#metoclopramide uses

[palepersonacoffee]

💜for the ask game?

💜 What is your favourite fantasy involving detrans/misgen?

My doctor decides I'd be be better off as a girl. Of course, if I knew that that's what they thought, I would switch doctors, so they don't tell me. Instead, they trick me into detransitioning- They tell me that my T levels are abnormally high, so I need to take a lower dose to get me back on track. After all, extra testosterone in the body turns into estradiol or something right? We don't want that. So they halve my dose indefinitely, and send me to a therapist that's in on the game. I think the therapist is kind of weird, but I don't want my mental health to take a turn because I'm sad about my lower dose.

The next appointment I go in to see the doctor, they tell me to take my shirt off. I ask why, and they gaslight me into thinking it's so they can check my health somehow- but they don't do it right away. I sit there on the table covering my chest up while they talk about the new drugs they're prescribing me. I don't think about anything but how humiliated I am- Whats Flibanserin? What's domperidone? What's Metoclopramide? What's topamax and why is the dose on that so high? I don't know and I'm not paying attention. I'm just desperately wishing I could put my shirt back on. When theyre finished listing off all the new medications I need to take, the brush my hands put of the way where I was covering up like it's the most normal thing in the world. They start squeezing my tits, massaging them, pinching and pulling and jiggling. I'm squeezing my eyes shut wishing it was over.

My next appointment, I'm really confused for some reason. Dizzy and stupid and dim. The therapist has been having me undress to talk about my trauma because somehow that's going to help me, so it's not weird that the doctor is having me undress now. They finger my sloppy cunt while they tell me that I need to stop taking testosterone entirely, it's very dangerous for me. I try to ask why but I'm so out of it, they just brush right over me. They put me on estrogen and I don't even notice. They tell me that to keep myself healthy, I need to start pumping my breasts. There's yucky stuff in there and I need to get it all out every night before I can start taking T again. They up my dose on everything. They tell me I can go ahead and leave my boxers and jeans and binder with them, I don't need them, they need to make sure I'm not using them to hurt myself. Oh, here's the breast pump I need btw. Start immediately.

My next appointment, I'm basically brainless. The therapist had to drop me off. Why was the therapist driving me around places again? What happened to all my boy clothes? Why are my tits so big? I can't remember. I don't have the brainpower to think about it for very long. The doctor doesn't even bother talking to me other than to tell me to strip. They press something big into my wet vagina, so big it's uncomfortable and I can't close my legs around it. Somehow, maybe using a medical glue, they make sure it stays inside me. Then they start fingerings my ass open, and do the same there. They tell me it's unsafe for me to be alone, but luckily there's a clinic near here that can help me. I need to be admitted ASAP. I look ridiculous when they finally let me stand up from where I was bent over the examination table, I can't even walk right. I waddle around, crab walking because I can't close my legs around the things inside me. They don't say anything when they pry my mouth open to stuff something inside there, either- I don't realize it, but it's my old boxers. They expect me to just stupidly take it without any explanation, and I do. They tell me to step into the closet over there and they shut the door behind me, locking me in until the end of their shift. I can hear them starting the same thing with another confused girl, but I cant make any noise to warn them. I wouldn't know what was even happening anyways. I can barely articulate my own name. When their shift is finally over, they take me to the clinic- It's just their house.

[venus-haze]

Silver Platter (Firecracker x Starlight)

Summary: Day 13 - Abduction/Imprisonment. Firecracker thinks she knows what she wants to do with Annie January until she actually has her. [AO3 link]

Note: Written for @cozycornerevents Kinktober. Extremely toxic yuri probably no one asked for! This takes place post-season 4.

Word count: 1k

Warnings: Power imbalances all around. Internalized homophobia, dubious consent, metoclopramide side effects (lactation), canon typical violence.

“Well done, Firecracker,” Homelander said, his praise, laced with an obvious surprise at her success, nothing short of music to her ears. “You caught Starlight, that just leaves us William Butcher.”

“It was the least I could do.”

“No good deed goes unpunished, so,” he began, tilting his head, considering what was to follow, “whatever you want, anything, it’s yours.”

Anything. Like she gave him. And now…she wanted something earth-shattering. Biblical.

“I want Starlight’s head on a platter. A–A silver platter.”

He raised his eyebrows, only for a moment before conceding with a casual, “Done.”

She bowed her head solemnly. “Thank you, sir.” 

“I assume you’d like the honors.”

“Sir?”

“Of beheading Starlight, of course.”

She could feel herself trembling. Almost wanted to kiss his hand. A man like that, fulfilling every dream, every wish she once thought was out of reach, deserved that and so much more. 

Instead, with a quivering voice and tears in her eyes, breathed, “Of course.”

She wanted to do it live, give that prissy bitch a taste of her own medicine after pummeling her in front of God-fearing America. But it’d only embolden the Starlighters, wouldn’t fit right with the law-and-order facade Homelander was trying so hard to maintain with his regime. No, she’d go on the air the following morning and proudly proclaim Starlight had been apprehended and was being held in custody indefinitely.

She started coughing as her heartbeat faster, held onto the wall to steady herself.

The doctor who gave her the metoclopramide prescription in the first place warned her about the side effects. But an enlarged heart and flu-like symptoms were nothing compared to being in The Seven, having Homelander’s praise and approval, such a special, intimate bond with him that no one else did. Not even Sage.

For as much as any of them doubted Firecracker, she was damn good at digging up people’s dirt, Homelander’s included—not that she’d ever dream of using what she knew to hurt him. He saved her. Just like she gave purpose to the nobodies who listened to her show, he did the same for her. Better than Jesus, because he was real. Her prayers didn’t fall on empty ears because he was there and he answered her. Her lips to Homelander’s ears. Rewarded her so generously for her devotion and sacrifice.

He made her the voice of America, the face of Vought News Network, from a homegrown podcast to being broadcast in nearly every home in the nation. Families woke up to Firecracker, hearing her spread the good word that Homelander wanted her to. Boogeymen were around every corner, but superheroes were strong, capable, there to ensure law and order for the masses.

Didn’t matter whether or not she believed what she was saying, fear-mongering about whatever new enemy the marketing team conjured up. She was somebody. And after being nobody for so long, she’d be dead before she gave it up.

Firecracker would never get tired of walking into her suite at Vought Tower. It was perfect, everything she’d ever thrown together on a “Dream Home” Pinterest board. Annie January, tied up and powerless in the middle of her living room was icing on the cake.

She grinned, couldn’t help the slight song in her voice when she mockingly asked, “Well, look who we have here.”

“Please let me go,” Starlight tried weakly.

She still looked worse for wear, ragged and bruised, but being on the run had left her vulnerable, how Firecracker was able to get the edge on her in the first place. 

“Fat chance.”

“Misty, I’m sorry,” she said.

“I’m not—“ A coughing fit cut her off, leaving her gasping for air. Fish out of water just like she was at those fucking pageants. She tried so hard. Thought being sweet and enthusiastic would be enough to win them over. But not her. Not trailer trash Misty Gray. “I’m not Misty. My name’s Firecracker. You best remember that, bitch.”

“Firecracker, there’s no excuse for what I said to you or how I treated you back then. It was awful, and there’s no one to blame but me. You don’t have to accept my apology, but I want to offer it to you anyway.”

“It doesn’t matter. I’m still gonna kill you, and I’m gonna love every second of it.”

Seeing Annie January cry wasn’t as satisfying as she thought it’d be. Such a pretty girl breaking down in front of her made her fucked up heart ache. Licking her lips, Firecracker wrestled with her own conscience, quickly coming to the conclusion that Annie would be dead soon, so no one would know, wouldn’t matter if she just did it.

She kissed her, more desperate than soothing, not entirely surprised when Starlight tensed at the gesture, but startled when she kissed her back. Even as her prisoner, Annie was perfect, her soft lips tasted almost like strawberry chapstick, it was everything she shamefully fantasized about. But when she went to deepen the kiss, claim Annie’s mouth further, her breasts ached and she could feel herself leaking, panic rushing through her as milk dripped onto Annie.

Firecracker pulled away, covering her chest with her arms.

“Don’t look—don’t fucking look!” she shouted frantically. ”It’s for him!”

“What—what are you?” Annie’s eyes widened. “You mean Homelander? You’re—why destroy yourself for him?”

“You wouldn’t understand. You’ve had everything handed to you and you threw it back in the world’s face—your powers, being in The Seven—you had everything.”

“I know you’re scared, Firecracker. I can help you, if you just let me go—”

“Ain’t that a nice thought,” she spat.

It was too late. The damage to her body was done. Annie reaching out, offering this olive branch at the eleventh hour. Didn’t bother when Firecracker was a nobody. She only mattered when Homelander made her important, someone to be feared and respected rather than ridiculed.

With a shaky breath, Firecracker leaned in, tempted to kiss Starlight again. Instead, she muttered, “Count your days, bitch.”

[doomspaniels]

The Lady of the Hour, Guinevere! Gwyn has had her long-awaited evaluation at the big teaching hospital. And folks, we have GOOD HELP, a PLAN, and NEW MEDS!

The internal medicine vet thinks we're looking at painful stretching of the bowel to cope with delayed gastric motility of some kind (he said, something similar to IBS-C but that's not diagnosable in dogs), and so going to improve gastric motility (meds similar to metoclopramide, but stronger) and soften the poop in the bowel with lactulose.

Getting there, however, took a looooong wait. To our astonishment, Tristan stepped up and worked hard on setting a good example for Gwyn. He booped her frequently, then would ostentatiously settle near her, inviting her to settle with him, and it kept working. (though she would jump up any time her Short-Attention-Spaniel was tickled by sounds or sights around us)

Eventually, of course, they "took Gwyn back" for tests, at which point Tristan became distressed and kept trying to go around to where she disappeared. He strongly disapproved of these strangers taking his baby sister. He did finally settle and snooze a little (and we played with some adorable cavaliers in the waiting room!)

LOOK AT THE PRECIOUS BOY.

At last my baby was returned to me, we got the aforementioned advice, and now we're home to implement the new meds. Awright!

[nerdgirlnarrates]

It's battle of the macrolides for this matchup! Both these meds work by binding the 50S subunit of ribosomes, preventing translation. So who's better?

Azithromycin: The most prescribed anti-microbial in the US. It's a derivative of erythromycin with improved gram negative coverage as well as gram positive and atypicals coverage. Azithromycin's main game is the lungs, where it's useful for almost every pneumonia as well as COPD exacerbations; it's even used off-label as post-transplant prophylaxis for bronchiolitis obliterans. It is also considered to be safer than erythromycin with fewer adverse cardiac effects.

Erythromycin: Erythromycin has some unique applications, such as prophylaxis for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, for which it is the only FDA-approved drug. However, its efficacy in this role has been called into question recently, with some--like the Canadian Paediatric Society--calling for a shift to maternal screening instead. Another unique application is as a treatment for gastroparesis. Though it's far from first line (and the American College of Gastroenterologists 2023 clinical guidelines for gastroparesis treatment don't even recommend it), it's been used off-label for gastroparesis since the 1990s. It was the first macrolide demonstrated to be a motilin receptor agonist, and so it became a favored alternative to metoclopramide. There are no randomized trials as of yet directly comparing the efficacy of azithromycin and erythromycin for gastroparesis, and so erythromycin remains the favorite by default. Unfortunately, it is more likely to prolong the QT interval than azithromycin.

P.S. for more fun, check out this paper on 10 controversies in gastroparesis

Vote for the best antibiotic

[headpainmigraine]

Migraine isn’t a Headache Part Five: make it go away

I wanted to put something about getting diagnosed before I started to address medication, but the spoons to put my diagnosis journey together down on paper are much more than this section, so I’m skipping it until later.

(We’re out of Migraine Awareness Month now, but we are getting into Disability Pride Month, and chronic migraine is a disability, so!)

Treatment for Migraine can be divided into ACUTE and PREVENTATIVE

(and within that, can be divided into ‘medical’ and ‘complimentary’)

Acute treatment includes medication that treats the pain when you’re starting or having a migraine, like triptans, and methods you use to handle the pain, like cold packs

Preventative treatment aims to stop the migraine happening, so that you don’t need to use acute treatments.

Up until very recently (2021) there were no preventative treatments for migraine that were made specifically for migraine (until 2021)

(2021)

(That was three years ago.)

(Yeah)

Every other medication prescribed had originally been designed for something else.

As a result, you’ll find that a lot of suggested migraine preventative treatments are drugs used to treat things like high blood pressure, seizures and mental health issues like depression and psychosis – dosage makes all the difference.

This isn’t because they believe the cause of your migraine to be high blood pressure, or mental illness, but because the drugs also work to mitigate migraines – I’m only highlighting that because I’ve seen it suggested that when a doctor prescribes an antidepressant for migraines, it’s because they’re treating depression – this isn’t true.

Even botox was first used in beauty treatments before they discovered that women who had it also experienced a reduction in their migraines.

There have been no medications made specifically for migraine until the last couple of years, which is a crazy state of affairs.

And, even now, the meds that are coming out for migraine (CGRP mAb injections -nabs and -gepants) aren’t widely available, and not at all in some countries (India, for example). We don’t yet have access to the exciting new -gepant drugs in the UK.

(EDIT: As of 31st May 2023 we MIGHT be getting access to them! Exciting!)

When you present at the GP with a headache, and the GP diagnoses you with migraine, they won’t usually jump to prescribing preventatives.

They will usually prescribe acute medications first, if anything at all.

It’s not uncommon to be told to take high dose dispersible aspirin or other over the counter meds marketed for migraine.

These meds are usually your average ibuprofen or paracetamol with added caffeine, sometimes with an added anti-emetic.

Remember that migraines aren’t a headache, so your stomach can stop working or work inefficiently when you’re having one.

Prescribing an acute pain relief medication alongside an anti-emetic helps your body actually absorb that acute med while you’re having an attack.

In my experience, no GP ever suggested or prescribed an anti-emetic alongside an acute treatment when I first went to them with migraines, so be prepared to have to make that suggestion yourself, and to be shot down if they disagree.

The usual anti-emetics will be metoclopramide hydrochloride, or prochlorperazine (also used for schizophrenia and anxiety)

Sometimes, your GP will prescribe naproxen, or another prescription NSAID for your migraines.

If you’re lucky, your GP might prescribe a triptan.

I believe the most common is ‘sumatriptan’ but there are a whole host of them (rizatriptan and almotriptan might be two others you’ve heard about).

I’m currently taking eletriptan, which is a much older triptan and not widely used by most GP’s for some reason.

This to say, that if you’re prescribed eg sumatriptan and it doesn’t work for you, try asking for another type.

Another reason triptans might not work for you is the method of administration.

If your migraines present with a lot of vomiting, something that melts on your tongue or a buccal tablet that dissolves under your upper lip might work better for you than a tablet you swallow. Some of them even come in nasal sprays.

TL;DR – Acute Treatment - Medications

- Paracetamol

- Ibuprofen

- Aspirin (dispersible aspirin for fast absorption, 900mg best dose)

- Co-codamol (voted most likely to cause rebound headaches)

- Naproxen (prescription only)

- Triptans (prescription only?)

- Anti-emetics (metoclopramide, prochlorperazine)

- Other prescription NSAIDs (tolfenamic acid, diclofenac potassium, diclofenac sodium, mefenamic acid)

- US only? -gepants

You can’t take most of these medications indefinitely.

They recommend taking cocodamol no more than 3 days in a row because of risk of addiction.

You can’t take metoclopramide for a long time.

Almost all of these meds can cause rebound/medication overuse headaches

Not to mention the side effects these meds come with, or the stress you might be putting on your kidneys/liver/rest of your body.

When your pain is that bad that you CAN’T care about the risks of taking something that might make a little dent in the agonies, you don’t think about those risks.

The hard part is that you get to the point where you HAVE TO start thinking about those risks.

Taking painkillers all day every day every time isn’t sustainable.

I know, it sucks.

Maybe in the future they’ll come up with a painkiller we can take that will reduce the pain without side effects destroying your body, but we’re not there yet.

Just another happy part of being alive as someone with chronic pain!

BUT! That’s where ‘complimentary’ treatments come in. These come in preventative and acute flavours too, with a lot of overlap, but we’re looking at acute treatments this time around.

If you’re a long-term chronic pain patient, you’ll probably already know about all of these.

I covered “lifestyle changes” that might help headaches in THIS PART, and you can use those here (sticking to a sleep schedule, regular meals, staying hydrated, ugh, yeah, I know, it helps though), but, for more urgent relief:

***Little disclaimer, not everything will work for everyone. Maybe you have other conditions that contraindicate these ideas. I’m not a medical professional, just a dude who suffers and uses this stuff to suffer a little less.***

- Cold treatment (ice packs, sticky cold patches, running cold water over your head, cold swimming, cold gels in a tube, ice hats)

- Heat treatment (electric heat pads, microwaveable heat packs, sticky heat patches, hot water bottles, hot baths)

- Balms (tiger balm, roll-on headache gels, pulse point gels, menthol rubs)

- Aromatherapy (helpful sometimes, but just as likely to aggravate your migraine as not. Proceed with caution.)

- Hot drinks (I don’t know why, but a cup of hot chocolate really takes the edge off my migraines?)

- Cold drinks, with ice

- Massage/Muscle treatments (anything from muscle relaxant bubble baths to massage rollers to getting someone to rub your back for you, if you’re lucky enough to have someone willing to do that)

- Gentle stretching (you can find a lot online; look for post-operative/elderly/low impact stretches)

- Sleep masks/Sunglasses (get away, light!)

- Travel sickness pills or ginger caplets for nausea

- Acupuncture (there is a point between the index finger and thumb in the meat of your hand that is supposed to ease pain if you add pressure to it – it doesn’t really work for me, but it’s worth a try. I’d suggest Googling/YouTubing it. I have acupuncture needles and have been shown how to use them, so it might be worth asking if you know a practitioner you trust?)

