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A social drinker usually drinks alcohol at social events such as parties, social gatherings with family and friends, and workshop events. Social drinking habits vary among different types of events and cultures or traditions. Social drinkers often consume a reasonable quantity of alcohol, but some may consume an extra amount of alcohol, which is not within normal safe limits. Effects of Social Drinking Effects of social drinking differ in people with different health states and alcohol use. Drinkers with health disorders and a high risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) may have trouble if they consume an increased amount of alcohol. However, if a person has less risk of AUD or has no health problems, he/she should not worry much about the amount of alcohol consumption. Social drinking is considered acceptable in different cultures because of the various benefits related to social drinking. Common goals of social drinking include the following: Calm and relax drinkers in social situations and events Improves physical, mental, and emotional health Sharing different experiences with fellow mates regarding alcoholism Source of celebration and enjoyment during different occasions or achievements To get these benefits, alcohol consumption should be done in moderation. Social drinkers should not experience alcohol cravings or use alcohol as self-medication for mental disorders. These problems usually arise due to the consumption of high amounts of alcohol. Blood Alcohol Concentration Blood alcohol level or blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream of a person. To measure BAC a device is used, which is named a breathalyzer. You can measure your BAC after 15-20 minutes of alcohol consumption. The normal BAC level is 0.0, however, 0.08 is considered as intoxicated. If you consume one standard drink in an hour, your BAC level will remain within normal limits. A standard drink is half an ounce of alcohol per hour, which is determined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). If you exceed this limit, your BAC level will rise above normal. Standard Alcohol Drink Social drinkers should not consume alcohol more than the standard amount and keep BAC levels within normal limits, i.e. 0.0. One standard drink of alcohol is equal to one five-ounce glass of wine, or one 12-ounce beer, or one 1.5-ounce shot of distilled spirits. Social alcoholics should stop drinking before the blood level rises above 0.0. The above values are not accurate, but they can give a good idea about the BAC or alcohol intoxication in a person. All these values are derived via conventional wisdom, which may be wrong in some situations. Some people become intoxicated as soon as they consume their first drink of alcohol, while others are not intoxicated even after the consumption of more than the standard amount of alcohol. Safety Measures Regarding Social Alcoholism Do not drink or drive. Once your BAC levels reach above 0.08 because it can lead to accidents or adverse consequences. Above 0.08 BAC, a person is seriously impaired, and a BAC of more than 0.40 proves potentially fatal. If you are driving with a BAC level of 0.08 or above, you will be arrested. In case your BAC level is below 0.08, but you are intoxicated, you will be arrested in this condition as well. Take Away Message Do not drink or drive. Once your BAC levels reach above 0.08 because it can lead to accidents or adverse consequences.

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Substance abuse disorder, or drug addiction, is a potent disease that people cannot just simply wake up and quit (withdrawal), however much they want to transform their lives. People with substance abuse disorder have their bodies accustomed to functioning under the influence of drugs. But once this supply is cut off, nerve cells find it difficult to readjust to functioning without it. This is called physical dependency. Psychological or mental dependency is when the addict believes they need the drug to function. It might be at specific times of the day while engaging in various activities or vaguely all the time. Therefore, quitting drugs at the addiction stage is physically and mentally strenuous. What is substance withdrawal? Also known as detox, it is the set of physiological and mental symptoms a person experiences due to cutting back or quitting drugs cold turkey, after developing a physical and psychological dependency. Drug withdrawal symptoms are usually prevalent within a day or two of discontinued substance abuse. Sometimes, it can take only 8 hours since the last usage for these symptoms to begin. However, the intensity and duration of withdrawal symptoms may vary depending on: The substance being abused. Genetic makeup and family history of the addict. Method of ingestion (e.g., smoking, swallowing, injecting, or inhaling) Period of abuse of the substance. Amount consumed each time. Medical and mental health factors. Level of substance dependency So how can one tell their loved one is suffering from withdrawal? What are the most prevalent symptoms of withdrawal?   Common withdrawal symptoms: 1. Cravings Learning to manage cravings is one of the most challenging parts of quitting. Figuring out what induces them can tremendously help reduce them. 2. Irritability The addict is more than likely to get easily irritated and grumpy over little things. Behavior such as shouting, snapping or sudden mood swings are a clear indication that the individual may be going through withdrawal. 3. Restlessness Increased restlessness over the first few weeks of quitting is expected. This is because the mind and body are lacking the pent-up energy that results from the ‘high’ of drugs. 4. Lack of concentration With the cravings intensifying, it will be nearly impossible for the mind to focus on something else other than what it is lacking. 5. Increased appetite or gaining weight Stress eating may result from the need to engage one’s mouth and hands. Due to this unusual increase in appetite, the body may not burn calories quite as fast. Therefore many people gain weight after quitting drugs. 6. Anxiety or depression There may be anxiety when doing mundane things such as using the elevator, leaving the house, or even crossing the street. In extreme cases, the addict may lose interest in day-to-day activities and eventually fall into depression and even consider suicide. 7. Insomnia Having trouble sleeping may occur during the first few weeks of quitting. If this condition persists without any help, it may spawn into relapse or even anxiety episodes. Other withdrawal symptoms include: Muscle spasms Hypertension Frequent muscle and bone aches Fatigue and sweating Seizures Low sex drive Digestion problems Hallucinations Dehydration Dilated pupils Abdominal cramps Vomiting Paranoia Dementia Some of these symptoms can be severe enough to cause death if left untreated.   What can you do? Provide support When one is on the quest to sobriety, they need ultimate support – even if all you can offer is your presence. Validation is very important as withdrawal tends to be lonely and shameful. While at it, always keep positive energy as a show of confidence that they will make it through.   Advise them to seek professional help Although there are people who’ve gone the cold-turkey approach and made it through, it is very dangerous for substances like opiates, benzos, and alcohol. These drugs are associated with increased risks and intense withdrawal symptoms.

Seeking professional treatment will keep your loved one monitored 24/7 and therefore safe in case of emerging symptoms. Alcohol withdrawal, for instance, can lead to delirium tremens syndrome (DTs) which causes severe seizures and death if not medically managed. In addition, a medical detox program will relieve cravings and other symptoms with the proper medication. They will have access to antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antinausea medication to alleviate these symptoms. Enroll them in inpatient detoxification centers for the first few weeks after quitting. Outpatient care is recommendable once they are out of danger.   Remove any triggering obstacles It is crucial to keep withdrawal patients away from challenges or things likely to trigger craving episodes. This can be a long list from friends who use drugs to objects like ashtrays, passing through a smoking zone, or watching drug abuse-related films. It is essential to keep your loved one away from any temptations.   Provide useful distraction Engage your recovering addict in activities that keep them occupied. You can go for short trips, long walks, take a swim, read magazines, or watch movies that will not predispose them to any potential setbacks.   Prepare them on how to deal with potential setbacks It might be inevitable to control everything in their vicinity. However, it will be beneficial to train a recovering withdrawal patient on how to respond to various circumstances. As an example, you can both do exercises that relieve stress, such as yoga and meditation, enjoy spa treatments and encourage proper nutrition to minimize the risk of relapse. Always keep your boundaries Although this is the most vulnerable period to any recovering addict, keeping solid boundaries is salient in your relationship. Remember, this is the time to adopt coping mechanisms that are adequate for their recovery journey. Therefore, take care not to foster bad habits such as lies, criticism, name-calling, or covering up drug-related activities in the name of recovery. Call out bad habits as they come.   Encourage them to join support groups During the withdrawal window, patients are usually confused and full of anxiety. This is the least opportune time to engage a recovering addict in numerous counseling sessions that will be futile. Normally, a medical detox treatment lasts about 5-10 days. It is after this period that you can encourage your loved one to willingly join support groups or start therapy sessions.   Giveaway message Once you are aware that your loved one or friend is willing to go sober, it is important to familiarize yourself with the effects of the drug in use. This will come in handy in preparing you for the worst and the measures you can take to help them through their withdrawal and life to sobriety. References Withdrawal home based https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310652/ Quitting cold turkey

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So, you’ve had a fun night out with friends, sipping on your favorite drinks, but now you feel a bit bloated. And you pop the million-dollar question – why does my stomach bloat after drinking alcohol? When you sip that delightful cocktail, little do you know that a fermentation party kicks in in your belly. But, worry not, as this post will address how your body processes alcohol, why you get bloated, and what you should do to avoid alcohol bloating. So, grab a coffee and enjoy this informative journey. Understanding alcohol bloating How your digestive system processes alcohol First things first, let’s break down how your body receives alcohol in its system. Once alcohol hits your stomach, a whirlwind of activities kicks off. It is absorbed by the lining of the small intestine into the veins that collect blood from the stomach, transporting it to the liver. The liver then steps up to the plate by releasing two enzymes – alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) – which break down alcohol into metabolites that can be eliminated. Here’s the deal – your liver can only handle so much at a time. Ideally, your liver breaks down alcohol into acetaldehyde at a rate of 0.015 g/ 100 ml/ hour. This makes for reducing your BAC levels by 0.015 per hour. Nothing can speed up this detoxification process. So, when you’re throwing back drinks like there’s no tomorrow, you risk overwhelming your liver. What causes alcohol bloating? Alcohol is a sneaky dehydrator! It is a diuretic. As your liver works its magic, it’s also sending signals to your kidneys to start flushing out excess fluids. Therefore, as you keep on drinking more alcohol without enough water, more fluids are expelled through the renal system leaving you dehydrated. This explains why you’re always running to the restroom more frequently after a round of drinks. But where does the tummy gas come from? Well, alcohol ferments as it gets broken down in your digestive tract. Think of it like having a tiny brewery in your gut. This fermentation frenzy, with the help of the liver enzymes, turns acetaldehyde into acetic acid, which is inactive. It is this crucial process that, if not metabolized completely, causes one to have a hangover. Eventually, the acetic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, hence the bloating. How to reduce alcohol bloating Now that we’ve addressed your mystery question – why does my stomach bloat after drinking alcohol – let’s look at some tips that will help deflate your bloated belly. 1. Hydrate! Hydrate! Hydrate! Drinking plenty of water can not only prevent bloating but also relieve it. Water helps in flushing out toxins from your body. Essentially, when you’re well hydrated, your kidneys have an easier and cleaner job in detoxifying your body leaving no room for accumulation of gases. 2. Drink peppermint tea Peppermint tea isn’t just a breath freshener, it’s also great for soothing an upset stomach and reducing bloating. A warm cup of peppermint tea after a drinking session can ease discomfort and promote digestion. 3. Activated charcoal Yup! Activated charcoal supplements are a lifesaver when it comes to relieving bloating. Studies have shown charcoal, when blended with simethicone, relieves bloating by breaking apart gas bubbles for easier absorption and passing. These little black pills work like a magic eraser for bloating. 4. Fennel seeds Chewing on some fennel seeds or brewing a cup of fennel tea does help alleviate bloating and aid digestion. This relief is attributable to fennel compounds that relax the muscles in the digestive tract, making it easier for gas to pass through and reduce bloating. 5. Light exercise A little exercise goes a long way. It doesn’t have to be anything strenuous but simple movements such as walking or stretching can help stimulate digestion and reduce bloating. Even better, it’s a great distraction from the discomfort you are experiencing and a mood booster after a night of indulgence.

