#melanin reduction

[blandushealth]

This will get you glowing skin: Blansil 2.5% Anti-pigmentation Lotion

The Power of Silymarin to Eliminate Coloring In the goal for finest skin, BLANSIL 2.5% Cream is the existing development in skin care. This new anti-pigmentation lotion harnesses the remarkable benefits of silymarin, an efficient plant comprehended for its antioxidant residential or business buildings and capacity to combat indicators of aging. If you're wanting to boost your skincare regimen with a product that reveals this, BLANSIL 2.5% Serum could be the one for you. Juice extracted from the milk thistle plant. Its health advantages have actually long been understood, yet the current research study is showing its potential in skin treatment. Silymarin is understood for its effective antioxidant household or commercial homes that aid in fighting cost-free extreme damages, one of the major culprits of very early skin aging.

Advantages: lowers coloring and improves skin quality.

We conducted research where the individuals were divided right into 3 teams: one made use of a silymarin lotion with an emphasis of 7 mg/ml, the numerous other team used a silymarin lotion with a focus of 14 mg/ml, and a placebo team. After utilizing the anti-pigmentation twice daily for four weeks, the results were unsuitable: Group I saw total loss of the sores by the fourth week. happened.   A friend for dark areas. You can expect the adhering to benefits when you include this thing in your skin treatment regimen: Minimizes Melanin Production: BLANSIL helps to re-regulate melanin production for more likewise complexion. The serum eliminates dark spots and hyperpigmentation for radiant skin.

Just how to use BLANSIL 2.5% Anti-pigment Lotion?

For finest outcomes, utilize BLANSIL 2.5% product two times daily, ideally early morning and evening, after cleansing and prior to hydrating. This allows blood to penetrate deep right into the skin and supply its advantages. Concentrating on silymarin, this medicine provides a clinically tried and tested solution to lower coloring and make the face extra vibrant. If you are serious about your skin therapy and are looking for products that provide top notch skin glow, BLANSIL 2.5% anti-pigmentation lotion could be your next skin therapy must-have. See blandushealthcare.in or obtain BLANSIL 2.5% serum currently!

[amnhnyc]

Have you ever seen a white Common Raven (Corvus corax)? No, this isn’t a new species… or a ghost. 👻 This Raven’s striking pale plumage is the result of the genetic mutations leucism or albinism. Leucism is a reduction in all types of pigmentation, including melanin. Albinism is the inability to produce or distribute melanin. One hint to tell the difference? Individuals affected by leucism often have blue eyes, while individuals with albinism have pink eyes. White Common Ravens are rare. An estimated 1 in 30,000 individuals is born without this species’ signature black plumage.

Photo: Cos van Wermeskerken, CC BY-NC 4.0, iNaturalist

[justkidneying]

Albinism

Albinism is a disease that causes a defect in the normal synthesis or transport of melanin. There are a couple different types, but the main distinction is the difference between oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and ocular albinism.

Oculocutaneous Albinism

OCA is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation. There are seven different mutations that can cause albinism, though OCA1 to 4 are the common ones (with OCA2 being the most common). All of these different mutations affect the melanin pathway (the chemical reaction steps to turn phenylalanine into melanin).

OCA1 is caused by a mutation in the tyrosinase gene, which causes a lack of an enzyme in the melanin production pathway. There are actually two types of OCA1, with one having no tyrosinase, and the other having reduced tyrosinase. OCA1 is the most extreme form of albinism, which gives a person very pale skin, white hair, and light eyes.

The OCA2 gene (located on chromosome 15) encodes for the P protein, which is a transporter of a melanin precursor. This gene also has a large role in the color of iris a person will have. Those with OCA2 will have light skin, lighter brown or blond hair, and light colored eyes.

So basically, someone with a defect in either one of the transporters or enzymes of the pathway will not be able to have their melanocytes produce normal melanin. This leads to pale skin, white hair, and light-colored eyes (but it is a spectrum depending on the exact type).

Ocular Albinism

Ocular albinism is an X-linked mutation (a portion of the X chromosome is mutated). This means it affects males more than females. It causes loss of pigmentation in the iris. OA1 is the most common, and is associated with uncontrolled eye movements. OA2 is associated with color and night blindness. There is also a third type that is associated with deafness, but sometimes that also happens with OA1.

A fun fact: there is a type of albinism that only affects non-human animals called leucism. This leads to a partial loss of pigmentation that affects the hair, scales, feathers, and skin of the animal, but not the eyes. You can see this in white lions that have normally-colored eyes and noses.