I’m sure I’m missing something that will come to me later.

For travel, I take:

- painkillers and my triptans (and anti-emetic when I’m allowed to have one)

- travel sickness pills/ginger pills

- balm tin/roller

- cold balm/sometimes cold patches

- shades

I’ve also shaved my head – I usually go down to a Grade 1, but have gone 0 before, which was weird.

Hair grows back surprisingly fast, and having short hair is amazing for migraines, especially in the summer.

You don’t need to spend so much time washing/drying your hair (which is helpful when you’re in the midst of an attack and/or have comorbidities that make showering difficult).

You can also apply cold/heat treatments closer to the scalp, but be careful not to burn yourself (I am absolutely not speaking from experience…)

On a greater scale, just making your room (or wherever you go to hide when you have migraines) as comfortable for you as possible is helpful. Enough pillows, blankets you can kick off if you overheat, a fan to keep the room cool but not cold, curtains or blackout blinds depending on how much light you want to block out.

I use a text-to-speech app to read fanfic to me, or I listen to audiobooks when I’m being photosensitive but can manage sound, and don’t want to be bored out of my gourd.

Has anyone else got any other tips that don’t fall into the above categories for help when you’re having a migraine?

Next up in this series: Preventative Treatment (Meds and Complimentary Treatments)

[innko]

horrid horrid migraine last night and taking benzos and metoclopramide and sleeping (only about 5 hours) did end it damn metoclopramide works well but i call it my evil nausea pill for a reason i’m terrified of the potential adverse effects

i use it as sparingly as possible and only ask the doctor to give me 5 pills a visit

[sagescented]

Ah, yay. Gastroparesis flair because of Pizza, my beloved! (Sarcasm)

ETA4, because apparently it needs to be said for some fucked up reason: Eating Disorder blogs don't fucking interact with my Gastritis posts ???

I had way too much pizza for dinner tonight, and now I'm back up at 12:30 am (now 1, at the time I'm making this post) because my stomach's incredibly inflamed; more so than it's been in a long time, to the point where I have a knot under my sternum again, and I'm not entirely sure if I'm going to have to vomit or not in order to feel better (which I haven't had to do since shortly before I finally stabilized on the Metoclopramide).

I've taken another round of Meto. Now I'm going to drink some Black Tea and see if that helps calm my stomach down like it usually does. If not, it's going to have to come out, and I'm going to have to take a sucralfate. Fingers crossed I don't have to do that, though. I'd love to avoid it if I can.

God, Gastroparesis is the devil.

ETA: The Tea isn't helping. I need to get the food out. My stomach's too irritated at this point, and it's not digesting it anymore.

Unfortunately I just realized I'm not even going to be able to throw up, because I threw away the toothbrush I use to help, finally. Because after 2 years of finally being safe and no longer having any flairs, I thought I finally wouldn't need it anymore. The electronic toothbrush I use now won't work, but I also can't force it with my fingers either; hell, I had a hard enough time with the original toothbrush as it was 😫

So now I get to just ... Sit here and be in severe pain because my food has irritated my stomach to the point it's stopped digesting entirely, again, and it's just ... Rotting in there. And I can't do anything about it this time; shouldn't've thrown it away, apparently.

Probably for the better, though, considering towards the end, when we were finally figuring out it was Gastroparesis, vomiting it out was starting to give me severe chest pain that'd last for hours. that's kind of the last thing I need with a potential heart condition being investigated at the moment. But God do I hurt so freaking bad right now. I hate this stupid condition so much.

ETA2: It's been nearly 3 hours and I'm still in so much pain. Not only in regards to still having the knot in my chest, but now having continuous chest pain, too. And none of the Tea in the world is helping me. If anything, it just keeps getting even worse ... It hasn't been this bad in a long time, and dislike this so much; it'd be so much easier if I could just get it all out, take a sucralfate, and go back to sleep.

ETA3: Hours later, at nearly 4:30, I finally gave up and went ahead and used the electric toothbrush to just get it out- and as expected, it was way too big. But I had no other choice. I couldn't handle it anymore. My throat is bleeding now, and I haven't been in this much pain in ages.

What was the problem? A giant chunk of Peperoni just stuck to the bottom of my stomach ... I never want to do that again. And now I'm going to take a Sucralfate, finally, and finish crying, eat a Ginger Chew, and drink a cup of Cardamom Green Tea.

[l-tora-l-archived]

TORAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!!!!!

HOW DO YOU DOOOOOO?

ALSO I TOTALLY LOVED THE METOCLOPRAMIDE—IFICATION OF MY NAME AHAHAJKAKJA 😂 👌👌👌

CREATIVE AS ALWAYS 😁💖

TRRRRRIIIIIIIIIISSSS!!!! LITERALLY SEEING YOU MADE MY ENTIRE DAY NO JOKE ILL PULL OUT A WHOLE CHART 📈

HAHA YESS FINALLY PUTTING MY PHARMACIST KNOWLEDGE TO USE !!! GONNA INFO DUMP HERE A BIT 🤏😽

METOCLOPRAMIDE IS AN ANTIEMETIC (aka used for nausea and vomiting) SO YOURE HELPING OUT THE POPULATION BIGTIME !!! Lifesaver Tris! 😼🫶 ITS ALSO USEFUL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANCY SYMPTOMS AHAHA! AND IT CAN BE INDIVIDUALLY USED IN NAXALONE (drug sold in supermarket) OR ANAGRAINE (Metoclopramide + Paracetamol (that's a simple analgesic/antipyretic) 😜💊

HOPING TO MAKE BAIZHU PROUD WITH ALLAT PHARMACY TRAUMA maybe I can get a job at Bubu Pharmacy AHAHA ☘️😣🤞

IM ALRIGHTY!!! HOW ARE YOU?? :0 THOSE EXAMS KEEPING US APART FR >:(

LOVE THAT CUTE CAT!!! Here's some cat pics (us in cat form🤭✨)

[girlhorse]

anyway i emailed vet. hoping for a medicine that is better than Omeprazole.. I'm in an IBD group and many use medicine to help with motility instead of just a acid reducer. Omeprazole makes me nervous since it's really not indicated for long term use. plus for Enzo it's not helping much with his flares. i feel weird recommending medicine to my doctor but I've heard better meds can be sucralfate, prilosec, and metoclopramide

[kaoticspoonie]

Officially pneumonia free and cleared for all activities!! Including work!! 