6. Medical interventions While the above interventions are equally effective in relieving alcohol bloating, medications can provide fast relief by targeting excess acid production in the digestive tract. The following medications are not just good for heartburn, they’re also relief champions in alcohol bloating: 1. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) PPIs such as Protonix and Nexium work by reducing the production of stomach acid thereby alleviating bloating. 2. H2 blockers H2 blockers like Pepcid AC by blocking the action of histamine on the cells of the stomach lining. They also significantly reduce acid production and relieve bloating. 3. Antacids As their name suggests, antacids work by neutralizing stomach acid to provide fast relief from bloating and heartburn. How long does alcohol bloating last? Normally, alcohol bloating is just a temporary inconvenience. But there are times when you’re torn between whether the post-party bloat is at par or if it’s lasted longer than it should. Various factors come into play when determining how long a bloat should last. They include: Frequency of alcohol consumption. Amount of alcohol consumed in a session. Individual metabolism. Underlying problems, such as gastritis. Alcohol bloating should last just as long as alcohol stays in your system. So, between a few hours to a day, you should be feeling relieved as your body metabolizes the booze and passes out excess gas. However, if bloating persists for several days or is accompanied by other symptoms such as severe pain, it might be a sign of chronic gastritis. At this point, medical intervention is imperative. When does alcohol bloating need medical attention? Despite the harmless nature of the discomfort, there are times when it’s a sign of an underlying issue. The following conditions of alcohol bloating warrant seeking medical attention: If bloating persists for an extended period or if it’s accompanied by severe pain, vomiting, or fever. If you are alcohol intolerant or allergic, requiring medical management. If you might have combined certain medications with alcohol, leading to unusual symptoms or exacerbated bloating. When it comes to determining if your bloating is normal or lingering too long, your gut instincts are your best guide. If your gut tells you something is off, it is worth paying attention to. Alcoholic gastritis This pesky condition is the inflammation of the stomach lining which can be caused by spicy foods, smoking, stress, and – you guessed right – heavy drinking! Excessive alcohol consumption can irritate and erode the delicate mucous lining of your stomach leading to inflammation – hence its name, alcoholic gastritis. When your stomach is inflamed, it doesn’t function as it should resulting in an uncomfortable fullness and distension. Symptoms of alcoholic gastritis Burning ache in your stomach that gets better or worsens after you eat. Middle upper abdominal pain. Loss of appetite. Nausea and vomiting. Bloating that gets worse as you eat. Hemorrhage in the stomach, which is detected through blood in feces or vomit. Fatigue. Does alcohol bloating contribute to alcohol breath? Here’s the scoop – alcohol bloating and alcohol breath are like two peas in a pod. They go hand in hand. Alcohol slows down digestion, which means the drinks you had hours ago might still be seated in your stomach, releasing distinctive odors through your breath. Additionally, when you have excess gas in your digestive tract, that gas has to escape somehow. So, when you burp, you’re not just releasing bloated air, you’re also expelling alcohol vapors from your tummy. The two make a killer combination of some potent alcohol breath. How to prevent alcohol bloating As the adage goes, prevention is better than cure. Taking proactive steps to prevent alcohol bloating in the first place can save you the discomfort and inconvenience down the road. Below are some hacks that will allow you to sip and socialize with ease, without the worry of a gassy stomach.

1. Hydrate You’ve heard it before, we’ll say it again – hydration is key. Sipping on water between your alcohol shots and drinks helps your body flush out toxins. It’s like giving your body an extra rinse cycle. 2. Choose wisely When it comes to alcoholic beverages, not all have the same composition. A tip from the Young Henrys Head Distiller, Carla Daunton, recommended distilled drinks rather than fermented ones as they are unlikely to cause gas build-up. Also, you’re more likely to sip the spirits slower than you would a beer, hopefully getting a smaller amount of alcohol in your body. Ideally, gin, vodka, and tequila should be your go-to options. But if you’re an avid wine drinker, go for red as it’s low on sugar. Your stomach will thank you for the break! 3. Consider snacking Before diving headfirst into the drinks menu, nibble down some snacks to line your stomach and slow down alcohol absorption. Protein-rich foods such as nuts or cheese help stabilize your blood-sugar levels and prevent bloating. Think of it like building a fortress to protect your belly from alcoholic warfare. 4. Avoid carbonated drinks Stay off fizzy drinks that introduce extra gas in your digestive system, exacerbating bloating and discomfort. Always keep it simple by sticking to non-carbonated options and instead opt for water or herbal tea. Key Takeaway So, there you have it – the lowdown on alcohol bloating and ways of mitigating it. While it may feel like you’re stuck in bloating purgatory, it is just a short-lived inconvenience. At the end of the day, or night, it is crucial to drink responsibly and listen to your body. Remember, your health is worth prioritizing – even if it means saying goodbye to those wild nights of heavy drinking.

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Cocaine is a powerfully addictive and commonly abused drug with several physical and mental side effects. It gives temporary high energy and a euphoric state. There are two ways to clean your body from cocaine. One is the simple cessation of cocaine and the other includes withdrawal in a medical-assisted environment. The first method is dangerous because a person experiences a large number of withdrawal symptoms, and no preventive measures are available to cope with these effects. However, cleansing your body of cocaine in a medically assisted environment can reduce the number of withdrawal symptoms and there are preventive measures and a fully equipped system in case of any emergency condition. Withdrawal Symptoms of Cocaine Cessation: The best way to clean cocaine out of your body system is to do it in a medically assisted environment. Common effects which a person experiences during the withdrawal phase include the following: Shivering Headaches Nausea and vomiting Irritable behavior Tiredness, Fatigue, and Exhaustion Craving for cocaine Sweating Anxiety Depressive symptoms Suicidal thoughts Behavioral and Lifestyle Changes: If you plan to get rid of cocaine in a medically assisted environment, any of the above manifestations can be dealt with and your effort for withdrawal will not go in vain. While trying to clean your body of cocaine, there are some important behavioral and lifestyle changes to keep in mind. These include the following: Eat a healthy and nutritious diet at proper times, regularly. Increase the intake of fluids such as water and fresh juices. Avoid alcohol, smoking, caffeinated drinks, and coffee. Exercise daily. It will keep you active and energetic. Find ways for entertainment and keep yourself busy. Only these steps will put you on a right track to clean your body from cocaine. However, there is a more important thing for cleaning your system out, which includes avoiding cocaine during and after your withdrawal plan. Prescription medications for treating withdrawal symptoms: Withdrawal symptoms are not lessened by following the above behavioral and lifestyle changes. It is due to the fact that withdrawal symptoms are not caused by cocaine, but rather the absence of cocaine causes these symptoms. But once the body is adjusted to the frequent absence of cocaine, it will reduce the frequency of withdrawal symptoms, gradually leading to the total absence of these episodes.   The withdrawal symptoms can be controlled by the use of prescription medications which makes the process easier and more comfortable. These medications not only reduce the symptoms but also reduce failure rates. Duration of Treatment: Another important thing to keep in mind during the withdrawal phase is to stay in a drug-free environment. When there is decreased stimulus from outside, it will decrease the frequency of missteps or occasional cocaine abuse. That is why the experts recommend an inpatient program for cleaning the body system from cocaine. The duration of the program varies on the degree of cocaine dependence. The person severely addicted to the drug will require more time for a successful crackdown. However, one with less dependence and living in a drug-free environment requires less time and may achieve the goal by an outpatient withdrawal program.

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Have you ever been to a party, where the music’s pumping, the dance floor’s hot, you got good company and smooth booze, and bam! You wake up the next morning without remembering how and who got you home. And now you have to play detective to piece together the jigsaw of last night’s events. Welcome to the club of alcohol-induced blackout tales! If this is your experience, we got you covered. This article will prompt the question, “What is a blackout from alcohol?”, unraveling the complexities around alcohol blackouts, its triggers, consequences, and most importantly, how to steer clear of this mental haze. What is a blackout from alcohol? According to the National Institute of Health, alcohol, when consumed in large quantities over a short period, interferes with the brain’s ability to store new information long-term. While previously established long-term memories before the indulgence are left intact, new memories experience partial or complete inconsistencies during the period of drinking. Essentially when one is blacked out, the brain will still process new information but it is unable to form new memories. So you may look fine, move around, and interact with others but lack memory of these events. Blackouts are, therefore, periods of memory loss experienced during alcohol indulgence. They are common among social drinkers. These memory impairments increase as more alcohol is consumed. It is worth noting that blackouts can progress to passing out. While the two are often confused, a passed-out individual is unresponsive and inactive. Loss of consciousness is a more severe level of impairment that may suggest a possible alcohol overdose. Whereas with a blackout, the individual remains conscious and responsive. Types of alcohol blackouts Not all alcohol blackouts are the same. Different individuals tell of different experiences depending on the severity of the amnesia. There are two forms of alcohol-induced blackouts: 1.    En-block blackout Also known as a complete blackout, it is a total memory loss of the events following a drinking spree. It occurs when the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reaches 0.16 or higher. The memory loss cannot be recovered under any circumstances. 2.    Fragmentary blackout This is partial memory loss that occurs following a binge-drinking session. Fragments of memory may be remembered upon encountering certain cues associated with activities undertaken during the blackout. Fragmentary blackouts are prevalent when BAC levels are as low as 0.14 (14%). Who is most prone to alcohol blackouts? Blackouts can occur in individuals of any age and of any drinking experience level. The common factor is heavy alcohol consumption over a short period. Nonetheless, reports suggest that middle-aged males struggling with alcoholism are at a higher risk of blacking out. Researchers have also linked blackout frequencies to college drinkers. 75% of college students are active drinkers and more tend to go on a drinking spree at least once a week. There are potential risk factors associated with the prevalence of an alcohol blackout. Read on to understand what predisposes you to a blackout from alcohol. What causes alcohol blackouts? Tolerance levels Individuals with lower tolerance levels, who are potentially of lesser drinking experience, are more susceptible to blackouts when consuming larger amounts of alcohol. Age Studies have shown that younger drinkers, especially of adolescent age, have a lower tolerance level than their older counterparts. Their developing brains may be more vulnerable to the cognitive effects of alcohol increasing their susceptibility to blackouts. Binge drinking Binge drinking refers to consuming significant amounts of alcohol within a short period, that is, 5 or more drinks on a go for a man and 4 or more drinks for a woman. This increases the risk of blackouts across different age groups and experience levels. Binge drinking overwhelms the body’s ability to process alcohol. Usually,

