#metal hammer 388

[blue-lollipops-and-ice-clouds]

Sleep Token's "The 100 Songs That Changed Our World" Article.

(Source - photos courtesy the lovely jawsofeden)

Transcript:

100 - Sleep Token

The Summoning

(Take Me Back To Eden, 2023)

The meteoric rise of Sleep Token caught us all by surprise. At the start of 2023, the mysterious masked band were one of the metal underground's buzziest names. Led by enigmatic vocalist Vessel, they were a band to watch, for sure, but firmly attracted the niche passion of a cult following.

Then came the song that would change everything. On consecutive days in early January, the band released two singles from their third album, Take Me Back To Eden: the burning, crashing Chokehold, followed by The Summoning - and it was the latter track that would turn them into an Earth-conquering, expectation-shattering phenomenon.

Veering between depraved tech metal, soulful vocals and shimmering electronics, an enormous, hymnal chorus gave way to an Earth-shifting breakdown and screams. Intricate and groove heavy, The Surmoning was more like three songs seamlessly crafted into one genre-fluid modern masterpiece. And it still had its trump card to play: a bendy, thirst-trap, funk outro that went viral on TikTok, turning the internet intoalusty Take1 puddle. Suddenly, Sleep Token were the most talked-about band on the planet.

"THERE ARE HINTS OF EARLY SLIPKNOT THERE."

COREY TAYLOR

"It took me three listens of [The Sumroning] to realise that when they do that whole psychedelic section at the end, that it's actually the same chorus as it was before, only in a completely different way," Evanescence's Amy Lee told Revolver. "And I love it even more that. I thought they just went a whole new direction and wrote a new part, and then I was like, 'Wait, that's the same...but not at all'."

Sleep Token weren't the most obvious choice for a commercial breakthrough. The success of The Summoning, an unconventional, seven-minute, brutal shapeshifter, bucks just about every music industry trend there is.

"It's going to a lot of different places, and I think there isn't any other band out there right now that's able to do that," Judas Priest frontman Rob Halford said earlier this year.

The Summoning set a chain reaction in motion that was unprecedented in modern metal. In just a few weeks, the band saw their Spotify figures jump from the thousands into the millions. To date, the track has been streamed more than 123 million times on Spotify and 19 million on YouTube. On release, Take Me Back To Eden went straight in at No.3 in the UK and was the most streamed metal album of 2023. When the band announced a show at Wembley Arena, tickets sold out in 10 minutes.

Earlier this year, they left the metal-heavy roster of Spinefarm Records for RCA, the home of mainstream megastars Justin Timberlake and rapper Doja Cat.

"In heavy music, or even in just rock, even in the last decade or 15 years, there's so few stories of bands ever breaking through," says Health bassist and producer, John Famiglietti, who supported the band at Wembley and sees Sleep Token's success as proof metal still can resonate on a massive scale. "This is one of the few times I've seen a band go from a fucking club to an arena in six months. And I don't know the last time that happened."

It's worth pointing out that in the social media era where celebrities and artists are more accessible than ever, Sleep Token have achieved all of this on their own terms. To date, they've barely done any press, while their masked mystique is all part of the allure. Last year, fans reacted with outrage when bassist III's identity and birth certificate were allegedly leaked online, seemingly leading to a decision to wipe the band's Instagram.

"There are hints of early Slipknot there," Knot vocalist Corey Taylor told The Allison Hagendorf Show in 2023, thinking back to the early internet days before Slipknot removed their masks. "At first, we were like, 'Nope. You get nothing. This is what you get, you figure it out. We'll let the music speak for ourselves.

Today, Sleep Token are being mentioned in the same breath as potential future Download headliners Ghost, Gojira, and Architects. The only difference? Sleep Token have managed to ascend to the same level as those bands in a fraction of the time. Metal needs new superstars who will push things forward, innovate and keep the scene relevant - and with Sleep Token we have a band we can believe in. DL

[theforbiddeneden]

SLEEP TOKEN SPEECHES, INTERLUDES, INTERVIEWS, MAGAZINES, ART & LORE (FANMADE)

LORE OF SLEEP TOKEN (FAN MADE):

PART I - SUNDOWING SIGILS - SLEEP TOKEN LORE - FAN MADE - ENG TRANSLATED TO PTBR

PART II - SUNDOWING SIGILS - SLEEP TOKEN LORE - FAN MADE - ENG TRANSLATED TO PTBR

INTERVIEWS:

Who and what the hell are Sleep Token? / Qual é a história por trás do Sleep Token?

An Offering From Drumeo | Sleep Token II

HQ:

[HQ] Sleep Token: Teeth of God 2024

MAGAZINES:

Kerrang Magazine 01/08/2018

Metal Hammer Magazine December 2023 Enter The World Of Sleep Token - Revista Metal Hammer Dezembro 2023 Entre no mundo do Sleep Token

Metal Hammer issue 388 May 2024 The 100 Songs that Changed the World

EDITORIAL SLEEP TOKEN PICTURES FOR MAGAZINES by ANDY FORD

INTERLUDES:

NORTH AMERICAN RITUALS TOUR (30/09/2023): INTERLÚDIOS

NORTH AMERICAN RITUALS TOUR (30/09/2023): INTERLÚDIOS -PART I

NORTH AMERICAN RITUALS TOUR (30/09/2023): INTERLÚDIOS -PART II

TEETH OF GOD US TOUR(30/04/2024): INTERLÚDIOS

SPEECHES:

FROM THE ROOM BELOW - LAFAYETTE - SLEEP TOKEN - 29/04/2022

SHORT VIDEOS:

THIS PLACE WILL BECOME YOUR TOMB - PREVIEWS

THE TEETH OF GOD TOUR 2024

Sleep Token - Short Videos - THE TEETH OF GOD TOUR

EUROPEAN TOUR 2024

SHOW FLYERS:

SLEEP TOKEN - FLYERS SHOWS

MASK EVOLUTION:

SLEEP TOKEN - MASKS

ARTS:

Take Me Back To Eden I BY LUKE PREECE

Take Me Back To Eden II BY LUKE PREECE

Snake Vessel by Alex Tillbrook

German Teeth of God Tour by Alex Tillbrook

Sleep Token Art I by NEMESIS

Sleep Token Art II by NEMESIS

SLEEP TOKEN T-SHIRT & HOODIES DESIGNS BY MARC HOLT

SLEEP TOKEN T-SHIRT & HOODIES DESIGNS BY CHRIS HARDY

IMPERICON - SLEEP TOKEN - EUROPEAN TOUR 2024 - EVENT EXCLUSIVE MERCHANDISE

SLEEP TOKEN STATUE(ACTION FIGURE):

SLEEP TOKEN VESSEL LIMITED EDITION STATUE BY KNUCKLEBONZ

ALBUM COVER & LYRICS:

TAKE ME BACK TO EDEN

THIS PLACE WILL BECOME YOUR TOMB

SUNDOWNING

TWO

ONE

SINGLES - Hey Ya, Jaws, Is it Really You?

ALL ALBUM COVERS

ALPHABET:

Take Me Back To Eden - Alphabet symbols deciphered

RANDOM:

THE RESEMBLANCE OF TMBTE GOD AND THANATOS THE GOD OF DEATH/A SEMELHANÇA ENTRE O DEUS DE TMBTE E THANATOS O DEUS DA MORTE

Analysis of “Atlantic” by Sleep Token / Análise de “Atlantic” por Sleep Token

[jkflesh]

Metal Hammer #388  "The 100 Songs That Changed Our World"

[oalesleinad]

Napalm Death - Metal Hammer #388 "The 100 Songs That Changed Our World"

NAPALM DEATH SCUM (SCUM, 1987)

With their debt album Scum, Napalm Death pushed the frontiers of noise back further than anyone could have ever imagined. The line-up that recorded this two-and-a-half minute grindcore landmark - singer/bassist Nicholas Bullen, guitarist Justin Broadrick and drummer Mick Harris - took in a disparate set of influences (Swans, Killing Joke, Siege, Metallica) and spat them out as something that was filthier, faster and bleaker than anything that had come before. The mainstream world was baffled and/or repulsed by its seemingly impenetrable din, but over time its revolutionary racket became fused into metal's DNA, in the process helping establish Earache Records as one of the most influential underground labels in history. Today, any band who profess to be remotely extreme owe a massive debt to Scum. Here, former Napalm Death guitarist Justin Broadrick looks back on the making of the seminal album.

Scum was such an important album. What do you remember about writing it? "I was a barely functioning 15/16 year old during my time in Napalm Death. Everyone else in the band was two years older, but what I could do prolifically was write music and create songs. I was writing the majority of the music, and Nic was writing pretty much all the lyrics. Scum was one of the last songs I wrote for Napalm Death, that is for sure [Justin and Nic Bullen left after recording Side A of the Scum album, with an almost totally new line-up recording Side B). I would have written it in my bedroom in Shard End, Birmingham, being 16 and still living at home with my mum and stepdad at that point."