Took her to pick up food on the way home bc I knew we would only be inside for like five mins and wanted to see how she felt and she was so prancy and excited when I put on her working harness! 

We are also tentatively leaning towards a diagnosis of Tylosin Responsive Diarrhera - which isn’t all that much better then IBS - we don’t know the cause or anything but the vet does have a prescription for us for Tylosin so we can hopefully avoid the ER and the escalation of the flare up which is what started this whole aspiration pneumonia things (we also have other meds like cerenia and famotidine and metoclopramide to help avoid the aspiration pneumonia) 

Overall a great appointment and super good news! 

[vapehk1]

Does CBD Help with Nausea? Exploring its Potential Benefits

Nausea is an uncomfortable and often debilitating symptom that can be caused by various health conditions such as motion sickness, chemotherapy, pregnancy (morning sickness), or even anxiety. For years, remedies like ginger, anti-nausea medications, and acupressure bands have been used to alleviate nausea with varying success. But, recently, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant, has gained attention for its potential to treat nausea. This blog post explores whether CBD can help with nausea, the science behind it, how it compares to traditional treatments, and what you should know before trying it. What is Nausea? Nausea is a protective, albeit rather unpleasant, mechanism that helps the body expel toxins or harmful substances. It can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli, including indigestion, food poisoning, infections, pregnancy, motion sickness, chemotherapy and anxiety or stress, with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to debilitating illness. Unfortunately, treating nausea can be a challenge, particularly when traditional medications don't work or cause undesirable side effects. For this reason, many people have started to wonder, ‘Does CBD help with nausea?’. What is CBD? CBD (cannabidiol) is one of over 100 compounds called cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. Unlike THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the compound responsible for the ‘high’ associated with marijuana, CBD is non-psychoactive. This makes it an appealing option for those seeking relief from symptoms without altering their mental state. CBD interacts with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network of receptors and enzymes that helps regulate various physiological processes, including mood, appetite, pain, and nausea. By modulating these processes, CBD may offer therapeutic benefits for conditions like anxiety, chronic pain, epilepsy, and, as studies suggest, nausea. How CBD Interacts with the Body’s Nausea Control System Nausea is regulated by a part of the brain called the medulla oblongata, which is influenced by both the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. One of the key neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of nausea is serotonin (5-HT). So, if your levels of it are increased, it can lead to nausea and vomiting. As CBD interacts with serotonin receptors (particularly the 5-HT1A receptor) within the brain, research suggests that by stimulating these receptors, it can reduce nausea and vomiting - especially in response to chemotherapy and other toxic treatments. Additionally, it is believed that CBD’s interaction with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) might even help to stabilise the body's natural response to the stimuli that cause nausea. Scientific Research on CBD and Nausea Overall, research on CBD and its effects on nausea is still in the early stages, but some studies have suggested it has potential benefits. Several human trials have shown that a combination of CBD and THC (often referred to as medical cannabis) is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. In fact, one study published in the British Journal of Pharmacology even showed that cannabinoids, including CBD, can help reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea. Another conducted on rats found that CBD was effective in reducing nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy due to the CBD's effects on the 5-HT1A receptor. Is CBD Better Than Traditional Anti-Nausea Medications? Traditional anti-nausea medications, known as antiemetics, are often prescribed to help those suffering from nausea. These include drugs like ondansetron (Zofran) and metoclopramide (Reglan). However, while these medications can be effective, they can also have adverse side effects, such as drowsiness, constipation or diarrhoea, headaches or dizziness. Subsequently, some researchers within the medical community are focusing on the potential CBD might offer to counter nausea. One of the biggest perceived advantages of using CBD to treat this condition is that it generally has fewer side effects than conventional antiemetics. Some studies suggest that CBD is well-tolerated by most people, with some only experiencing mild side effects like dry mouth or fatigue. Encouragingly, unlike other pharmaceutical options, CBD does not cause the sedation or dependency that can sometimes accompany traditional treatments. Forms of CBD for Nausea Relief There are several ways to use CBD, each with its own advantages and onset times. The right method for you will depend on your preferences and how quickly you need relief, which is why you should contact your doctor for proper medical advice. That said, CBD oil can be taken sublingually (under the tongue) for relatively fast absorption. As its effects are typically felt within 15-30 minutes, it has become a favoured choice for nausea relief. If you prefer a more convenient and discreet option, CBD capsules or gummies might be ideal. However, because they need to be digested, the effects can take longer to kick in. For those who want instant relief, vaping offers a very fast onset of effects, although this method is not suitable for everyone, and some may prefer non-inhalation methods. Another option to consider is Transdermal CBD patches, which provide a slow and steady release of CBD into the bloodstream. They can be very useful for those who require the administering of long-lasting relief. How to Use CBD for Nausea If you're considering trying CBD to relieve nausea, it’s important to start slowly and find the right dosage. That is because there is no one-size-fits-all dosage, as everyone responds to it differently depending on factors such as their body weight, metabolism, and the severity of their symptoms. The best thing to do is begin with a small dose (e.g., 5-10 mg of CBD) and gradually increase until you find the right amount that works for you. But make sure you take the advice of a qualified healthcare professional first. Is CBD Safe for Nausea? Generally, CBD is considered safe, with the only real side effects being dry mouth, fatigue, diarrhoea and changes in appetite. In fact, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has even gone so far as to report that CBD has a good safety profile and is well-tolerated in humans. That said, there are a few potential risks to keep in mind, which mainly relate to the way CBD can interact with certain medications you might be taking. Particularly those that are metabolised by the liver’s enzyme system (CYP450). Subsequently, if you are taking medications like blood thinners, heart medications, or anti-nausea drugs, you should consult your doctor before trying CBD. It is also worth noting that not all CBD products are created equally. So, to ensure your safety and its effectiveness, you must only ever buy from reputable companies that provide third-party lab testing results for purity and potency. CBD and Pregnancy-Related Nausea According to the National Institute of Health, upwards of 80% of pregnant women suffer from nausea or 'morning sickness', particularly in their first trimester. It is only natural to ask, 'Does CBD help with nausea?' to alleviate their symptoms. Well, although it might seem like an appealing option for relief, it might be wise to err on the side of caution. At present, there is very limited research about how safe it is to take CBD during pregnancy, and many health professionals advise against it purely because the medical community does not know for certain what its effects on fetal development might be. For this reason, if you are pregnant and are looking for relief from nausea, don't take any CBD product without first consulting with your healthcare provider. Conclusion Some studies have proven that CBD can reduce the effects of nausea in both humans and animals due to the way it interacts with the ECS within our bodies to reduce the onset of vomiting and nausea. Although more qualitative research will need to be completed to fully appreciate its effectiveness as a treatment option for nausea, there is increasing support amongst the medical community for CBD to be recognised as a viable option. If you are interested in taking a CBD product to counter your nausea relief, it is worth seeking specialist medical advice, especially if you suffer from an existing medical condition or are currently taking other medications. They will help you determine the best product, its potency and the dosage, to provide you with relief for your uncomfortable symptoms. FAQs Are you wondering, ‘Does CBD help with nausea?’. Here are some answers to frequently asked questions about the subject. How effective is CBD for nausea? CBD oil is widely used for nausea relief due to it being fast-acting and that it is easily absorbed into the bloodstream. Additionally, gummies and capsules may also provide relief, although it might take longer for them to kick in, while topical creams may be effective in staving off localised nausea, such as the type that is common with migraines. How many hours does the CBD effect last? Generally, the effects of CBD last for between 2-6 hours, although this does depend on several factors, including how your body reacts to it, your dosage and how you use it. Read the full article

