as cardiovascular, nutritional, and gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders affect the overall quality of life.

📚 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐃𝐅 𝐂𝐨𝐩𝐲@ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/sample/BMIRE00028375

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 50% of the global population is estimated to suffer from at least one chronic disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that 6 out of 10 people in the US suffered from at least one chronic disease in 2019. According to the “Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study,” a large-scale multinational study published in 2021, ~40% of 73,076 adults surveyed from 33 countries in the world were suffering from a functional gastrointestinal disorder (GFID). Age-related gastrointestinal problems are more common in the elderly population, aged 64 and above.

📚𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 @ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/reports/north-america-home-infusion-therapy-market

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬

B. Braun Melsungen AG

Baxter International Inc

Nipro Corp

Becton Dickinson and Co

Fresenius Kabi AG

ICU Medical Inc

JMS Co Ltd

Eitan Medical Ltd

Terumo Corp

North America Home Infusion Therapy Market Overview: A Deep Dive

The North America home infusion therapy market is a dynamic and expanding sector within the broader healthcare landscape. This market, segmented into the United States, Canada, and Mexico, has witnessed substantial growth, with the US consistently holding the dominant share. This dominance is driven by a confluence of factors, including the presence of established market leaders, their continuous product innovation, a rapidly aging population, and a rising prevalence of chronic diseases and infections.

Market Segmentation and US Dominance:

The North American market's segmentation highlights the distinct characteristics of each country's healthcare system. However, the US stands out as the primary driver of market growth. This is attributable to its well-developed healthcare infrastructure, robust reimbursement mechanisms, and a high adoption rate of advanced medical technologies. The US market benefits from a mature network of home infusion providers, ensuring widespread accessibility and efficient service delivery.

𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐔𝐬:

Business Market Insights is a market research platform that provides subscription service for industry and company reports. Our research team has extensive professional expertise in domains such as Electronics & Semiconductor; Aerospace & Defense; Automotive & Transportation; Energy & Power; Healthcare; Manufacturing & Construction; Food & Beverages; Chemicals & Materials; and Technology, Media, & Telecommunications

𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫’𝐬 𝐁𝐢𝐨:

𝐒𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐢 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐥

𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭

Browse More Reports:

North America Ventilators Market - https://akashgharge.blogspot.com/2025/03/north-america-ventilators-market.html

North America Multi-Cloud Management Market-https://akashgharge.blogspot.com/2025/03/north-america-multi-cloud-management.html

[sobercentre]

According to recent research, about 30-40% of drug-exposed babies (Drug Addiction on Babies) suffer from various problems such as controlling behavior, developmental problems, congenital anomalies, poor mental health, difficulty in concentrating, and fine motor control disorders. Previous research has already concluded that babies born to addicted mother face long term effects drug exposure in addition to limitations in community and environmental health. Here we will discuss the long-term effects of certain drugs on babies. Cocaine Addiction Cocaine exposure affects the babies in the uterus by interacting with serotonin and dopamine pathways that cause neurological changes. Some of these neurological changes persist even during adulthood which causes behavioral problems, while others may resolve before adulthood at some stage. Prenatal exposure to cocaine leads to various diseases that have been proved via clinical trials. These diseases include seizures, schizophrenia, depression, and Parkinson’s disease. Some researchers also suggest the prevalence of cardiac diseases in babies whose mothers' abused cocaine during the pregnancy. Cocaine reduces the blood supply to the fetus causing fetal distress and growth restriction inside the uterus. Heroin Addiction Heroin addiction during pregnancy is associated with cognitive and behavioral problems in addition to the instability of the home environment in babies. According to epidemiological surveys, a small number of children live with their heroin-addicted biological mothers at the age of five years. More than 65% of children whose mothers are addicted to heroin require special education services or additional time to pass a grade. Heroin addiction is also associated with low birth weight, small head circumference, poor memory and thinking, and low IQ levels. However, according to studies, children adopted by non-addicted parents showed significant improvement in developmental and cognitive functions. Babies born to heroin-addicted mothers are often born with an addiction to heroin and suffer the consequences such as adverse and withdrawal effects of heroin throughout their lives. Caffeine and Nicotine Addiction Caffeine intake in adequate amounts is usually safe for both pregnant mothers and babies. However, consumption of more than 300 mg per day is hazardous and increases the risk of heart defects and low birth weight. Smoking is associated with behavioral and mental issues in addition to growth restriction inside the uterus. According to research, there is a significant decrease in the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in babies whose mothers are chronic smokers and did not quit smoking even during pregnancy. Other problems include learning disabilities and anxiety. Alcohol Addiction According to research, a fetus born to an alcoholic mother has a high risk of suffering from Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder includes a combination of disorders associated with alcohol consumption, which include Fetal Alcohol Effects, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Other abnormalities associated with alcohol addiction during pregnancy include bone deformities, low birth weight, small head circumference, cognitive disabilities, and motor problems. References: The developmental outcome of children born to heroin-dependent mothers, raised at home or adopted. Child Abuse & Neglect Alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, and mental disorders. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience