#mauritania🇲🇷

[xtruss]

About one-third of all shark species are threatened—and tens of millions are killed each year ​by commercial fishing industries. Photograph By David Maupile/Laif/Redux

Sharks Are Still Being Killed At High Rates—Despite Bans On Finning

Shark fishing regulations, including bans on cutting off fins, increased tenfold since 2000. Yet a new study shows that deaths may have actually ticked up as new markets for shark meat emerge.

— By Tim Vernimmen | January 11, 2024

In 2019 at least 79 million sharks died in fisheries, and at least 25 million of those belonged to threatened species—numbers that have stayed steady or even risen in the past decade.

Compared to 10 years ago, fewer of those sharks died because people cut off their fins and threw them back into the sea—a practice known as finning that is now prohibited in about 70 percent of countries and overseas territories. But regulations that have reduced the frequency of finning have not saved shark lives, an international research team reports in the journal Science this week.

“If anything, global shark mortality has slightly increased,” says Boris Worm, a marine ecologist at Dalhousie University in Canada. Now most sharks are landed whole, and a growing demand for shark products has driven fisheries to continue catching the animals.

Worm and seven colleagues spent the past three years collecting data on shark mortality and fishery regulations. “This was really a challenge,” he says, “as shark fisheries are notoriously underreported. We compiled everything we could find, from catch numbers to data from observers on boats in international waters to estimates of coastal fishing that include recreational, artisanal, and even illegal fishing.”

Employees of the Kowalski fishing industry in Santa Catarina, Brazil, wash sharks recently caught in ocean fishing. Photograph By Victor MoriyamaFor National Geographic

A counter in a Chinese medicine shop in Taipei sells shark fins. Photograph By Michael Wolf Estate/Laif/Redux

The global analysis reveals that even though there has been a tenfold increase in regulations on shark fishing and finning, mortality in the past decade remained more or less the same, with estimates of 76 million dead sharks due to fishing in 2012 and at least 80 million in 2018. Given that not all catches are reported in sufficient detail and some aren’t recorded at all, the researchers say, the number of deaths is likely to be significantly higher.

A Shark 🦈 Market

Marine ecologist Nicholas Dulvy of Simon Fraser University in Canada, who has not involved in the study, points out finning regulations did help “to ensure many catches could be identified to the species level, which is necessary for catch and trade limits” and also aids research. “Regulation of international trade has now begun, with the protection of over 100 shark species under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,” he says.

While these trade regulations appear to have led to fewer sharks getting killed in international fisheries, coastal fisheries have started catching more sharks.

To try to understand why that might be, the researchers interviewed 22 experts including scientists, conservationists, and people working in fisheries or companies that process shark products. “They’ve told us that existing markets for shark products have expanded,” says marine conservation scientist Laurenne Schiller of Carleton University in Canada, a co-author of the study. “Which may be due in part to the increased availability of sharks resulting from anti-finning regulations.”

Shark meat, even from endangered sharks, is increasingly found in a variety of food products, and not just in still-popular shark fin soup. Shark is also often used in fish and chips, in ceviche, or as a fraudulent alternative for swordfish.

In addition, shark cartilage and liver oil are common ingredients in the medical and cosmetics industries. “Many beauty products contain squalene,” Schiller says, “which usually, but not necessarily, derives from sharks. So it���s good to look for products that use plant-based alternatives instead.”

The researchers say that that to save sharks, anti-finning laws clearly do not suffice, and there need to be more extensive fishing regulations.

“There are 29 countries and overseas territories that have already prohibited shark fishing in their waters,” says Worm. “The Bahamas, for example, have discovered that sharks were worth much more as a dive attraction for the ecotourism industry, which is booming. On average, we see such prohibitions are the only tool that consistently reduced mortality, so we would encourage that.”

Fishermen go out fishing sharks in Cananeia, a coastal town in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Restrictions on species allowed for fishing have led many local fishermen to specialize in other fish and crustaceans such as shrimp and sea bass. Photograph By Victor MoriyamaFor National Geographic

Gillnets Kill

In places where people depend on fisheries for their livelihoods or sustenance, bans may not be appropriate, but keeping fisheries at sustainable levels is crucial to maintaining wild populations.

“This includes, of course, science-based catch limits for sharks,” says Schiller. “But many interviewees also told us about the dangers of unselective fishing gears, like gillnets.” These walls of netting that hang vertically in the water column are designed to catch fish by their gills, and they tend to entangle every animal that is too large to fit through the mesh. “Our own analyses show they are commonly used in the places we identify as mortality hotspots. So phasing them out and encouraging more selective practices in places like Indonesia, Brazil, Mauritania, or Mexico could have a big impact,” Schiller says.

“We know that shark populations are under enormous pressure from fishing throughout much of the world’s oceans,” says marine biologist Colin Simpfendorfer of James Cook University in Australia, who was not involved in the study, “and the data presented in this new paper add further evidence.”

While finning regulations have not led to decreased shark deaths, Simpfendorfer points out they weren’t designed to reduce catches, but to prevent suffering and the waste of sharks being killed for their fins alone.

Without increased efforts to protect sharks, at least one in three species will face the threat of extinction, and many more are suffering population declines.

“I have many colleagues who are oceanographers, and they tell me that in the 70s and 80s, there were always sharks following the vessel because of the kitchen scraps they threw overboard—typically oceanic whitetips, a formerly very abundant species that is now endangered and hardly ever seen. I’ve never seen one in my life,” says Worm. “That’s when you get that sinking feeling that something is really wrong with the way we’re treating them. We should fix that, and we can.”