a blackout would last as long as your body would take to burn the alcohol in the bloodstream. Once this happens, the brain can start forming memories again. This explains why most people recover from blackouts after sleeping, it allows the body to process the alcohol. Signs and symptoms of an alcohol blackout Memory lapse:- The inability to account for or remember specific details, conversations, or activities that occurred during a period of alcohol indulgence is a clear indication of a blackout. Fragmented recall:- When you experience flashes of a night’s or day’s events, where some aspects are still foggy or entirely missing, then you most certainly had a blackout. Confusion:- Feeling confused or disoriented about what transpired during the blackout period. Inconsistencies in what transpired:- More often than not, your friend’s account of what transpired during the blackout period may not match your recollection, especially when experiencing memory flashes. Impaired coordination:- Most alcohol-induced blackouts are preceded by impaired motor skills, staggering, or slurred speech, indicating a higher level of intoxication that exceeds BAC 0.14. Recklessness:- Risky behaviors such as unprotected sex, driving under the influence, aggression, and violence may be a result of impaired judgment from excessive alcohol consumption. This loss of inhibitions indicates an interplay of neurobiological and psychological factors, where an individual acts in ways they typically would not. Emotional distress:- An individual may experience anxiety or nervousness upon the realization of memory gaps or the consequences of the actions preceding or during a blackout. Hangover-like symptoms:- Headaches, dizziness, or nausea after the experience may serve as a reminder of heavy alcohol consumption. Effects of excessive drinking and alcohol blackouts Excessive drinking, which leads to blackouts, can have a range of adverse effects on the physical, mental, and social well-being of a person. Understanding the related consequences of alcohol-induced blackouts will help you or your loved ones make informed choices and seek medical help when needed. Below are the effects associated with excessive drinking and alcohol-induced blackouts: Health risks Heavy drinking, which is consuming 8 or more drinks for a woman and 15 or more drinks for a man, can lead to irreversible liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, and fatty liver. It is also linked to cardiovascular issues such as high blood pressure, irregular and elevated heart rate, and heart diseases. Alcohol suppresses the immune system, increasing an individual’s susceptibility to infections. Cognitive impairment Excessive drinking leads to impaired judgment, prompting poor decisions and risky behaviors during a blackout episode. Increased likelihood of injuries Blackouts increase the risk of accidents, injuries, or falls, putting your safety and those around you in jeopardy. This is as a result of impaired judgment and coordination. Emotional and mental health issues Excessive alcohol consumption can exacerbate pre-existing mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Due to the impulsivity experienced during the blackout, an individual may portray suicidal behaviors. Relationship strain Frequent blackouts and erratic behavior can put a strain on one’s personal and social relationships. Friends may begin withdrawing from enjoying social activities with their counterparts who drink without limits. An individual might also self-isolate due to the impact of alcohol on their social behavior. Financial strain Heavy drinking leads to a waste of finances on booze, medical fees, and legal fees. The latter is often due to the legal consequences of driving under the influence, accruing legal fines, license suspension, and potential imprisonment. Loss of employment As one indulges more in alcohol, their lifestyle may affect their job performance and jeopardize their employment.

Dependence and addiction Regular heavy drinking creates alcohol dependency which, if left untreated, may develop into addiction. Reduced life expectancy As one experiences subsequent blackouts from alcohol indulgence, they reduce their quality of life by predisposing their bodies to health issues. This ultimately reduces their life expectancy. How to prevent alcohol blackouts Stay hydrated Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it increases urine production which can contribute to dehydration. Overindulgence can exacerbate this dehydration, causing headaches, fatigue, and discomfort. It is, therefore, recommended to alternate alcohol with water to slow down its absorption into the bloodstream, reducing the risk of a blackout. Proper nutrition Taking a meal before drinking also slows down the rate of alcohol absorption into the bloodstream. The food in the stomach acts as a buffer, reducing the impact of alcohol on the body. Drink responsibly Responsible drinking involves setting a predetermined limit on the number of drinks your body can handle without losing cognitive function. Avoid binge drinking at all costs and space out your drinks with water instead. This will ensure you not only pace yourself but also drink moderately to reduce the risk of a blackout. It is also indicative that you understand your tolerance levels. Avoid mixing alcohol with other substances Mixing alcohol with medication or other drugs can lead to the multiplier effect, a condition that can have dangerous health consequences and total blackouts. In case you’re taking any medications, it is imperative to know their potential interactions with alcohol before drinking as some can amplify the effects of alcohol. Choose lower alcohol content beverages Some drinks such as distilled spirits (rum, gin, whiskey, vodka) have a higher alcohol by volume (ABV) content than beers and wine. Therefore, more alcohol will be absorbed into the bloodstream increasing the risk of blackouts. Lower ABV beverages reduce the overall alcohol intake during a drinking session. Take away Overall, being mindful of your alcohol intake can contribute to a safer and healthier drinking experience. Now that we’ve demystified alcohol blackouts and understood the science behind the question “What is a blackout from alcohol?”, you can make informed and safer choices. However, it is worth noting that while blackouts may seem like a temporary lapse in memory, they may indicate potential risks to bigger physical and mental complications. If your frequent blackouts or alcohol consumption have raised an issue of concern, it is advisable to seek guidance from a healthcare professional promptly.

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Alcoholism or Alcohol use disorder is a medical condition characterized with the inability to control alcohol consumption regardless of its negative social, professional, or health effects. If your partner drinks to the extent that you’re wondering, "Is my boyfriend an alcoholic?" there's a high probability they have an alcohol use disorder. This means they have a problem with alcohol that's likely to continue. These problems might not be noticeable at first, but if you keep seeing your boyfriend display dysfunctional behaviors related to alcohol, it's likely they’re struggling and you should, therefore, talk to them about it and also consult a doctor. The alcohol dependence behaviors your boyfriend may manifest include: Drinking more than he usually does. He may become argumentative or violent when he has had too much to drink. Spending a lot of money on alcohol. Not being able to stop drinking even when they're feeling sick or injured Displaying other signs of addiction. If you're concerned about a loved one's alcohol use, it's important to talk to with empathy, putting in mind that this is a sensitive topic for them. Signs that your boyfriend is an alcoholic Socializing around alcohol If your partner prefers to keep the company of other drinkers and also spends a lot of time with them, it can be a sign that the person has an alcohol problem. They might not want to spend time with people who don't drink, or they might only want to go to events where alcohol is present. Your boyfriend may be struggling with alcohol if after accompanying you to one social function or another, he routinely recommends going to a bar afterward. Drinking to release stress As a depressant, alcohol slows down your brain and makes you feel calm and relaxed. Your partner may be a victim of alcohol use disorder if he invariably resorts to alcohol to help him feel better. High alcohol tolerance If you notice that your partner doesn’t seem drunk until he has had a lot to drink, then he has developed alcohol tolerance. If the condition is not addressed, he would need to drink more and more to get to the same high. Out-of-character behavior When people drink, they often act differently than usual. For example, if your boyfriend is usually quiet, he might start swearing or being loud. Or, he may start displaying his emotions though he rarely does so. Such changes in behavior may be an indication that your boyfriend is developing alcohol dependency. Temper tantrums Another early sign that your boyfriend may be developing alcohol disorder is throwing temper tantrums and becoming impatient when its alcohol o’clock. Anger and violence, if not addressed, can affect his relationship with others. Unable to control alcohol use You may have noticed that your partner often drinks even though he doesn't want to; he may say he'll only have one or two drinks, but often winds up drinking more. It may be because he is with others who are doing the same, but it’s a sure sign that he is becoming dependent on alcohol. Drinking any type of alcohol Most people drink a few favored brands of alcohol. However, if your partner has alcohol addiction, he will drink any type of alcohol he can find. Not discriminating between brands is a clear indication that his drinking is a problem. Causes of Alcohol Use Disorder There are different kinds of risk factors that can increase your chances of developing an alcohol use disorder. Some of these factors are psychological, including stress and anxiety; environmental, like living in a poor or dangerous neighborhood; they could be biological, like a family history of alcoholism. Though it’s not always easy to become addicted to alcohol, the following factors should be considered: Family history Research shows that alcoholism is a genetic disease. Genes are an important factor in how likely one is to have alcohol problems, but so is their environment. Their parents’ drinking habits may also play a part in their own risk for alcohol problems.

Consider looking into your boyfriend’s family history immediately you notice a pattern. Mental health issues Mental health issues and a background of trauma are both very common and often go along with alcohol abuse. People with a history of childhood trauma are especially likely to develop alcohol abuse disorder. They often drink when they are trying to manage PTSD. Social and peer groups Some people are more likely to develop an alcohol abuse problem if they have friends, partners, coworkers, parents, or other family members who often drink. There’s an old street saying that goes “if five of your friends are alcoholics, you will be the sixth.” Stress Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it relaxes the central nervous system. Therefore, some people use alcohol to cope with stressful or challenging emotions, such as anger, frustration, loneliness, or anxiety. Alcohol makes them feel less anxious and more relaxed but drinking often may lead to alcohol tolerance and further develop into full blown addiction. Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder Drinking can lead to a variety of effects. For example, a person could lose their job, go bankrupt, get in trouble with the law, have their driver's license revoked, or even lose friends and family. Most people with alcohol abuse disorder (AUD) can't stop drinking even if they want to. Alcohol also makes it harder for people to focus on their everyday responsibilities. For example, neglecting to pay kid’s tuition fees but still be able to buy alcohol. This might put a couple in a constrained financial position and eventually destroy their relationship. Most importantly, alcohol can damage organs in the body and make you more susceptible to illness and even death. Excessive alcohol consumption leads to chronic diseases such as: Stroke Liver disease Heart disease High blood pressure Early on-set of Dementia Weak immune system Cancer Getting Help If your boyfriend or loved ones are suffering from alcohol use disorder, you need to help them find appropriate treatment from the wide variety of options available.

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Are you a parent to a kid struggling with drug addiction? Do you sometimes feel like you are at a dead end when you see your child losing himself in front of your eyes? Drug addiction is a challenging and complex issue that affects not only the individual struggling with substance abuse but also their entire support system, including family and friends. And when it comes to sons, parents often feel more helpless, primarily because of the nature of young boys. They don't understand the gravity of the situation, wouldn't let you help them, and wouldn't focus on themselves either. It is very natural for one to feel hopeless for their drug-addicted son, but if you've encountered any such situation, there's a lot you can do to help your son pave his way out of drug addiction. Today's blog post is focused on telling you a few of the many ways you can help your drug-addicted son. Come, let's help your son get back to life. 1.    Get Back to Learning If your son is struggling with drug addiction, you need to educate yourself about the adversity of the matter (and no, you don't already know everything). Now, this doesn't mean you get back to school or do a course; that'll take way too long. Educating yourself on drug addiction includes everything like basic information about drug addiction, how your drug-addicted son must have developed it, how far your son has gone, what are his symptoms, what are the recent developments in this area of study, and the possible treatment options, along with the estimated costs for each. Remember, knowledge and information are your biggest weapons when fighting drug addictions, the more advanced your weapons, the more your chances of winning. 2.    Try to Understand Your Son's Position The last thing your son wants you to be at this time is to be judgemental. Young people, especially teens and teen boys, to be more specific, fall in and out of drug addiction very quickly. And if you yell at your drug-addicted son in this condition, you'll only worsen the situation. Try to understand that what happened is not your son's fault. Let bygones be bygones and focus on how you can save your son's future. Your son needs your love and support more than ever now, and you must not let your rage win this time. 3.    Narrate Them Success Stories Motivation wasn't important until your son graduated. A person needs motivation from time to time in his life, and drug addicts need it more than ever because most of them have lost their will to live. A dose of motivation at this time can certainly help a lot more than you think, so narrate some drug rehab success stories to them and let them know that where there is a will, there is a way. Tell your drug-addicted son how famous celebs like Demi Lovato, Adele, Robert Downie Jr, Daniel Radcliffe, and Taylor Swift overcame their addiction even when they thought life was over for them. And look at them now; they're rich, famous, happy, and most importantly, healed. 4.    Find Similar People Kids these days relate to celebrities a lot, but if your son is not one of them, there's another thing you can do. Look for people around you who were once struggling with drug addiction but are now sane and sound. You can find these people online, too, but it's better if they are located somewhere around you so that you can get your son to meet them in person. Talking out about his feelings and thoughts with a like-minded person may be easier for your drug-addicted son, and he can also learn from the other person's experience. Support groups for drug rehabilitation are also a recommended option for addicts so that they get out of their self-established boundaries and heal better. 5.    Promote Healthy Life Choices Remember how when your son was just a kid, you wouldn't let him eat too many candies or get too much screen time and pull him out of his bed for school even when he said no? You're his parents, and you knew you could. Well, you still can, and you must pull your son towards healthy changes by hook or by crook.