Did it feel different to earlier songs you'd written for Napalm? "I felt my riffs and writing were essentially getting better, that was for certain. This was evident by the responses we were getting at our shows in that period. We, as a band playing these songs, had something special by this time."

Scum alternates between slow, sludgy sections and lightning-fast parts. What were the influences? "We were totally obsessed with Celtic Frost! Ha ha ha! That mid/breakdown riff is a direct take on a Hellhammer song breakdown, changed very slightly as it progresses. The main slow riff was me trying to emulate Am I Evil?, the Metallica cover [of Diamond Head], combined with a variety of Black Sabbath riffs. The fast parts are all essentially a take on Discharge riffs, but sped up and perhaps 'noisier'. Also, Siege had seeped into the riffs there."

What did Nic Bullen and Mick Harris bring to the song? "Everything, from Nic's vocal stylings, lyrics and bass playing, to Mick being able to reach speeds we hadn't heard before. Without Mick, that wouldn't have been achieved. Mick and I first rehearsed at his mum and dad's house, and we literally sped up every Napalm Death song I taught him. Mick's energy and fierceness on the drums was unrivalled."

Who was Scum aimed at? "Nic wrote the lyrics, so he would be best person to comment. But how the I saw it back then was an attack against our overseers, those who chain us: those in power. We were both becoming increasingly disenchanted with the human race as a whole. I think initially we intended to inform/protest, but both Nic and I became more nihilistic, especially from this period onwards."

Do you remember playing it live for the first time? "Not the first time, but the shows around that period were when people and audiences really started noticing us. There was a huge buzz."

How do you look back on Scum now? "Very proud of it. I'm proud of the whole A-side of Scum. It's sad, but I lost the sense that it was my music for many years, while watching different forms of Napalm Death perform it time and time again and endless reissues of the album. But, I've felt like it's mine again; it's a part of my musical identity, my music as a 16-year-old. As a band, for a moment, we were amazing, and Scum, as a song, was the peak of that for me."

"WE WERE DISENCHANTED WITH THE HUMAN RACE" JUSTIN BROADRICK

[ariesgamesandminis]

Restocks are in from Iron Wind Metals!

PLEASE NOTE - The OP-118 Marauder MAD-3D, 5S, and 5T Gun Sprue did come in, however…I'm waiting to hear back from IWM on when it can be sold as the Online Exclusive items have a 30 day hold on them until retailers can sell. Once given the date, I will add them to the site silently so make sure to sign up for In Stock Notifications so you will know when they can be sold.

20-168 Cameron Battlecruiser (3057) 20-235 Partisan Heavy Tank 20-292 Hermes HER-1A 20-331 Mad Cat III 20-405 Great Turtle GTR-1 20-415 Cygnus 20-423 JI-100 Mech Recovery Vehicle 20-480 Defiance DFN-3S 20-495 Galahad GLH-2D 20-5023 Hyena Salvage Mech HYN-4A 20-5071 Rook NH-2 20-5141 Shadow Hawk SHD-2H 20-5143 Sarath SRTH-1O 20-656 Thunder Stallion (Standard) 20-739 Ontos Heavy Tank (2) 20-798 Hammer HMR-3M 20-807 Striker Light Tank (2) 20-938 Mars Assault Vehicle (Standard) 20-985 Arcas (Standard) 99-201 Large Flat Top Hex Base #1 99-202 Large Flat Top Hex Base #2 AC-002 Small Space Base AC-007 Multi Hole Fighter Base (13 Holes) BT-006 Phalanx Battle Armor BT-007 Rottweiler Battle Armor BT-074 Corsair Micro Fighter BT-082 Seydlitz Micro Fighter BT-187 Djinn Battle Armor BT-201 Nephilim Assault Battle Armor BT-209 Se'irim Medium Battle Armor BT-226 Fast Recon BT-239 Jump Support Infantry BT-242 Marian Regular Infantry BT-244 Heavy Infantry - Standing BT-245 Heavy Infantry - Firing BT-314 Rifleman III RF2-A BT-331 Phoenix Hawk LAM MK I PHX-HK1 (Mech) BT-332 Phoenix Hawk LAM MK I PHX-HK1 (Air Mech) BT-356 Mortis MS-1A BT-364 Gabriel Hovercraft BT-372 Savannah Master Hovercraft BT-373 Centaur Protomech BT-386 Undine Battle Armor (3) BT-388 Salamander Battle Armor (3) BT-390 Fa-Shih Battle Armor (3) BT-412 Amazon Battle Armor BT-413 Marauder Battle Armor BT-436 Buraq (Standard) Battle Armor BT-445 BattleMech Recovery Vehicle OP-118 Marauder MAD-3D, 5S, and 5T Gun Sprue 20-432C Valiant DA Mech Arm Sprue 20-5041D Nyx NX-80 / NX-90 Base

[pamphletstoinspire]

Catholic Physics - Reflections of a Catholic Scientist - Part 101 - Truth Cannot Contradict Truth - Part 5

With images:

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/catholic-physics-reflections-scientist-part-101-truth-harold-baines-4/?published=t

Can Computers Have a Soul? - Part 2

SECTION 3: Science Fiction Stories about Computer Souls

INTRODUCTION

A scene from the play “RUR” (“Rossum’s Universal Robots” – Capek, 1923) whence the term “ROBOT” for a mechanical man. - from Wikimedia Commons (Caption for linked image)

Science fiction abounds in tales of robots, androids and computers with intelligence. Isaac Asimov’s “Three Laws of Robotics” and his robot/android stories come to mind. And who can forget HAL 9000 in “2001.”

In this section I’ll focus on stories that deal with the notion of robots or computers having a soul, because these stories come closer to defining soulhood than do many of the philosophers and scientists dealing with artificial intelligence.

Since philosophers and AI scientists have not given definitive answers about the souls of computers, consciousness and such, let’s go to a realm where imagination holds sway, unlimited by hard facts. It will certainly be more entertaining (and possibly just as insightful) to hear what science fiction (SF) authors have to say about this. So let’s suppose, as do SF authors, that consciousness is possible by some means or another for computers and robots and see what consequences might ensue concerning ensoulment

I WANT TO BE A COMPUTER WHEN I DIE

As a transition to considering machine intelligence, let’s examine how SF treats the transfer of human intelligence or personality into computers or robots. Note that one theoretical physicist, Frank Tipler, in his book, The Physics of Christianity, posits that heaven will consist of personalities transferred to software as the universe reaches its end in an “Omega Point‘ singularity. Since it is a black hole type singularity, time is slowed down and the intelligences transferred to software thus have essentially an eternity to enjoy their virtual life.

Among the many SF stories that deal with transferred human intelligence, there is one by Norman Spinrad that especially focuses on the question of soulhood, Deus X. Spinrad treats the question with respect, although his attitude to the Catholic Church is less than reverent (there is a female Pope, Mary I). Below is a summary of the plot, as given in McKee’s excellent survey, The Gospel According to Science-Fiction:

“…thousands of people exist in an artificial afterlife called ‘Transcorporeal Immortality’, having copied their consciousness onto a worldwide computer network called ‘The Big Board’….Catholic theologian Fr. Philippe de Leone argue[s] that this creation of an artificial soul, which cannot have true self-awareness, dooms the actual soul that is copied to damnation. Pope Mary I, hoping to settle the controversy, orders Fr. DeLeone to have his soul copied upon his death, so that his consciousness can argue against its own autonomous existence from the other side.” — As quoted in The Gospel According to Science Fiction. p.43

Superficially, Pope Mary’s plan seems to contain a paradox. If the downloaded Fr. de Leone changes his mind and says “yes, I am a real soul,” how can we trust what an artificial soul might say? The solution to the paradox is that all of Fr. de Leone’s beliefs have been downloaded to his program. If these beliefs are changed, it means that the entity in the computer has free will, and is thus autonomous and a real soul.

In the story Fr. DeLeone’s soul is “kidnapped” (how do you kidnap a program?) by a group of downloaded personalities that wants to convince the Church, using Fr. de Leone’s download, that they have a real soul. As McKee points out in his synopsis, there is a reverse Turing Test applied here. Fr. de Leone does change his mind, the downloaded personalities declare him a deity (“Deus X”) and a new controversy arises: Church officials declare this deification to be blasphemy. To still the controversy, Fr. de Leone sacrifices his downloaded personality (dies), Pope Mary declares him a saint and recognizes that the downloaded souls are “real”.”

In my opinion, this is not a satisfactory exposition. I hold with the Catholic interpretation (see above) that souls do not function without a body and that a soul and body comprise one person.

THE CHURCH AND AI: ST. AUGUSTINE AS A COMPUTER — “GUS”

There are many SF works in which the Catholic Church plays a role. In some, the Church and its teachings are treated with respect; in most, not so much. As Gabriel McKee points out in The Gospel According to Science Fiction

“SF, arising as it does from the secular humanism of the Enlightenment, is critical of religious institutions. SF frequently argues that if organized religion is to be a positive force in the future of humankind, it must change drastically to meet the spiritual challenges of the future.” — Gabriel McKee, op.cit., p. 183

A sympathetic view of how the Church might interact with artificial intelligence is given in Jack McDevitt’s fine story, “Gus“. In this beautiful tale, the newly installed rector of a Catholic Seminary interacts with a computer simulation of St. Augustine of Hippo, purchased (the simulation, that is) to help students understand St. Augustine’s teachings. The Rector, Msgr. Chesley, is at first greatly displeased with Gus’s (the program’s) dicta:

” ‘The thing must have been programmed by Unitarians’ Chesley threw over his shoulder. ‘Get rid of it'” — ”Gus” in Cryptics, p. 373.

The relationship between Chesley and Gus becomes warmer with time, as they discuss the problems of being a Catholic in today’s world:

“ ‘Why did Augustine become a priest?’

Chesley asked.

‘I wanted,’ Gus said, with the slightest stress on the first words, ‘to get as close as I could to my Creator.’ Thoughtfully, he added, ‘I seem to have traveled far afield.’

‘Sometimes I think,’ Chesley said, ‘the Creator hides himself too well.’

‘Use his Church,‘ said Gus. ‘That is why it is here.’

‘It has changed.’

“Of course it has changed. The world has changed.’

‘The Church is supposed to be a rock.’

‘Think of it rather as a refuge in a world that will not stand still.’ “ — op. cit., p. 382,

Gus’s sayings to the students become so unorthodox (he decries the dogma of the infallibility of the Pope and the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary) that other faculty decided he should be downloaded to storage and traded in for a computer simulation of Thomas Aquinas (plus business software). Gus asks Msgr. Chesley to hear his Confession and then destroy him, so he can have peace:

” ‘I require absolution, Matt.’

Chesley pressed his right hand into his pocket. ‘It would be sacrilege,’ he whispered.

‘And if I have a soul, Matt, if I too am required to face judgment, what then?’

Chesley raised his right hand, slowly, and drew the sign of the cross in the thick air. ‘I absolve you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.’

‘Thank you… There’s something else I need you to do, Matt. This existence holds nothing for me. But I am not sure what downloading might mean.’

‘What are you asking?”

‘I want to be free of all this. I want to be certain I do not spend a substantial fraction of eternity in the storeroom.’

Chesley trembled. ‘If in fact you have an immortal soul,’ he said, ‘you may be placing it in grave danger.’

‘And yours as well. I have no choice but to ask. Let us rely on the mercy of the Almighty.’

Tears squeezed into Chesley’s eyes. He drew his finger- tips across the hard casing of the IBM. ‘What do I do? I’m not familiar with the equipment.’

‘Have you got the right computer?’

‘Yes.’

‘Take it apart. Turn off the power first. All you have to do is get into it and destroy the hard disk.’

‘Will you — feel anything?’

‘Nothing physical touches me, Matt.’

Chesley found the power switch… He found a hammer and a Phillips screwdriver. He used the screwdriver to take the top off the computer. A gray metal box lay within. He opened it and removed a gleaming black plastic disk. He embraced it, held it to his chest. Then he set it down, and reached for the hammer. In the morning, with appropriate ceremony, he buried it in consecrated soil.” — op. cit., pp. 388-389

As always, I asked my wife to review this article. I asked her whether she was moved by the story of Gus. She replied, “If it were St. Augustine on his death-bed talking to his confessor, yes; but a black plastic disc – never.” Even though I was moved to tears when I first read the story, I raise the same objections as I did for downloaded human personalities: the Catholic teaching that soul and body are one.

DOES DATA HAVE A SOUL?

Commander Riker removes the arm of Data, the Android, to show he is only a machine. - from Fandom (Caption for linked image)

For those who aren’t Trekkies, Data is the android navigator in the second Star Trek series, Star Trek: the Next Generation.  He aspires to humanity and sometimes reaches and even surpasses that state.  There is a problem, however, in that whether Data has a soul is never considered in any of the episodes, possibly because the word “soul” is anathema to writers and producers of popular entertainment.  So in the episode, “The Measure of a Man”, the question “Is Data a sentient being” is asked, rather than “Does Data have a soul”.

The question is addressed in a trial, to see if Data, as a “sentient being”, has the right to refuse to be disassembled for study and refitting.  Captain Picard acts in Data’s behalf and Commander Riker, under duress, as the prosecutor.  Riker attempts to demonstrate that Data is a machine by switching him off and taking his arm off:

“[Riker is doing his duty in the courtroom]

Commander William T. Riker: The Commander [Data] is a physical representation of a dream – an idea, conceived of by the mind of a man. Its purpose: to serve human needs and interests. It’s a collection of neural nets and heuristic algorithms; its responses dictated by an elaborate software written by a man, its hardware built by a man. And now… and now a man will shut it off. [Riker switches off Data, who slumps forward like a lifeless puppet]

Commander William T. Riker: Pinocchio is broken. Its strings have been cut.” The Measure of a Man, Quotes.

Captain Picard gives a stirring defense, arguing that the question of whether Data is conscious — self-aware — has not and cannot be settled, any more than whether one can be certain that another person is conscious except by external behavior.   And finally the question of soulhood is addressed minimally:

“Captain Phillipa Louvois [The Judge]: It sits there looking at me; and I don’t know what it is. This case has dealt with metaphysics – with questions best left to saints and philosophers. I am neither competent nor qualified to answer those. But I’ve got to make a ruling, to try to speak to the future. Is Data a machine? Yes. Is he the property of Starfleet? No. We have all been dancing around the basic issue: does Data have a soul?[emphasis added] I don’t know that he has. I don’t know that I have. But I have got to give him the freedom to explore that question himself. It is the ruling of this court that Lieutenant Commander Data has the freedom to choose.” [notice the shift from “it” to “he”] ibid.

And so Data is left free, and the question of whether he has a soul, undetermined — as in the Scottish verdict, “Not Proven.”

Whether Data has a soul is more difficult judgment than for the previous stories: Data has a body, and if his body is disabled then he, as a unit, doesn’t function.  This condition satisfies the Catholic teaching that body and soul are one. On the other hand, Catholic teaching tells us that the soul is given to us at conception by the Holy Spirit. Would we say that the Holy Spirit instills a soul into Data when the first circuit was implanted? I don’t think so, but maybe I’m wrong.  What do you think, Dear Reader?

FINAL THOUGHTS

It seems from the above that Catholic teaching has more definite things to say about ensoulment and what the soul is than do science and philosophy. There is much disagreement amongst the advocates of AI and philosophers about who and what might be endowed with consciousness and real intelligence, much less who or what might be given a soul.

If one defines a God-given soul as the capacity to wonder where we came from, what will happen when we die, who made all this and why, then I believe that is unlikely that computers, machine intelligence will have that ability, despite the science-fiction stories to the contrary. Nor will animals, even though they have intelligence in some degree. Could there be sentient beings with souls on extra-terrestial planets? Possibly, and even the Church is interested in that possibility, as attested by a Vatican sponsored conference on the possibility:

“Just like there is an abundance of creatures on earth, there could also be other beings, even intelligent ones, that were created by God. That doesn’t contradict our faith, because we cannot put boundaries to God’s creative freedom. As Saint Francis would say, when we consider the earthly creatures to be our ‘brothers and sisters,’ why couldn’t we also talk about an ‘extraterrestrial brother?’ He would still be part of creation.” — Fr. Gabriel Funes, Chief Astronomer to the Vatican, Osservatore Romano, 2014

Well, maybe — but we’ll very likely not know in our lifetime.

SECTION 4: Science Background — Elements of Neuroscience

Why (Some) Scientists Say there is No Such Thing as a Soul

If one believes that everything can be explained by science (which I don’t), then only that which can be measured or observed in replicated experiments is “real”. Accordingly, many scientists regard the “soul” as a fictitious entity, since it is immaterial and has no measurable properties that can be observed in replicable experiments.

Rather than speaking of the soul, scientists focus on the mind as a function of what goes on in the brain. Such functions can be localized in various regions of the brain (see the figure below). - Click link for image

Brain Areas Controlling Different Functions from Wikimedia Commons (Caption for linked image)

The various actions governed by the brain can be localized by observing behavioral changes when different parts are injured or with modern imaging techniques: MRI, SPECT, PET scans.

SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS OF BRAIN ACTIVITY

“Interestingly, the average human brain weighs about 1.5 kilograms, has about 160 billion cells and about 100 billion neurons connecting the cells… One can look at the brain and see the incredible complexities and the miracles of the Divine … or one can respond … that this has nothing to do with G-d. Some people will be inspired with belief in the Almighty; others will claim that somehow billions of cells and neurons working together can be created through random evolution.” — Rabbi Dr. Warren Goldstein, “Jewish World Review,” 17 January 2014

The basic unit of the brain is the neuron, depicted in the figure below. The average human brain contains about 86 billion neurons. They act by release of chemicals (neurotransmitters) to adjacent neurons across a synaptic junction (gap) and thereby generate electrical signals, nerve impulses, that travel along nerve fibers and thereby generate electrical signals, nerve impulses, that travel along nerve fibers.