[mapsontheweb]

Richat Structure/Eye of Sahara (قلب الريشات) Adrar Plateau, Mauritania 🇲🇷

by @725Hemeed

[carnumero16]

.ೃ࿐ ANA LE HABIBI | F1 DRIVERS

a series of F1 x arab!readers because we deserve love and more representation ✨

inspired by @f1version’s series! full credits to them ❤️

DRIVERS i write for include ...

charles leclerc, max verstappen, lando norris, oscar piastri, alex albon, daniel ricciardo, lewis hamilton, carlos sainz, yuki tsunoda, pierre gasly

REQUEST rules include ...

nothing nsfw, i accept oneshots, moodboards and smaus, i will write up to 2 requests per country!

COUNTRIES include ...

🇩🇿 algeria

🇧🇭 bahrain

🇰🇲 comoros

🇩🇯 djibouti

🇪🇬 egypt

🇮🇶 iraq

🇯🇴 jordan

🇰🇼 kuwait

🇱🇧 lebanon

🇱🇾 libya

🇲🇷 mauritania

🇲🇦 morocco

🇴🇲 oman

🇵🇸 palestine

🇶🇦 qatar

🇸🇦 saudi arabia

🇸🇴 somalia

🇸🇩 sudan

🇸🇾 syria

🇹🇳 tunisia

🇦🇪 united arab emirates

🇾🇪 yemen

أنا لحبيبي وحبيبي إلي ... .ೃ࿐

[readyforevolution]

Top 11 Largest Ethnic Groups in Africa

1. Hausa (78 Million people)

67 million of them live in Nigeria 🇳🇬. However, they are also found in sizable numbers in Niger🇳🇪, Benin🇧🇯, Ivory Coast🇨🇮, Sudan 🇸🇩, Ghana 🇬🇭, Chad🇹🇩, Togo🇹🇬 and Burkina Faso 🇧🇫.

2. Yoruba (47 Million people)

Found in West Africa, especially in Nigeria 🇳🇬 (43.4 million) and Benin 🇧🇯 (1.4 million).

3. Igbo (45 Million people)

Found in Nigeria 🇳🇬 and Guinea 🇬🇼

4. Oromo (40 Million people)

Found in Ethiopia 🇪🇹 and Kenya 🇰🇪

5. Amazigh (+40 million people)

Found primary in Morocco 🇲🇦 and Algeria 🇩🇿, but are also found in Tunisia 🇹🇳, Libya 🇱🇾, Egypt 🇪🇬, Mali🇲🇱, Mauritania🇲🇷 and Niger. 🇳🇪

6. Fulani (40 million people)

7. Found in Nigeria 🇳🇬, Mali🇲🇱, Guinea 🇬🇼, Cameroon 🇨🇲, Senegal 🇸🇳 and Chad 🇹🇩.

8. Amhara (+30 Million people)

Found in Ethiopia 🇪🇹

9. Akan (20 million people)

Found in Ghana 🇬🇭 and the Ivory Coast🇨🇮

10. The Somali (20 million people)

Found in Somalia 🇸🇴, Djibouti 🇩🇯, Somaliland🇮🇹 Ethiopia 🇪🇹 and Kenya 🇰🇪.

11. The Hutu (18.5 Million people)

Found in Rwanda 🇷🇼 and Burundi 🇧🇮

[melhindips]

Four days later, the youth of the world are revolting everywhere. 🔻

The day of the revolutionary youth in all countries against the terrorist Jewish occupation everywhere, from everywhere, from Palestine, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Djibouti, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Mauritania, Sudan, Libya, Yemen, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Somalia and all countries of the world, the day of revenge, we are facing youth and a new generation that knows the meaning of the terrorist Jews, we are facing the day of rage in all cities of the world.

