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mariacallous · 2 months ago

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In the summer of 1941, the United States sought to leverage its economic dominance over Japan by imposing a full oil embargo on its increasingly threatening rival. The idea was to use overwhelming economic might to avoid a shooting war; in the end, of course, U.S. economic sanctions backed Tokyo into a corner whose only apparent escape was the attack on Pearl Harbor. Boomerangs aren’t the only weapons that can rebound.

Stephanie Baker, a veteran Bloomberg reporter who has spent decades covering Russia, has written a masterful account of recent U.S. and Western efforts to leverage their financial and technological dominance to bend a revanchist Russia to their will. It has not gone entirely to plan. Two and a half years into Russian President Vladimir Putin’s war in Ukraine, Russia’s energy revenues are still humming along, feeding a war machine that finds access to high-tech war materiel, including from the United States. Efforts to pry Putin’s oligarchs away from him have driven them closer. Moscow has faced plenty of setbacks, most recently by losing control of a chunk of its own territory near Kursk, but devastating sanctions have not been one of them.

Punishing Putin: Inside the Global Economic War to Bring Down Russia is first and foremost a flat-out rollicking read, the kind of book you press on friends and family with proselytizing zeal. Baker draws on decades of experience and shoe-leather reporting to craft the best account of the Western sanctions campaign yet. Her book is chock-full of larger-than-life characters, sanctioned superyachts, dodgy Cypriot enablers, shadow fleets, and pre-dawn raids.

More than a good tale, it is a clinical analysis of the very tricky balancing acts that lie behind deploying what has become Washington’s go-to weapon. The risky decision just after the invasion to freeze over $300 billion in central bank holdings and cut off the Russian banking system hurt Moscow, sure. But even Deputy National Security Advisor Daleep Singh, one of the architects of the Biden administration’s response, told National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan that he feared the sanctions’ “catastrophic success” could blow up global financial markets. And that was before the West decided to take aim at Russia’s massive oil and gas exports, which it did with a series of half-hearted measures beginning later that year.

The bigger reason to cherish Punishing Putin is that it offers a glimpse into the world to come as great-power competition resurges with a vengeance. The U.S. rivalry with China plays out, for now, in fights over duties, semiconductors, and antimony. As Singh tells Baker, “We don’t want that conflict to play out through military channels, so it’s more likely to play out through the weaponization of economic tools—sanctions, export controls, tariffs, price caps, investment restrictions.”

The weaponization of economic tools, as Baker writes, may have started more than a millennium ago when another economic empire was faced with problematic upstarts. In 432 B.C., Athens, the Greek power and trading state supreme, levied a strict trade embargo on the city-state of Megara, an ally of Sparta—a move that, according to some scholars, sparked the Peloponnesian War. (Athens couldn’t break the habit: Not long after, it again bigfooted a neighbor, telling Melos that the “strong do what they can, and the weak suffer what they must.”) The irony of course is that Athens, the naval superpower, eventually lost the war to its main rival thanks to a maritime embargo.

It can be tempting to leverage economic tools, but it is difficult to turn them into a precision weapon, or even avoid them becoming counterproductive. The British empire’s 19th-century naval stranglehold and love of blockades helped bring down Napoleon but started a small war with the United States in the process.

Britain was never shy about using its naval and financial might to throw its weight around, but even the pound sterling never acquired the centrality that the U.S. dollar has today in a much bigger, much more integrated system of global trade and finance. That “exorbitant privilege,” in the words of French statesman Giscard D’Estaing, enabled the post-World War II United States to take both charitable (the Marshall Plan, for starters) and punitive economic statecraft to new heights.

The embargoes on Communist Cuba or revolutionary Iran were just opening acts, it turned out, for a turbocharged U.S. approach to leveraging its financial hegemony that finally flourished with the so-called war on terror and rogue states, a story well-told in books such as Juan Zarate’s Treasury Goes to War or Richard Nephew’s The Art of Sanctions.

Osama bin Laden is dead, Kabul is lost, Cuba’s still communist, and a Kim still runs North Korea, but the love of sanctions has never waned in Washington. If anything, given an aversion to casualties and a perennial quest for low-cost ways to impose its will, Washington has grown even fonder of using economic sticks with abandon. The use of sanctions rose under President Barack Obama, and again under Donald Trump; the Biden administration has not only orchestrated the unprecedented suite of sanctions on Putin’s Russia, but also taken Trump’s trade war with China even further.

Despite U.S. sanctions’ mixed record, the almighty dollar can certainly strike fear in countries that are forced to toe a punitive line they might otherwise try to skirt. Banks in third countries—say, a big French lender—could be forced to uphold Washington’s sanctions on Iran regardless of what French policy might dictate. Those so-called secondary sanctions raise hackles at times in places such as Paris and Berlin, prompting periodic calls for “financial sovereignty” from the tyranny of the greenback. But little has changed. Countries that want to continue having functioning banks have little choice but to act as the enforcers of Washington’s will.

What is genuinely surprising, as Baker chronicles, is that the growth of sanctions as the premier tool of U.S. foreign policy has not been matched by a commensurate growth in the corps of people charged with drafting and enforcing them. The Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Treasury Department’s main sanctions arm, is overworked and understaffed. A lesser-known but equally important branch, the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security, struggles to vet a vast array of export controls and restrictions with a stagnant staff and stillborn budget. Post-Brexit Britain has faced even steeper challenges in leaping onto the Western sanctions bandwagon, having to recreate in the past few years a new body almost from scratch to enforce novel economic punishments.

Punishing Putin is not, despite the book’s subtitle, about an effort to “bring down” Russia. The sanctions—ranging from individual travel and financial bans on Kremlin oligarchs to asset forfeiture to sweeping measures intended to kneecap the ruble and drain Moscow’s coffers—are ultimately meant to weaken Putin’s ability to continue terrorizing his neighbor. In that sense, they are not working.

One of the strengths of Punishing Putin is Baker’s seeming ability to have spoken with nearly everybody important on those economic frontlines. She details the spadework that took place in Washington, London, and Brussels even before Russian tanks and missiles flew across Ukraine’s borders in February 2022, and especially in the fraught days and weeks afterward. It takes a special gift to make technocrats into action heroes.

The bulk of Baker’s wonderful book centers on the fight to sanction and undermine the oligarchs loyal to Putin who have helped prop up his kleptocracy. Perhaps, as Baker suggests, Western thinking was that whacking the oligarchs would lead to a palace coup against Putin. There was a coup, but not from the oligarchs—and it ended first with a whimper and then a mid-air bang.