Diagram of a Neuron; inset is diagram of a synapse between transmitter (A) and receptor (B) neurons. (Caption for linked image)

1: mitochondria; 2. vesicle containing neurotransmitter molecules; 3. autoreceptor gate; 4. synaptic cleft (3/10,000 of paper thickness); 5. neurotransmitter molecule receptor; 6. calcium gate; 7. fused vesicle releasing neurotransmitter molecules; 8. neurotransmitter molecule re-uptake pump.

Here’s a nice video explaining in more detail how nerve transmission works.

Since there is electrical activity in the brain due to nerve impulse transmission, this can be measured by EEG (ElectroEncephaloGraphy) which can be used to detect abnormal brain behavior, as in epilepsy. The state of water in the brain, and the corresponding state of brain tissue—normal or abnormal—can be studied by high resolution CAT scans (x-ray tomography), or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

MRI of Brain with Tumor - A: Feb 2005, before treatment; - B,C: Later in 2005, after treatment; - D,E: Recurrence and treatment with radiotherapy - F: Treatment with chemotherapy. - from Wikimedia Commons (Caption for linked image)

Chemical activity in the brain can be detected by Positron Emission Tomography (PET scans), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), or functional MRI (fMRI). The first two techniques use radioactive tracers attached to molecules which will be metabolized (e.g. sugar molecules) at areas of localized brain activity. fMRI relies on increased blood flow to areas of the brain that are active; the blood contains oxygen molecules, which are paramagnetic and affect the MRI signal. (Caption for linked image)

The picture at the left shows an fMRI scan of a subject watching “a complex moving visual stimulus and rest condition (black screen)”. The activation (yellow-orange) is shown against a “regular MRI corresponding to the brain region scanned.” The left-hand side of the image corresponds to the occipital region of the brain, where visual images are processed.

NEUROIMAGING AND THE RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE

An interesting application of SPECT imaging is reported by Professor Andrew Newberg, Jefferson University Hospital. He showed, comparing images from religious (nuns, monks) and atheists, what brain regions and thus what brain functions are activated or deactivated by such religious acts as prayer, meditation, contemplation.

A detailed account of this is given in Professor Newberg’s web site and here; briefly, the account is this. When people with long experience in contemplative prayer (for example, Franciscan Nuns) pray, the frontal regions of the brain — the area of higher mental activity, forethought, etc — are activated and the parietal areas — which give a sense or orientation, bodily location — are deactivated. The latter result, according to Professor Newborn, corresponds to a feeling of losing self, of oneness with the environment, a feeling often associated with deep meditation and contemplation. On the other hand, the brains of atheists do not show such changes.

One point should be emphasized here. Although location of brain activity, locations correlated with function, can be found by these imaging techniques, such results in themselves do not give a complete understanding of mental activity, a proof that this activity is purely a consequence of material goings-on. It’s very much as if we have a computer with unlabeled inputs and outputs. After some trial and error we discover that one output goes to a display, one input for commands to move a cursor, etc. We’ve determined location and function, but we do not have a complete picture of what goes on in the internal workings of the computer.

A FINAL THOUGHT

We can conclude, I believe, that scientific measurements, including modern imaging techniques — fMRI, SPECT, PET — show us where in the brain functions are performed and what electrical and chemical processes occur for such functions. However, they do not tell us why we know who we are, why “cogito ergo sum” is true for us, but not a computer.

From a series of articles written by: Bob Kurland - a Catholic Scientist

[fittneshub]

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[itsworn]

New Parts From The Classic Truck Aftermarket

Heatshield Products

01. The Heat Is Off You can protect your cab interior from excessive heat generated by drivetrain components, exhaust systems, and conditions with HP Sticky Shield insulation from Heatshield Products. The 1/8-inch-thick fiberglass-based insulation contains a 0.003-inch layer of aluminum to deflect as much as 90 percent of radiant heat. Pre-cut sheets can be trimmed with heavy scissors, have a peel-and-stick adhesive backing that sticks to most surfaces, and are flexible enough to conform to floorpans, firewalls, trans tunnels, and other areas where heat deflection is desired. The material can withstand continuous temperatures as high as 1,100 degrees F, and intermittent heat as high at 2,000 degrees. For more information contact Heatshield Products at (844) 723-2665 or www.heatshieldproducts.com.

Permatex

02. A Cleaner Cleaner The Permatex extensive catalog of automotive maintenance and repair chemical products has expanded with the recent addition to its Fast Orange Hand Cleaner line. Fast Orange Anti-Bacterial Foaming Hand Wash has the advantage if an antibacterial formulation to kills germs while cleaning your hands. Along with removing dirt and grease, this new cleaner is created to disinfect your hands after using a hand cleaner, without drying them out. The cleaner is available in a fresh scent and is available in a 7.5-ounce foaming pump bottle, and has a mild, neutral fresh scent. For more information contact Permatex at (877) 376-2839 or www.permatex.com.

Eddie Motor Sports

03. Handles Like New Make an instant and easy improvement to the exterior of your 1967-1972 Chevy C10 truck by replacing those old original pot metal door handles with these brand-new parts from Eddie Motorsports. Manufactured as a direct replacement, these high-quality handles are precision CNC machined from 6061-T6 billet aluminum, making them more durable and not susceptible to rust and pitting. Eddie Motorsports offers the handles in your choice of five different styles and nine different finishes. The handles are made in America, and are sold in pairs, along with all the gaskets and quality stainless steel fasteners required for simple installation. For more information contact Eddie Motorsports at (888) 813-1293 or www.eddiemotorsports.com.

Trick-Tools

04. Covell’s Tools Have you ever wondered how master metalworker Ron Covell can convince a piece of sheetmetal to do exactly what he wants it to? It’s a combination of knowing what to do, possessing the talent to do it, and having the right tools for the job. Trick-Tools has helped with the third part of that by strategy by teaming up with Ron Covell to develop a set of metal shaping tools. The Covell Signature Line body hammers and dolly blocks incorporate Covell’s favorite designs, perfected during more than 50 years of metal shaping experience and success. These high-quality hand tools are American-made and built to last for years of regular and frequent use. For more information contact Trick-Tools at (641) 628-3860 or www.trick-tools.com.

Speedway Motors

05. Two Chamber Tone Quality mufflers do more than replace ear-splitting noise with a desirable exhaust tone; they improve your truck’s performance by contributing to the scavenging effect, which pulls exhaust from the engine. These welded chamber mufflers from Speedway Motors have a dual chamber design, which provides a lower, throatier note than many single-baffle mufflers—and improves scavenging. Speedway’s mufflers feature a heavy, fully welded, 16-gauge steel case, and come finished in a high-temperature black coating. Inlets and outlets are available in 2.25-, 2.5-, and 3-inch sizes, and several different centered and offset orientations. For more information contact Speedway Motors at (800) 979-0122 or www.speedwaymotors.com.

Wilwood

06. Slow Down Easy If you’ve been planning on improving the stopping performance of your early F-series Ford by swapping the front drum for discs, now is the time. Wilwood offers a new Classic Series front brake system specifically designed for 1948-1956 Ford F-series pickups. The new bolt-on disc brake conversion kit makes the upgrade easy since it doesn’t require any extra modifications to your truck. The package comes with 11.72-inch-diameter heavy-duty rotors, forged aluminum four-piston Superlite calipers, and BP-10 compound metallic-composite SmartPads. In addition, it includes precision mounting brackets, all necessary hardware, and detailed installation instructions. For more information contact Wilwood at (805) 388-1188 or www.wilwood.com.

The post New Parts From The Classic Truck Aftermarket appeared first on Hot Rod Network.

from Hot Rod Network http://www.hotrod.com/articles/new-parts-classic-truck-aftermarket-5/ via IFTTT

[theforbiddeneden]

Metal Hammer issue 388 (18/05/2024) - The 100 Songs that Changed the World

100 SLEEP TOKEN

The Summoning

(TAKE ME BACK TO EDEN, 2023)

The meteoric rise of Sleep Token caught us all by surprise. At the start of 2023, the mysterious masked band were one of the metal underground's buzziest names. Led by enigmatic vocalist Vessel, they were a band to watch, for sure, but firmly attracted the niche passion of a cult following.

A ascensão meteórica do Sleep Token nos pegou de surpresa. No início de 2023, a misteriosa banda mascarada era um dos nomes mais badalados do metal underground. Liderada pelo enigmático vocalista Vessel, eles eram uma banda para ficar de olho, com certeza, mas atraíam firmemente a paixão de nicho de seguidores cult.

Then came the song that would change everything. On consecutive days in early January, the band released two singles from their third album, Take Me Back To Eden: the burning, crashing Chokehold, followed by The Summoning – and it was the latter track that would turn them into an Earth-conquering, expectation-shattering phenomenon.