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🇿🇼🇻🇺🇻🇳🇼🇫🇼🇸🇿🇦🇽🇰🇾🇹🇾🇪🇻🇳🇻🇪🇻🇮🇻🇨🇻🇬🇻🇦🇺🇿🇺🇾🇹🇻🇹🇼🇹🇿🇺🇦🇺🇬🇺🇲🇺🇸🇺🇳🇹🇹🇹🇷🇹🇴🇹🇳🇹🇲🇹🇱🇹🇰🇹🇯🇸🇾🇸🇿🇹🇦🇹🇨🇹🇩🇹🇫🇹🇬🇹🇭🇸🇽🇸🇻🇸🇹🇸🇸🇸🇷🇸🇴🇸🇳🇸🇲🇸🇩🇸🇪🇸🇬🇸🇭🇸🇮🇸🇯🇸🇰🇸🇱🇸🇨🇸🇧🇸🇦🇷🇼🇷🇺🇷🇸🇷🇴🇷🇪🇵🇲🇵🇳🇵🇷🇵🇸🇵🇹🇵🇼🇵🇾🇶🇦🇵🇱🇵🇰🇵🇭🇵🇬🇵🇫🇵🇪🇵🇦🇴🇲🇳🇬🇳🇮🇳🇱🇳🇴🇳🇵🇳🇷🇳🇺🇳🇿🇳🇫🇳🇪🇳🇨🇳🇦🇲🇿🇲🇾🇲🇽🇲🇼🇲🇴🇲🇪🇲🇵🇲🇫🇲🇶🇲🇬🇲🇷🇲🇭🇲🇸🇲🇰🇲🇹🇲🇱🇲🇺🇲🇲🇲🇻🇲🇳🇱🇸🇱🇹🇱🇺🇱🇻🇱🇾🇲🇦🇲🇨🇲🇩🇰🇾🇰🇿🇱🇦🇱🇧🇱🇨🇱🇮🇱🇰🇱🇷🇰🇼🇰🇷🇰🇵🇰🇳🇰🇲🇰🇮🇰🇭🇰🇬🇮🇷🇮🇸🇮🇹🇯🇪🇯🇲🇯🇴🇯🇵🇰🇪🇮🇨🇮🇩🇮🇪🇮🇲🇮🇳🇮🇴🇮🇶🇭🇺🇭🇹🇭🇷🇭🇳🇭🇲🇭🇰🇬🇾🇬🇼🇬🇲🇬🇳🇬🇵🇬🇶🇬🇷🇬🇸🇬🇹🇬🇺🇬🇧🇬🇩🇬🇪🇬🇫🇬🇬🇬🇭🇬🇮🇬🇱🇬🇦🇫🇷🇫🇴🇫🇲🇫🇰🇫🇯🇫🇮🇪🇺🇪🇦🇪🇨🇪🇪🇪🇬🇪🇭🇪🇷🇪🇸🇪🇹🇨🇿🇨🇴🇩🇪🇨🇵🇩🇬🇨🇷🇩🇯🇨🇺🇩🇰🇨🇻🇩🇲🇨🇼🇩🇴🇨🇽🇩🇿🇨🇾🇨🇫🇧🇹🇧🇦🇨🇬🇧🇻🇧🇱🇨🇭🇧🇼🇧🇲🇨🇮🇧🇾🇧🇳🇨🇰🇧🇿🇧🇴🇨🇱🇨🇦🇧🇶🇨🇲🇨🇨🇧🇷🇨🇩🇧🇸🇨🇳🇧🇮🇧🇭🇧🇬🇧🇫🇧🇪🇧🇩🇧🇧🇧🇦🇦🇶🇦🇷🇦🇸🇦🇹🇦🇺🇦🇼🇦🇽🇦🇿🇦🇴🇦🇲🇦🇱🇦🇮🇦🇬🇦🇫🇦🇪🇦🇩🇦🇨

[workersolidarity]

🇲🇷🇺🇲🇮🇱🇵🇸 🚨

PROTESTS AGAINST THE SLAUGHTER IN GAZA AND ITS BACKERS CONTINUE

Protests against Israel's genocidal war in Gaza and it's material backers continue as people across the world stand in solidarity with Palestinians under siege and bombardment in the Gaza Strip, and endure violence, arrests and raids in the occupied West Bank.

📹 A demonstration in front of the American embassy in Mauritania in support of Gaza and the Palestinian resistance.

12/11/2023

#source

@WorkerSolidarityNews

[forafricans]

Seen in Nouakchott, Mauritania by Yvan Rodic via IG

“Inspiring women of #Mauritania 🇲🇷❤️💚💛

During my trip in the Northwestern African country, I had the opportunity to meet with members of the new generation of creative and entrepreneurial women.

You can find interviews with some of them in my Mauritania Highlights.

1. Aziza @azizasega, fashion entrepreneur

2. De Aïchetou @dankobera, jeweler

3. Baba, works at a guesthouse

4. Kadiata @niukud, fashion designer

5. Hawa @hikariyayaba, communication manager

6. Betty @candeved, communication & marketing manager

7. Wenibik @wenibikgueye, music artist”

[moneeb0930]

22 Most Famous and Powerful kingdoms/Empires in the History of Afrika....Know who you Are

1) The Songhai Empire (1401-1600) - Niger 🇳🇪, Mali 🇲🇱, Mauritania 🇲🇷, Senegal 🇸🇳, Nigeria🇳🇬, Guinea 🇬🇳, The Gambia🇬🇲, Algeria (south) 🇩🇿, Burkina-Faso🇧🇫, and Ivory Coast 🇨🇮, Chad 🇹🇩

2) The Kingdom of Kemet and Cush over 11k history before invaders - Egypt 🇪🇬

3. The Great Igala/Attagara Kingdom (800BC - 1700 AD)- Nigeria 🇳🇬/Uganda/Kenya/South Sudan/Congo/Sierra Leone

4) The Aksumite( Axum) Empire(100-940 CE) - Ethiopia/Eritrea 🇪🇹/🇪🇷

5) The Mali Empire (1235 to 1670)- Mali 🇲🇱, Senegal 🇸🇳, Burkina Faso 🇧🇫, Niger 🇳🇪, Guinea 🇬🇳, The Gambia 🇬🇲, Guinea-Bissau 🇬🇼, Ghana 🇬🇭

6) The Great Benin Empire(40BC-1897AD) - Nigeria 🇳🇬

7) The Empire of Ghana( Wagadu 601 - 1240) - Mauritania 🇲🇷, Senegal🇸🇳

8) The Great Zimbabwe Empire (1220-1450 CE)- 🇿🇼

9) The Ethiopian Empire ( Abyssinia ) 1270 (beginning of Solomonid Dynasty) until 1974 - Ethiopia 🇪🇹

10) The Kingdom of Kush (1069 BCE and 350 CE) - Sudan/ South Sudan 🇸🇩/🇸🇸

11) The Kingdom of Kongo ( 1301 - 1665 ) - Angola 🇦🇴 DRC 🇨🇩 Congo 🇨🇬 and Gabon 🇬🇦