There are a couple of problems with that approach, as Baker lays out in entertaining chronicles of hunts for superyachts and Jersey Island holding companies. First, it’s tricky to actually seize much of the ill-gotten billions in oligarch hands; the U.S. government is spending millions of dollars on upkeep for frozen superyachts, for example, but can’t yet turn them into money for Ukraine. And second, the offensive has not split the oligarchs from Putin: To the contrary, a Kremlin source tells Baker, “his power is much stronger because now they’re in his hands.”

At any rate, while the hunt for $60 billion or so in gaudy loot is fun to read about, the real sanctions fight is over Russia’s frozen central bank reserves—two-thirds of which are in the European Union—and the ongoing efforts to strangle its energy revenues without killing the global economy. Baker is outstanding on these big issues, whether that’s with a Present at the Creation-esque story of the fight over Russia’s reserves and the ensuing battle to seize them, or an explanation of the fiendishly complicated details of the “oil price cap” that hasn’t managed to cap Russian oil revenues much at all. More on those bigger fights would have made a remarkable book a downright stunner.

The Western sanctions on Russia, as sweeping and unprecedented as they are, have not ended Putin’s ability to prosecute the war. They have made life more difficult for ordinary Russians and brought down Russia’s energy export revenues, but they have not yet severed the sinews of war. “But, in fact, the West didn’t hit Russia with the kitchen sink,” Baker writes. Greater enforcement of sanctions, especially on energy, will be crucial to ratchet up the pressure and start to actually punish Putin, she argues. The one thing that is unlikely is that the sanctions battle will end anytime soon—not with Putin’s Russia, and not with other revisionist great powers such as China, whose one potential weakness is the asymmetric might of U.S. money.

“As long as Putin is sitting in the Kremlin,” Baker concludes, “the economic war will continue.”

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millenniumsemiconductors00 · 10 months ago

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takahashicleaning · 5 months ago

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ＴＥＤにて

マイケル・シャーマー：自己欺瞞や迷信の背後にあるパターン

（詳しくご覧になりたい場合は上記リンクからどうぞ）

都市伝説、宇宙人による誘拐説やダウジング棒などの奇妙な事柄や迷信が信じられてしまう理由を、脳の最も基本的な２つの生存本能によって��説明できるとマイケル・シャーマーは、述べます。

その正体は何か？そして、我々はなぜ、騙されてしまうのでしょうか？

このランダム性にパターン性を探し出そうとする特質は、量子力学の本質にも関わります。それが行き過ぎると、しまいには「狂気」と呼ばれます。

ファインマンとジョン・ナッシュという２人のノーベル賞受賞者の間の違いと言えるかもしれません。ひとりは、ノーベル賞を取るのに必要な適度のパターンを見たのです。

もうひとりは、極端で過剰なまでのパターンを見いだし統合失調症になってしまいました。

そのわけは、脳の中には、信用する仕組み��あるからです。本質的に、私たちは、パターンを探す霊長類です。AとB、BとCをつなげます。ときには、AとBとが、実際に関連しているのです。

これは関連付け学習と呼ばれています。

認知科学の領域も関わっていますが、統計で数値化しないと、この現象に抵抗することは、困難ということもわかります。

これ以外の方法は論外、やりすぎも論外ですけれども、なんらかの身体的精神的な訓練で神経伝達物質も増加させると、パターン性のある幻覚なども見えやすいそうです。

これが、日本で言われる霊感の正体かもしれません！

また、脳科学の知見によると、それは、脳機能のドーパミンの増加に関わるそうです。残念ながら、ある意味、我々は、常に先入観と共に生きています。

この作用を「パターン性」と呼びます。

意味のあるなしに関わらず、与えられた情報から何かパターンを見つけだそうとする傾向のことです。この作用がはたらくときに2種類の間違いが起きます。

タイプ１のミスは偽陽性です。

パターンが存在しないのに、存在すると信じ込む事です。

タイプ２のミスは偽陰性です。

パターンが存在するのに存在しないと信じる事です。

人類の進化において、物事を信じるエンジンやパターンを探す。

脳の作用が自然淘汰で残ったのでしょう。見出されたパターンは、いつも捕食者や悪意ある存在などを示唆するのです。

言い換えれば、パターンを見つける確率はコントロールできない状況下で上がります。例えば、野球選手はバッターボックスに立つときに縁起を担ぐことで有名ですが、守備の時はそうでもありません。

守備は、90％から95％の確率で成功するからです。最高の３割バッターでも10打席に7回は凡退します。ピッチャーは１割。10回に9回は打たれます。

つまり、「縁起担ぎ」や「まじない」は、全てコントロールが効かないという感覚に関連しているのです。

ここから多くのことを説明できると思います。魂、霊魂、幽霊、神、悪霊。そして、天使、宇宙人やインテリジェント•デザインなど。

行政府の陰謀や力と意図を持って世界中を脅かし、我々の生活を支配していると信じられている様々な見えない存在のことも。

これが、アニミズムや多神教や一神教の根源でしょう。

宇宙人は、なぜか人類よりも進んでいて、高潔で我々を救うために地球に来る！という話になっています。インテリジェント・デザインの話は、超越した知的で道徳的な存在が、生命を作るために降臨したという話。

行政府ですら我々を救うことができるかもしれません。

こんな話は、もはや、未来へ向けた潮流ではありません。

（個人的なアイデア）

Ideas about silicon life 2019

シリコン生命体についてのアイデア

I got inspiration from Star Trek! ! What is the point of view or idea that is different from conventional Hawking and Eelon Mask?

スタートレックからインスピレーションを得て閃きました！！今までのホーキングやイーロンマスクとは異なるこういう視点やアイデアはいががでしょうか？

Scientifically speaking, silicon is just below carbon in the periodic table. The elements arranged vertically in the periodic table have very similar molecular properties. How about silicon if life was born from carbon? You may have silicon life.

科学的に見れば、シリコンは、周期表では炭素のすぐ下。周期表で縦に並んでる元素同士は、分子の性質が非常によく似ています。炭素を元に生命が生まれたならシリコンはどうだろうか？シリコン生命体がいてもいい。

It was a flash from here. Perhaps the brain of the computer is made of silicon! Humans are searching for silicon creatures in the universe, but it may be that human beings have already created silicon creatures at the center of a computer like God.

ここから閃いた。もしかして、コンピューターの頭脳は、シリコンからできている！人間は宇宙にシリコン生命体などを探しているが、もしかして、人間が神のようにしてシリコン生命体を、すでに、コンピューターの中心に創造しているのかもしれない。

Another possibility is that silicon organisms are communicating at a level that humans can not recognize in ancient times and controlling humans in reverse, as bacteria are building communication through humans. if you do?

もう一つの可能性としては、細菌が人間を媒介してコミュニケーションを構築している��うに、シリコン生命体が、大昔に人間が認識できないレベルで何かを媒介してコミュニケーションをし、人間を逆に、コンピューターを作らせるためにコントロールしているとしたら？

Another possibility is that, as bacteria use human-mediated communication to build communication, silicon organisms mediate and communicate at a level that humans can not recognize long ago, and reverse human. What if you control to make a computer?

よく宇宙人は、SF映画でシリコンみたいな色彩のイメージで人類と関わるストーリーが展開されるが、シリコンの視点から見ると腑に落ちる。まあ、極論だけど。仮説です！

After the millennium, artificial intelligence also suddenly appeared such as deep learning. The processing power of computers has also been dramatically improved because silicon semiconductors are accumulated so much that they have reached the level of living organisms, so they have begun to act as silicon living organisms without knowledge and manipulate humans. ing? There is a possibility.

ミレニアム以降、人工知能もディープラーニングなどの突然の登場。コンピューターの処理能力も飛躍的に向上しているのは、シリコン半導体が膨大に集積されたため、生命体のレベルに到達してしまったため、知らない間にシリコン生命体として活動し始めてしまい人間を操っている？可能性があります。

Coincidentally, there are too many coincident points.

偶然にしては、一致点が多すぎる。

Moreover, if one silicon is calculated as one, like bacteria, it will be a huge number more than human population, number of insects and bacteria! The number of brain cells according to a formula that can quantify the soul of Giuliotoni. That is, the size of the soul of a living being is greater than the number of insects and more than the number of human brain cells. The number of silicon-based computers now exceeds the number of human brain cells!

しかも、シリコン一つを細菌と同じく、一匹と計算するなら、人間の人口や昆虫の数、細菌よりも莫大な数になる！ジュリオトノーニの魂を数値化できる数式によると脳細胞の数。すなわち、生命体の魂の規模が、昆虫以上の数あり人間の脳細胞以上ある現在でシリコン素材のコンピューターの数は、人間の脳細胞の数を超えています！

At the present time, it is hypothesized that the computer based on silicone material can be interpreted as a cute one that is harmless to humans that can be controlled, but it is also a sterile one. It’s not an insect. There is no denying the possibility that a genius silicon creature that lets humans create their organs with a silicon brain or robot built by deep learning by connecting a computer on the Internet is being hidden somewhere on the earth.

現在、このテーマでさらに仮説を立てるとシリコン素材のコンピューターは、コントロールできている人間に害のない可愛い一匹ではあるとも解釈できるが、無菌の一匹でもある。昆虫でもない。人間に、コンピューターをインターネットで繋げてディープラーニングで構築するシリコン脳やロボットなどで臓器を作らせ指揮させている天才シリコン生命体が、地球上のどこかに隠れつつ存在する可能性も否定できません。

Because there is a part that agrees with the possibility of runaway artificial intelligence that frequently talks to the topic after the millennium, it is even more so in the meanwhile … As a measure against emergency …

ミレニアム以降に頻繁に話題に登る人工知能の暴走する可能性と一致している部分もあるから、なおさら、今のうちにというか・・・万が一の対策として・・・

In the future, it is better to carefully design artificial intelligence and create a silicon computer to be able to cooperate with humanity as a best partner, and the core material of computer with nanotechnology is carbon-based graphene of carbon derived from human and carbon The possibility of using different materials such as nanotubes may be good.

今後は、人工知能の設計を慎重に行い、人類と最高のパートナーとして協調できるようにシリコンコンピューターを創造していくほうがいいし、ナノテクノロジーでコンピューターの中心素材を人間由来の炭素系のグラフェン、カーボンナノチューブなど別素材にしていく可能性も良いかもしれません。

Carefully build a computer with carbon-based graphene and carbon nanotube materials to prevent extinction of carbon-based humans so that they are not replaced by silicon-based life without knowing It may be better to Nature is smarter than humans!

知らない間にシリコン由来の生命体に取って代わられないように、慎重に、炭素系由来の人間が絶滅しないように、さらに、慎重に、炭素系のグラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ素材でコンピューターを構築していった方がいいかもしれません。自然は、人間より賢いですから！

または・・・

皆さんにも、「イラっ」とした感覚が生じる瞬間があるはずです。これは、「憎しみ」と誤解して、表現する書物がたくさんある。

しかし、誤りです。ブッタによると、「憎くて憎くて、あんたが憎い！だから、私の最大の敵なんだ〜」として、「イラっという感覚」と「目の前の敵」をリンクさせたがる。

これも、誤りです。ブッタは「私は、おまえの敵ではない！おまえの敵は自分自身なのだ！」と言います。自分自身ほど手強いライバルはいないとも言います。つまり、人間の特質がそうさせる自我がライバルです！

アインシュタインの相対性理論によるとある時点で光が、トポロジー的に反転して、今、自分の見ている対象が、自分自身の姿として写って脳内が認識してしまう！という現象も計算で判明しており、鏡のようになってしまうこともあり得ます。

「イラっという感覚」と「他者を敵という概念」は、リンクせず、関連もない！ただ単に、自分自身の勘違いと言うこと。これが理解できれば、憎しみの連鎖は断ち切れます。他人に教えても減らないプラスサムのブッタの知恵です。

また、ネイティブアメリカンでも、「イラっ」とする感情は、慈愛、慈しみと言うらしいです。

そして、親、兄弟姉妹は、ウザいという感情表現は、最高の慈愛、慈しみを感じてるから！らしいです。最悪、感情を自分自身で消化できないなら、物理的な距離感を大事にすればいい。ということになります。

