Government building at the end of working hours, 1962
Gro Harlem Brundtland and AUF leader Jens Stoltenberg on Utøya, 1987
Utøya and Oslo July 2011
On this day it is 10 years since the 22 july attack. On July 22, 2011, a far-right terrorist detonated a car bomb in the government quarter in Oslo, before driving to the Labor Party's summer camp for young people on the island of Utøya. 8 people died in the bombing, the massacre on Utøya lasted 66 minutes and 69 people, mainly teenagers, were killed.
The perpetrator was motivated especially by the racist Eurabia conspiracy theory and hatred for the Labor Party, Muslims, immigrants, feminism and social democratic Norway in general.
While the terrorist was motivated by hate, the civilian efforts to help the victims was impressive. In the government quarter people helped each other. On Utøya, as the kids tried to hide or swim off the island, despite the fact that the perpetrator was shooting, civilians in boats went out to pick them up.
Today we take a moment to remember the victims of this attack and all victims of hate crimes and political violence, rest in peace:
Mona Abdinur, Ismail Haji Ahmed, Thomas Margido Antonsen, Pamela Ardam, Modupe Ellen Awoyemi, Lene Maria Bergum, Kevin Daae Berland, Trond Berntsen, Sverre Flåte Bjørkavåg, Torjus Jakobsen Blattmann, Carina Borgund, Johannes Buø, Monica Elisabeth Bøsei, Åsta Sofie Helland Dahl, Sondre Furseth Dale, Monica Iselin Didriksen, Gizem Dogan, Andreas Edvardsen, Tore Eikeland, Bendik Rosnæs Ellingsen, Aleksander Aas Eriksen, Andrine Bakkene Espeland, Hanne A. Balch Fjalestad, Silje Merete Fjellbu, Hanne Kristine Fridtun, Andreas Dalby Grønnesby, Snorre Haller, Rune Havdal, Ingrid Berg Heggelund, Karin Elena Holst, Eivind Hovden, Guro Vartdal Håvoll, Jamil Rafal Mohamad Jamil, Steinar Jessen, Maria Maagerø Johannesen, Ronja Søttar Johansen, Espen Jørgensen, Sondre Kjøren, Margrethe Bøyum Kløven, Syvert Knudsen, Anders Kristiansen, Elisabeth Trønnes Lie, Gunnar Linaker, Tamta Lipartelliani, Eva Kathinka Lütken, Even Flugstad Malmedal, Tarald Kuven Mjelde, Ruth Benedichte Vatndal Nilsen, Emil Okkenhaug, Diderik Aamodt Olsen, Henrik André Pedersen, Rolf Christopher Johansen Perreau, Karar Mustafa Qasim, Bano Abobakar Rashid, Henrik Rasmussen, Ida Beathe Rogne, Synne Røyneland, Marianne Sandvik, Fredrik Lund Schjetne, Lejla Selaci, Birgitte Smetbak, Isabel Victoria Green Sogn, Silje Stamneshagen, Victoria Stenberg, Tina Sukuvara, Sharidyn Svebakk-Bøhn, Simon Sæbø, Håvard Vederhus, Håkon Ødegaard, Hanna M. Orvik Endresen, Kai Hauge, Ida Marie Hill, Anne Lise Holter, Tove Åshill Knutsen, Jon Vegard Lervåg, Hanne Ekroll, Kjersti Berg Sand
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Anonymous asked: I love your book reviews under the banner ‘Treat Your S(h)elf’ - nice play on words. You have such a wide and cultured range of interests that I really learn something new. Do you read poetry? What are your favourite poets? What are you currently reading?
I love reading poetry because as the poet Robert Frost put it succinctly, “Poetry is when emotion has found its thought, and thought has found words”.
Poets are before anything else in the words of W.H. Auden, “a person who is madly in love with language” and language is the bedrock of any culture and society and ultimately civilisation. When you truly think about it, poetry is meaningless when it has been left to gather dust on a piece of paper. It is simply a memory of an idea conjured up by a writer with something to say. Poetry must be read, it needs to be experienced because it keeps these ideas burning. These meaningful concepts about the nature of life, death and everything. Every time a person reads a poem, a new bright spark emerges in that person’s head. A new way of thinking, a new way of understanding. That is exactly why poetry must be read because it is the essence of our language.
The reasons I personally read poetry, you ask? Here are some reasons I can think of from the top of my head others are too personal to reveal:
I read poetry because poetry is thoughts that breathe and words that burn. And I read poetry because it is what happens when my mind stops working , and for a moment, all I do is feel. This is good therapy for me as I’m not the most openly emotional or prone to displays of emotion in public. It’s just not how I was built. Poetry helps one to feel. So some poems remain so close to my heart.