Então veio a música que mudaria tudo. Em dias consecutivos no início de janeiro, a banda lançou dois singles de seu terceiro álbum, Take Me Back To Eden: o ardente e estrondoso Chokehold, seguido por The Summoning – e foi esta última faixa que os transformaria em um fenômeno avassalador e quebrador de expectativas.

Veering between depraved tech metal, soulful vocals and shimmering electronics, an enormous, hymnal chorus gave way to an Earth-shifting breakdown and screams. In intricate and groove-heavy, The Summoning was more like three songs seamlessly crafted into one genre-fluid modern masterpiece. And it’s still hard to turn out to play: a bending, first-trap, funk outro that went viral on TikTok, turning the internet into a lusty puddle. Suddenly, Sleep Token were the most talked-about band on the planet.

Oscilando entre o metal técnico depravado, vocais soul e eletrônicos cintilantes, um enorme refrão himnal deu lugar a uma quebra de ritmo que abalou a Terra e gritos.

Intrincado e cheio de groove, The Summoning era mais como três músicas perfeitamente elaboradas em uma obra-prima moderna e fluida de gênero. E ainda é difícil não dançar: um outro* funk envolvente que viralizou no TikTok, transformando a internet em uma poça de desejo. De repente, o Sleep Token era a banda mais comentada do planeta.

*Outro: indica que a música está chegando ao fim*

“THERE ARE HINTS OF EARLY SLIPKNOT THERE” Corey Taylor

“HÁ TRAÇOS DO INÍCIO DO SLIPKNOT ALI”

Corey Taylor

“It took me three listens of [The Summoning] to realise that when they do that whole psychedelic section at the end, that it’s actually the same chorus as it was before, only in a completely different way.” Evanescence’s Amy Lee told Revolver. “And I love it even more for that. I thought they just went a whole new direction and wrote a new part, and then I was like, ‘Wait, that’s the same… but not at all.’”

“Levei três audições de [The Summoning] para perceber que quando eles fazem aquela seção psicodélica no final, na verdade é o mesmo refrão que era antes, só que de uma maneira completamente diferente.” Amy Lee, do Evanescence, disse à Revolver. “E eu amo ainda mais isso. Achei que eles simplesmente tinham ido em uma direção completamente nova e escrito uma nova parte, e então fiquei tipo, 'Espera, é a mesma coisa… mas não é.'”

Sleep Token weren’t the most obvious choice for a commercial breakthrough. The success of The Summoning, an unconventional, seven-minute, brutal shapeshifter, bucks just about every music industry trend there is.

O Sleep Token não era a escolha mais óbvia para um avanço comercial. O sucesso de The Summoning, um metamorfo brutal e não convencional de sete minutos, desafia praticamente todas as tendências da indústria musical.

“It’s going to do a lot of different places, and I think there isn’t any other band out there right now that’s able to do that,” Judas Priest frontman Rob Halford said earlier this year.

“Vai a muitos lugares diferentes, e acho que não há nenhuma outra banda agora que seja capaz de fazer isso,” disse Rob Halford, vocalista do Judas Priest, no início deste ano.

The Summoning set a chain reaction in motion that was unprecedented in modern metal. In just a few weeks, the band saw their Spotify figures jump from the thousands into the millions. To date, the track has been streamed more than 110 million times on Spotify and 19 million on YouTube. On release, Take Me Back To Eden went straight in at No.3 in the UK and was the most streamed metal album of 2023. When the band announced a show at Wembley Arena, it sold out in 10 minutes. Earlier this year, they left the metal-heavy roster of Spinefarm Records for RCA, the home of mainstream megastars Justin Timberlake and rapper Doja Cat.

The Summoning desencadeou uma reação em cadeia sem precedentes no metal moderno. Em apenas algumas semanas, a banda viu seus números no Spotify saltarem de milhares para milhões. Até o momento, a faixa foi transmitida mais de 110 milhões de vezes no Spotify e 19 milhões no YouTube. No lançamento, Take Me Back To Eden estreou direto no número 3 no Reino Unido e foi o álbum de metal mais transmitido de 2023. Quando a banda anunciou um show na Wembley Arena, esgotou em 10 minutos. No início deste ano, eles deixaram o elenco pesado de metal da Spinefarm Records para a RCA, casa de megastars do mainstream como Justin Timberlake e a rapper Doja Cat.

“In heavy music, or even in just rock, even in the last decade or 15 years, there’s so few stories of bands ever breaking through,” says Health bassist and producer, John Famiglietti, who supported the band at Wembley and sees Sleep Token’s success as proof metal still can resonate on a massive scale. “This is one of the few times I’ve seen a band go from a fucking club to an arena in six months. And I don’t know the last time that happened.”

“Na música pesada, ou mesmo apenas no rock, nos últimos 15 anos ou mais, há poucas histórias de bandas que se destacaram” diz o baixista e produtor do Health, John Famiglietti, que apoiou a banda no Wembley e vê o sucesso do Sleep Token como prova de que o metal ainda pode ressoar em grande escala. “Esta é uma das poucas vezes que vi uma banda passar de um clube de merda para uma arena em seis meses. E não sei a última vez que isso aconteceu.”

It’s worth pointing out that in the social media era where celebrities and artists are more accessible than ever, Sleep Token have achieved all of this on their own terms. To date they’ve barely done any press, while their masked mystique is all part of the allure. Last year, fans reacted with outrage when bassist III’s identity and birth certificate were allegedly leaked online, seemingly leading to a decision to wipe the band’s Instagram.

Vale a pena destacar que, na era das redes sociais em que celebridades e artistas são mais acessíveis do que nunca, o Sleep Token alcançou tudo isso em seus próprios termos. Até agora, eles quase não deram entrevistas, enquanto seu misticismo mascarado é parte de todo o charme. No ano passado, fãs reagiram com indignação quando a identidade e a certidão de nascimento do baixista III foram supostamente vazadas online, levando aparentemente a uma decisão de apagar o Instagram da banda.

“There are hints of early Slipknot there” Knot vocalist Corey Taylor told The Allison Hagendorf Show in 2023, thinking back to the early internet days before Slipknot removed their masks. “At first, if we were masked, you just got nothing. This is what you get, you figure it out. We’ll let the music speak for ourselves.’”

“Há traços do início do Slipknot ali,” disse o vocalista do SlipKnot, Corey Taylor, ao The Allison Hagendorf Show em 2023, lembrando os primeiros dias da internet antes do Slipknot remover suas máscaras. “No começo, se estivéssemos mascarados, você não recebia nada. Isto é o que você tem, você descobre. Vamos deixar a música falar por nós mesmos.”

Already, Sleep Token are being mentioned in the same breath as potential future Download headliners Ghost, Gojira and Architects. The only difference? Sleep Token have managed to ascend to the arena level those bands are in a fraction of the time. Metal needs new superstars who will push things forward, innovate and keep the scene relevant – and with Sleep Token we have a band we can believe in. DL

Já se fala que o Sleep Token está sendo mencionado no mesmo nível de potenciais futuros headliners do Download como Ghost, Gojira e Architects. A única diferença? O Sleep Token conseguiu ascender ao nível das arenas em uma fração do tempo que essas bandas levaram. O metal precisa de novas superestrelas que impulsionem as coisas adiante, inovem e mantenham a cena relevante – e com o Sleep Token temos uma banda na qual podemos acreditar. DL

Fontes:

Metal Hammer 388, click here Magazine Scanners, click here Portuguese translation theforbiddeneden Transcription English Version from theforbiddeneden

[ariesgamesandminis]

Massive restock is in from Iron Wind Metals!

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[ariesgamesandminis]

Massive Restock for BattleTech!

MASSIVE restock for BattleTech from Iron Wind Metals...and this isn't even ALL of it!

PLEASE REMEMBER...I'm out with my kids this weekend for some fun before they go back to school, so there will possibly be a delay in shipping depending on order volume.