[frobthebuilder]

I think the reason is it gave like two people liver damage. Domperidone went the same way despite just being metoclopramide but with less side effects because it gave two people an elongated QT interval. The FDA is way too cautious sometimes, but only at complete random.

Note that all these drugs are completely legal to purchase from abroad though, just saying. No need for tor or any deep web crap, just use inhousepharmacy or whatever.

Do american trans women know about cyproteron acetate and how in other countries it's a commonly used T-blocker for mtf transition and particularly good for breast development but how in the US it was outlawed because it causes complications in pregnancies. which is. irrelevant for trans women

[nashlee234]

Diabetic Gastroparesis Treatment Market: A Rapidly Growing Sector Fueled by Advancements in Therapies & Personalized Medicine

The global diabetic gastroparesis treatment market has been steadily growing due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes and its associated complications. Diabetic gastroparesis, a condition characterized by delayed gastric emptying due to vagus nerve damage caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels, has become a growing concern, particularly among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This debilitating disorder leads to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain, which can significantly reduce the quality of life for affected individuals.

The market is primarily driven by several key factors, including the rising incidence of diabetes, growing awareness of gastroparesis, and advancements in pharmaceutical and therapeutic options. Moreover, the introduction of innovative drugs, devices, and diagnostic tools presents a lucrative opportunity for market players to capitalize on the growing demand for gastroparesis treatment.

Growth Opportunities in the Diabetic Gastroparesis Treatment Market

1. Advancements in Pharmacological Treatments

The development of novel pharmacological treatments has been a driving force behind market growth. Traditional treatments for diabetic gastroparesis, such as metoclopramide and erythromycin, have been in use for decades, but their long-term use is often limited by side effects and diminishing efficacy. As a result, there is a growing demand for more effective, safer therapies.

Recent advancements in prokinetic agents and anti-emetics are reshaping the treatment landscape. For instance, relamorelin, a ghrelin receptor agonist, has shown promising results in clinical trials for improving gastric emptying and reducing gastroparesis symptoms. Similarly, domperidone, a dopamine receptor antagonist, is gaining popularity in markets outside the U.S. due to its efficacy in managing gastroparesis symptoms with fewer side effects.

2. Biologic Therapies

Another significant growth opportunity lies in the development of biologic therapies for diabetic gastroparesis. These therapies, which involve using natural molecules such as antibodies and proteins, have shown potential in targeting the underlying causes of gastroparesis. Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of the hormone amylin, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing gastric emptying time and alleviating symptoms in gastroparesis patients.

Biologics offer a more targeted approach compared to traditional medications, and ongoing research in this area is expected to lead to the commercialization of new biologic treatments. This represents a significant growth avenue for pharmaceutical companies looking to expand their product portfolios in the diabetic gastroparesis treatment market.

3. Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Apart from pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological interventions are gaining traction as viable treatment options for diabetic gastroparesis. These include gastric electrical stimulation (GES) and endoscopic procedures.

Gastric electrical stimulation involves the implantation of a small device that delivers electrical pulses to the stomach muscles to stimulate gastric emptying. The GES market is expected to witness strong growth due to increasing adoption by healthcare professionals and positive patient outcomes. Studies have shown that GES can significantly reduce nausea and vomiting in patients with diabetic gastroparesis, making it an attractive alternative for those who do not respond to traditional drug therapies.

Endoscopic therapies, such as pyloric botulinum toxin injections, have also emerged as promising options for managing gastroparesis. These procedures aim to relax the pyloric sphincter and enhance gastric emptying. As technology in minimally invasive procedures advances, endoscopic treatments are likely to gain further popularity.

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Emerging Trends in the Diabetic Gastroparesis Treatment Market

1. Personalized Medicine

Personalized medicine, an approach that tailors treatment plans based on individual patient characteristics, is emerging as a trend in diabetic gastroparesis treatment. Understanding the genetic and molecular basis of gastroparesis in different patients allows for more precise and effective treatment approaches.