Albinism and Eyesight

Now onto the role melanin plays in eye function. Albino people have poor eyesight as a result of their melanin deficiencies. But why? We're going to have to go into some eye stuff to answer this question.

So your retina has two parts: temporal and nasal (two halves, one closer to your temple and one closer to your nose). The input from each half is processed with the opposite half from the other eye. I have another post that explains this better. So, the optic nerves meet at the optic chiasm, with some fibers staying on the same side, and other fibers crossing over. Mammals with forward-facing eyes have larger temporal retina than mammals with lateral-facing eyes (like a guinea pig). About half of the optic fibers also remain uncrossed at the chiasm because of this.

Most people with albinism have almost all of their fibers cross at the chiasm, which is essentially a misrouting of very important sensory information. The eye structure is also changed with albinism, as most albino people have poorly formed fovea (the depression in the center of the retina where vision is the sharpest). They also have more blood supply than normal to the foveal area (it is supposed to be avascular). The retinal macula is usually poorly developed and there is a reduction in cone density (what allows you to see color).

Stereovision is also impaired, which is the ability to discern three-dimensional information about objects using the difference between the inputs from each eye. Those with albinism are also more likely to have nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) and strabismus (crossed eyes).

Albinism and Hearing

Now, onto the ear. The eye and ear are very intimately connected. The ear lets the eye know where to look for threats. This means that the visual and auditory spaces within the brain interact. Fun fact: when blind people are asked to localize sounds, the visual cortex is more engaged than the auditory cortex. Albino animals have fewer binaural cells, and more difficulty visually locating the source of sounds. A lot of the stuff related to this goes beyond the scope of what I want to explain here, but just understand that melanin is important for the development of both the auditory and visual systems of the brain.

Albinism and Immune Function

Finally, I want to discuss the immune system. Melanocytes are important cells for immune function, and release a lot of immune-promoting factors. For some reason, a lot of people think of those with albinism as having weak immune systems or being sickly. If you'll notice what I said earlier about the cause of albinism, it is a lack of transporters or enzymes in the melanin pathway. Not the lack of melanocytes. People with albinism still have these cells, it is only their ability to produce melanin that is impaired.

However, there are immune conditions that affect melanocytes, such as Chediak-Higashi syndrome. This is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects lysosomal trafficking proteins, and causes lysosomal function to be impaired. People with this disease will have frequent infections, platelet function impairment, as well as albinism. This means that albinism does not cause immune deficiency, but is a symptom of conditions that also affect the immune system.

[shiningthroughpcos]

Understanding Laser-Based Hair Reduction (LBHR): A Tailored Solution for PCOS

Living with PCOS often means managing a range of challenging symptoms, including hirsutism, or excessive hair growth. For many of us, finding a reliable and long-term solution to reduce unwanted hair feels like an endless journey. Laser-Based Hair Reduction (LBHR) stands out as a promising option—especially for those grappling with the persistent, stubborn hair growth that accompanies PCOS.

LBHR uses advanced technology to target the hair follicle beneath the surface of the skin, addressing the root cause rather than offering a temporary fix. This precision sets LBHR apart from traditional methods like shaving and waxing. This is why we recommend shaving before your session; we’re targeting the melanin in the root of the hair follicle rather than the hair shaft itself.

The Science Behind LBHR

Contrary to popular belief, LBHR does not target hair directly. Instead, it employs concentrated light to focus on the pigment within the hair follicle (Ibrahimi et al., 2011). The concept of selective photothermolysis (SPTL) is crucial here, as it selectively damages the hair follicle while protecting the surrounding skin, leading to long-term results (Ibrahimi et al., 2011).

The extended theory of SPTL suggests that laser treatment can effectively disrupt the stem cells and nutrients within the bulge of the hair follicles through the diffusion of heat, significantly delaying terminal hair growth (Ibrahimi et al., 2011). Unlike waxing or shaving, which offer temporary solutions, LBHR leads to lasting changes in hair growth patterns, making it particularly valuable for those with hirsutism (Kang et al., 2021).

The Theory Behind Laser Based Hair Reduction [Image]. (2019). DermaNu Clinic. https://www.dermanuclinic.com/blog/laser-hair-removal-and-how-does-it-work.aspx

Why LBHR is a Game-Changer for Managing PCOS Symptoms

For those of us with PCOS, excess hair growth can feel overwhelming and exhausting. We’ve already discussed how hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated levels of androgens (male hormones), lead to hair that grows thicker and faster. While traditional hair removal methods like shaving or waxing may seem more accessible and cost-effective in the short term, they only provide temporary relief. These methods often require frequent maintenance—whether weekly or bi-weekly—which can quickly become burdensome.