Encourage your drug-addicted son to get some new and productive hobbies, go out for a walk in nature, make new friends, or get some exercise; the list is endless. He just needs to start somewhere, no matter how small the step is. 6.    Don't Get Fooled Another important thing here is that sons can make a fool out of their parents very easily (don't jump to conclusions yet; hear us out). If your son is of age, he can earn for himself, and he must do so. You might want to help your drug-addicted son financially just because he is struggling, but this will only add to his misery because he wouldn't be worried about where he is going to get his necessities from. Don't let your love blind you and put some responsibility on your son; this is for his own betterment. 7.    Stay Firm Now, this is a bitter truth, but getting rid of drug addiction is tiring. Your drug-addicted son will want to drop out of his treatment, and there might be multiple relapses. He will refuse to see the truth and might as well blame you for his condition sometimes. What do you do in such times? You stay firm, and you don't give up. This is the least you can do as a parent. 8.    Set Healthy Boundaries (Drug-Addicted Son) While it's important to offer support, setting clear and healthy boundaries is equally essential. No matter how much you love your son, you must admit that you have a life of your own. Sooner or later, your drug-addicted son must take responsibility for his actions. So, set clear boundaries, clearly state to your son what is acceptable and what is not, and keep him accountable if you want your son to live a good life. Hang On There! When any of one's children is undergoing such a rough phase in their life, it's not easy for parents to just sit and watch. But the responsibilities of the parents of a drug-addicted son increase because you are going to motivate him, you will provide him the love he needs, and you will bring him back to life. You must always be there for them, even when they don't want you around and keep pushing you away. If you feel like the road to rehabilitation is way too bumpy, well, this is life, and in life, nothing comes easy. Only if you and your son hang in there for a little longer this dark chapter of your life called drug addiction will be over faster than you know. And after every storm, the sun shines bright.

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Alcoholism or Alcohol use disorder is a medical condition characterized with the inability to control alcohol consumption regardless of its negative social, professional, or health effects. If your partner drinks to the extent that you’re wondering, "Is my boyfriend an alcoholic?" there's a high probability they have an alcohol use disorder. This means they have a problem with alcohol that's likely to continue. These problems might not be noticeable at first, but if you keep seeing your boyfriend display dysfunctional behaviors related to alcohol, it's likely they’re struggling and you should, therefore, talk to them about it and also consult a doctor. The alcohol dependence behaviors your boyfriend may manifest include: Drinking more than he usually does. He may become argumentative or violent when he has had too much to drink. Spending a lot of money on alcohol. Not being able to stop drinking even when they're feeling sick or injured Displaying other signs of addiction. If you're concerned about a loved one's alcohol use, it's important to talk to with empathy, putting in mind that this is a sensitive topic for them. Signs that your boyfriend is an alcoholic Socializing around alcohol If your partner prefers to keep the company of other drinkers and also spends a lot of time with them, it can be a sign that the person has an alcohol problem. They might not want to spend time with people who don't drink, or they might only want to go to events where alcohol is present. Your boyfriend may be struggling with alcohol if after accompanying you to one social function or another, he routinely recommends going to a bar afterward. Drinking to release stress As a depressant, alcohol slows down your brain and makes you feel calm and relaxed. Your partner may be a victim of alcohol use disorder if he invariably resorts to alcohol to help him feel better. High alcohol tolerance If you notice that your partner doesn’t seem drunk until he has had a lot to drink, then he has developed alcohol tolerance. If the condition is not addressed, he would need to drink more and more to get to the same high. Out-of-character behavior When people drink, they often act differently than usual. For example, if your boyfriend is usually quiet, he might start swearing or being loud. Or, he may start displaying his emotions though he rarely does so. Such changes in behavior may be an indication that your boyfriend is developing alcohol dependency. Temper tantrums Another early sign that your boyfriend may be developing alcohol disorder is throwing temper tantrums and becoming impatient when its alcohol o’clock. Anger and violence, if not addressed, can affect his relationship with others. Unable to control alcohol use You may have noticed that your partner often drinks even though he doesn't want to; he may say he'll only have one or two drinks, but often winds up drinking more. It may be because he is with others who are doing the same, but it’s a sure sign that he is becoming dependent on alcohol. Drinking any type of alcohol Most people drink a few favored brands of alcohol. However, if your partner has alcohol addiction, he will drink any type of alcohol he can find. Not discriminating between brands is a clear indication that his drinking is a problem. Causes of Alcohol Use Disorder There are different kinds of risk factors that can increase your chances of developing an alcohol use disorder. Some of these factors are psychological, including stress and anxiety; environmental, like living in a poor or dangerous neighborhood; they could be biological, like a family history of alcoholism. Though it’s not always easy to become addicted to alcohol, the following factors should be considered: Family history Research shows that alcoholism is a genetic disease. Genes are an important factor in how likely one is to have alcohol problems, but so is their environment. Their parents’ drinking habits may also play a part in their own risk for alcohol problems.

Consider looking into your boyfriend’s family history immediately you notice a pattern. Mental health issues Mental health issues and a background of trauma are both very common and often go along with alcohol abuse. People with a history of childhood trauma are especially likely to develop alcohol abuse disorder. They often drink when they are trying to manage PTSD. Social and peer groups Some people are more likely to develop an alcohol abuse problem if they have friends, partners, coworkers, parents, or other family members who often drink. There’s an old street saying that goes “if five of your friends are alcoholics, you will be the sixth.” Stress Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it relaxes the central nervous system. Therefore, some people use alcohol to cope with stressful or challenging emotions, such as anger, frustration, loneliness, or anxiety. Alcohol makes them feel less anxious and more relaxed but drinking often may lead to alcohol tolerance and further develop into full blown addiction. Effects of Alcohol Use Disorder Drinking can lead to a variety of effects. For example, a person could lose their job, go bankrupt, get in trouble with the law, have their driver's license revoked, or even lose friends and family. Most people with alcohol abuse disorder (AUD) can't stop drinking even if they want to. Alcohol also makes it harder for people to focus on their everyday responsibilities. For example, neglecting to pay kid’s tuition fees but still be able to buy alcohol. This might put a couple in a constrained financial position and eventually destroy their relationship. Most importantly, alcohol can damage organs in the body and make you more susceptible to illness and even death. Excessive alcohol consumption leads to chronic diseases such as: Stroke Liver disease Heart disease High blood pressure Early on-set of Dementia Weak immune system Cancer Getting Help If your boyfriend or loved ones are suffering from alcohol use disorder, you need to help them find appropriate treatment from the wide variety of options available.

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Have you ever raised a glass to celebrate but found that one glass turned into two and two into, well, more than you intended? According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), almost 15 million adults in the United States have alcohol use disorder (AUD). If you or someone you know is trying to break free from the grips of alcohol addiction, you've likely encountered a sobering challenge called alcohol withdrawal. Fear not; this article is going to guide you in exploring different ways to help alcohol withdrawal naturally and with compassion. But first, let's see what alcohol withdrawal is. What is Alcohol Withdrawal, and Why Does it Happen? When you start consuming alcohol consistently, your body adjusts to its presence. And so, if you suddenly stop or significantly reduce your alcohol intake, your body can react with various symptoms. This state is called alcohol withdrawal, and it is like your body's way of saying, "Hey, where's my usual fix?" There are many faces of alcohol withdrawal, and signs can vary widely in intensity, from mild to severe. They may include: Anxiety: Feeling on edge, restless, or worried. Insomnia: Trouble sleeping or staying asleep. Nausea: Feeling queasy or even vomiting. Sweating: Excessive perspiration, often accompanied by clammy skin. Tremors: Shaky hands and sometimes a whole-body shake. Hallucinations: Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that aren't there. Seizures: In severe cases, seizures can occur. 10 Natural Ways You Can Navigate Alcohol Withdrawal Let's explore some natural methods to help you or your loved one safely manage alcohol withdrawal. But before diving into natural remedies, consulting a healthcare professional is crucial. Your first line of defense should always be those experienced, especially if you're experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms. They can evaluate your situation and provide guidance on the safest path forward. Now, let's get started with the remedies. 1. Stay Hydrated A study printed in the "Journal of Clinical Medicine" revealed that maintaining adequate hydration can lessen the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Hydration is the key during alcohol withdrawal, as alcohol can dehydrate your body, and proper fluid intake can help you alleviate some symptoms. P.S. How much water have you had today? 2. Fuel Your Recovery with the Right Nutrition Are you getting a balanced diet? Eating well can make a world of difference during your withdrawal journey, so you should focus on nutrient-rich foods that are equipped with essential vitamins and minerals. If you're always craving alcohol, eat these foods, as they can help you curb your alcohol cravings. Lean proteins Nuts and seeds Leafy green vegetables Dairy Whole grains 3. Get the Soothing Touch of Herbals Herbs are widely known for their calming and detoxifying properties. So, we urge you to strongly consider incorporating them into your daily routine. Here are a few herbs you can begin with: Chamomile: Known for its calming properties, chamomile tea can help ease anxiety. Valerian Root: Often used as a natural sedative, it can aid you in getting better sleep. Kudzu Root: Some studies suggest it can reduce your alcohol cravings. 4. Perform Mindful Meditation A meta-analysis published in "JAMA Internal Medicine" found that mindfulness meditation programs can improve anxiety, depression, and pain. Mindfulness meditation can be a potent tool to help you manage your anxiety and stress during your withdrawal journey, as it will help you relax. 5. Exercise Regularly When you immerse in exercise, your brain releases endorphins, which can help you make your mood better and reduce anxiety. Even a short walk can do wonders, so here are some exercise options you can try today: Cardio: Get your heart pumping with activities like jogging, swimming, or dancing. Yoga and Meditation: Helps release stress and promotes mindfulness. Strength Training: Helps build physical and mental resilience.

6. Get Enough Sleep Did you know that up to 25% of people who go through severe alcohol withdrawal may experience delirium tremens? If you don't want to be one of them, focus on your recovery, and to help you recover quickly, focus on sleep quality. Alcohol withdrawal can mess up your sleep patterns, so establish a bedtime routine. You can also try to make a comfortable sleep environment and try relaxation techniques like deep breathing to get sound sleep. 7. Avoid Caffeine and Sugar Do you know how caffeine and sugar can mess with your blood sugar levels and worsen your anxiety? Caffeine and sugar affect your central nervous system, so people who are trying to get rid of an emotional dependency like alcohol withdrawal can experience symptoms like irritability, nervousness, and anxiety. So, always opt for decaffeinated drinks and swap sugary snacks for healthier options. 8. Stay Busy and Distracted Boredom can be a trigger for your cravings, so try to engage yourself in different hobbies all the time. Learn something new to keep your mind occupied, and if you experience symptoms like severe tremors or hallucinations, seek immediate medical attention. 9. Lean on Your Loved Ones They say love can heal everything, so you should never underestimate the healing power of a supportive network. Try to share your journey with friends and family who understand and want to help you. You should also consider joining support groups where there are people with similar cases; it will help build your morale. 10. Patience and Self-Compassion Last, but not least, you need to learn to stand up for yourself. Recovery is a journey, not a sprint, so celebrate your victories, no matter how small they may seem. And on the tough days, remember that setbacks happen to the best of us. Don't beat yourself up; it's all part of the process. Key Takeaway We understand that alcohol withdrawal is no walk in the park, but you don't have to face it alone. Nature has provided us with a toolbox filled with remedies to ease your journey. From staying hydrated to embracing a balanced diet, exercising, and seeking emotional support, these natural methods can be your allies in this battle. Remember, it's not about how fast you get there; it's about staying the course and emerging on the other side as a stronger, healthier you. You've got this!