12) The Oyo Empire.(1300s-1835) - Nigeria 🇳🇬

13) The Carthage Empire (814 BC–146 BC)- Tunisia 🇹🇳

14) Kanem-Bornu Empire. (1396-1893)- Nigeria 🇳🇬

15) The Mutapa Empire (c. 1450-1629)- Zimbabwe/Mozambique 🇿🇼/🇲🇿

16) Ashanti Empire. (1701 to 1901)- Ghana 🇬🇭

17) The Aro Confederacy (1690–1902)- Nigeria 🇳🇬

18) The Jolof Empire. (1350 to 1549)- Senegal 🇸🇳

19) The Kingdom of Nri (1100 until 1911)- Nigeria 🇳🇬

20) The Luba Empire.(1585–1889) - DRC 🇨🇩

21) The Nok Civilization.(1500 BC — c. 500) AD- Nigeria 🇳🇬

22) The Zulu Empire (1816-1897)- South Africa 🇿🇦

[african-flags-tournament]

AFRICAN FLAG-DESIGN TOURNAMENT

ROUND 2 - 6 Matches (Regional Showdowns)

Vote for the best-designed national flag in Africa! Links to the individual matches are below the bracket image

Link to tournament masterpost

MATCH 1 - 🇸🇳 Sénégal 🇧🇫 Burkina Faso 🇬🇭 Ghana

MATCH 2 - 🇱🇾 لیبیا/Libya 🇲🇦 المغرب/Morocco 🇲🇷 موریتانیا/Mauritania

MATCH 3 - 🇨🇻 Cabo Verde 🇳🇬 Nigeria 🇸🇹 São Tomé e Príncipe

MATCH 4 - 🇪🇷 إرتريا/ኤርትራ/Eritrea 🇰🇪 Kenya 🇸🇨 Sesel/Seychelles

MATCH 5 - 🇸🇸 South Sudan 🇷🇼 Rwanda 🇦🇴 Angola

MATCH 6 - 🇲🇼 Malaŵi 🇧🇼 Botswana 🇿🇦 Mzansi/South Africa

[knajidtumbler]

To the South African supporters community:

PLEASE HELP YEMEN WHO NEED HELP URGENTLY.

🇾🇪 Yemen

🇧🇴 #Bolivia

🇧🇪 #Belgium

🇲🇻 #Maldives

🇻🇪 #Venezuela

🇳🇦 #Namibia

🇦🇫 #Afghanistan

🇦🇱 #Albania

🇦🇿 #Azerbaijan

🇧🇭 #Bahrain

🇧🇩 #Bangladesh

🇧🇯 #Benin

🇦🇪 #UAE

🇧🇳 #Brunei

🇧🇫 Burkina Faso

🇩🇿 #Algeria

🇩🇯 #Djibouti

🇹🇩 #Chad

🇮🇩 #Indonesia

🇲🇦 #Morocco

🇨🇮 Cote D'Lvoire

🇵🇸 #Palestine

🇬🇦 #Gabon

🇬🇲 #Gambia

🇬🇳 Guinea G.Bissau

🇬🇾 #Guyana

🇮🇶 #Iraq

🇮🇷 #Iran

🇨🇲 #Cameroon

🇶🇦 #Qatar

🇰🇿 #Kazakhstan

🇰🇬 #Kyrgyzstan

🇰🇲 #Comoros

🇰🇼 #Kuwait

🇱🇾 #Libya

🇱🇧 #Lebanon

🇲🇻 #Maldives

🇲🇾 #Malaysia

🇲🇱 #Mali

🇪🇬 #Egypt

🇲🇷 #Mauritania

🇲🇿 #Mozambique

🇳🇪 #Niger

🇳🇬 #Nigeria

🇺🇿 #Uzbekistan

🇵🇰 #Pakistan

🇸🇳 #Senegal

🇸🇱 Sierra Leone

🇸🇴 #Somalia

🇸🇩 #Sudan

🇸🇷 #Suriname

🇸🇾 #Syria

🇹🇯 #Tajikistan

🇹🇬 #Togo

🇹🇳 #Tunisia

🇹🇷 #Turkiye

🇹🇲 #Turkmenistan

🇺🇬 #Uganda

🇴🇲 #Oman

🇯🇴 #Jordan    

⭕

[ongolecharles]

WORLD'S MOST PEACEFUL NATIONS

Where does your country stand?

Rank Country

---- -------

1 🇮🇸 Iceland

2 🇮🇪 Ireland

3 🇦🇹 Austria

4 🇳🇿 New Zealand

5 🇸🇬 Singapore

6 🇨🇭 Switzerland

7 🇵🇹 Portugal

8 🇩🇰 Denmark

9 🇸🇮 Slovenia

10 🇲🇾Malaysia

11 🇨🇦 Canada

12 🇨🇿 Czech Republic

13 🇫🇮 Finland

14 🇭🇺 Hungary

15 🇭🇷 Croatia

16 🇧🇪 Belgium

17 🇯🇵 Japan

18 🇳🇱Netherlands

19 🇦🇺 Australia

20 🇩🇪Germany

21 🇧🇹 Bhutan

22 🇲🇺 Mauritius

23 🇪🇸 Spain

24 🇪🇪 Estonia

25 🇰🇼 Kuwait

26 🇧🇬 Bulgaria

27 🇸🇰 Slovak Republic

28 🇳🇴 Norway

29 🇶🇦 Qatar

30 🇱🇻 Latvia

31 🇱🇹Lithuania

32 🇵🇱 Poland

33 🇮🇹 Italy

34 🇬🇧United Kingdom

35 🇲🇪Montenegro

36 🇷🇴Romania

37 🇴🇲 Oman

38 🇲🇰North Macedonia

39 🇸🇪 Sweden

40 🇬🇷 Greece

41 🇻🇳 Vietnam

42 🇦🇱 Albania

43 🇹🇼 Taiwan

44 🇲🇬Madagascar

45 🇲🇳Mongolia

46 🇰🇷South Korea

47 🇦🇷Argentina

48 🇮🇩Indonesia

49 🇱🇦Lao P.D.R.