LBHR offers a more targeted, long-term approach. One of its key advantages for people with PCOS is its ability to significantly reduce hair over time. By damaging the hair follicle and the cells responsible for regrowth, laser treatments decrease both the density and thickness of hair, impeding the rate of growth and leading to longer-lasting results.

Many of us with PCOS have noticed visible changes—hair that grows back slower, finer, and thinner after consistent laser sessions. Since a full hair growth cycle takes around a month, it’s important to schedule your initial treatments about four weeks apart to target hair during its active growth phase. While it’s impossible to pinpoint the exact phase each individual hair is in (as each one can be in a different phase), treating hair every four weeks increases the likelihood of targeting a significant portion during the anagen phase. This approach helps weaken the hair progressively, session by session.

Additional Benefits Beyond Hair Reduction

Skin Texture and Odour Management

In addition to reducing hair growth, LBHR helps improve skin texture and manage odour. For people with PCOS, hirsutism can sometimes result in rough skin, often known as “chicken skin” (keratosis pilaris). With less hair growth, the skin’s surface gradually smooths out over time.

LBHR also helps reduce body odour by minimising hair in areas where sweat and bacteria tend to accumulate. This can be especially helpful for those who struggle with odour related to excessive hair growth, as less hair means fewer places for moisture and bacteria to be trapped.

Minimises Ingrown Hairs

One of the major benefits of LBHR, particularly for individuals with PCOS, is the reduction of ingrown hairs. Unlike waxing or shaving, which can lead to ingrown hairs as the hair grows back, laser treatments target the hair follicle itself, thereby reducing the chances of hair growing incorrectly beneath the skin.

Time-Saving in the Long Run

While LBHR may require an initial commitment of several sessions, it ultimately saves time in the long run. People with PCOS often have to deal with daily or weekly maintenance using other methods, whereas LBHR significantly extends the period between hair regrowth, reducing the time and effort spent on hair removal.

Less Irritation

Unlike traditional methods like shaving, which can lead to irritation, razor burns, and cuts, or waxing, which can cause skin trauma, laser treatments tend to be gentler on the skin when performed by a trained clinician. This makes LBHR a great option for individuals with sensitive skin, including those dealing with PCOS-related sensitivity.

Improved Confidence and Emotional Wellbeing

For many with PCOS, excessive hair growth can be a source of insecurity. The long-term results from LBHR can contribute to improved self-confidence and emotional wellbeing, as it minimises the need for constant hair removal and reduces the psychological burden of managing hirsutism.

Weighing the Challenges of LBHR for PCOS

However, LBHR isn't without its challenges. The process requires multiple sessions over several months, which can be both time-consuming and costly. The financial commitment is often the largest barrier, especially since those with PCOS typically need to treat larger areas of the body where hair growth is most excessive. Depending on the severity of hirsutism and an individual’s hair type, results may vary. While I and many others with PCOS have experienced a reduction in hair growth, it’s crucial to understand that LBHR does not permanently remove hair. Rather, it reduces it, and hormonal fluctuations can still lead to regrowth. I know I’ve mentioned this before, and it may seem repetitive, but it’s frustrating to see how often LBHR is misadvertised as a permanent solution.

A specific challenge we've touched on previously—and which is essential to emphasize—is paradoxical hypertrichosis. This condition occurs when the heat from the laser stimulates hair growth in areas where it was previously sparse or absent. This is most likely to happen when non-hairy areas are treated or where the hair is finer and lighter. Since laser targets the pigment in the hair follicle, it can be less effective on finer hair, complicating proper targeting. If paradoxical hypertrichosis does occur, the only way to manage this unexpected hair growth is through continued treatments at higher settings. This underscores the importance of only treating areas where hair growth is already a concern and being cautious of clinics that offer full-body laser packages without proper consultation. While these packages may seem cheaper in the short term, they could lead to more frustration down the line.

It’s also important to address a common misconception, much like with shaving, that laser can increase hair growth in certain cases. Paradoxical hypertrichosis most often occurs on the face and neck for women, as well as the upper torso for men and individuals with hormonal imbalances. It’s more common than many realize, affecting up to 10% of laser clients, particularly those from ethnic backgrounds associated with darker and coarser hair. I wish someone had informed me about this earlier because, having started laser treatments at a young age, I’ve personally experienced hair growth on my back where I previously had very little. This has been a frustrating outcome, and I’m sharing this to ensure others don’t face the same situation unknowingly.