20-209 Rifleman RFL-8D 20-217 Crusader CDR-5K 20-223 Saladin Hover Tank (2) 20-235 Partisan Heavy Tank 20-264 Marauder MAD-9S / MAD-5R 20-279 Clint IIC 20-290 Ajax Assault Tank Prime 20-305 Scorpion Light Tank (2) 20-346 Crimson Hawk 20-382 Heavy LRM Carrier 20-397 Orion ON1-M 20-424 Bombardier BMB-12D 20-450 Hiryo Armored Infantry Transport 20-451 Copper SecurityMech CBK-6 20-482 Xanthos XNT-30 20-496 Thunderbird TRB-D36 Aero Fighter 20-497 Moltke M1 Main Battle Tank 20-5007 Turhan Wheeled Vehicle (2) 20-5016 Apollo APL-1M 20-5021 Deimos 20-5023 Hyena Salvage Mech HYN-4A 20-5025 Mad Cat IV "Savage Wolf" 20-5041 Nyx NX-80 / NX-90 20-5049 Carnivore Assault Tank (Standard) (2) 20-5074 Dola DOL-1A1 20-5082 Gyrfalcon (Standard) 20-5088 Hollander III BZK-D1 20-5093 Lament LMT-2R 20-5096 Dragon II DRG-11K 20-5098 Black Knight BLK-NT-5H 20-5106 Tiburon 20-5110 Carronade CRN-7M 20-5114 Zeus-X ZEU-X4 20-5121 Lu Wei Bing LN-4B 20-5122 Tenshi TN-10-O Prime 20-5123 Wendigo Prime 20-5126 Gun GN-2O Prime 20-5127 Flashman FLS-8K Resculpt 20-5131 Centurion CN11-O Prime 20-5132 Templar III TLR2-O Prime 20-5133 Gotterdammerung GTD-20S 20-5134 Juliano JLN-5A 20-5148 Flea FLE-14 20-5151 Avalanche AVL-1O 20-5155 Cougar Prime / B Resculpt 20-5163 Mongoose Gunslinger MON-66GX 20-5167 Raven II RVN-5X 20-5169 Shadow Hawk SHD-2Hb 20-5170 Ryoken III-XP (Skinwalker) Prime 20-5173 Scourge SCG-WF1 20-5182 Catapult CPLT-C1 / K2 20-5183 Locust LCT-1V / 1E / 1Vb Royal 20-5184 Griffin GRF-1N 20-600RE Vulture "Mad Dog" Prime 20-603RE Mad Cat "Timber Wolf" Prime 20-695 Fire Falcon Prime 20-706 CHIPPEWA FIGHTER CHP-W5 20-723 Warrior Helicopter H-7 20-739 Ontos Heavy Tank (2) 20-741 J-27 Tow Vehicle 20-747 Zhukov Heavy Tank (2) 20-774 Black Knight BL-6-KNT 20-777 Falcon FLC-4N 20-779 Manticore Heavy Tank (2) 20-798 Hammer HMR-3M 20-800 Hex Bases (4) 20-800 Hex Bases (4) 20-802 Mongoose MON-66 20-803 Hoplite HOP-4D 20-806 Hunter Missile Tank (2) 20-822 Demolisher Tank 20-865 Commando COM-2D 20-869 Jenner JR7-D 20-876 Dervish DV-6M 20-879 Clint CLNT-2-3T 20-898 Imp IMP-3E 20-899 King Crab KGC-000 20-932 Vindicator VND-1R 20-976 Hellion Prime 20-983 Mad Cat Mk II 20-991 Shadow Cat Prime AR20-246 EAGLE EGL-2M AR20-248 DONAR ASSAULT VTOL AR20-249 CRONUS CNS-5M AR20-294 MAGI INFANTRY SUPPORT VEHICLE AR20-325 Morpheus MRP-3S AR20-344 Flashfire FLS-P5 AR20-349 HACHIWARA AR20-363 Koto KTO-2A AR20-367 SPIDER SDR-7K / SDR-7K2 AR20-405 Great Turtle GTR-1 AR20-418 Huron Warrior HUR-WO-R4L AR20-421 Ronin SA-RN7 AR20-429 Mantis MTS-S AR20-445 Longshot LNG-2 AR20-466 Neptune Submarine (full and waterline) AR20-637 MANTIS LIGHT ATTACK VTOL (2) AR20-655 Fire Scorpion AR20-720 THRUSH AR20-745 SKULKER WHEELED SCOUT VEHICLE AR20-785 DEMOLISHER II HEAVY TANK AR20-790 SALAMANDER PPR-5S     AR20-931 URBAN MECH IIC     AR20-943 ARCTIC WOLF AR20-957 LAO HU  LHU-2B   AR20-977 CESTUS CTS-6Y   AR20-985 ARCAS 20-9122 Battleforce Hex Base 99-201 Large Flat Top Hex Base #1 99-202 Large Flat Top Hex Base #2 99-203 Extra Large Flat Top Hex Base ATLASLTD-12 Limited Edition Jumping Atlas BT-004 Afreet Battle Armor BT-005 Grenadier Battle Armor BT-006 Phalanx Battle Armor BT-008 Void Battle Armor BT-011 Thor "Summoner" B BT-019 Leopard BT-026 Union BT-028 Cavalier Battle Armor BT-031 Infiltrator MK 2 BT-064 Trike BT-065 Minigun Cycle BT-067 Golem Battle Armor BT-129 Infiltrator Mk I Battle Armor BT-130 Hauberk Battle Armor BT-132 Clan Medium Battle Armor BT-133 Corona Battle Armor BT-160 Elemental Battle Armor Point BT-172 Prowler Tank BT-178 Jade Hawk JHK-03 BT-187 Djinn Battle Armor BT-192 Purifier BA C (2 pc) (advancing) BT-197 Aerie Battle Armor BT-198 Tengu Battle Armor BT-199 Asura Md. Battle Armor BT-200 Shedu Assault Battle Armor BT-201 Nephilim Assault Battle Armor BT-202 Rogue Bear Heavy Battle Armor BT-207 Delphyne ProtoMech BT-209 Se'irim Medium Battle Armor BT-210 Armorcast 28mm Elemental Battle Armor BT-217 Dragon's Breath BT-224 Heavy Jump Infantry BT-230 Kopis Battle Armor BT-231 Ironhold Battle Armor BT-232 Warg Battle Armor BT-234 Davion Firefighter ATV BT-239 Jump Support Infantry BT-243 XTC Marine BT-245 Heavy Infantry - Firing BT-250 Ignis Infantry Support Tank BT-251 Blood Asp A BT-252 Blood Asp E BT-253 Cauldron-Born "Ebon Jaguar" Prime BT-257 Concordat Frigate BT-260 Sprint Scout VTOL BT-269 Sling SL-1G BT-270 New Sytris Carrier BT-271 Conqueror Battle Cruiser BT-272 Davion Destroyer BT-273 Osteon D BT-276 Maxim Hover Tank (3058) BT-278 Panther PNT-9R BT-282 Pandion Combat WiGE BT-283 Svartalfa Ultra ProtoMech (Standard) BT-291 Super-Griffin GRF-2N-X BT-292 Shiro SH-2P BT-294 Hatamoto-Suna HTM-30S BT-303 Vulture Mk III Prime BT-305 Thor II Prime BT-306 Thor II B BT-311 Savior Repair Vehicle BT-312 Gun Trailers (2) BT-319 Wheeled APC BT-320 Tracked APC BT-321 Hover APC BT-322 Rifleman RFL-1N BT-326 Stinger LAM MK I STG-A1 (Air Mech) BT-335 PWWKA S-PW-1LAM (Air Mech) BT-343 Tomahawk II A BT-346 Griffin GRF-1A BT-348 Centurion CN9-D / CN9-AL Resculpt BT-349 Lament LMT-4RC BT-351 Mad Cat MK II 5 BT-363 Swiftwind Scout Car BT-364 Gabriel Hovercraft BT-369 Elemental Battle Armor (3) BT-370 Kurita Infantry (3) BT-371 Davion Infantry (3) BT-372 Savannah Master Hovercraft BT-381 Basic Inner Sphere Battle Armor (3) BT-385 Grey Death Legion Battle Armor (3) BT-387 Gnome Battle Armor (3) BT-388 Salamander Battle Armor (3) BT-390 Fa-Shih Battle Armor (3) BT-391 Fenrir Battle Armor (1) BT-393 Kage Battle Armor Squad (4) BT-395 Centurion CN9-YLW / CN9-YLW2 "Yen Lo Wang" BT-397 Gùn GN-2O A BT-399 Shadow Hawk SHD-2K BT-403 Highlander HGN-738 BT-407C Orion ON1-H Arm Sprue BT-408 Loki II A BT-411 Archer ARC-1A BT-413 Marauder Battle Armor BT-416 Testudo Siege Tank (Standard) BT-418 Saladin MK II HCV BT-419 Wolverine WVR-1R BT-425 Uziel UZL-8S BT-427 Balac Strike VTOL (Standard) & (LRM) BT-429 Catapult CPLT-C2 (Dark Age) BT-430 Wulfen H BT-434 Leonidas Battle Armor BT-437 Regulator Hovertank (Arrow IV) BT-438 Von Rohrs (Hebis) VON-4RH-5 BT-439 Black Wolf Battle Armor BT-440 Bellerophon BEL-1X BT-442 Wulfen A BT-444 Flatbed Truck (2) - Cargo & Wpn options CE-001 Primitive Shadow Hawk FT-002 Boomerang Spotter Plane FT-003 Sea Skimmer FT-005 Monitor Naval Vessel FT-008 Avatar AV1-OB FT-012 Nightsky NGS-5T FT-025 Samurai Mech Scale Fighter FT-026 Sabre Mech Scale Fighter FT-027 Gotha Mech Scale Fighter MS-001 Union Dropship OP-005 Thor B Arms (2) (from BT-11) OP-007 Thor C Left Arm (from 20-320) OP-029 Gladiator C Left Arm OP-030 Gladiator C Right Arm OP-033 Gladiator E Left Arm OP-034 Gladiator E ATM 9 OP-040 Gladiator E Torso OP-045 Black Hawk C SRM4 OP-084 Masakari Torso OP-097 Generic Missile Launcher (3) OP-098 Missile Launcher Front Panel (3) OP-099 Gauss Rifles OP-100 Ultra Autocannons OP-101 Hyper-Assult Gauss Rifles OP-102 Inner Sphere PPC's OP-103 LB-X Autocannons OP-104 Extended Range Lasers and PPC OP-105 Pulse Lasers OP-106 Small Launcher Plates OP-107 Medium Launcher Plates OP-108 Large Launcher Plates OP-109 XL Launcher Plates OP-110 XXL Launcher Plates OP-111 Inner Sphere Small, Medium, and Large Launchers OP-112 Inner Sphere XL and XXL Launchers OP-113 Clan Small, Medium, and Large Launchers OP-114 Clan XL and XXL Launchers SFB-016 Upper Stackable Steel Building 20-220C Longbow Missile Pod Sprue 20-233C Warhammer IIC Missile Sprue I 20-233D Warhammer IIC Missile Sprue II 20-317D Ostroc 4C Arms Sprue 20-325C Morpheus Left Arm 20-325D Morpheus Shoulder Pad 20-326D Loki Anti-Personal Pod Sprue (From 20-326) 20-360C Paladin Arms Sprue 20-412E Grigori Weapon Pod Sprue II 20-413B Archangel Spikes/Arm Sprue 20-432B Valiant DA Mech Legs 20-432C Valiant DA Mech Arm Sprue 20-432D Valiant DA Mech Shield Sprue 20-442B Copperhead Arm Sprue 20-453G Pariah Jump Jet Sprue (from 20-453) 20-5136 Hound HD-2F Weapon Sprue 20-603E Mad Cat (Omni) Missile Pack 20-605E Masakari (Omni) Right Arm 20-605F Masakari (Omni) Left Arm 20-610D Black Hawk (Omni) Arms 20-613C Koshi (Omni) Arm Sprue 20-616B Grand Titan TIT-N10M Right Arm 20-616C Grand Titan TIT-N10M Left Arm 20-616GN Grand Titan TIT-N10M Small Gun 20-617B Tempest TMP-3M Right Arm 20-617C Tempest TMP-3M Left Arm 20-627BTUR LRM Carrier Turret 20-699AMG Emperor EMP-6A Arm / Gun 20-779TRT Manticore Heavy Tank Turret 20-780AGN Hussar HSR-200D Arm / Gun Sprue 20-793GN Hollander BZK-F3 Gun 20-802ARM Mongoose MON-66 Arm Sprue 20-810B Hatamoto-Chi Fin / PPC Sprue 20-864ARM Hatchetman Arm Sprue 20-873FNS Spider Fins 20-888ARM Grasshopper Arm Sprue 20-969B Banshee Arm Sprue 20-987A/WP Locust Arm / Weapon Sprue 20-988ARM Phoenix Hawk Arm Sprue 20-993D Thunderbolt Arm Sprue