50 🇧🇼Botswana

51 🇹🇱Timor-Leste

52 🇺🇾Uruguay

53 🇦🇪United Arab Emirates

54 🇷🇸 Serbia

55 🇬🇭 Ghana

56 🇽🇰 Kosovo

57 🇿🇲 Zambia

58 🇨🇷 Costa Rica

59 🇰🇿Kazakhstan

60 🇺🇿Uzbekistan

61 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina

62 🇳🇦 Namibia

63 🇲🇩 Moldova

64 🇨🇱 Chile

65 🇹🇿Tanzania

66 🇸🇱 Sierra Leone

67 🇯🇴 Jordan

68 🇧🇴 Bolivia

69 🇱🇷 Liberia

70 🇰🇭Cambodia

71 🇹🇯Tajikistan

72 🇦🇴 Angola

73 🇵🇾Paraguay

73 🇹🇳 Tunisia

75 🇹🇭 Thailand

76 🇦🇲 Armenia

77 🇰🇬 Kyrgyz Republic

78 🇲🇦 Morocco

79 🇲🇼 Malawi

80 🇳🇵Nepal

81 🇧🇭 Bahrain

82 🇬🇲The Gambia

82 🇹🇲Turkmenistan

84 🇸🇳 Senegal

85 🇬🇼Guinea-Bissau

86 🇫🇷 France

87 🇹🇹Trinidad and Tobago

88 🇨🇳 China

88 🇨🇾Cyprus

90 🇩🇿 Algeria

91 🇯🇲Jamaica

92 🇷🇼 Rwanda

93 🇧🇩Bangladesh

94 🇬🇶Equatorial Guinea

95 🇲🇷Mauritania

96 🇵🇦 Panama

97 🇩🇴Dominican Republic

98 🇨🇺 Cuba

99 🇵🇪 Peru

100 🇬🇪Georgia

100 🇱🇰Sri Lanka

102 🇸🇦Saudi Arabia

103 🇸🇿Eswatini

104 🇵🇭Philippines

105 🇪🇬Egypt

106 🇦🇿Azerbaijan

107 🇸🇻El Salvador

107 🇲🇿Mozambique

109 🇨🇮Côte d’Ivoire

110 🇨🇬Republic of the Congo

111 🇬🇾Guyana

112 🇧🇾Belarus

113 🇳🇮Nicaragua

114 🇧🇯 Benin

115 🇵🇬Papua New Guinea

116 🇮🇳 India

117 🇬🇹Guatemala

118 🇬🇦 Gabon

119 🇩🇯Djibouti

120 🇹🇬T ogo

121 🇬🇲Zimbabwe

122 🇰🇪Kenya

123 🇭🇳Honduras

124 🇬🇳 Guinea

125 🇱🇸Lesotho

126 🇺🇬Uganda

127 🇿🇦 South Africa

128 🇱🇾 Libya

129 🇧🇮Burundi

130 🇪🇨Ecuador

131 🇧🇷Brazil

132 🇺🇸United States

133 🇮🇷 Iran

134 🇱🇧Lebanon

135 🇹🇩 Chad

136 🇪🇷 Eritrea

137 🇨🇲Cameroon

138 🇲🇽Mexico

139 🇹🇷Türkiye

140 🇵🇰Pakistan

141 🇳🇪Niger

142 🇻🇪Venezuela

143 🇭🇹 Haiti

144 🇪🇹Ethiopia

145 🇵🇸Palestine

146 🇨🇴Colombia

147 🇳🇬Nigeria

148 🇲🇲Myanmar

149 🇻🇺Burkina Faso

150 🇨🇫Central African Republic

151 🇮🇶Iraq

152 🇰🇵North Korea

153 🇸🇴Somalia

154 🇲🇱Mali

155 🇮🇱 Israel

156 🇸🇾 Syria

157 🇷🇺 Russia

158 🇨🇩Democratic Republic of the Congo

159 🇺🇦Ukraine

160 🇦🇫Afghanistan

161 🇸🇸South Sudan

162 🇸🇩 Sudan

163 🇾🇪 Yemen

But what's the TRUE PEACE??

Only JESUS is the true PEACE ...

● "Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. Not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid." ... John 44:27

● "If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all." ... Romans 12:18

【Build your Faith in Christ Jesus on #dailyscripturereadingsgroup 📚: +256 751 540 524 .. Whatsapp】

***

Source: Global Peace Index 2024.

[xtruss]

Beijing Is Going Places—and Building Naval Bases

Here are the top destinations that might be next.

— July 27, 2023 | By Alexander Wooley and Sheng Zhang | Foreign Policy

People welcome China’s space-tracking ship Yuanwang-5 at Sri Lanka’s Hambantota International Port in Hambantota, Sri Lanka, on Aug. 16, 2022. Ajith Perera/Xinhua Via Getty Images

China famously built its first overseas base, a launchpad for the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), in Djibouti in 2017. Where will it build the next one?

To answer that question, the authors drew on a new AidData data set that focuses on ports and infrastructure construction financed by Chinese state-owned entities in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2021 and implemented between 2000 and 2023. The detailed data set captures 123 seaport projects at 78 ports in 46 countries, worth a combined $29.9 billion.