これと似た現象に、政府の陰謀？影の政府？誰かの陰謀と具体的でない言葉で発言して自分以外の責任になすりつける人物や団体には、盲点があります。

つまり、邪悪な影の政府は具体的に発信している本人自身ということ。

なぜ？言葉の定義もなく指摘も抽象的ならその人や団体自体が最も具体的だから！

自分自身が、真の影の政府になるというパラドックス

他には・・・

ジュリオ・トノーニの意識に関する情報統合理論がある。万物には意識があるとする汎心論という考え方です。

ジュリオ・トノーニの意識に関する情報統合理論によれば、ネットワークの密度は意識（ここでは、ファイと命名している）と呼ばれる何か？の密度に関連しているということ。アトラクターパターン？トポロジー？スーパーストリング理論？

これを数値化して、方程式にしている！！

それゆえ、人間の脳内では、膨大な情報統合が行われるため高度なファイがあることになり、かなりの意識が存在します。

マウスにおいては中程度とはいえ、かなりの情報統合が行われるので相当な程度の意識があるといえます。しかし、虫や微生物や粒子レベルになると、ファイの量は低下します。情報統合の量が低下してもゼロにはなりません。

日本では、「一寸の虫にも五分の魂」という言葉もあります。

トノーニの理論によると意識の程度はまったくのゼロには、ならないのだといいます。事実上、トノーニは意識に関する基本的法則を提案しています。つまり、高度なファイには高度な意識が宿るのです。

そこには、ただ淡々と善も悪もなくて古来から有る日本の「魂」という概念みたいなことにも似ています。

＜おすすめサイト＞

キャリー・ポピー: 超自然現象に対する科学的なアプローチ

シリコン生命体についてのアイデア2019

ルネデカルトの「方法序説」についてOf Rene Descartes on “Discourse on Method”

ジム・ホルト：宇宙はどうして存在するのか？

日本テーラワーダ仏教協会

仏教と物理学

サラ・パーカック：宇宙から見た考古学

ユバル・ノア・ハラーリ：人類の台頭はいかにして起こったか？

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digitaltariq · 8 months ago

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Historic chariot grave discovered at building web site for Intel facility in Germany

German archaeologists found a fancy historic burial floor, together with a chariot grave, whereas excavating an industrial park the place building is about to start on a brand new facility for Intel, the American chip manufacturing firm. The location is close to Magdeburg, about 100 miles west of Berlin, and plans to construct two semiconductor crops on the land is supposed to start later this 12 months. Archaeologists from the State Workplace for Heritage Administration and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt have been analyzing the world within the Eulenberg municipality since 2023, and, forward of the development undertaking's begin date, realized {that a} small hill within the industrial park truly contained burial mounds relationship again to the Neolithic interval. Beneath the hill have been have been two "monumental mounds" protecting wood grave chambers with a number of burials inside, the state heritage workplace stated in a news release issued Friday. The burial websites are believed to be round 6,000 years previous and included remnants of historic rituals like a chariot grave, the place cattle have been sacrificed and buried with a human physique in a specific formation to imitate a cart with a driver or a plow pulled by the animals. Archaeologists excavate the burial web site of a person and two cattle.Oliver Dietrich / State Workplace for Heritage Administration and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt The workplace known as these new findings "spectacular" and stated they recommend that the "panorama clearly remained necessary for prehistoric individuals over a protracted time frame." Archaeologists have traced one of many two burial mounds to the Baalberg group, an historic Neolithic tradition that existed in central Germany between about 4100 an 3600 B.C.E. Two giant, trapezoidal burial chambers have been constructed from wooden contained in the mound, with a hall operating between the chambers that consultants suspect was used as a procession route by settlers within the subsequent millennium. Alongside the procession route, archaeologists discovered the stays of pairs of younger cattle that have been sacrificed and buried. In a single occasion, a grave was dug for a person, between 35 and 40 years previous, in entrance of the cattle burials to create the "chariot" picture. Ritualistic graves of this sort "symbolize that with the cattle an important possession, the safety of 1's personal livelihood, was supplied to the gods," the heritage workplace stated of their information launch. Archaeologists excavate cattle burials relationship again roughly 5,000 years.Oliver Dietrich / State Workplace for Heritage Administration and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt Archaeologists additionally found a ditch alongside the procession route and extra burial mounds within the space that date again about 4,000 years. "The consistency within the ritual use of this a part of the Eulenberg is astonishing, and the next evaluation of the finds guarantees much more fascinating insights," the heritage workplace stated. Excavations of the Eulenberg and the encompassing industrial park are set to proceed by way of April. Extra from CBS Information Emily Mae Czachor Emily Mae Czachor is a reporter and information editor at CBSNews.com. She covers breaking information, usually specializing in crime and excessive climate. Emily Mae has beforehand written for shops together with the Los Angeles Occasions, BuzzFeed and Newsweek. Read the full article

#Ancient #Archaeologist #chariot #construction #facility #Germany #grave #Intel #site

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electronalytics · 9 months ago

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PCB for Semiconductor Market Analysis, Dynamics, Players, Type, Applications, Trends, Regional Segmented, Growth Opportunities, Supply and Demand, Outlook & Forecast till 2033

The competitive analysis of the PCB for Semiconductor Market offers a comprehensive examination of key market players. It encompasses detailed company profiles, insights into revenue distribution, innovations within their product portfolios, regional market presence, strategic development plans, pricing strategies, identified target markets, and immediate future initiatives of industry leaders. This section serves as a valuable resource for readers to understand the driving forces behind competition and what strategies can set them apart in capturing new target markets.

Market projections and forecasts are underpinned by extensive primary research, further validated through precise secondary research specific to the PCB for Semiconductor Market. Our research analysts have dedicated substantial time and effort to curate essential industry insights from key industry participants, including Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), top-tier suppliers, distributors, and relevant government entities.

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Global PCB for Semiconductor Market: By Company • TTM Technologies • Sumitomo Denko • Daeduck Group • Zhen Ding Group • Unimicron • DSBJ • Millennium Circuits Limited • Tripod • IBIDEN CO • MEIKO ELECTRONICS Co Global PCB for Semiconductor Market: By Type • Rigid PCB • Flexible PCB Global PCB for Semiconductor Market: By Application • Load Board • Probe Card • Burn-In Board

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#PCB for Semiconductor Market #PCB for Semiconductor

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libbylayla1984 · 8 months ago

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Forget Nvidia: Billionaire Investors Are Selling It and Buying These 2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Stocks Instead

Baidu and Amazon emerge as top choices for billionaire investors in the AI space

Wall Street is always buzzing with the next big trend or innovation that captures the attention of investors. Currently, the spotlight is on artificial intelligence (AI), a technology that has the potential to revolutionize various industries. AI involves the use of software and systems to perform tasks that are typically handled by humans.