Making Informed Choices

As we navigate the complexities of LBHR, it’s essential to approach treatment with a well-informed perspective. While LBHR has proven to be a valuable option for many, understanding both its potential and limitations can empower individuals with PCOS to make the best decisions for their unique circumstances.

Education and Consultation

Before starting LBHR, thorough consultations with experienced clinicians are crucial. They can provide tailored advice based on individual hair types, skin tones, and specific needs. It’s also important to have open conversations about any concerns regarding paradoxical hypertrichosis and other potential side effects, especially how LBHR interacts with sun exposure and medications. This proactive approach ensures that you’re prepared for the process and can make necessary adjustments based on your body’s responses.

Realistic Expectations

Setting realistic expectations is key. While many individuals see significant improvements in hair density and texture, it’s essential to remember that each person’s experience can and will vary. Some may require fewer sessions, more sessions, or different settings to achieve their desired results. By acknowledging this variability, you can reduce the risk of frustration and disappointment as you embark on your hair reduction journey.

Holistic Approach to PCOS Management

Finally, it’s vital to view LBHR as part of a broader strategy for managing PCOS symptoms. Combining laser treatments with lifestyle changes and medical management can yield even more benefits. This holistic approach can help address not just excess hair growth but also other aspects of PCOS, such as hormonal imbalances and skin health.

While LBHR offers a promising solution for those grappling with the challenges of hirsutism due to PCOS, it’s crucial to remain educated, set realistic goals, and seek professional guidance. By doing so, you can navigate this journey with confidence, taking significant steps toward reclaiming your comfort and self-esteem. If, after following along, you decide that LBHR is not the right option for you, that’s completely understandable. The most important thing is having all the information needed to help you arrive at this conclusion.

Until next time, Luciana 🤍

References

Ibrahimi, O. A., Avram, M. M., Hanke, C. W., Kilmer, S. L., & Anderson, R. R. (2011). Laser hair removal. Dermatologic Therapy, 24(1), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01382.x

The Theory Behind Laser Based Hair Reduction [Image]. (2019). DermaNu Clinic. https://www.dermanuclinic.com/blog/laser-hair-removal-and-how-does-it-work.aspx

[madamlaydebug]

Sunglasses are not ideal and if you don’t need to wear them, then you probably shouldn’t.

They trick the brain into thinking that it’s dark due to their dark lens. This leads to a reduction in the production of melanin which is essential for vitamin D synthesis. Wearing sunglasses therefore increases your risk of low vitamin D and sunburn.

Your eyes need natural light. Natural light from the sun helps to perfectly align your circadian rhythm with your surroundings, which so many processes inside your body rely on.

Sensitivity to brightness from the sun is usually an indicator of a vitamin A deficiency. In this case, try and increase your intake of foods rich in retinoic acid (the animal form of vitamin A which is about 20 times more bioavailable than the plant form: beta carotene) - Foods such as grass fed butter, pasture raised egg yolks, liver, and wild caught cod liver oil.

[downwithneocolonialism]

White supremacy's biggest lie is pretending misogyny affects their women. That's just another tool they can use to cry about how PWESSED they are. If they lack melanin they're not oppressed.

Wrong. There are intersections of oppression.

This is the same sentiment as "the patriarchies biggest lie is pretending racism effects men" Such an unhelpful and reductive line of thought.

[dcndrohime]

Eyes HC (Alternatively Melanin HC)

General.

Teyvat may be known to possess plethoras of people with the strangest of eyes (& details) but there is a minority of people who gets to experience a change in eye color, are oft diseased. PDS (pigment dispersion syndrome) being a most common illness which cause pigment loss in the eye and additional issues; such as an increase in eye pressure, pigmentary glaucoma.

However, eyes are also genes concerned, hereditary, unless something occured to force a change in one's peripheral vision (curses, illnesses, lack of proper sun exposure, etc.)

Natural Causes

She specifically had Eumelanin; melanin cells responsible to making darker colors for eyes, hair, the skin. She started of with eumelanin ( a type of Melanin) rather than the majority of babies, essentially because sun exposure is neccessary to the production of melanin pigments in order to develop a shift in eyes color upon aging.