Pharmacogenomics, the study of how genes influence a patient's response to drugs, is playing an increasingly important role in treatment selection. With advancements in genetic testing and biomarkers, healthcare providers can better identify which patients are likely to benefit from certain medications, reducing the trial-and-error process in treatment and improving outcomes.

2. Telemedicine and Remote Monitoring

With the increasing use of telemedicine and remote monitoring technologies, patients with diabetic gastroparesis can now access care more conveniently. These technologies enable healthcare providers to remotely monitor patients' symptoms and adjust treatment plans in real time. This not only improves patient adherence to therapy but also allows for early detection of treatment failures or adverse effects, leading to better overall management of the condition.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, and this trend is expected to continue as patients and healthcare providers recognize the benefits of remote care. For the diabetic gastroparesis market, telemedicine presents an opportunity to improve patient outcomes while reducing the burden on healthcare systems.

3. Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics

Artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics are transforming the diabetic gastroparesis treatment landscape by enabling more accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plans. AI-powered tools can analyze patient data to predict the likelihood of developing gastroparesis in diabetic patients, allowing for early intervention and preventive measures.

Furthermore, AI algorithms can analyze data from clinical trials to identify patterns and correlations that may not be immediately apparent to researchers. This can accelerate the development of new treatments and optimize clinical trial outcomes, offering significant growth potential for pharmaceutical companies investing in AI technology.

4. Increased Focus on Patient-Centered Care

As healthcare systems shift toward a more patient-centered approach, treatment strategies for diabetic gastroparesis are evolving to prioritize patient preferences and quality of life. This includes incorporating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into treatment decisions and ensuring that therapies address not only the physical symptoms of gastroparesis but also the emotional and psychological impact of the condition.

Patient education and self-management programs are also gaining prominence, empowering individuals with diabetic gastroparesis to take a more active role in managing their condition. This trend is likely to drive demand for holistic, multidisciplinary treatment options that consider the patient's overall well-being.

[pharamcy]

PHARAMCOLGY EXAM PREPRATION

Monitoring plasma drug concentration is useful while using: 

A. Antihypertensive drugs 

B. Levodopa 

C. Lithium carbonate 

D. MAO inhibitors 

Sustained/controlled release oral dosage form is appropriate for the following type of drug: 

A. An antiarthritic with a plasma half life of 24 hr 

B. A sleep inducing hypnotic with a plasma half life of 2 hours 

C. An antihypertensive with a plasma half life of 3 hours 

D. An analgesic with a plasma half life of 6 hours used for relief of casual headache 

Microsomal enzyme induction has one of the following features: 

A. Takes about one week to develop 

B. Results in increased affinity of the enzyme for the substrate 

C. It is irreversible 

D. Can be used to treat acute drug poisonings 

Which of the following drugs acts by inhibiting an enzyme in the body: 

A. Atropine 

B. Allopurinol 

C. Levodopa 

D. Metoclopramide 

The following is a competitive type of enzyme inhibitor: 

A. Acetazolamide 

B. Disulfiram 

C. Physostigmine 

D. Theophylline 

What is true in relation to drug receptors: 

A. All drugs act through specific receptors 

B. All drug receptors are located on the surface of the target cells 

C. Agonists induce a conformational change in the receptor 

D. Partial agonists have low affinity for the Receptor

Drugs acting through receptors exhibit the following features except: 

A. Structural specificity 

B. High potency 

C. Competitive antagonism 

D. Dependence of action on lipophilicity

Study of drug-receptor interaction has now shown that: A. Maximal response occurs only when all recep 

tors are occupied by the drug 

B. Drugs exert an ‘all or none’ action on a receptor 

C. Receptor and drugs acting on it have rigid complementary ‘lock and key’ structural features 

D. Properties of ‘affinity’ and ‘intrinsic activity’ are independently variable 

A partial agonist can antagonise the effects of a full agonist because it has: 

A. High affinity but low intrinsic activity 

B. Low affinity but high intrinsic activity 

C. No affinity and low intrinsic activity 

D. High affinity but no intrinsic activity 

Receptor agonists possess: 

A. Affinity but no intrinsic activity 

B. Intrinsic activity but no affinity 

C. Affinity and intrinsic activity with a + sign 

D. Affinity and intrinsic activity with a – sign

[heathcareforallworld]

Global Metoclopramide Market Trends: Analyzing the Future Through 2032

Introduction

Metoclopramide is a well-known medication used to treat various gastrointestinal disorders, including nausea, vomiting, and gastroparesis. It is commonly prescribed for conditions where the stomach fails to empty its contents quickly enough, leading to nausea and vomiting. With its widespread use in treating gastrointestinal issues, the global metoclopramide market is poised for steady growth in the coming years. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the metoclopramide market size, share, industry trends, and forecast through 2032.

Market Size and Growth

Metoclopramide Market Size was estimated at 1.28 (USD Billion) in 2023. The Metoclopramide Market Industry is expected to grow from 1.31(USD Billion) in 2024 to 1.626 (USD Billion) by 2032. The metoclopramide Market CAGR (growth rate) is expected to be around 2.7% during the forecast period (2024 - 2032). Several factors contribute to this growth, including the rising prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, increasing awareness of treatment options, and the expanding elderly population, which is more prone to such conditions.

Market Segmentation

1. By Product Type:

Tablets: Metoclopramide tablets are the most commonly prescribed form due to their ease of administration and widespread availability. This segment accounts for the largest market share and is expected to continue its dominance through 2032.

Injections: Injectable metoclopramide is used in more severe cases or when oral administration is not possible. This segment is growing steadily due to its application in emergency and hospital settings.

Oral Solution: The oral solution form of metoclopramide is particularly useful for pediatric and elderly patients who may have difficulty swallowing tablets. This segment is expected to see moderate growth over the forecast period.

2. By Application:

Nausea and Vomiting: This segment holds the largest share of the metoclopramide market. The drug is widely used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with various conditions, including chemotherapy-induced nausea, postoperative nausea, and motion sickness.