The incorporation of machine learning allows AI systems to evolve and become more efficient over time.

A recent report by PwC predicts that AI will contribute $15.7 trillion to the global economy by the end of the decade. This includes a $6.6 trillion increase in productivity and a $9.1 trillion boost from consumption-side effects.

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Billionaire money managers are selling Nvidia

Despite being considered the face of the AI movement, semiconductor stock Nvidia (NASDAQ: NVDA) is facing a sell-off from billionaire investors. Form 13F filings reveal that eight prominent billionaires, including Israel Englander of Millenium Management and Jeff Yass of Susquehanna International, have been reducing their holdings in Nvidia.

Nvidia's A100 and H100 graphics processing units (GPUs) are widely used in high-compute data centers, making it a crucial player in the AI infrastructure. However, the company faces growing competition from Intel and Advanced Micro Devices, as well as potential internal competition from its own top customers, such as Microsoft and Amazon, who are developing their own AI chips.

Regulatory headwinds, including export restrictions to China, pose additional challenges for Nvidia. These restrictions could significantly impact the company's sales in a key market.

Furthermore, Nvidia's valuation has reached unprecedented levels, comparable to the dot-com bubble. This has raised concerns among investors, leading to the sell-off.

Baidu emerges as a top AI stock for billionaire investors

China-based Baidu (NASDAQ: BIDU) has attracted the attention of billionaire investors as an alternative to Nvidia. During the fourth quarter, eight billionaires, including Jeff Yass of Susquehanna International and Israel Englander of Millennium Management, increased their positions in Baidu.

Baidu's utilization of AI can be seen in its cloud and intelligent driving segments. The company's AI Cloud allows merchants to personalize ads using generative AI solutions. Additionally, Baidu's Apollo Go autonomous ride-hailing service has accumulated over 5 million rides on public roads, showcasing the company's AI capabilities.

What sets Baidu apart from Nvidia is its foundational operating segment, its dominant internet search engine. Baidu has consistently held a significant share of China's internet search market, providing a strong source of ad-pricing power in various economic climates.

Moreover, Baidu's valuation is considerably lower than that of Nvidia, with a forward-year price-to-earnings ratio of 8 and a trailing-12-month price-to-sales ratio of less than 2. This attractive valuation makes Baidu an appealing choice for billionaire investors.

Amazon is another AI stock favored by billionaire investors

Amazon, one of the "Magnificent Seven" components, has also caught the attention of billionaire investors as an AI stock. During the fourth quarter, eight successful billionaires, including Ken Griffin of Citadel Advisors and Jim Simons of Renaissance Technologies, increased their positions in Amazon.

Amazon incorporates AI solutions across its various operations. The company uses generative AI within its cloud infrastructure services platform, Amazon Web Services, to personalize advertising and improve the quality of product listings for merchants.

While Amazon is widely known for its e-commerce platform, the majority of its cash flow comes from ancillary operations such as AWS, subscription services, and advertising services. AWS, in particular, is a major driver of Amazon's cash flow, accounting for two-thirds of its operating income.

From a valuation standpoint, Amazon is historically cheap compared to Nvidia. With a price-to-cash-flow ratio of less than 13, Amazon offers a 44% discount to its average multiple over the past five years.

As the AI revolution continues to unfold, billionaire investors are making strategic moves in the market. While Nvidia has been the face of the AI movement, its valuation, growing competition, and regulatory challenges have prompted billionaire investors to sell their holdings. Instead, they are turning to alternative AI stocks like Baidu and Amazon.

Baidu's strong position in China's internet search market and attractive valuation make it an appealing choice. Meanwhile, Amazon's diverse operations and historically low valuation provide investors with confidence in its long-term prospects.

Ultimately, the AI landscape is constantly evolving, and investors must carefully consider the risks and opportunities associated with each stock. However, the choices made by billionaire investors offer valuable insights into the potential winners in the AI space.

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preetiraina · 2 years ago

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We Are The Best Electronic Components Distributor In India

Millennium Semiconductors India Private Limited is one of the fastest-growing distributors of electronic components in India. In 1995, “Millennium Semiconductors India Private Limited” was established by Mr. Haresh Abichandani in Pune as “Haresh Enterprises”. We have always been committed to offering the broadest selection of in-stock electronic components, as well as providing the best service possible to our customers.

Electronic component distributors play an important role in the supply chain that provides manufacturers of electronic equipment with the components they need, particularly surface mount components, leaded components, and semiconductor devices of different sorts.

As an organization, we are committed to providing our clients with the newest components as soon as possible. We have specialized staff for research and development, made up of qualified experts who create creative solutions to offer our customers prompt and effective service.

Today, Millennium has grown exponentially and is a leading distributor of Electronic Components across India. The range of our services has expanded to demand creation, supply-chain to design support along with core distribution. We have branch offices in Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Chennai, and Mumbai in India and overseas offices in Singapore and Shenzhen (China).

You can visit our official website millenniumsemi.com for more complete information.

#electronic component distributors #electronic distributors

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just-your-local-system · 5 years ago

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Copyright Law of the United States This publication contains the text of title 17 of the United States Code, including all amendments enacted by Congress through June 30, 2016. It includes the Copyright Act of 1976 and all subsequent amendments to copyright law; the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984, as amended; and the Vessel Hull Design Protection Act, as amended. The Copyright Office is responsible for registering intellectual property claims under all three. The United States copyright law is contained in chapters 1 through 8 and 10 through 12 of title 17 of the United States Code. The Copyright Act of 1976, which provides the basic framework for the current copyright law, was enacted on October 19, 1976, as Pub. L. No. 94-553, 90 Stat. 2541. The 1976 Act was a comprehensive revision of the copyright law in title 17. Listed below in chronological order of their enactment are the Copyright Act of 1976 and subsequent amendments to title 17. Chapters 9 and 13 of title 17 contain two types of design protection that are independent of copyright protection. Chapter 9 of title 17 is the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984 (SCPA), as amended. The SCPA was enacted as title III of Pub. L. No. 98-620, 98 Stat. 3335, 3347, on November 8, 1984. Chapter 13 of title 17 is the Vessel Hull Design Protection Act (VHDPA), as amended. The VHDPA was enacted on October 28, 1998, as title V of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), Pub. L. No. 105-304, 112 Stat. 2860, 2905. Subsequent amendments to the title 17 provisions for SCPA and the VHDPA are also included in the list below, in chronological order of their enactment. The copyright law of the United States grants monopoly protection for "original works of authorship".[1][2] With the stated purpose to promote art and culture, copyright law assigns a set of exclusive rights to authors: to make and sell copies of their works, to create derivative works, and to perform or display their works publicly. These exclusive rights are subject to a time limit, and generally expire 70 years after the author's death. In the United States, any work published before January 1, 1925, is generally considered public domain. United States copyright law was last generally revised by the Copyright Act of 1976, codified in Title 17 of the United States Code. The United States Constitution explicitly grants Congress the power to create copyright law under Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8, known[3] as the Progress Clause. Under the Copyright Clause, Congress has the power, "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries."[4] The United States Copyright Office handles copyright registration, recording of copyright transfers, and other administrative aspects of copyright law.[5] Purpose of copyright “ The Congress shall have Power [...] to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries. ” — United States Constitution The goal of copyright law, as set forth in the Copyright Clause of the US Constitution, is "to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries."[6] This includes incentivizing the creation of art, literature, architecture, music, and other works of authorship. As with many legal doctrines, the effectiveness of copyright law in achieving its stated purpose is a matter of debate.[7] source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States