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Fame carries along a thrill that most people would yarn for, a stroke of the ego that gives you that ‘on top of the world’ feeling. Yes, it does have its perks, such as adoration, attention, wealth, special treatment, doors to new opportunities, and confidence but all these come at a price (substance abuse). Most celebrities today would trade their spotlight for just a day as an average middle-class person, the mundane life. This is because once the spotlight is on, it never leaves; fame comes at the expense of your privacy due to public scrutiny. The constant pressure of perfection develops gradually and before you know it, you lose the simple pleasures of life like going for an uninterrupted stroll, shopping at the mall, quiet family dinners at a fancy restaurant or something as mundane as reading your favorite book at a park becomes a nightmare – well unless you own the park. More often than not, you are either ditching the paparazzi, denouncing a rumor on the tabloids, or even filing for a restraining order against a stalker. You also get to notice the fake friends that always tag along with you. Seen the pattern yet? This kind of lifestyle tends to take a toll on an individual and provoke them to seek a coping mechanism. A window that has led many high-profile individuals, especially in the art and entertainment industries, into substance abuse and addiction. This is evidenced by a Study published in 2016 on Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy which confirmed there have been about 300 substance abuse-related celebrity deaths recorded between 1970 and 2015. Of this number, 38.6% were musicians, 23.2% were actors, and the remaining shared between artists from other fields and writers. Moreover, numerous artists have come out and confessed their battle with addiction and alcoholism over the years. From Robert Downey Jr. alias Iron Man to Demi Lovato, Bradley Cooper, Drew Barrymore, Ben Affleck, Keith Urban, and Amber Valletta, the list is endless. On that note, this article will look into Zac Efron drug addiction. Zac Efron’s confession about alcohol and cocaine addiction It was only a few years ago that Zachery David Alexander Efron, a mainstream television star publicly opened up about his battle with alcoholism and cocaine addiction. The now 35-year-old American actor had his television debut in the early 2000s in a show called Firefly which earned him a leading role in the High School Musicals as Troy Bolton; a position which rose him to fame and opportunities. Efron has featured in Hairspray which premiered in 2007, 17 Again (2009), New Year’s Eve (2011), The Lucky One (2012), and swiftly transitioned into leading adult roles such as in the Neighbors (2014), Dirty Grandpa (2016) and much more – including a Netflix documentary titled Down To Earth With Zac Efron which won him the Daytime Emmy Award. When did addiction begin? With such an accomplished acting career, Efron disclosed the pressure it put on his life – balancing between his 16-hour-a-day work schedule, media intrusion, and his personal life. It was all too much. “I had done films back-to-back-to-back. I was burned out. Something was lacking; some sort of hole that I couldn’t really fill up. I was just so deep into my work; it was really the only thing I had.” ~ Efron told a Hollywood reporter in an interview. He was constantly stressed out and sought comfort in alcohol and drugs. In addition, Efron was in fear of being in the public eye which made him give up some of his hobbies too. This way, he was left isolated and could hardly notice his growing cocaine addiction and alcoholism which led him to implicitly take some time out for treatment in 2013, after which he disclosed was in rehab. He further expounded, “I mean, you’re in your 20s, single, going through life in Hollywood, “ added Efron, “everything is thrown at you. I wouldn’t take anything back. I needed to learn everything I did.” He further narrated how he would Google his name to see what others’ perceptions of him were.

After his confession, Efron felt a weight lift off his chest because no matter how hard he tried to hide his addiction, the truth always catches up and he decided to face it head-on. How did Efron recover? Addiction recovery is a progressive journey that continues way after rehab. Zac Efron developed a structure of life through his recovery journey. As he puts it, “What I found is structure that led me to a balance of opposites. You get out of life what you put in.” He joined the Alcoholics Anonymous group which helped him through his new life of purpose and even embarked on surfing and skateboarding – his hobbies. Course of action Efron was not the first, and neither will he be the last of his kind to fall into the trap of drug abuse and addiction. However, all is not lost. From the many elite figures who’ve spoken up, their confessions can be used to sensitize the upcoming generation on matters of fame and drug addiction. If at all anything can be done to help new famous personalities get some skin in the game, it would be to raise awareness and adapt coping mechanisms to help deal with stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and emotions. Therapy can also go a long way to ease the transformation process. Self-monitoring would keep one alert to their social habits and note a potential problem slowly unfolding. Further expound on the stages of alcoholism to know when you, or a loved one, needs professional help. Whether a diagnosed addict or not, enroll in an AA meeting to meet like-minded individuals and personalities who have been down the road of addiction and recovery. It always helps to know you are not alone and others have succeeded in fighting this disease. Lastly, always practice self-care. At the end of a busy day, take some time off to eat a nutritious meal, relax, meditate and take care of yourself.

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Cocaine is a powerfully addictive and commonly abused drug with several physical and mental side effects. It gives temporary high energy and a euphoric state. There are two ways to clean your body from cocaine. One is the simple cessation of cocaine and the other includes withdrawal in a medical-assisted environment. The first method is dangerous because a person experiences a large number of withdrawal symptoms, and no preventive measures are available to cope with these effects. However, cleansing your body of cocaine in a medically assisted environment can reduce the number of withdrawal symptoms and there are preventive measures and a fully equipped system in case of any emergency condition. Withdrawal Symptoms of Cocaine Cessation: The best way to clean cocaine out of your body system is to do it in a medically assisted environment. Common effects which a person experiences during the withdrawal phase include the following: Shivering Headaches Nausea and vomiting Irritable behavior Tiredness, Fatigue, and Exhaustion Craving for cocaine Sweating Anxiety Depressive symptoms Suicidal thoughts Behavioral and Lifestyle Changes: If you plan to get rid of cocaine in a medically assisted environment, any of the above manifestations can be dealt with and your effort for withdrawal will not go in vain. While trying to clean your body of cocaine, there are some important behavioral and lifestyle changes to keep in mind. These include the following: Eat a healthy and nutritious diet at proper times, regularly. Increase the intake of fluids such as water and fresh juices. Avoid alcohol, smoking, caffeinated drinks, and coffee. Exercise daily. It will keep you active and energetic. Find ways for entertainment and keep yourself busy. Only these steps will put you on a right track to clean your body from cocaine. However, there is a more important thing for cleaning your system out, which includes avoiding cocaine during and after your withdrawal plan. Prescription medications for treating withdrawal symptoms: Withdrawal symptoms are not lessened by following the above behavioral and lifestyle changes. It is due to the fact that withdrawal symptoms are not caused by cocaine, but rather the absence of cocaine causes these symptoms. But once the body is adjusted to the frequent absence of cocaine, it will reduce the frequency of withdrawal symptoms, gradually leading to the total absence of these episodes.   The withdrawal symptoms can be controlled by the use of prescription medications which makes the process easier and more comfortable. These medications not only reduce the symptoms but also reduce failure rates. Duration of Treatment: Another important thing to keep in mind during the withdrawal phase is to stay in a drug-free environment. When there is decreased stimulus from outside, it will decrease the frequency of missteps or occasional cocaine abuse. That is why the experts recommend an inpatient program for cleaning the body system from cocaine. The duration of the program varies on the degree of cocaine dependence. The person severely addicted to the drug will require more time for a successful crackdown. However, one with less dependence and living in a drug-free environment requires less time and may achieve the goal by an outpatient withdrawal program.

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Also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, RLS is a neurological condition that induces the intolerable urge to move one’s limbs to alleviate pain or uncomfortable sensations. Despite its name, RLS does not only occur in the legs and feet but its effects can also be felt in the arms, head, and torso. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders, RLS is most prevalent at night when the body is at rest or late afternoon and evening. Sitting for extended periods can also trigger Restless Legs Syndrome. Who is prone to restless legs? RLS can manifest in all kinds of people; men, women, and children alike. It can also begin at any age.  However, statistics reveal that it is endemic in middle-aged or older individuals and women more than men. What causes restless legs syndrome? Before listing possible triggers for RLS, it is paramount to note that RLS has a genetic component which means the disorder can be passed from one generation to the next. This further leads us to establish the two types of RLS: Idiopathic RLS This kind has no known cause or cure. It is also referred to as primary RLS. Secondary RLS It is the kind that is triggered by the individual’s external environment. For instance, it may occur as a side effect of medications, or drug withdrawal, among others. Besides sitting for long hours, other proven scientific triggers for RLS include: Iron deficiency Low levels of iron in the blood and spinal fluid can induce RLS. Studies conducted on individuals suffering from RLS, through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), reveal a lower iron content in the brain compared to healthy individuals without the disorder. This section of the brain is known as substantia nigra. Low levels of dopamine Dopamine is a neurotransmitter hormone used in the brain to control muscle activity and motor skills. When this chemical is deficient, RLS symptoms may manifest. Therefore, it is not uncommon for patients with Parkinson’s disease to experience symptoms of RLS Kidney disease Research shows that about 6 to 62% of individuals with chronic kidney disease also suffer from Willis-Ekbom disease. Although the trigger, in this case, is ambiguous, scientists have related this to anemia playing a major role. Pregnancy Restless legs during pregnancy may be triggered by hormonal imbalance. Studies show that there is a 10-30% chance of pregnant women experiencing restless legs episodes. Nevertheless, not all restless legs episodes develop into a disorder and such may fade 4 weeks after giving birth. Opiate withdrawal Opioids, such as oxycodone, methadone, fentanyl, and tramadol can be used as pain medication. However, when abused the body develops an opioid dependence which causes RLS if not fulfilled. Because these drugs relax the body, their withdrawal will induce an opposite effect; the same way an alcoholic would develop restlessness once their dependence is not fed. Read on to know what helps with restless legs from opiate withdrawal. Opiate withdrawal Withdrawal symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence and duration of abuse, among other factors. Like any other drug addiction, it can be problematic for an avid opiate abuser to quit using, especially not the cold turkey way. Some common withdrawal symptoms an opiate abuser may experience include: Restlessness Anxiety Insomnia Dilated pupils Irritability Muscle aches Agitation Symptoms of restless legs from opiate withdrawal RLS caused by opiate withdrawal may manifest in the following ways; Weird sensations within the limbs that are sometimes difficult to explain. They may be related to aching, itching, creeping, crawling, throbbing, or pulling. Twitching of the legs at night. This may get worse during rest or moments of inactivity. Pleasurable relief with movement. Irregular sleep patterns. Other times, individuals may complain of insomnia. How to treat RLS from opiate withdrawal To treat opioid withdrawal-related RLS, one would need to treat opioid addiction. Like any other drug addiction treatment program, this one too takes time.