A core assumption of our analysis is that Chinese financing and construction of harbor and related infrastructure, either through foreign aid or investment, is one indicator of ports or bases that might serve the PLAN in times of peace or war. And with reason: Chinese law mandates that nominally civilian ports provide logistic support to the Chinese navy if, as, and when needed. Financial ties established through port construction and expansion are enduring, with a long-term life cycle to the relationship. Beijing also sees a corresponding nonmonetary debt to its outlays: The larger the investment, the more leverage China should have to ask for favors.

Our data reveals that China is a maritime superpower ashore as well as afloat, with extraordinary ties in the world’s low- and middle-income countries. Chinese state-owned banks have lent $499 million to expand the port of Nouakchott, Mauritania, a nation where the total GDP is around $10 billion. Freetown, in Sierra Leone, has seen its port financed to the tune of $759 million, in a country where total GDP is $4 billion. It is a worldwide portfolio, stretching even to the Caribbean. The symbolic beachhead there is Antigua and Barbuda, where in late 2022, Chinese entities spent $107 million to complete the expansion of wharfage and sea walls at St. John’s Port, dredge the harbor, and build shoreside facilities.

Drawing a connection between an ostensibly commercial investment and future naval bases may seem odd to those unfamiliar with China’s way of doing business. But a Chinese port construction or operating company can be traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and also be an official government entity. Among the major players in port construction is China Communications Construction Company, Ltd. (CCCC), a majority state-owned, publicly traded, multinational engineering and construction company. One of its port subsidiaries is China Harbour Engineering Company, Ltd. (CHEC). Both are major players in building ports overseas. In 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce sanctioned CCCC for its role in constructing artificial islands in the South China Sea.

To narrow down the basing options, we applied other criteria too, including strategic location, size of port and depth of water, and potential host country relations with Beijing—measured, for example, by alignment in voting in the U.N. General Assembly. Where available, we also drew on publicly available satellite imagery as well as geospatial mapping sources and techniques.

From this, we arrived at a shortlist of the eight most likely candidates for a future PLAN base: Hambantota, Sri Lanka 🇱🇰; Bata, Equatorial Guinea 🇬🇶; Gwadar, Pakistan 🇵🇰; Kribi, Cameroon 🇨🇲; Ream, Cambodia 🇰🇭; Luganville, Vanuatu 🇻🇺; Nacala, Mozambique 🇲🇿; and Nouakchott, Mauritania 🇲🇷.

Chinese-Funded Port Infrastructure and Most Likely Naval Base Locations

Chinese state-owned entities have committed $29.9 billion to finance 123 projects to expand or construct 78 ports in 46 countries from 2000-2021. This map shows formally approved, active, or completed projects for 49 ports and highlights the eight locations of those most likely to be used as Chinese naval bases.

Note: Map excludes pledged funding and canceled or suspended projects. Russia’s port of Sabetta (the Yamal liquefied natural gas project) is also excluded. It has received an estimated $14.9 billion from China; however, researchers were unable to disaggregate the amount that went solely to the Sabetta seaport. Map By Sarina Patterson/AidData. Source: AidData/William & Mary

Ousting or outflanking the United States in the Western Pacific is a priority for Beijing, as is challenging the United States, India, and the rest of the so-called Quad alliance in the Indian Ocean. And more than half of our shortlist is indeed Indo-Pacific-oriented, as is Djibouti. What’s surprising is the intensity of Chinese investment, including in ports, on the Atlantic side of Africa. Factoring in Chinese port operators, China is more active across a greater number of ports on the Atlantic side of Africa than on the Indian Ocean, where so much geopolitical attention has been focused. China has been building ports from Mauritania southward around West Africa, through the Gulf of Guinea, and to Cameroon, Angola, and Gabon.

A base in West or Central Africa would be a bold play for a navy that is still getting its blue-water legs just 15 years after learning how to operate far from home, in the anti-piracy missions in the Gulf of Aden. Atlantic bases would put the PLAN in relative proximity to Europe, the Strait of Gibraltar, and key trans-Atlantic shipping lanes. And a shift to the Atlantic would be against the run of play. The United States has been obsessed with the Indo-Pacific, inking the AUKUS security partnership with the U.K. and Australia, deepening logistics ties with India, returning to the Philippines and the Solomon Islands, and cooperating on defense with Papua New Guinea. A PLAN base in the Atlantic would wrong-foot the naval calculus of Washington and Brussels, and send planners back to the drawing board.

We also find that China likes to put its ports in out-of-the-way places. One example is Beijing’s heavy investment in the port of Caio, an exclave province of Angola. Sometimes there are simple explanations: a lack of natural harbors of sufficient depth of water, or proximity to natural resources. But according to one shipping executive, Chinese entities in the past have seen their ports exposed to labor strife, public protests, and other disruptions, and so now prefer to distance themselves from these situations. Chinese entities likely prefer secure new locations where they can ensure majority and unfettered control or avoid a host country’s public opinion backlash. These would also be selling points in determining where to locate a naval facility.

More on our top eight most likely PLAN bases, highlighted on the map:

1. Hambantota, Sri Lanka 🇱🇰

China has collectively sunk more than $2 billion dollars into Hambantota—the most of any port anywhere in the world, according to our data set. Beijing exercises direct control over the facility. Coupled with its strategic location, the popularity of China among elites and the population, and Sri Lanka’s alignment with China in U.N. General Assembly voting, Hambantota is our top candidate for a future base.