In Hinamori's case, it is hereditary, for she has her father's eyes. Her eyes were eventually bound to shift from a dark color to something lighter, hence why they turned out a shade of teal over the years, only to stop maturing.

Even if she were to be struck by PDS (which would not happen to begin with, her father didn't suffered that), they are treatments for this or at gaining her Dendro Vision, it would have removed that affliction, part of which why her Dendro Conversion ability makes it hard for her to get sick with something more permanent (or heriditary) than trivial.

Albeit, there are other causes tied with melanocytes (group of cells where melanin is produced and makes it responsible towards eyes, skin and hair colors. One of the primary reason why this happened to Hinamori, is mainly her diet, what she generally consumes.

Certain food enables a controlled reduction in melanin, for high increase in melanin can cause complications and meddle with skin health or cause Hyperpigmentation (amongst others problems; such as a lack of protection against the sun's UV rays.)

Cheese.

Eggs.

Milk.

Yogurt.

Carrots.

Tomatoes.

Pumpkin.

Ginger.

Just to name a few, are tied with the decrease of melanin, even for the eyes.

Genes typically determine one's eye color (or details), although this pertains more to humans and animals to an extension rather than someone who has been cursed or does not classify as human (synthetic/divine beings most likely)

Needless, this reduction of melanin pigment, namely occured over the years because of what food she eats. She has long matured, therefore, the Eumelanin no longer responded. If anything, at this point, she keeps watch on her diet, primarily avoiding fatty foods, which can also explain how she scarcely go for meaty products & fried dishes, much to her canine nature/traits.

Circulated rumor.

There was a time where people, Inazumans mostly, spread a rumor that she might have gotten her eyes color changed because of her Dendro Vision or that she is wearing contact lens.

Eventually, that rumor died, not because the truth has been revealed but rather, it grew boring for some to try and figure it out. The rumor simply died at this point.

It simply ties with the fact, she made herself scarce throughout her whole childhood accompanied by a lack of (public) presence during the Inazuma Arc.

In these times, she stayed anonymous (under the radar), which gave her the time needed for eyes to shift in color under everybody's noses. But neither is it public knowledge, they're just eyes, nothing formidable about it. So there is/was no point for her to say anything.

[ravusnightblossom]

Leucism 

Hardly surprising, but Ravus carries a peculiarity referred to as leucism.

Leucism is a genetic condition in which there is partial loss of pigmentation resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, cuticle, but less frequently the eyes.

It is caused by a reduction in multiple types of pigment, not just melanin, and is often mistaken with albinism. Because albinism affects all melanin production in a being's cells, this means that partial albinism cannot exist. This phenomenon then becomes diagnosed as leucism, the partial loss of all types of pigmentation, including carotenoids. 

In the rare percentage of humans who carry this condition, the most common traits are white or grey-toned hair, exceptionally pale skin, light-coloured eyes, sometimes tinted to appear violet.

In some cases, it is even known to grow in visual intensity as the gene carrier ages. (Seldom does it cause any health impairments, save for in certain species of birds.)      

[shivani97]

Best Skin Care For Acne and Pigmented Skin – Lukewarm Glycolic Solution

A skincare product called Lukewarm Glycolic Solution has been quite well-liked in recent months. It has been marketed as the all-in-one treatment for acne scars and pigmented skin. In this essay, we will discuss how this product may help you obtain perfect, pigmented-free skin. 

Let's first examine the root causes of pigmentation and acne marks. The pigment that gives our skin its colour, melanin, overproduces, which results in pigmentation. Several factors, including sun exposure, hormonal changes, and the use of certain drugs, can cause this. On the other hand, acne marks are brought on by skin irritation, which, if left untreated, can result in scarring. 

An example of an alpha-hydroxy acid is glycolic acid, which is present in the Lukewarm Glycolic Solution (AHA). The removal of dead skin cells and stimulation of cell turnover are two ways that AHAs are recognised for exfoliating the skin. This facilitates pore cleaning, wrinkle and fine line reduction, and skin texture improvement. Due to its capacity to thoroughly enter the skin and stimulate collagen synthesis, glycolic acid in particular is a preferred option for treating pigmentation and acne marks.

[magicpotions123]

Unlock Radiant Skin: The Proven Benefits of Vita Glow Night Cream for Skin Whitening and Lightening

In the quest for flawless, radiant skin, the choice of skincare products plays a pivotal role. Among the myriad options available, Vita Glow Night Cream stands out as a distinguished solution, especially for those aiming to achieve lighter and more luminous skin. This article will delve into the remarkable benefits of this cream, backed by its unique formula, and guide you on how to integrate it seamlessly into your skincare regimen.