However, the opiate abuser must first be willing to get treatment. Once this is determined, a doctor may prescribe the following medications to relieve RLS during opiate withdrawal: Take note that these drugs should not be self-prescribed at any point in time. Benzodiazepines Benzos such as Klonopin and valium are sedatives that work to reduce brain activity which will tone down feelings of anxiety, agitation, and irritability. Even so, benzo dosage for opiate withdrawal should not exceed 5 days. Dopaminergic medications Medicines such as Cabergoline, Pramipexole, Rotigotine, and Ropinirole increase the happy hormone in the brain which will alleviate RLS symptoms and help you rest. Clonidine This drug is commonly prescribed to hypertension patients to reduce anxiety, agitation, and muscle aches which makes it convenient for use in opiate withdrawal. It has been reported to help reduce the severity of RLS. Marijuana Although not much research has been provided to unfold how marijuana treats symptoms of RLS, it has been reported to provide positive outcomes when used but only in meager amounts. If the opiate addiction treatment program does not have immediate effects, some coping mechanisms could be incorporated to relieve pain from RLS. How to cope with restless legs syndrome from opiate withdrawal Regular exercise Studies reveal that regular low-intensity workouts reduce RLS symptoms significantly. You do not have to be a fitness maniac but cycling, swimming, stretching, or walking can go a long way toward recovery. Taking RLS supplements Natural herbs such as valerian roots have been reported to alleviate opiate withdrawal restless legs. Also known as “nature’s valium”, valerian herb has compounds that regulate nerve impulses and induce calming/ sedative effects in the body. Magnesium supplements also ease muscle and nervous tension in patients with restless legs syndrome. Epsom salt baths Epsom salt contains sulfates and magnesium which are easily absorbed through the skin to stop opiate withdrawal RLS. Epsom salt bathwater is known to help in exfoliation, improve nutrient absorption and removal of toxins in the body and, last but not least, relax the nervous system. Massage Religiously massaging your legs before bedtime can help stop RLS symptoms. This can be done using a leg massager or handheld massager, or just manually. Getaway message It is possible to treat and cure opiate withdrawal restless legs. Adapting the coping mechanisms and following the prescribed treatment plan will help ease the recovery process. If you or your loved one is struggling with opiate withdrawal-related RLS, seek out professional help as soon as you can. For more insight, here is our guide on how to help someone going through withdrawal.

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  What is THC? Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a psychoactive substance that activates the feel-good neurons in the brain to produce a ‘high.’ It is classified as a cannabinoid as it’s the primary component of cannabis that interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system to influence the user's memory, thinking, pleasure, coordination, and time perception. While THC is detectable in different bodily fluids, knowing how it works and its influences on the body is imperative. How does THC work? THC is contained in industrial hemp (also Indian hemp or Cannabis sativa), marijuana, and hashish, although in relatively different amounts. All these are a variety of cannabis grown for various purposes. Cannabis grown for hemp has smaller amounts of THC than that grown for the production of hashish or marijuana. Once ingested, THC binds to the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB!) receptors in the brain to produce a feeling of euphoria. Effects of THC include: Relaxation. Paranoia Altered perceptions of space and time. Dry mouth Red eyes. Increased appetite. Sometimes, anxiety and hallucinations. THC is consumed in cannabis-infused edibles, such as baked goods, candies, and drinks. It is also contained in products such as essential oils, tinctures, topicals, and flowers. Another well-known cousin to THC is the cannabidiol (CBD) compound found in cannabis, and the difference between the two is that CBD is not psychoactive. It, therefore, does not give a ‘high.’ Uses of CBD CBD is the compound exploited in cannabis for its therapeutic effects, including: Controlling seizures. Reducing pain and inflammation. Reducing anxiety and depression. Improving sleep quality. Preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike THC, CBD does not bind to the CB1 receptors once ingested. The effects of both compounds may vary widely depending on the mode of consumption, dose taken, and individual tolerance. When consumed together, they produce a synergistic effect. How long does THC stay in the body? Several factors affect how long THC lingers in the body. They are: Frequency – individuals who abuse cannabis more frequently will have higher levels of THC in their bloodstream, meaning it would take longer to eliminate it. Dosage – how much you take influences the time it takes to eliminate THC and its metabolites from the bloodstream entirely. Mode of consumption – smoked or vaporised THC in cannabis is quickly absorbed through the lungs and into the bloodstream. There will be rapid absorption of THC, distributing rapidly throughout the body. When ingested, THC is first taken to the digestive system, where it’s broken down into metabolites, which then enter the bloodstream and are distributed into various organs. This means there will be higher concentrations of THC in the blood when smoked than when ingested. Metabolism rate – the faster THC is broken down into metabolites in the body, the faster it is eliminated from your system. Body fat percentage – cannabis users with higher body fat percentages have higher levels of THC. This is because THC is stored in body fat, which takes longer to eliminate. Hydration – keeping your body well hydrated will help flush THC metabolites from your system. THC detection window Various cannabis drug tests have varying detection windows. While the above-mentioned factors affect the detection window, the type of drug test conduction plays a key role. Urine test This is the most common testing method. THC is detectable in urine for more than 30 days after last use for a chronic user. For a light user consuming daily, traces of THC in urine can be seen between 10-15 days after last use. One-time users risk detection up to 3 days since last use. Blood test Blood tests detect cannabis use within the last 2-12 hours of consumption. But, for heavy users, THC metabolites remain in the bloodstream for about 30 days after last consumption. Saliva test This test has a shorter detection window, usually within 72 hours from the last use.

Like the alcohol blow roadside testing, cannabis saliva tests can also be conducted by the roadside using an oral fluid. Hair test Hair follicle tests detect drug use patterns for up to 90 days. Now that we understand the working mechanisms of THC and detection methods in the body let’s learn about the risks of THC transmission during sex, breastfeeding and how to reduce exposure. Can THC be transferred through bodily fluids? Although there may be substantial traceable amounts of THC metabolites in blood, urine, and saliva, it can only be transmitted through semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. Studies have revealed that THC is detectable in vaginal fluids, semen, and breast milk and can potentially be transferred from one person to another through these bodily fluids. While there’s scientific evidence supporting the transmission of THC through bodily fluids, proof of the extent of transmission remains insufficient. THC binds to fat cells in the body, increasing its chances of being stored for weeks, even months, after ingestion. This THC is released from the fat cells into the bloodstream and transported into bodily secretions during metabolism. THC transmission through semen During unprotected sexual activity, semen containing traces of THC comes into contact with the mucous membranes in the genitals, anus, or mouth. The membranes then absorb THC molecules and transport them to the bloodstream of the recipient. However, due to the low concentration of THC in semen, it is unlikely that the traces transmitted are enough to cause psychoactive effects in the recipient. A 2022 study shows that quantifiable traces of THC metabolites are detected in the semen of chronic users of inhaled cannabis. THC transmission through vaginal fluids Limited research is available on the presence of THC in vaginal fluids. However, studies show higher chances of detecting the compound in the vaginal fluids of women who had used cannabis in the past 24 hours of the test. Similarly, it is somewhat unclear whether the amount transmitted is high enough to cause psychoactive effects in the sexual partner. Risk factors for transmission of THC during sexual intercourse Unprotected sexual intercourse. The frequency and dosage of cannabis ingested by the sexual partners. Consistency of bodily fluids exchanged during sex since last use of cannabis. Some studies suggest using lubricants increases the absorption of THC through the mucus membranes of the vaginal lining. Presence of cuts, sores, or abrasions on the mucous membranes that increase the risk of THC absorption. How to minimise the risk of THC transmission during sex Using condoms or other barrier methods that hinder fluid exchange during sex and, ultimately, prevent THC transmission. Open communication between sexual partners on cannabis use. Avoid sexual activity when open wounds, sores, or abrasions of the mucous membranes are present. Staying well hydrated before and after using cannabis. THC transmission through breast milk THC can be passed from a nursing mother to an infant through breastfeeding. As a fat-soluble chemical compound, THC has a high affinity to breast milk, which consists of 3-5% fat content. This fact is attributable to the longevity of THC in breast milk. Chronic consumption of THC products can accumulate in breast milk in higher concentrations. Although it’s hard to determine how much of the intake is transferrable to a mother’s breast milk, studies suggest that lactating mothers who highly use cannabis transfer it to their infants in the ratio of 8:1 For regular or one-time cannabis-using lactating moms, their infants only consume 0.8% of the mother’s dosage. How long does THC persist in breast milk? How long THC metabolites stay in breast milk depends on multiple factors, similar to how long it stays in the body. However, it is crucial to note that women’s bodies have more extensive reservoir storage for THC compared to men due to their high body fat percentage; about 25-30% of a woman’s body is made of fat.

This means that it would take longer for THC to thoroughly wash out of the system, thereby increasing its absorption into breast milk. Studies conducted in the test for THC metabolites reveal that the compound has a detection window of between 6 days to 6 weeks in breast milk. Additionally, the mean half-life of THC in breast milk has been estimated to be 17 days. Nevertheless, for chronic lactating users, it is possible to detect THC metabolites in breast milk longer than 6 weeks after last use. Effects of THC in breast milk Although THC concentration in breast milk may not be high enough to cause observable ‘highs’ in the infant, the following can be a result: Irregular sleep patterns. Developmental delays. Feeding difficulties. Impaired cognitive function. Hyperactivity. Tremors Irritability. Lactating mothers should shun cannabis use to avoid predisposing their babies to the side effects above. In addition, the mother should avoid breastfeeding when high and substitute breast milk with available formulas. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), lactating mothers should avoid breastfeeding for at least 2 hours after using. This should be followed by a pump and dump for the first stream of milk after cannabis ingestion. Since cannabis has both therapeutic and psychoactive effects, its consumption by lactating mothers should be done under a doctor’s advisory and implement the following to reduce THC metabolites in breast milk: Use cannabis in minimal doses. Stay well hydrated. Exercise regularly. Never smoke or vaporize cannabis. THC transmission through the placenta Although little is known about the maternal-fetal transfer of THC, it is possible to pass THC metabolites to the fetus through the placenta. As a lipophilic molecule, THC passes from the fat cells of the placenta into the fetal bloodstream. This is the only possible means through which THC is transmitted through the bloodstream. THC exposure to a developing fetus has the following effects: It increases the risk of premature birth. Impairs fetal growth, hence reduced birth weight. Increases the risk of stillbirth. Impairs fetal brain and nervous system development, which may lead to cognitive impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism in the newborn. Besides these neurodevelopment disorders in the fetus, an infant born of a cannabis-using mother may exhibit neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). These are a group of symptoms that occur in newborns exposed to certain drugs while in the womb. They include tremors, irritability, seizures, and feeding difficulties. Pregnant women concerned about the risk of THC transmission to their unborn should see a doctor to help them understand the risks and benefits of cannabis and get support and guidance from qualified personnel.