www.ariesgamesandminis.com

#battletech #alphastrike #ironwindmetals #miniatures #catalystgamelabs #battlemech #mechwarrior #mwo #mecha #tabletop #tabletopgames #tabletopgaming #wargaming #wargames #hobby #scifi #sciencefiction #miniaturepainting #mech #hovertank #6mmminis #6mmscifi #tank #dougram #gundam #robotech #armypainter #thearmypainter

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[pamphletstoinspire]

Catholic Physics - Reflections of a Catholic Scientist - Part 49

Story with images:

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/catholic-physics-reflections-scientist-part-49-harold-baines/?published=t

The Theology of Science Fiction: III. Does Data have a soul?

Asimov's Robots, from

"I Robot -- Runaround"

Theological Objection “Thinking is a function of man’s immortal soul. God has given an immortal soul to every man and woman, but not to any other animal or to machines. Hence no animal or machine can think."

Rebuttal to Objection “It appears to me that [The Theological Objection] implies a serious restriction of the omnipotence of the Almighty. It is admitted that there are certain things that He cannot do such as making one equal two, but should we not believe that He has freedom to confer a soul on an elephant if He sees fit? We might expect that He would only exercise this power in conjunction with a mutation which provided the elephant with an appropriately improved brain to minister to the needs of this soul.” Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence.

“Never tell a child,” said George Macdonald, ‘you have a soul. Teach him, you are a soul; you have a body." See Mere Orthodoxy

Let's start off on a light note.  A long time ago when computers were still new (yes, it was that long ago), when I was at my first academic assignment, the head of the division dealing with computers gave a talk on artificial intelligence for computers.  One of the humanities faculty in the audience put a question after the talk "Would you want your daughter to marry one[i.e. a computer]?".  Legend has it (I wasn't there) that he answered "Yes, if she loved him".

When we inquire about the souls of computers/robots we assume that computers/robots have a mind/self-awareness/consciousness.  That some sort of programmed intelligence can be conscious (self-aware) is a hotly debated proposition.  A book would be required (many have been written) to explore this notion.  We don't want to write that book here, so let's suppose, as do SF authors, that consciousness is possible by some means or another for computers and robots and see what SF has to say about them having souls.*

I WANT TO BE A COMPUTER WHEN I DIE

As a transition to considering machine intelligence, let's examine how SF treats the transfer of human intelligence/personality into computers or robots. Note that one theoretical physicist, Frank Tipler, in his book, "The Physics of Christianity", posits that heaven will consist of personalities transferred to software as the universe reaches its end in an "Omega Point' singularity. Since it is a black hole type singularity, time is slowed down and the intelligences transferred to software thus have essentially an eternity to enjoy their virtual life.

Among the many SF stories that deal with transferred human intelligence, there is one that especially focuses on the question of soulhood, Deus X, by Norman Spinard. Spinrad treats the question with respect, although his attitude to the Catholic Church is somewhat less than reverent (there is a female Pope, Mary I).  Below is a summary of the plot, as given in McKee's excellent survey, The Gospel According to Science-Fiction:

"...thousands of people exist in an artificial afterlife called 'Transcorporeal Immortality', having copied their consciousness onto a worldwide computer network called 'The Big Board'....Catholic theologian Fr. Philippe de Leone argue[s] that this creation of an artificial soul, which cannot have true self-awareness, dooms the actual soul that is copied to damnation.  Pope Mary I, hoping to settle the controversy, orders Fr. DeLeone to have his soul copied upon his death, so that his consciousness can argue against its own autonomous existence from the other side."  as quoted in The Gospel According to Science Fiction. p.43

Superficially, Pope Mary's plan seems to contain a paradox.  If the downloaded Fr. de Leone changes "his" mind and says "yes, I am a real soul", how can we trust what an artificial soul might say?  The solution to the paradox is that all of Fr. de Leone's beliefs have been downloaded to his program.  If these beliefs are changed, it means that the entity in the computer has free will, and is thus autonomous and a real soul.   In the story Fr. DeLeone's soul is "kidnapped" (how do you kidnap a program?) by a group of downloaded personalities that wants to convince the Church, via Fr. de Leone's download, that they have a real soul. As McKee points out in his synopsis, there is a reverse Turing Test applied here. Fr. de Leone does change his mind, the downloaded personalities declare him a deity ("Deus X") and a new controversy arises: Church officials declare how could this blasphemy come about.  To still the controversy, Fr. de Leone sacrifices his downloaded personality (dies), Pope Mary declares him a saint and recognizes that the downloaded souls are "real".

THE CHURCH AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE -- "GOOD NEWS FROM THE VATICAN"

There are many SF works in which the Catholic Church plays a role.  In some, the Church and its teachings are treated with respect; in most, not so much.  As Gabriel McKee points out in The Gospel According to Science Fiction

"SF, arising as it does from the secular humanism of the Enlightenment, is critical of religious institutions.  SF frequently argues that if organized religion is to be a positive force in the future of humankind, it must change drastically to meet the spiritual challenges of the future." Gabriel McKee, op.cit., p. 183

One such drastic change is envisaged by Robert Silverberg in his story Good News from the Vatican.

In his story there are robot priests and robot high Church officials.  One such, a robot Cardinal, is elected Pope after a deadlock between two human cardinals.  The story ends with the newly elected robot pontiff rising into the air from the balcony before the assembled masses in St. Peter's Square and, as he goes up

"...his shadow extends across the whole piazza.  Higher and higher he goes until he is lost to sight." Robert Silverberg, Good News from the Vatican.

Does Silverberg, with a sense of irony -- the shadow cast over the piazza, and the Pope lost from sight--predict the eclipse of humanity and human values?  Or am I reading too much into this ending?

A more sympathetic view of how the Church might interact with artificial intelligence is given in Jack McDevitt's fine story, "Gus"**. In this beautiful tale, the newly installed rector of a Catholic Seminary interacts with a computer simulation of St. Augustine of Hippo, purchased (the simulation, that is) to help students understand St. Augustine's teachings. The Rector, Msgr. Chesley, is at first greatly displeased with Gus's (the program's) dicta:

" 'The thing must have been programmed by Unitarians' Chesley threw over his shoulder. 'Get rid of it'" "Gus" in Cryptics, p. 373.