The Science Behind Vita Glow Night Cream

Vita Glow Night Cream is formulated with a blend of natural ingredients renowned for their skin-lightening properties. The cream works at a cellular level to inhibit the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. By controlling melanin synthesis, Vita Glow aids in reducing dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tones, promoting a brighter and more even complexion.

One of the cream’s key ingredients is Glutathione, a powerful antioxidant known for its skin-whitening effects. Alongside Glutathione, the cream is enriched with vitamins and minerals that nourish the skin, repair damaged cells, and provide protection against environmental stressors. Regular application of Vita Glow Night Cream not only lightens the skin but also contributes to its overall health and vitality.

How to Use Vita Glow Night Cream for Best Results

For optimal results, incorporate Vita Glow Night Cream into your nightly skincare routine. Follow these steps:

Start by cleansing your face thoroughly to remove any impurities or makeup residue.

Apply a small amount of Vita Glow Night Cream evenly on your face and neck.

Gently massage the cream into your skin using upward circular motions until it is fully absorbed.

Consistency is key when using Vita Glow Night Cream. With regular use, you should begin to see noticeable improvements in your skin tone and texture within a few weeks.

Integrating Vita Glow Night Cream into Your Skincare Regimen

While Vita Glow Night Cream is effective on its own, its performance can be enhanced when used in conjunction with a well-rounded skincare regimen. Ensure to cleanse, tone, and moisturize your skin regularly, and always apply sunscreen during the day to protect your skin from harmful UV rays.

For those interested in incorporating Vita Glow Night Cream into their skincare routine, you can find more information and purchase options by visiting Magic Potions. Here, you can explore additional product details and read testimonials from satisfied users.

Final Thoughts

Achieving a lighter, more radiant complexion is a common goal for many individuals. With Vita Glow Night Cream, you have a proven solution at your fingertips. Remember, the key to successful skin whitening and lightening lies in the consistent and correct use of the product, coupled with a healthy skincare routine.

Embrace the journey towards brighter, healthier skin with Vita Glow Night Cream, and discover the transformative effects it can have on your complexion. Visit Magic Potions today to begin your journey toward achieving the radiant skin you've always desired.

[softbutchthatlovesyou]

I can't assess all of this but I want to adress the statement on black people as a black person.

That... is reductive. Not all Black People Have more melanin. Some with very dark parents come out very light, or mixed race black people may be another skin tone completely and still be black.

To say all Black People have more melanin is leaving out plenty of black people and is extremely inappropriate.

This is then used to decide which of us are more appropriate to degrade. I'm darker than my brother who is white passing as hel because His dad is irish, and so its no wonder people feel more comfortable asking him for things like the "n word pass" and calling me degrading name when I ask them not to say it around me.

He's more likely to get a job for looking white despite the fact that on paper he's mixed african american and faces other discrimination based on that.

No black person can be reduced to the same experiences or features and saying so is racist as best.

being so fr when I say that transmisogyny has put feminism back like 50 years

[justkidneying]

Paradoxical contraction

If you want to dilate or contract your pupil, what do you do? You contract your muscles, of course. It sounds odd, but contracting two different muscles either leads to the enlargement or the reduction of pupil size. I'll explain how and also point out a flaw I've seen in a few fics before.

Look at that iris (the colored part of the eye). See how there are two parts to it? There is a bigger circle with larger folds, then a smaller inner circle with lots of little folds. The bigger ring is the pupillary dilator muscle. Its muscle fibers are radial (like cartoon sun rays), meaning that when it contracts, it pulls the opening of pupil back, making it larger (mydriasis). Its innervated by the sympathetic system (fight or flight). The smaller ring of muscle is the pupillary sphincter, which has fibers arranged in a ring around the pupil. When it contracts it causes the tightening of the circle, and the constriction of the pupil (miosis). It is innervated by the parasympathetic system (rest and digest/feed and breed). It is also activated as part of the accommodation triad, which allows you to focus on objects that are near to you. The top layer of both muscles is covered by epithelium that has melanocytes (melanin producing cells that give animals color).

And for the writers: I've come across the phrase "his pupils constricted in fear" before. The sphincter that contracts when you are afraid (using your sympathetic nervous system) is your asshole, not your pupillary sphincter. When you are afraid, your eyes dilate, which makes sense because you want to be able to see everything.