2. Bata, Equatorial Guinea 🇬🇶

Sources in the U.S. Defense Department raised concerns about Chinese interest in a base at Bata, which were then picked up by mainstream media. The absence of any official statement by Beijing on a base is not necessarily conclusive—there were repeated denials from China about any such intentions for Djibouti, right up until the time an announcement was made that a base was coming. The commercial investment was used as the entree, but within months, construction had begun. Politically, Equatorial Guinea (as well as Cameroon and Togo) are all family dynasties or authoritarian regimes in power for years with succession plans in place or mooted. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit’s Democracy Index in 2022, all three rank toward the very bottom of global democracy rankings: Togo at 130th, Cameroon at 140th and Equatorial Guinea at 158th.

3. Gwadar, Pakistan 🇵🇰

The China-Pakistan relationship is both strategic and economic. Pakistan is the flagship country for China’s big Belt and Road infrastructure gambit, and it’s Beijing’s single largest customer for military exports. In Pakistan, Chinese warships are already a fixture: As it modernizes, Pakistan’s navy has become the largest foreign purchaser of Chinese arms, operating modern Chinese-designed surface warships and submarines. Gwadar itself is strategically situated in the far west of Pakistan, providing cover for the Strait of Hormuz. China is significantly more popular with the Pakistani public than the United States is. Though troubled, Pakistan is a democracy, and so China cannot necessarily permanently count on a leadership friendly to the notion of a naval base. Much could hang on the fate in Pakistan of the massive China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, the belle of the Belt and Road ball, of which Gwadar is a big component. The stakes and scrutiny are high, and success or otherwise of the economic corridor could impact receptiveness to a PLAN base.

4. Kribi, Cameroon 🇨🇲

The Kribi port trails only Hambantota in terms of the size of Chinese investment. It is Bata’s most likely competitor, but the ports are only about 100 miles apart. China would likely only choose one. Cameroon’s U.N. General Assembly voting and overall geopolitical positioning aligns well with China. Elsewhere, Caio in Angola, Freetown in Sierra Leone, and Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire would all be basing possibilities, based on the size of Beijing’s investments there. Of Sierra Leone’s two main political parties, one (the All People’s Congress) is closely linked to China. At political rallies, its supporters have chanted phrases such as “We are Chinese” and “We are black Chinese.” Beijing has successfully insinuated itself into the political life of the country.

5. Ream, Cambodia 🇰🇭

While the official investment to date has been small, Ream, Cambodia, is very likely to be a PLAN facility in one form or another. While the United States and the West are popular with Cambodians, Prime Minister Hun Sen is a longtime ally of Beijing, and it is he who matters. Although he plans to step down in August to be replaced by his son, he’s expected to continue to call the shots. The elites of Cambodia have done well under Belt and road Initiative and are aligned closely with China. In 2020, Cambodia’s voting in the U.N. General Assembly mirrored that of China and coincided with the United States on just 19 of 100 contested votes that year, a rate only slightly higher than Iran, Cuba, and Syria. Hun Sen denies that Ream will be hosting the PLAN anytime soon, but the evidence indicates otherwise.

6. Luganville, Vanuatu 🇻🇺

Beijing has spent decades trying to crack the first island chain that hems it in. A PLAN base, perhaps not very large, makes sense somewhere in the South or Central Pacific. While our data shows only limited Chinese investments in port infrastructure in the region thus far, Vanuatu is one location where construction has been funded, at Port Luganville on the island of Espiritu Santo. An investment of $97 million is not small, as it puts Vanuatu in the top 30 investments globally, according to our data. And there is precedent: In World War II, the strategically located island was home to one of the largest U.S. Navy advanced bases and repair facilities in the Pacific. The Canal du Segond in front of Luganville was a massive, sheltered anchorage, home to fleets, floating dry docks, an air base, and supply bases.

7. Nacala, Mozambique 🇲🇿

While China’s port investments in Mozambique have not been on the same scale as in other locations, neither have they been insignificant. Mozambique also has not seen the backlash to Chinese loans and investments witnessed in other countries in East and Southern Africa, such as Kenya and Tanzania. China is popular with elites and the general population, and it sponsors a significant amount of the country’s media content. The question is: Where to site a base? Maputo is the largest port, but it is run by the government and Dubai Ports World. China has funded construction or expansion in both Beira and Nacala—both ports make our top 20 in terms of investment totals. Beira is likely too shallow for large warships, as it requires regular dredging. Nacala would make the most sense—it has seen sizable Chinese investment and is a deep-water port.

8. Nouakchott, Mauritania 🇲🇷

Mauritania is removed from the logjam of PLAN options in West and Central Africa; Nouakchott is more than 2,000 miles northwest of Bata, for example. The West African nation is also significantly closer to Europe and chokepoints such as the Strait of Gibraltar—roughly only two days’ steaming at 20 knots. At the 2020 U.N. Human Rights Council hearing on China’s new security law for Hong Kong, 53 countries supported China, including Antigua and Barbuda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Mozambique, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka—and Mauritania.

Wild Card: Russia 🇷🇺?

While China has been spending loads in the developing world, it could still try for a base in the nearly developed world, by co-locating fleet units at one or more Russian navy bases. There is a clear upside from the Chinese perspective: It doesn’t have to persuade the Russian leadership that the United States and Europe are a threat, and there’s little danger of any U.S. charm offensive to lure Russia away.

Russia has naval bases across its vast land mass, many of which are Cold War legacies. What could be attractive to PLAN naval planners would be a base in the North Pacific Ocean. Such a facility—say, the existing Russian base at Vilyuchinsk on the Kamchatka Peninsula—would be secure, distant from public scrutiny, make use of existing warship docking and repair facilities, and have the merit of placing the PLAN between Japan, a U.S. ally, and Alaska. In both 2021 and 2022, the PLAN and the Russian Navy conducted extensive joint exercises in the East China Sea and western Pacific, including circumnavigating the Japanese main islands. China could also share facilities with the Russian Navy in the Barents Sea, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia, or Kola Bay, a natural harbor off the Barents Sea, providing it access to the North Atlantic.