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End stage alcoholism It is reputed that ‘alcoholism is the disease that tries to convince you that you don’t have it.’ As much as the ‘high’ is exhilarating, it is short-lived and has more cons than pros. Research from the World Health Organization (WHO) proves that 5.3% of all deaths, globally, are caused by the harmful consumption of alcohol. This equates to about 3 million deaths annually. In addition, premature deaths and disabilities, primarily to members of the age group 20-39 years of age, are attributed to alcoholism. So where do we draw the line? At what stage does alcohol indulgence become harmful? Technically, alcohol use disorder (AUD) can be divided into 4 main categories. These are: Stages of alcoholism Pre-alcoholic stage This is also known as the normal drinking stage because it is often indifferent to social drinking to the casual eye. It is characterized by experimental desires to try new forms of alcohol or drinking due to emotional or mental motivations, that is, to suppress physical pain, depression, anxiety, or stress. As the stage progresses, the drinker develops a tolerance for alcohol. This means that they may not necessarily drink quite often but in large amounts at a time. Early-stage alcoholism The transition between premature alcoholism and early-stage alcoholism is marked when the drinker shows increased episodes of binge drinking and experiences alcohol-induced blackouts. You know you’re in the early stage when you feel the irresistible desire for alcohol. Early-stage alcoholics often lie about their drinking patterns and may tend to spike drinks with alcohol. More often than not, their productivity is affected and may breed poor performance at their workplace or in academics. As people begin to notice the drinking problem, the drinker is in denial. Middle-stage alcoholism The middle stage is triggered by strong cravings and painful symptoms of withdrawal since the body has adapted to an alcohol-rich environment. The withdrawal symptoms may include shaking, excessive sweating, nausea, insomnia, and headaches. A middle-stage alcoholic would plan their day around drinking. Drinking starts early, gets them through the day, and most certainly, ends the day. There is little to no control over their drinking and neglect of responsibilities. End-stage alcoholism This is the last stage of alcoholism. It is the most severe and dangerous form of AUD. In this case, alcohol addiction is full-blown, therefore, drinking is perpetual and any attempts for its withdrawal may lead to shaking, seizures, dilated pupils, and delirium tremens, commonly known as alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which when left untreated can be fatal. What does end-stage alcoholism look like As the final stage of alcoholism before death, the drinker experiences long-term mental and health complications. It is not uncommon for alcoholics at this stage to lose their jobs, families and eventually become homeless. End-stage alcoholism brain damage Some of the mental signs of end-stage alcoholism include: Depression Paranoia Loneliness Dementia Violence They leave the individual in a dark place and may even attempt suicide. Moreover, extreme situations can lead to wet brain condition, also known as Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS). Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is a common brain disorder caused by long-term heavy drinking. It refers to the acute (Wernicke’s encephalopathy) and chronic (Korsakoff amnesic) stages of thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency. Wet brain may cause damage to the brain’s thalamus and hypothalamus resulting in irreversible confusion, hallucinations, and poor muscle coordination. Physical symptoms of end-stage alcoholism Liver cirrhosis – food metabolism slows down in the early stages of liver disease. As a result, alcohol is absorbed back into the bloodstream. This causes the liver to harden and form scarring tissues, that is, cirrhosis. With cirrhosis comes fatigue, bleeding, itchy skin, jaundice, and fluid retention in the abdomen.

High blood pressure can also result from liver cirrhosis. Esophageal varices – these are enlarged veins in the esophagus, attributable to blood flow obstruction, which may be fatal when they leak blood and eventually rupture. Cardiovascular problems related to high blood pressure. Cancers linked with the mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, and colon. Weight loss.   How long does end-stage alcoholism last At this point, many body organs are failing, and thus predisposing the alcoholic to a slow, painful death. But can end-stage alcoholics recover? Yes, depending on the amount of damage that has already occurred. Although death is inevitable, the drinker might have a chance of a better life once they decide to quit drinking and seek medical attention. Call it learning to dance in the rain. A medically supervised detox can help alleviate the drinker’s condition when done early and control withdrawal symptoms. A rehabilitation program is also necessary where one is introduced to drug therapy, counseling, and proper nutrition. For middle to end stages of alcoholism, inpatient rehabs are highly recommended. Otherwise, it is okay to opt for outpatient rehabilitation. Nonetheless, an addition of behavior therapies and support groups could go a long way to help the recovering alcoholic maintain sobriety.   What happens in case of a relapse? In one way or another, a relapse may happen. Don’t panic. Relapses are a normal part of recovery. Although you may feel resentful, regret and hopeless when it happens, it is possible to embark on the journey to a drug-free life. In conclusion, the path to recovery is never easy. But the addict must first want to recover. This makes it a teensy bit easier. By all means, an end-stage alcoholic may likely recover, or at the very least, experience a better, quality life.

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Although the Bible does not directly address drug addiction – the word was first used in the 20th century when the concepts of addiction and dependence were introduced, the scriptures address earthly temptations where substance abuse is considered one of them. Christians are specifically instructed to guard their bodies and shun self-harming as they are created in the image of God. 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 Do you not know that your bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore, honor God with your bodies. 1 Peter 5:8 Be alert and of sober mind. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour. The latter urges believers to be clear-minded to avoid susceptibility to the evils in the world. However, with the numerous translations of the Bible today, some versions, whose sources Bible scholars may deem questionable, may include the disease addiction. Nonetheless, other scriptures appear to be more direct in addressing the harm caused by mind-altering substances. Some of them are; Proverbs 20:1 Wine is a mocker and beer is a brawler; whoever is led astray by them is not wise. Isaiah 5:11 Woe to those who rise early in the morning in pursuit of strong drink, who linger into the evening, to be inflamed by wine. As depicted above, wine was the most common substance of abuse during the time the Bible was written, unlike today where drugs, both prescribed and unprescribed, can be abused and result in addictions. While some verses in the Bible may be implicit on the aftermath of alcohol abuse, others are quite direct; it leads to indulgence in lustful and sensual acts. Ephesians 5:18 Do not get drunk on wine which leads to debauchery. Instead, be filled with the spirit. Contrary to the mainstream media which glorifies indulgence in drug and alcohol abuse, Christianity considers this kind of lifestyle deplorable. It does not only harm the body and the spirit but also draws one away from God. Nonetheless, the scriptures shed a ray of hope for spouses whose significant others struggle with addictions. Luke 5:32 I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance. Keep reading to know what the Bible says about drug addiction and marriage. Drug Addiction and Marriage It is beyond doubt that a relationship with a partner struggling with drug addiction can cause a mental and emotional toll on the couple. This is because a spouse with alcohol and substance abuse disorder can impound one of many effects on a family. Some of the effects brought about by drug addiction include: Loneliness – spouses struggling with addiction may often disconnect from their families and loved ones. This makes one feel lonely and not able to emotionally and socially connect with their better half. Financial burden – addiction puts a financial strain on a marriage as the addict satisfies their drinking sprees. Moreover, it could lead to other expenses from legal fees on DUI tickets, healthcare fees spent on rehabs, and other social costs. Neglect of responsibilities – addicts can ignore family responsibilities, such as paying kids’ tuition, mortgage, etc. which may make it hard for the other spouse to cope. Violence – alcohol alters the mind and can easily make one aggressive and abusive. However, abuse may not be physical but also mental and emotional. On that note, it is important to note that the Bible advises against marriages between believers and non-believers. Such a union is ungodly and can very well tear marriages apart. Christians are advised to marry like-minded Christians who are led by the Spirit rather than the flesh. 2 Corinthians 6:14 Don’t develop partnerships with those who are not of Jesus’ teachings. For what real connection can exist between righteousness and rebellion? How can light participate in darkness? 1 Corinthians 5:11 What I was saying is that you should not associate with someone

who calls himself a brother or a sister but lives contrary to all we stand for: committing immoral sexual acts, consumed with desire for more, worshipping tangible lifeless things, using profanity, drinking into oblivion, swindling, and cheating others. Do not even sit at the table with a person like this. Although if addiction infiltrates your marriage down the road, there is still hope of redemption for your addicted spouse as God cannot tempt you beyond what you can handle. 1 Corinthians 10:13 No temptation has overtaken you except what is common to mankind. And God is faithful; he will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, he will also provide a way out so that you can endure it. More often than not, you may be tempted to leave your marriage as you feel trapped, hurt, and broken. But even addicts heal and people change. It is advisable to establish Godly boundaries with your addicted spouse while simultaneously taking care of your health and family. What are Godly boundaries? As much as staying in such a marriage may be a difficult choice and sacrifice, it is possible if the addicted spouse is willing to seek help and God’s forgiveness. If this is the case then it is your duty as a believer to support, encourage, and comfort your addicted spouse through counseling, AA groups, rehab, and last but not least, prayer. Lamentations 3: 22-23 God’s loyal love couldn’t have run out, his merciful love couldn’t have dried up. They’re created new every morning; great is your faithfulness! As they fight to address the root causes of their addictions, proclaim affirmation to their life. Let them see the beauty of intentionally living a Godly life. Pray for your addicted spouse Proverbs 3: 5-6 Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways submit to him, and he will make your paths straight. It is your duty as the spouse to support and pray for your partner. After all, no problem is too big for God to handle and everyone is addicted to something. We just have to seek refuge and freedom from addictions and pain. As you pray, pray for a union of wisdom, guidance, protection, and a forgiving heart. James 1:5 If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to you.

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What is Percocet? Percocet is a prescription pain medication containing two active ingredients: the opioid oxycodone and the main ingredient in Tylenol known as acetaminophen, the latter being a non-opioid analgesic. Its potent ingredients increase its effectiveness in managing moderate to severe pain over a short period. It is, therefore, dispensed to injury patients, after surgical procedures, and in chronic pain situations. Percocet is most prevalent in a generic yellow oval shape, but some tablets can be branded white, blue, and round, with the latter often prescribed in lower doses. Percocet dosages Due to its potency, it is crucial that patients only take their prescribed dosages by their healthcare providers. There are two Percocet formulations: immediate-release (IR) versions and extended-release formulations (ER). Immediate release formulations IR Percocet is designed for a quick onset of action, rapidly releasing the medication into the bloodstream for fast pain relief. Its effects are short-lived, requiring patients to take them after every 4-6 hours for consistent pain control. This formulation is often prescribed for acute pain situations. The dosages for immediate-release formulations are: Percocet 2.5 mg/325 mg – the lowest dosage prescribed. Percocet 5mg/325 mg – the acetaminophen in this dosage equals that of 2.5mg/325 mg. Extended-release formulations ER Percocet formulations gradually release the medication into the bloodstream over an extended period, leading to long-lasting pain relief. Due to its longer duration of action, patients take it less frequently than immediate-release formulations. It is often prescribed under chronic pain situations where around-the-clock pain relief is needed. The dosages prescribed for extended-release versions are: Percocet 7.5mg/325 mg – this is one of the strongest dosages with higher amounts of acetaminophen to extend pain relief duration while minimizing opioid use. Percocet 10mg/325 mg – this is the highest dosage prescribed. Regardless of your pain situation, it is not recommended to self-adjust your Percocet dosage or use the medication without proper medical guidance. How does Percocet work Understanding how Percocet works in your body, its timelines, and factors is essential when using this medication. Due to its combination of components, we will explore the working mechanisms of both components in the body. 1.      The Opioid Analgesic Oxycodone, the opioid component of Percocet, binds to the opioid receptors in the brain and the spinal cord, which regulate the body’s pain management. The receptors alter the perception of pain by inhibiting the transmission of pain signals along the neural pathways. 2.      The Non-opioid Analgesic Acetaminophen works as an enzyme inhibitor. The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme produces prostaglandin, the chemical involved in the inflammatory response and pain signaling. Once acetaminophen inhibits the COX enzyme, prostaglandin production is reduced, thereby alleviating pain sensation and reducing fever. The above analgesics produce a synergistic effect to modulate pain perception and reduce inflammation. How Percocet is metabolized in the body: how does Percocet stay in your system? Percocet requires extensive metabolism due to its potent components. Understanding how it’s broken down in the body will help elaborate on its elimination. Both oxycodone and acetaminophen are metabolized in the liver through several enzymatic processes. Oxycodone is metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme, which results in active and inactive metabolites. Acetaminophen metabolism results in the production of water-soluble metabolites, which are excreted through the kidneys. Generally, it would take several half-lives for the drug to be eliminated in your system. The half-life of a drug is the time your body would take to eliminate half of the drug from your system. For instance, the opioid component of Percocet has a half-life of about 3.2 hours, while acetaminophen’s half-life is 2 to 3 hours.