[shiningthroughpcos]

Maximising Your Laser Results: Preparation, Aftercare, and Realistic Expectations

Hello again! If you’ve been following along, you’ll know that LBHR is one of the most popular treatments for managing excessive hair growth caused by PCOS. But as we dive deeper into this process, it’s important to recognise that booking your consultation is only the first step. Preparation, aftercare, and understanding how to maintain your results are key, especially since, for many of us with PCOS, the typical six sessions recommended for most people will not be enough (Liew, 2002).

Preparation for LBHR: Setting Yourself Up for Success

Avoiding Prolonged/Excessive Sun Exposure: One of the most important pre-session steps is to avoid direct sun exposure. Tanned skin can increase the risk of burns or pigmentation changes due to the laser (Alamri et al., 2023).

Shaving Before Treatment: Make sure to shave the treatment area a day before your session—this allows the laser to effectively target the root of the hair follicle without the hair shaft getting in the way (Mustafa & Jaafar, 2015).

Avoid Waxing or Plucking: It’s crucial not to remove the hair from the root (like with waxing or plucking) before your laser sessions, as the laser needs the follicle intact to adequately target the melanin within the hair follicle.

Check Medications and Skincare Products: Some medications or topical skincare products, known as ‘photosensitisers,’ can increase your skin’s sensitivity to the laser. Always inform your clinician about your prescriptions and skincare routine, even if it seems minor (Kerstein et al., 2014).

Aftercare: Protecting Your Skin for Optimal Healing

Cool Down: During your session, cooling methods like a cold air attachment or cooling gel may be used to soothe the skin. At home, continue to keep the area cool—use ice packs or aloe vera gel to relieve any redness or irritation. This is particularly important for darker skin tones, as clinical endpoints (like redness and swelling) may appear later (Vaidya et al., 2023).

Moisturise Regularly: Keep the treated area moisturised using a thick, emollient-type moisturiser to help protect the skin from excessive water loss. Avoid any products with ingredients like retinol or AHAs/BHAs for 2-3 days post-treatment, as these can irritate the more sensitive, lasered skin (Vaidya et al., 2023).

Avoid Sun Exposure: Just like before your treatment, protecting your skin from the sun afterward is essential. Use a broad-spectrum SPF 50+ to prevent hyperpigmentation (Hamzavi et al., 2020).

Gentle Cleansing: Stick to mild cleansers, and avoid hot showers, saunas, or strenuous workouts that cause sweating for at least 24-36 hours post-treatment. Sweating can trap moisture in swollen hair follicles, potentially leading to rashes or infections (Arsiwala & Majid, 2019).

Maintaining Results and Understanding the Process

While LBHR offers long-term reduction in hair growth, it’s important to remember that this journey is a process—it’s not an instant fix. For those with PCOS, the typically recommended six sessions are often not enough, and you’ll likely need additional treatments to see significant changes. Here’s why:

Hormonal Impact: With PCOS, fluctuating hormone levels continuously stimulate hair growth, which means more than six sessions are often necessary to achieve lasting results. Each session weakens the hair follicles further, which is why consistency is key. Remember, if you’re waxing between sessions, you’re removing the root that the laser targets, so it’s best to stick with shaving.

Regular Treatments: Consistent treatments, spaced every 4-6 weeks, are essential for targeting hair during its active growth phase. While this may feel frequent at first, patience and consistency are what lead to noticeable results. You’ll likely notice slower hair growth, and the hair that does return will be thinner and sparser. In my experience treating patients with PCOS, most clients start seeing these effects around the 6-7 session mark, with hair shedding naturally after it weakens.

Maximising My Results: What Else Should I Do?

Stay on Top of Hormonal Management: Since PCOS is closely linked to hormone imbalances, working with a healthcare provider to manage your hormones—whether through medication or lifestyle changes—can enhance the effectiveness of your laser treatments. For me personally, hormonal management became much more controllable after I was prescribed Metformin by a specialist. While I can’t recommend specific treatments, I strongly encourage seeing a medical professional to keep your PCOS under control.

Choosing the Right Clinic/Clinician: Not all lasers are created equal. Ensure you select a clinic with advanced technology and experience in treating individuals with PCOS, especially across diverse skin tones. You may have heard that darker hair on lighter skin achieves quicker results, but modern laser modalities can effectively treat all skin types. Regardless of your skin tone, as long as you have dark hair, there’s a suitable laser for you.