— Rory Fedorochko and Sarina Patterson contributed to this report — Alexander Wooley is a Journalist and Former Officer in the British Royal Navy.

— Sheng Zhang is a Research Analyst with AidData's Chinese Development Finance Program, where he tracks underreported financial flows and leads geospatial data collection. He is the co-author of a previous AidData report on China’s global development footprint, Banking on the Belt and Road.

[mapsontheweb]

Muslim population (% of their total population)

by plotset

Mauritania 🇲🇷 - 99.9%

Somalia 🇸🇴 - 99.8%

Tunisia 🇹🇳 - 99.8%

Afghanistan 🇦🇫 - 99.6%

Iran 🇮🇷 - 99.4%

Turkey 🇹🇷 - 99.2%

Yemen 🇾🇪 - 99.1%

Algeria 🇩🇿 - 99%

Morocco 🇲🇦 - 99%

Maldives 🇲🇻 - 98.4%

Niger 🇳🇪 - 98.3%

Palestine 🇵🇸 - 97.5%

Jordan 🇯🇴 - 97.2%

Saudi Arabia 🇸🇦 - 97.1%

Sudan 🇸🇩 - 97%

Libya 🇱🇾 - 97%

Azerbaijan 🇦🇿 - 96.9%

Tajikistan 🇹🇯 - 96.7%

Pakistan 🇵🇰 - 96.5%

Uzbekistan 🇺🇿 - 96.5%

Iraq 🇮🇶 - 95.7%

Syria 🇸🇾 - 93%

Egypt 🇪🇬 - 92.3%

Bangladesh 🇧🇩 - 90.4%

Indonesia 🇮🇩 - 87.2%

Kyrgyzstan 🇰🇬 - 80%

Qatar 🇶🇦 - 77%

UAE 🇦🇪 - 76%

Kuwait 🇰🇼 - 74%

Kazakhstan 🇰🇿 - 70%

Malaysia 🇲🇾 - 61%

Albania 🇦🇱 - 58%

Lebanon 🇱🇧 - 57%

Tanzania 🇹🇿 - 35%

Israel 🇮🇱 - 18%

Singapore 🇸🇬 - 14%

India 🇮🇳 - 14%

Russia 🇷🇺 - 13%

France 🇫🇷 - 8.8%

UK 🇬🇧 - 6.3%

Germany 🇩🇪 - 5.7%

Greece 🇬🇷 - 5.7%

Italy 🇮🇹 - 4.8%

Canada 🇨🇦 - 3.2%

Australia 🇦🇺 - 2.6%

USA 🇺🇲 - 1.1%

Argentina 🇦🇷 - 0.9%

Brazil 🇧🇷 - 0.36%

Japan 🇯🇵 - 0.1%

North Korea 🇰🇵 - 0.01%

Vatican City 🇻🇦 - 0%

[mhsnalatebe]

مكتب العتيبي للخدمات العامة

متاح استخراج مستندات الزيارة الشخصية للدول التالية :-

تونس - Tunisia - 🇹🇳

الكاميرون - Cameroon - 🇨🇲

الصومال - Somalia - 🇸🇴

موريتانيا - Mauritania - 🇲🇷

بنين - Benin - 🇧🇯

غانا - Ghana - 🇬🇭

زيمبابوي - Zimbabwe - 🇿🇼

مالي - Mali - 🇲🇱

غينيا - Guinea - 🇬🇳

السنغال - Senegal - 🇸🇳

اريتريا - Eritrea - 🇪🇷

سيريلانكا - Sri Lanka - 🇱🇰

النيجر - Niger - 🇳🇪

إندونيسيا - Indonesia - 🇮🇩

الفلبين - Philippines - الدفع عندالانجاز تواصل واتساب *0567973868*https://wa.me/+966567973868

[readyforevolution]

THE AMAZIGH!

Amazighs are very likely the direct descendants of the Mesolithic and Neolithic Caspian populations that live between 8000 and 2700 BC in North Africa. The reason why there are many Amazigh groups that are quite different from each other is the vast extent of the North African territory where they have live for millennia. Each region has its specific geographical characteristics imposing therefore a specific lifestyle. That's why the northern regions of North Africa that have a Mediterranean climate with regular seasons has a sedentary population, while hotter and arid regions in the High Plateaus and the Sahara have nomadic populations.

The Amazighs live in scattered communities across Morocco 🇲🇦 Algeria 🇩🇿 Tunisia 🇹🇳 Libya 🇱🇾 Egypt 🇪🇬 Mali 🇲🇱 Niger 🇳🇪 and Mauritania 🇲🇷 They speak various Amazigh languages belonging to the Afro-Asiatic family related to ancient Egyptian.

The Amazighs, indigenous to North Africa, have a rich and ancient culture. Their traditional crafts, including jewellery, pottery, weaving, and henna art, hold great value and have been passed down for generations.

The heaviest concentration of Amazighs speakers is found in Morocco. Major Amazigh languages include Tashelhit (Tashelhiyt, Tashelhait, Shilha), Tarifit, Kabyle, Tamazight, and Tamahaq.

In North Africa, the The Amazighs religion was based on Phoenician and Punic deities, with a god (Baal) and a goddess (Tanit).

#AfricaMyAfrica

[aaakikoo]

ARE THERE ANY ARABS HERE?

IF SO WHERE YOU FROM?