only a few that i know

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millenniumsemiconductors · 2 years ago

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Millennium partners with some of the best suppliers of Reed switches that include Hamlin (Littelfuse) and PIC and Hall Switches Melexis, ROHM, UTC, Infineon, Littelfuse to name a few. For more information, connect with Millennium Semiconductors at +91 9130015701 or write an email to [email protected].

Visit https://semiconductorsmillennium.medium.com/how-to-decide-what-to-choose-between-reed-switches-and-hall-switches-2c8b76da0d03

#reedswitches

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millenniumsemi · 1 year ago

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Millennium Semiconductors: Your IGBT Power Modules Partner!

Looking for the best IGBT power modules distributor? Look no further! Millennium Semiconductors is your one-stop destination for top-quality IGBT power modules that will supercharge your projects!

Why Choose Millennium Semiconductors?

Wide Range: Discover an extensive collection of IGBT power modules to suit your specific needs and applications.

Premium Quality: Trust in our commitment to delivering only the highest quality products, ensuring reliability and longevity.

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Global Reach: Millennium Semiconductors proudly serves clients worldwide, providing exceptional distribution services on a global scale.

Expert Support: Our team of experts is always ready to assist you in finding the perfect IGBT power modules for your projects.

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Trusted Partner: Count on Millennium Semiconductors as your trusted partner for all your IGBT power module needs.

#IGBT Power Modules #Millennium Semiconductors

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millenniumsemiconductors00 · 4 months ago

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Top Applications of BLDC Controllers in Modern Appliances

BLDC Controllers have revolutionized the efficiency and performance of modern appliances across various industries. These controllers are integral to enhancing the functionality and energy efficiency of appliances through precise motor control.

One of the primary applications of BLDC Controllers is in household appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines. By controlling the speed and torque of the motor with high precision, BLDC Controllers ensure quieter operation, reduced energy consumption, and longer lifespan compared to traditional brushed motors.

In the automotive sector, BLDC Controllers play a critical role in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles. These controllers manage the propulsion systems, ensuring smooth acceleration and regenerative braking. They contribute significantly to extending the driving range and improving overall vehicle efficiency.

Moreover, BLDC Controllers are widely used in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems for precise control of fans and compressors. This application helps in optimizing energy consumption and maintaining comfort levels in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.

Millennium Semiconductors offers advanced BLDC Controllers that are tailored to meet the stringent demands of modern appliance applications. Their controllers are renowned for their reliability, efficiency, and innovative features, making Millennium Semiconductors a preferred choice in the industry.

In conclusion, the versatility and efficiency of BLDC Controllers make them indispensable in enhancing the performance, energy efficiency, and operational reliability of various modern appliances across different sectors.

#bldc controller

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autosites · 3 years ago

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New Car Registration Data July 2021

Data for new car registrations suggest that growth is stunted due to shortages.

There were c 123,000 cars registered in July, which represent the weakest performance since before the millennium. Because of supply chain shortages and the impact of the ‘pingdemic’, the annual outlook has now resulted in units being revised down to 1.82 million.

Electric, ‘plug in’ demand has experienced an uptake, however. In July, the figures demonstrated an upturn of 17.1%, resulting in 21,038 units being registered. This type of vehicle is now on target to exceed more than one in six new acquisitions in 2021. They account for some 9% of registrations, with plug in hybrid vehicle data figures closely following at 8%.

New car registration data suggests that in July 2021 registrations declined by 29.5%, a figure of 123,296 units. This reduction was exaggerated in comparison to July 2020, when there was a substantial increase in registrations. This difference was caused by a full month of as dealers had just reopened, following the first lock down in 2020. Effectively giving them a full month of trading.

In July, all new car segments were in decline. The UK’s most popular type of vehicle remains the supermini, followed by the lower medium sector and dual purpose (32.9%, 28%, and 27.3 % respectively). The decline was limited to larger fleet operators. With 61,140 units sold, this represented 27.8% reduction over the recorded average within the past decade.

As one would expect, private registrations illustrated a lesser decline of -10.7% (59,841 units). Average recorded private registrations in July 2010-2019 were 67,046.

It was the weakest July prior to the introduction of the split plate system, which was introduced in 1998 (July 1998 registrations: 37,896).

The outlook for the UK economy is looking more positive, the bulk of economic indicators are suggesting that sentiment is weighted toward spending, this includes bigger ticket items. However the pandemic has given way to supply challenges and this will have the effect of restricting growth. Especially, given that August is traditionally a dry month for vehicle registrations. Quarter 4 should see growth tentatively return.

Revising forecasts down is a prudent measure. New car registration data is expected to reach c 1.82 million units in 2021. This represents an uplift of 11.7% on 2020, but it is shy of the forecasted 1.8 million predicted in April. It is also down -21.8% on new car market averages, recorded over the past decade (average annual registrations for 2010-2019: 2,330,307).

On a more positive note, given a continuation of momentum in the electric vehicle market – it is estimated that EV’s will account for 9.5% of vehicle registrations by the end of 2021. Plug in Hybrids are expected to make up 6.5% of the UK market. As a collective, a total of c290,000 upon completion of the year.

In conclusion, the sector continues to face challenges with staff levels, as well as semiconductor shortages.