LBHR is a powerful tool for managing PCOS-related hair growth, but achieving the best results requires thoughtful preparation, diligent aftercare, and realistic expectations. With consistency and proper support, this journey can lead to significant, long-lasting results. Don’t hesitate to consult with your healthcare provider to tailor your treatment plan, and always be patient with the process. By following these guidelines, you’ll be well on your way to maintaining and maximising your results

Luciana 🤍

References

Alamri, G. E., Bondagji, M., Kinkar, L. I., Almasoudi, E., Fageeh, S. M., Asiri, L. G., & Bahashwan, E. (2023). Knowledge and attitude regarding the use of sun protection to prevent adverse laser events among the general population in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50157

Arsiwala, S., & Majid, I. (2019). Methods to overcome poor responses and challenges of laser hair removal in dark skin. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 85(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_1103_16

Hamzavi, I., Fatima, S., Braunberger, T., Mohammad, T., & Kohli, I. (2020). The role of sunscreen in melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 65(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijd.ijd_295_18

Kerstein, R. L., Lister, T., & Cole, R. (2014). Laser therapy and photosensitive medication: A review of the evidence. Lasers in Medical Science, 29(4), 1449-1452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-014-1553-0

Liew, S. H. (2002). Laser hair removal. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 3(2), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200203020-00004

Mustafa, F. H., & Jaafar, M. S. (2015). Shaving area of unwanted hair before laser operation is useful in cosmetic procedure: A simulation study. Journal of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, 19(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssdds.2013.10.001

Spritzer, P. M., Marchesan, L. B., Santos, B. R., & Fighera, T. M. (2022). Hirsutism, normal androgens and diagnosis of PCOS. Diagnostics, 12(8), 1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081922

Vaidya T., Hohman, M. H., & Kumar, D. D. (2023). Laser Hair Removal. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507861/

[hypermascbishounen]

-rolls in from the side of the screen and unfolds into the autism creature-

These are functional definitions for some animals, but is not necessarily what albinism means either! **Albinism and other pigment effecting conditions don't actually have very consistent definitions, especially across species**, but most typically: albinism means a severe congenital and abnormal reduction in overall *melanin* not a total loss of "pigment". This is why in many reptiles, such as an albino burmese pythons, are patterned banana yellow.

In humans, there's at least 7 types of occulocutaneous albinism. And many albino people are blond and grey/blue-eyed, while the majority of blond and grey/blue-eyed people are not albino. There's even people with albinism whose hair is red or light brown. Occular albinism, only effects the eyes. The genetics involved defines albinism, more than a phenotype. People with red eyes and white hair are not the only albinos.

Most of these conditions, can occur across a spectrum of phenotypes, and present or function differently in different animals. We just don't always have all the genetic factors mapped out for most species.

(Additionally, I'm not quite sure why you included conditions of hyperpigmentation alongside albinism, a form of hypopigmentation, when you didn't reference melanism. The comparative conditions to albinism, would be anerythristicism and axanthism, which is the absence of the red and yellow pigments respectively)

No because the way I get so VISCERALLY angry when someone refers to an animal as albino when they’re actually leucistic, erythristic, or xanthochromatic is both deeply irrational and greatly unhealthy

ALBINISM

Total loss of pigmentation in the body, i.e. skin, hair/fur/feathers, and eyes (the eyes look pink/red because the lack of pigment in the eye exposes the blood vessels within it to light, which then reflects their red hue)

LEUCISM

Partial loss of pigmentation in the body; the pattern of pigment distribution is unique in each case, so some people or animals with this condition may have patches of typically-colored skin/hair/fur in addition to pigmented eyes, while others may only have the aforementioned ocular pigmentation

ERYTHRISM

Abnormal prevalence of reddish pigment in the skin/hair/fur/feathers of an animal; concentration of this pigment varies case by case, so humans/animals with the condition can present anywhere from only slightly pink to intensely red in color; to my knowledge, the condition does not affect the eyes

XANTHOCHROMISM

Abnormal prevalence of yellow pigment in the skin/hair/fur/feathers of an animal; similar to erythrism, color intensity can vary from light golden hues to deep yellows; again, to my knowledge, the condition does not affect the eyes

Thank you for coming to my TED Talk

[vcareskinandhair]

Best Grey Hair Treatment

Greying hair, also known as canities, is the natural process of hair losing its pigment and turning grey or white. It occurs due to a gradual reduction in melanin production, the pigment responsible for hair colour. While greying is typical for ageing, it can also occur prematurely due to various factors. However, VCare provides a permanent solution with its grey hair treatment in Chennai.