Gastroparesis: Metoclopramide is the only FDA-approved medication for diabetic gastroparesis, making this a significant segment of the market. The increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide is expected to drive growth in this segment.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Although not the first-line treatment for GERD, metoclopramide is sometimes used in cases where other medications are ineffective, contributing to market growth.

Others: This includes applications such as functional dyspepsia and migraine-induced nausea, where metoclopramide is sometimes used off-label.

3. By Distribution Channel:

Hospital Pharmacies: Hospital pharmacies hold a significant share of the market, especially for injectable forms of metoclopramide used in acute care settings.

Retail Pharmacies: Retail pharmacies are the largest distribution channel, given the chronic nature of many conditions treated with metoclopramide.

Online Pharmacies: The rise of e-commerce and online pharmacies is contributing to the growing availability and convenience of purchasing metoclopramide, particularly in developed markets.

Regional Analysis

1. North America:

Market Share: North America leads the global metoclopramide market, with a share of approximately 45%. The region's high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, coupled with advanced healthcare infrastructure, drives market growth.

Trends: The increasing use of metoclopramide in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and gastroparesis is a significant trend in the region.

2. Europe:

Market Share: Europe holds the second-largest market share, driven by a high burden of gastrointestinal disorders and a growing elderly population.

Trends: Stringent regulations and a focus on patient safety have led to increased scrutiny and monitoring of metoclopramide use, particularly regarding long-term usage and associated risks.

3. Asia-Pacific:

Market Share: The Asia-Pacific region is expected to register the highest growth rate during the forecast period. The large patient population, increasing healthcare access, and rising awareness about gastrointestinal health are key drivers.

Trends: The increasing incidence of diabetes in countries like India and China is expected to boost demand for metoclopramide, particularly in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.

4. Latin America and Middle East & Africa:

Market Share: These regions account for a smaller market share but offer significant growth potential due to improving healthcare infrastructure and increasing awareness of gastrointestinal disorders.

Trends: The growing focus on expanding access to affordable medications in these regions is likely to drive market growth.

Industry Trends

1. Increasing Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Disorders:

The rising incidence of gastrointestinal conditions such as gastroparesis, GERD, and nausea related to chemotherapy and surgery is a primary driver of the metoclopramide market.

2. Focus on Geriatric Care:

With the global population aging, there is an increasing need for medications that address age-related gastrointestinal issues. Metoclopramide's effectiveness in treating these conditions is expected to boost its demand.

3. Technological Advancements:

Ongoing research into the mechanisms of action and side effects of metoclopramide is leading to improved formulations and treatment protocols, enhancing patient outcomes and market growth.

4. Regulatory Challenges:

The long-term use of metoclopramide has been associated with side effects such as tardive dyskinesia, leading to stringent regulatory guidelines regarding its use. This has resulted in increased monitoring and a focus on safer dosing regimens.

5. Competitive Landscape:

The metoclopramide market is competitive, with key players including Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Mylan N.V., and Baxter International Inc. Companies are focusing on expanding their product portfolios and enhancing their presence in emerging markets to drive growth.

Forecast Through 2032

The global metoclopramide market is set to experience steady growth through 2032, driven by the increasing prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders and the growing demand for effective treatments. While North America and Europe will continue to dominate the market, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to emerge as a significant growth area due to its large patient population and improving healthcare infrastructure.

In conclusion, the metoclopramide market presents numerous opportunities for growth, particularly in emerging markets. Companies operating in this space should focus on innovation, regulatory compliance, and strategic partnerships to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the increasing global demand for gastrointestinal treatments.

[healthcarehubhh]

Understanding the Growing Demand for Nausea Medicines

Nausea is a sensation that can have many underlying causes. Some common causes that lead to nausea include viral infections, pregnancy, motion sickness, chemotherapy, and gastrointestinal issues. Viral infections like the flu or a stomach bug can cause nausea as a symptom. Morning sickness or nausea during pregnancy is also very common in expectant mothers. Traveling by car, air, or sea can induce motion sickness in some individuals. Harsh cancer treatments like chemotherapy often cause strong nausea and vomiting as side effects. Digestive problems like acid reflux, food poisoning, or an ulcer may also produce feelings of nausea. Identifying the root cause is important for determining the best treatment approach. Available OTC Nausea Medicines There are several over-the-counter (OTC) nausea medications available for relief of temporary nausea from common causes. Antihistamine medications like Dramamine are effective for motion sickness. Common active ingredients include dimenhydrinate and meclizine. Ginger supplements in capsules or ginger ale are natural options that can help settle an upset stomach. Antacids containing calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, or magnesium hydroxide can relieve nausea from acid reflux or an upset digestive system. Wristbands applying acupressure are also used by some for motion sickness or morning sickness relief. These OTC options provide symptom relief for occasional or mild nausea when a prescription is not needed. Prescription Nausea Medicines for Severe Nausea For more intense or persistent nausea, prescription medications may be required. Antiemetic drugs that work on receptors in the brain and stomach lining to reduce triggers of vomiting and nausea are commonly prescribed. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists like ondansetron (Zofran) are highly effective for chemotherapy-induced nausea and post-surgery. Steroids like dexamethasone are another option. Medications that stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain's chemoreceptor trigger zone, such as metoclopramide (Reglan), are also frequently prescribed to reduce nausea. Injections of aprepitant (Emend), a substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, can be used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea for 3 days. Prescription options offer stronger relief for severe cases unresolved by OTC treatments. Emerging Therapies and Solutions Research into new nausea therapies remains ongoing due to the widespread prevalence of nausea as a symptom. Inspired by acupuncture, some options now use microchip‐simulated percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to relieve nausea. Temporary implantable nausea bands delivering pulses to the stomach nerve are another acupuncture‐inspired device under investigation. Non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulators show promise for reducing chemotherapy‐induced nausea through pulsed signals transmitted to the brain from a cuff placed around the vagus nerve in the neck. Virtual reality is also being studied as a potential distraction‐based therapy to lessen nausea during medical procedures or chemotherapy. Emerging treatments aim to provide new relief options beyond existing antiemetic medications.