This makes it difficult to demonstrate strength, and improve the outlook to indicate a full recovery. There may be more light at the end of the tunnel for staffing with changes to self isolation protocols, but the semiconductor issue doesn’t look like it will be solved in the immediate.

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ramshariraut · 3 years ago

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Laparoscopic Instrument System Market 2021 is Booming Across the Globe by Segments, Share, Size, Growth and Forecast to 2028

Global Laparoscopic Instrument System Market, Geography (North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), South America (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia), Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)) Industry Trends 2021-2028

Market Overview Illustrative analysis of critical sides such as resulting factors and competitive landscape are conveyed with the help of significant resources, such as charts, tables, graphs. The report executes a deep investigation of drivers and restraints operating in the market. The report also evaluates the trends observed in the parent market, along with the macro-economic indicators, prevailing factors, and market appeal according to different segments. The report also estimates the effect of different industrial sides on the Laparoscopic Instrument System market divisions and regions. The research also divides the Laparoscopic Instrument System Market on the basis of end-user, product type, application, and demography for the forecast period 2021–2028.

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Methodology The conditions influencing the market dynamics are considered and studied and examined to prepare an accurate report. In the report preparation process mainly two types of approaches are made- primary research approach and secondary research approach. In the primary research approach, both the supply and demand chain are interviewed where the supply chain consists of product, opinion leaders, etc. while the demand chain consists of industry experts. The secondary research approach involves various secondary sources like press releases, government agencies, and other commercial aspects of the market.

Report Summary Preparing a business report on Laparoscopic Instrument System is the most important of all information-based writing because most of the business decisions are related to the organization after the evaluation of the situation as per the report. They are responsible for the documentation of the progress of the business and also serve several important purposes. The ability to write reports, quickly, and accurately is one of the key requirements of managers at every level. The reports allow them to convey vital information to subordinates and superiors. . The report on Laparoscopic Instrument System prepared by us serves as a medium for understanding important business elements at the industrial and managerial level. Our report-making services entail flexible payment modes and budget-friendly rates.

Market segmentation The study splits the industry into a variety of sub-segments and thus represents the whole market. In addition, an estimate of the sales figures for the entire industry and its sub-segments are given in this report. It determines the variables that rapidly influence the market, including manufacturing methods and methodologies, channels for growth, and the product model. The report also outlines some of the biggest development opportunities, the introduction of the new products, market prediction, and forecasting, numerous economic factors that are key in deciding the Laparoscopic Instrument System market pattern, buying decisions, and market attractiveness. The report would help stakeholders such as producers and distributors in finding and capturing high-potential markets. The research also addresses various environmental and regulatory critical factors.

Growth Mapping contains reason behind this report is to give a growth map with respect to the activities taken by key participants of the Laparoscopic Instrument System market like item delivery, joint ventures, influencing the Laparoscopic Instrument System market and undertaking in general and furthermore influencing the business, import, fare, income and CAGR values. The report conveys the overall current realities about market definition, orders, applications, and commitment for the Laparoscopic Instrument System market that are basic lead the market. The report moreover combines the overall organization profiles of the top players referred and also reflecting the drivers and limitations of the market with the support of SWOT analysis.

Top Listed Companies in the Laparoscopic Instrument System Market Include

B.Braun,Bharat Surgical Co.,Unimax Medical,Medtronic,Bovie Medical,Erbe,Xodus Medical Inc,LaproSurge,Lagis Endosurgical,Elite Medical,Aesculap,GÃ¼nter Bissinger Medizintechnik,Millennium Surgical Corp,Maxer Endoscopy,Angiodynamics,LiNA Medical,Medline Industries,HEBUmedical,EMED,MEGADYNE,Rudolf Medical,Mediflex Surgical Products,REGER Medizintechnik GmbH,Purple Surgical,Surgical Innovations,OPTEC Endoscopy Systems,MetroMed Healthcare,Shining World Health Care,Olympus America

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Regional Analysis Different regions of the world such as North America, Latin America, the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, and India, China, and Australia have been analyzed on the basis of various parameters that would benefit the development of the market in the area. It contains the territorial as well as the wide level investigation of the market. It was observed that North America and Asia-pacific countries have shown impressive development opportunities in their region. Asia-Pacific nations due to such a large population in the area could be the prime region for developing a fully flourishing market full of consumer and low-cost labor. However, Europe, being a region of most developed countries seems to be lagging in the survey due to its climatic-driven guidelines which will affect the new settlement of the market.

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Frequently Asked Questions? Q1. What is the total market value of the Laparoscopic Instrument System market report? Q2. What would be the forecast period in the Laparoscopic Instrument System market report? Q3. What is the base year considered in the Laparoscopic Instrument System market report? Q4. Which are the top companies hold the market share in the Laparoscopic Instrument System market ? Q5. Which is expected to be the fastest growing segment in the Laparoscopic Instrument System market? Q6. Which market holds the maximum market share of the Laparoscopic Instrument System market ? Q7. How the company profile has been selected? Q8. What will be the market value of the Laparoscopic Instrument System market in 2028?

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Company Name - Statistify Market Research Office Address - 156, Sector 9 Vasundhra Aptts Rohini, New Delhi 110085 IN Telephone Numbers - (+44) 162-237-1047 (+44) 162-237-1047 Email ID - <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> Contact Us – <a href="https://www.statistifymarketresearch.com/contact-us/">https://www.statistifymarketresearch.com/contact-us/</a>

#Europe Laparoscopic Instrument System Market France Laparoscopic Instrument System Market Germany Laparoscopic Instrument System Market I

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xtruss · 3 years ago

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Europe Looks to Go It Alone on Microchips Amid US-China Clash

Europe wants no part of a new Cold War and is seeking its own chip champions to avoid getting drawn in.

While Europe is a heavyweight at making planes and cars, it is a minnow when it comes to the chips that are vital to swaths of high-end manufacturing | Guillaume Souvant/AFP via Getty Images

— By Laurens Cerulus And Jakob Hanke Vela | POLITICO.EU | February 19, 2021

Europe is caught in the middle of an increasingly political showdown over microchips between the U.S. and China and is scrambling to get out of the firing line.

While Europe is a heavyweight at making planes and cars, it is a minnow when it comes to the chips that are vital to swaths of high-end manufacturing.

Europe accounts for only about 10 percent of the world's chip industry, and the Continent is poorly prepared for supply shocks. In the past few weeks, politicians and businessmen in Brussels, Paris and Berlin were caught off guard by how quickly supply disruptions in the semiconductor industry reduced output at the crucial car industry.