Altogether, your body would take around five half-lives to clear out Percocet, amounting to about 16 hours since last use. Nonetheless, the elimination process leaves traces of the metabolites, explaining how Percocet stays in your system. Several factors affect the duration these metabolites linger in your system. Factors influencing how long Percocet stays in your system Metabolism rate – individuals with a faster metabolism will process and eliminate Percocet more quickly. Age – metabolism rate reduces with age, leading to a longer detection time. Liver function – since Percocet metabolism occurs in the liver, an impaired liver function will slow down the process, extending the drug’s duration in the body. Body mass – Percocet is lipophilic, meaning it has a high affinity for fat tissues. Individuals with a higher body fat content can store Percocet metabolites in their fat tissues, prolonging their duration of action. Hydration – proper hydration is important for kidney function and drug elimination. Dehydration can result in the slow excretion of the drug. Dosage and frequency of use – higher doses and regularity of use extend the time it takes Percocet to leave the system. Overall health – general body health and kidney function can affect drug elimination in the body. Drug testing for Percocet Percocet metabolites remain detectable in various bodily substances beyond the 16 hours it would take for its effects to wear off and clear out. This is where drug tests come in. However, the drug test doesn’t test for Percocet medication but rather for oxycodone/opioid metabolites. Tylenol (acetaminophen) is hardly tested for as it’s a non-habit-forming medication. Percocet detection window In urine Urine testing is a standard and affordable method due to its easy procedure. The detection window for Percocet in urine is highly dependent on liver and kidney function as well as overall consumption of the drug. However, some sources say it is detectable for up to 2 days since last use, with the window starting within two hours of the first immediate-release Percocet dosage. In blood Oxycodone is detectable in a blood sample for up to 24 hours after use. This is a relatively low detection window that may require subsequent screening had the user consumed Percocet more than a day ago. In saliva The detection window in saliva is between 1 to 2 days after the last dose of Percocet. In hair The hair strand test has the longest detection window, detecting drug use over the past 90 days. Due to its long-term reliability and costly nature, hair testing is often reserved for detecting chronic and long-term illicit drug use. Percocet Abuse The misuse and abuse of Percocet has been on the rise, posing a serious health risk. Due to its potent opioid component, misuse of Percocet often leads to drug tolerance, which develops into addiction over prolonged use. A comprehensive review of how oxycodone is addictive is available here. Below is a comprehensive discussion of the causes, signs and symptoms of abuse. Causes/Risk factors of Percocet abuse Pain management issues – patients may misuse Percocet as a means of self-medicating chronic pain or due to inadequate pain relief from their ongoing prescription. Lack of patient monitoring by healthcare providers can also encourage its misuse and abuse. Psychological factors – the oxycodone in Percocet has euphoric effects that may cause one to develop a physical and psychological dependence on the drug. It can also be misused during stressful, traumatic, and emotionally abusive situations as a coping mechanism. Seeking pleasure – due to its availability and ready market, Percocet is often misused as a recreational drug for individuals seeking an opioid high, relaxation, or escape from reality. Peer influence – social circles may also glamorize drug use, which contributes to Percocet abuse. History of substance use disorder (SUD) – users with a history of SUD and relapse are at a higher risk of abusing Percocet once it's prescribed.

Genetics – genetic factors can influence an individual’s susceptibility to substance abuse, especially opioids like Percocet. Signs and symptoms of Percocet abuse Behavioural and psychological signs Sudden mood swings. Isolation. Euphoria or unnatural ‘highs’, followed by an intense ‘crash’. Anxiety and paranoia. Doctor shopping to acquire multiple prescriptions. Neglecting responsibilities to chase a ‘high’. Physical signs Increased tolerance – needing higher doses to achieve the same effect. Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when the drug wears off. These symptoms may range from mild muscle and joint aches, runny nose, and teary eyes to intense chills, sweating, and cravings. Drowsiness. Constricted pupils. Gastrointestinal stress manifesting through nausea and vomiting. Effects of Percocet abuse Liver damage – when acetaminophen is taken in excessive dosages, it overwhelms the liver’s ability to metabolize the drug, leading to the accumulation of toxic byproducts that can damage liver cells. Respiratory problems – excessive intake of opioids tends to suppress the respiratory system by binding to special opioid receptors that inhibit the brain centre regulating breathing. Addiction – prolonged abuse of Percocet can lead to addiction. Increased risk of overdose – high dose of Percocet in combination with other drugs can lead to an overdose, which can turn fatal. Social and legal issues – addictions tend to strain social relationships and lead to illegal activities as the addict strives to obtain funding for the drug. Signs of a Percocet overdose An overdose usually occurs when the drug consumption exceeds the body’s ability to metabolize it. In extreme situation, a Percocet overdose can be life threatening and, therefore, requires immediate medical attention. Key indicators of an overdose include: Respiratory suppression; shallow breathing or shortness of breath (SOB). Loss of consciousness. Confusion. Low blood pressure and a weak pulse. Bluish tint on the lips and extremities. Cold and clammy skin. Pinpoint pupils. In case of an opioid overdose, naloxone can be administered to reverse the effects if available. Otherwise, call for medical help. Treatment and intervention A Percocet addiction is as potent as any other opioid addiction, preventing one from quitting cold turkey. Consistent medical supervision is, therefore, required to help manage withdrawal and support the patient all through the process. Treatment plans applied during drug elimination and withdrawal management include: Medical detox A medically supervised detoxification program ensures the safety and comfort of the patient and proper management of the withdrawal symptoms. During this time, vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate are closely monitored in case of an emergency. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) Certain medications may be prescribed to help manage drug cravings and prevent a relapse.  Symptom-specific medications can also be administered to address specific withdrawal symptoms. Behavioral Therapy (BT) Behavioral therapies such as counselling and support groups can provide addicts with coping strategies as they share peer experiences and emotional support to get clean. Through cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) they can effectively address the psychological aspects of addiction and withdrawal. Holistic approaches These are achieved through incorporating proper nutrition and physical activity in recovery to achieve the overall well-being of the individual. Exercises such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness can help manage anxieties and improve relaxation. If you or your loved one is struggling with Percocet abuse, reaching out to healthcare providers and addiction specialists is imperative for effective intervention and recovery.

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Mary-Kate Olsen drug addiction journey is just another two peas in a pod, as most Hollywood celebrities struggle with fame and substance abuse. In retrospect, the glamorization of drug abuse in Hollywood is all too common. Numerous tabloid stars have encountered drug abuse disorders, and if not, someone close to them is doing drugs. It is almost as if it comes with the territory since many have disclosed their battles with drug addiction to the public. But where did it all begin? It began in the 1930s when Hollywood stardom was flooded with young, rich, ambitious actors and actresses accustomed to publicity and long work hours brought about by their demanding careers. To fulfil the Hollywood hustle, the system encouraged pep pills or “vitamin shots,” as doctors called them, to help the superstars be energetic or get sleep. This gave them a ticket to abuse drugs as long as they would be on-set when needed and develop tolerance with time. It was, therefore, not unusual for celebrities to engage in alcoholism heroin or cocaine use. Worse, the public and the media began idolizing drug-abusing celebrities while stigmatizing ordinary people who fall victim to addictions. This Hollywood tragedy still lives on in the 21st century, where people are desensitized to drug abuse, just like they are desensitized to violence through movies and TV shows. The media has witnessed the likes of Zac Efron, Angelina Jolie, Oprah Winfrey, Robert Downey Jr., Lindsay Lohan, and many more media personalities confess their struggle with alcoholism, heroin and cocaine addictions. On that note, this article will look into Mary-Kate Olsen drug addiction through her screen career and how she got over the addiction. Grab a coffee and get comfortable. Mary-Kate Olsen’s screen debut As one-half of the sororal Olsen twins, Mary-Kate was born on June 13, 1986, with her twin Ashely Olsen and together, they began their screen careers at nine months old on the sitcom show Full House. While child labour laws restricted children to 20 minutes per episode, the director hit the jackpot with the lovely twins switching places to cover 40 minutes on-set. Their first gig was profoundly successful; since then, the duo has always been together. It was also an avenue for launching the Dualstar Entertainment Group, making them one of the youngest executive producers in Hollywood history. After a few years, Mary-Kate and Ashley produced countless shows, movies, and fashion lines, including The Row, Elizabeth and James, Olsenboye and StyleMint, and a metric ton of merchandise totaling their net worth of $500 million. Just like their career flourished, so did the twins maintain a stellar reputation, unlike the rich and famous teenagers of their age who were party animals. They either kept a clean record or were so good at escaping the tabloids. Well, the latter sounds truer if you keep reading. The beginning of the Olsen tragedy Mary-Kate and Ashley fell into the media limelight accidentally. They did not choose a life of fame. Nonetheless, they had to measure up; fortunately, it worked to their advantage. However, measuring up to their demanding career meant taking a lot of coffee to get them wired enough for the day. As a result, they developed a caffeine addiction at a very young age. As the twins confessed, their mother would make them pancakes and a tiny cup of coffee on the weekends. Mary-Kate tells the WMagazine, “I remember at 10 sneaking my own coffee and pouring a ton of sugar in and going up to the playroom and drinking it.” Additionally, the twins were obsessed with Starbucks and the paparazzi would always be selling pictures of them holding Starbucks cups around the city. Despite their efforts to maintain a clean reputation, their 18th birthday was not so squeaky clean. Dark rumours unveiled the duo’s liberation on their campus life at New York University. Their public image began shifting to that of divas who flaunted their smoking and drinking all over the tabloids.

This approved a previously leaked photo of Mary-Kate drinking at a party while in high school by Spencer Pratt, a reality series personality. While Mary-Kate regularly managed to make news in the media, Ashley stayed in their good books. Down the road to addiction Mary-Kate was exposed to drug abuse during their campus escapades, where they tried all sorts of drugs, from marijuana to ecstasy, cocaine and alcohol. Although her cocaine and alcohol addiction was known to the media, her family remained hushed. Her condition plummeted when she had to check herself into a rehab facility in 2004 for anorexia and drug addiction after a lifetime of denial. The family quickly denied that non of the girls had an addiction problem, but their bodyguards held contrasting opinions. They confessed to seeing the girls participate in pot circles and pass the joint around. To support it, Mary-Kate Olsen was often sported by paparazzi carrying a pack of cigarettes proudly into interviews, clubs, and bathrooms. She wasn’t quite into the under-the-radar affair about her drug use. Mary-Kate went through six weeks of treatment and, three years later, struggled with kidney problems. Her love life has also brought her to the mud after her boyfriend, Heath Ledger, died of an overdose in 2008. How is Mary-Kate Olsen today? Mary-Kate has had a bumpy recovery as rumours of her relapse made the headlines once a few times. Regardless, relapse is part of recovery. The Olsen twins retracted from the limelight to build their careers and work on their mental and physical health. She recently shared her thoughts in an interview with Marie Claire, where she was quoted: "I think it’s really important to be able to talk when something’s wrong". I learnt at a really young age that if you don’t talk about it, it can drive you insane. The 30-something-year-old fashion mogul now lives off social media and married Olivier Sarkozy in 2015. She has managed to hide from the public eye and lead a quiet private life. Ashley and Mary-Kate were last spotted at the 2017 Met Gala.