The relationship between Chesley and Gus becomes warmer with time, as they discuss the problems of being a Catholic in today's world:

“ 'Why did Augustine become a priest?'  Chesley asked.  

'I wanted,' Gus said, with the slightest stress on the first words, 'to get as close as I could to my Creator.' Thoughtfully, he added, 'I seem to have traveled far afield.'  

'Sometimes I think,' Chesley said, 'the Creator hides himself too well.'

'Use his Church,' said Gus. 'That is why it is here.'

'It has changed.'

“Of course it has changed. The world has changed.'

'The Church is supposed to be a rock.'

'Think of it rather as a refuge in a world that will not stand still.' " op. cit., p. 382,

Gus's sayings to the students become so unorthodox (he decries the doctrines/dogma of the infallibility of the Pope and the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary) that other faculty decided he should be downloaded to storage and traded in for a computer simulation of Thomas Aquinas (plus business software).  Gus asks Msgr. Chesley to hear his Confession and then destroy him, so he can have peace:

" 'I require absolution, Matt.'

Chesley pressed his right hand into his pocket. 'It would be sacrilege,' he whispered.

'And if I have a soul, Matt, if I too am required to face judgment,what then?'

Chesley raised his right hand, slowly, and drew the sign of the cross in the thick air. 'I absolve you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.'

'Thank you...There’s something else I need you to do, Matt. This existence holds nothing for me. But I am not sure what downloading might mean.'

'What are you asking?”

'I want to be free of all this. I want to be certain I do not spend a substantial fraction of eternity in the storeroom.'

Chesley trembled. 'If in fact you have an immortal soul,' he said, 'you may be placing it in grave danger.'

'And yours as well. I have no choice but to ask. Let us rely on the mercy of the Almighty.'

Tears squeezed into Chesley’s eyes. He drew his finger- tips across the hard casing of the IBM. 'What do I do? I’m not familiar with the equipment.'

'Have you got the right computer?'

'Yes.'

'Take it apart. Turn off the power first. All you have to do is get into it and destroy the hard disk.'

'Will you — feel anything?'

'Nothing physical touches me, Matt.'

Chesley found the power switch... He found a hammer and a Phillips screwdriver. He used the screwdriver to take the top off the computer.  A gray metal box lay within. He opened it and removed a gleaming black plastic disk. He embraced it, held it to his chest. Then he set it down, and reached for the hammer. In the morning, with appropriate ceremony, he buried it in consecrated soil." op.cit., pp.388-389

Even though I am moved to tears when I read this, do I believe that a computer program will have a personality, a soul?  Not likely***.

DOES DATA HAVE A SOUL?

This will go somewhat afield.  Given the title of this post, it is required that an inquiry into Data's soul be addressed.  (For those who aren't Trekkies, Data is the android navigator in the second Star Trek series, Star Trek: the Next Generation.  He aspires to humanity and sometimes reaches and even surpasses that state.)  There is a problem, however, in that whether Data has a soul is never considered in any of the episodes, possibly because the word "soul" (not in reference to music) is anathema to writers and producers of popular entertainment.  So in the episode, "The Measure of a Man", the question "Is Data a sentient being" is asked, rather than "Does Data have a soul".

The question is addressed in a trial, to see if Data, as a "sentient being", has the right to refuse to be disassembled for study and refitting.  Captain Picard acts in Data's behalf and Commander Riker, under duress, as the prosecutor.  Riker attempts to demonstrate that Data is a machine by switching him off:

"[Riker is doing his duty in the courtroom]

Commander William T. Riker: The Commander is a physical representation of a dream - an idea, conceived of by the mind of a man. Its purpose: to serve human needs and interests. It's a collection of neural nets and heuristic algorithms; its responses dictated by an elaborate software written by a man, its hardware built by a man. And now... and now a man will shut it off.[Riker switches off Data, who slumps forward like a lifeless puppet]

Commander William T. Riker: Pinocchio is broken. Its strings have been cut." The Measure of a Man, Quotes.

Captain Picard gives a stirring defense, arguing that the question of whether Data is conscious--self-aware--has not and can not be settled, any more than whether one can be certain that another person is conscious except by external behavior.   And finally the question of soulhood is addressed minimally:

"Captain Phillipa Louvois [The Judge]: It sits there looking at me; and I don't know what it is. This case has dealt with metaphysics - with questions best left to saints and philosophers. I am neither competent nor qualified to answer those. But I've got to make a ruling, to try to speak to the future. Is Data a machine? Yes. Is he the property of Starfleet? No. We have all been dancing around the basic issue: does Data have a soul?[emphasis added] I don't know that he has. I don't know that I have. But I have got to give him the freedom to explore that question himself. It is the ruling of this court that Lieutenant Commander Data has the freedom to choose." [notice the shift from "it" to "he"] ibid.

And so Data is left free, and the question of whether he has a soul, undetermined--as in the Scottish verdict, "Not Proven".

MORE TO COME

In the fourth post of this series, I'll explore end-times, the Eschaton.

REFERENCES

see the first post in this series

*Along with Roger Penrose and John Searle, I don't believe that consciousness is a product of algorithmic processes, i.e. that the brain is a meat computer. But that's a post for another day.

**Scroll down to #1, "Gus".

***As always, I asked my wife to review this post before publishing. I asked her whether she was moved by the story of Gus. She replied, "If it were St. Augustine on his death-bed talking to his confessor, yes; but a black plastic disc--never!"

From a series of articles written by: Bob Kurland - a Catholic Scientist

[ariesgamesandminis]

Restocks & OmniMech Variant Parts!!!

Just in...some restocks for Iron Wind Metals Battletech Mechs & Vehicles...but SURPRISE...we've started stocking some of the Clan OmniMech Variant Parts!!! This is just the beginning...more are on the way in the next order!

20-235 Partisan Heavy Tank 20-279 Clint IIC 20-292 Hermes HER-1A 20-320 Ryoken "Stormcrow" Prime / B 20-323 Pouncer Prime 20-364 Dragonfly "Viper" Prime 20-373 Dasher "Fire Moth" Prime 20-376 Koshi "Mist Lynx" Prime 20-406 Preta C-PRT-O Invictus 20-414 Fenris "Ice Ferret" Prime 20-440 Fireball ALM-7D / ALM-8D 20-5046 Talos TLS-1B 20-5148 Flea FLE-14 20-600RE Vulture "Mad Dog" Prime 20-603RE Mad Cat "Timber Wolf" Prime 20-605RE Masakari "Warhawk" Prime 20-607RE Daishi "Dire Wolf" Prime 20-654 Hunchback IIC 20-674 Falconer FLC-8R 20-723 Warrior Helicopter H-7 20-780 Hussar HSR-200-D 20-781 Kintaro KTO-20 20-798 Hammer HMR-3M 20-800 Hex Bases (4) 20-802 Mongoose MON-66 20-804 Crab CRB-27 20-805 Flea FLE-15 20-822 Demolisher Tank 20-935 Axman AXM-2N AR20-388 Grand Crusader II GRN-D-04 AR20-616 Grand Titan TIT-N10M AR20-918 STALKING SPIDER BT-160 Elemental Battle Armor Point BT-363 Swiftwind Scout Car BT-370 Kurita Infantry (3) BT-371 Davion Infantry (3) BT-372 Savannah Master Hovercraft BT-403 Highlander HGN-738 OP-001 Thor / Loke Legs (From 20-326/377) OP-004 Thor A/C SRM 6 (From 20-386) OP-013 Thor E ATM Pod OP-016 Thor M Left Arm (From 20-337) OP-017 Thor M Right Arm (From 20-337) OP-018 Loki A Left Arm OP-019 Loki A Right Arm OP-020 Loki Spotlight OP-021 Loki A LRM 20 (From 20-603RE) OP-022 Loki B Left Arm OP-024 Loki C Left and Right Arm (From BT-010) OP-026 Loki H LRM 15 OP-027 Gladiator A Left Arm OP-029 Gladiator C Left Arm OP-030 Gladiator C Right Arm OP-031 Gladiator D Left Arm OP-032 Gkadiator D Right Arm OP-033 Gladiator E Left Arm OP-034 Gladiator E ATM 9 OP-035 Gladiator H Right Arm OP-038 Dragonfly A Right Arm Pod OP-041 Black Hawk A Arms OP-043 Black Hawk B Left Arm OP-045 Black Hawk C SRM 4 OP-048 Dasher H Left Arm OP-049 Dasher H Right Arm OP-052 Koshi B SRM 6 OP-053 Masakari A Left Arm OP-061 Man O War A Pod OP-062 Man O War A Right Arm OP-063 Man O War B Right Arm OP-064 Man O War D Pod OP-066 Puma B Right Arm 20-950WP Clan Elemental (25mm) Weapon Sprue

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