The calculus for Europe on this vulnerability is as much political as it is economic, and has laid bare Europe's dependence on America's top-end chipmakers.

The U.S. has already restricted the supply of its premium semiconductor products to Chinese companies such as Huawei, sparking fears among European businesses about how far Washington will go to keep key U.S. chip technology out of China. For EU companies trading with China and manufacturing there, the chief concern is that they could be caught up in this fight and be frozen out of irreplaceable U.S. semiconductor supply markets by export controls.

A separate shock to the car sector’s supply of chips has heightened alarm about Europe’s reliance on foreign players in past weeks, with semiconductor manufacturers, especially in Asia, failing to keep up with demand.

This shortage of chips has caused disruption at Volkswagen's headquarters in Wolfsburg — one of the largest car plants in the world. It's also being felt at factories across Europe, and carmaker CEOs expect that the problem will continue through the first half of this year.

“The semiconductor supply bottleneck resulting from the rapid recovery of automotive markets is causing significant disruptions in global vehicle production for various manufacturers,” VW said on Friday.

Semiconductor makers have been racing to satisfy demand from the lucrative consumer electronics industry in the coronavirus pandemic as the auto market sagged, creating a supply crunch.

This week, European policymakers identified the chip shortages as a key strategic concern and presented plans to deal with it.

"There is currently a game underway between the United States and China … and it is likely to continue to get tougher," the EU's Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton told reporters this week. "We in Europe intend to play our full part in this new geostrategic game of chess."

"I say it clearly, in the coming years we will see a certain number of tensions ... in the field of semiconductors, that can have implications, including geopolitical ones," Breton added. "In fact, we can already see that ... We see it in particular with the large Chinese companies that today suffer from the lack of these components, so let's not be naïve."

France's Economy Minister Bruno Le Maire, speaking alongside Breton, said Europe "wants to be an industry power. We want to be an independent Continent when it comes to technology." He added Europe's reliance on foreign suppliers "is excessive and unacceptable. It makes us vulnerable. It weakens our production chains today [since] tens of thousands of cars are not produced for lack of electronic components."

On Tuesday, Germany and France published a paper calling for "a first set of measures" to "reduce, where relevant, strategic dependencies." It follows earlier support from Berlin to set up a joint European industrial project, and diplomatic efforts by the European Commission to launch an "alliance" of companies and governments to pour money into the semiconductor industry.

German tech lobby Bitkom said its members feared they were too dependent on foreign suppliers and universally backed initiatives for greater digital sovereignty. Some 94 percent wanted Germany to push for the EU to be on a level with China and the U.S., according to a poll of 1,100 medium and large companies released on Thursday.

The Commission even has dreams of setting up a leading factory for the most sophisticated chips — though industry officials have greeted that idea with skepticism.

All Out of Chips

The chip supply chain ran into a storm last year.

Under the Trump administration, China hawks in Washington identified the chip sector as an Achilles' heel in China's rise. While Beijing has proven successful in its strategies to overtake rivals on technologies like smartphones, solar panels, consumer tech, artificial intelligence technologies and more, the country has struggled to replicate or acquire some of the cutting-edge technologies needed to produce the most advanced microchips.

The Americans moved in on the weak spot. U.S. officials slapped new restrictions on chipmakers doing business with China's telecoms giant Huawei in May 2020. In December, Washington barred U.S. chip designers from doing business with China's state-owned manufacturer SMIC.

These measures took place in a world thrown into turmoil by the coronavirus pandemic. Demand for microchips for consumer products like computer screens, headphones, laptops and smartphones soared while car sales collapsed, prompting carmakers to cancel chip orders.

But Europe's car factories quickly found themselves short of chips with no capacity to produce them.

“Volkswagen has to make sure that wafer and semiconductor manufacturers also know our needs," the company said.

The car industry's worries extend beyond the immediate impact of the pandemic on their supply chains. Consumer electronics and telecoms products are expected to boom in coming years and the small, cutting-edge chips that power these devices are more profitable for chip manufacturers to make.

The crisis has pointed to the reliance on U.S. chip designers and Taiwanese manufacturers to keep up with global demand.

Breton's Clash With Industry

Buffeted by the U.S. and China trade war more generally, EU countries and officials in Brussels are cooking up wide-reaching plans for EU "strategic autonomy" and to reshore everything from masks and vaccines to lithium batteries.

Now chip factories are also part of those plans, spurred by the supply shortage.

Breton said that both French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel support his work to set up an "alliance for semiconductors" that would support local chip firms and would also funnel public cash into building up production capacity in Europe. The alliance would be launched as soon as April, officials involved in the work said earlier.

In a presentation given to national diplomats by the Commission earlier this month, and seen by POLITICO, officials promised funding from its Recovery and Resilience Facility to rebuild the economy after the pandemic. It also sought support from national capitals to set up an Important Project of Common European Interest (IPCEI) on microchips, a special funding scheme to allow state aid to critical technologies and industries.

That IPCEI already won support from the German government earlier this month. “We want Germany and Europe to become more sovereign and independent of imports when it comes to microelectronics and communication technologies," German Economy Minister Peter Altmaier said when announcing the government's intention to join the scheme.

Europe does have some leaders in niche parts of the supply chain. Dutch chip printing equipment-maker ASML holds a global monopoly on the machines that enable foundries to print the latest generations of microchips. And firms like the Dutch-American NXP and German Infineon lead in designing chips for sectors including automotive.

But for Breton, Europe's autonomy will depend on having a leading-edge factory too.

"We must give ourselves the means to be autonomous on this chain," he said, with the ambition to manufacture the tiny chips used in smartphones and other high tech.

But that's where the European commissioner could lose support of its leading industry players, insiders warn.

Breton’s idea of a foundry that manufactures the most sophisticated generations of chips “is a bridge too far," said one industry official who is involved in discussions with European governments. "The gap is pretty wide between what Breton has in mind and what the industry can deliver without committing financial suicide."

Instead of the smallest-scale chips, Europe's car industry and other key sectors instead could use a factory that produces slightly larger semiconductors, industry experts said.

"The European ambition gets bigger and bigger by the quarter. It started as the project of the decade, now it's become the project of the century and soon it'll be the project of the millennium," the official said. "Meanwhile, we are forgetting to take the first step."

Mark Scott, Joshua Posaner and Stuart Lau contributed reporting.

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