I remember when I was about to go on my first tour to Afghanistan I was quite calm and cold blooded because that was and is my nature. My father - who served with distinction in uniform like his father and grand father, and great-grandfather before him - was always proud and supportive of me being the black sheep of the family as the only girl in our family going through Sandhurst and now I was off to the last embers of a war in Afghanistan that everyone had forgotten about. He was concerned - like the rest of my family - like any loving parent about what might happen. But he didn’t question my professionalism or my abilities so he didn’t give me that lecture instead he thrust in my hand both classical literature (Thucydides and Homer in particular) and the works of selected poets. He told me poetry will save your life. He wasn’t anxious about my physical safety he was thinking about my soul. For what happens during war and what comes after if and when I come home. Long story short: poetry saved my life.
By nature I am restless to an incredible annoying degree. I fear being bored. I find it hard to sit and be idle. Poetry is my balm for boredom.
I am incredibly busy and I work punishing long hours. Time is premium. People make demands on me and my time. Poems are like super-condensed stories, and are therefore usually short enough to be read over your morning tea/coffee. In this fast-paced world we live in, sometimes poems are a better alternative to reading fully-fledged novels, or even short stories and poetry gives you the chance to continue to expand your literary horizons even during the busiest times in your life. And becoming more widely read is an incredible way to ensure you are continuously growing, and learning, while becoming a more cultured individual at the same time. There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you and when I read some of those beautiful pieces of poetry by my favourite poets it's like the paper is filled with the breathings of my heart.
The most frightening thing is people I know stop growing culturally after they leave university and get on with the business of life i.e. careers, marriage and family. Once on that treadmill they don’t or can’t stop. They are unable to step off and take a breath. Poetry gives you a breather and helps you to re-centre your priorities. The more you read poetry, the greater your quest for knowledge awakens. Doorways will open inside your mind and unlock your hidden potential for a greater understanding of life. Anyone who reads poetry often can connect with this conclusive sentence formation that defines your very questionable outlook on life.
I also believe poetry allows us to be less rigid in our thinking with an authentic, personal touch. When I read poems, nothing is often straightforward. Every poem has a meaning hiding under it, but it is blocked by a myriad of literary devices such as metaphors and symbolism. It is important to be able to think more figuratively because it allows you to understand ideas and perspectives in a more abstract and possibly more meaningful way. Sometimes I find that having a single page of beautifully crafted words can be enough of a distraction to spark a sudden creative leap in my brain. There have been many times where I've miraculously thought of ways to solve a problem (big or small) purely because reading poetry forced me to think differently from the usual day-to-day thoughts required for general life.
Poetry is best read when you’re hidden from the outside world, in a quiet little spot, somewhere away from all the hustle and bustle. It is increasingly hard to do just that. I have so many demands on my time and limited space but I force myself to carve out the time and space to do this - one must try. As a rule I switch off all social media (not that I have many to begin with but most definitely my phone). The best time for me to carve out time is when I’m traveling as I’m able to shut out everything around me. Usually when I’m waiting for a flight in the business class departure lounge it’s quiet and not too many people to distract me and there is usually a delay to the flight. When I check into a hotel I feel a disconnect to the world around me. I feel like an alien. Poetry helps me to connect again. Poetry calms and focuses the mind. With poetry I can almost reset my day because it’s not just a time zone I have to get used to but also a state of mind - and especially if I find myself being unproductive too!
I often escape Paris and go into the countryside. I love going on walks, hikes, mountaineering, and other outdoor pursuits. It allows me the space and time to read poetry and reflect in peace. And of course I snatch time before I go to sleep to read a poem if I am not too tired.
The point is that I need the head space to absorb the poem and take some time to work out the meaning of the full entity. I try not swallow a whole book in one sitting, instead I read a few poems and leave the book until the next day or a few days depending on my schedule. Sometimes, you can read a poem again and you will find other meanings or pick up on information that you couldn’t see before. That’s poetry, you create the film, journey or picture inside your mind from reading the words on the page.
As for my favourite poets this is of course is a very personal choice. I didn’t read English at university but rather my academic interests were Classics and History, so I profess a very paltry poetic palate. Still, I’m grateful to those friends more versed than I to point me to other poets. So I do my best to keep an open mind and try and read poetry recommended by others or some thing that captures my eye when I browse through book stores or read it as a passing reference in a book I am reading.
Different poets and poems are discovered at one stage of life and where I happened to live in the world and only take on another meaning when re-read them at another stage. So I tend to re-visit poets I used to read as a teen and then see how it resonates now.
The majority of my poetic readings are in my native English and Norwegian languages but because I have varying degrees of fluency in other languages (because I grew up there for instance) I love widening my poetic palate. One of my regrets is not knowing Japanese and Chinese to a sufficient degree to really read poetry in those languages even if I have basic fluency in literature and everyday conversation. So reading Ezra Pound is one way in English to appreciate these Eastern poetic influences. I’m also ashamed to admit that I only know a woeful smattering of words in Scotiish Gaelic - my Anglo-Scots father knows it fairly well but even he struggles - and really I must find time in the future to learn more of it because it’s such a fascinating language (not least because it’s also dying out and that is tragic).
So below is an eclectic and random list from the top of my head and in no real order of preference:
• Homer (Greek)
• Sappho (Greek)
• Rumi (Farsi)
• Mirza Ghalib (Urdu and Farsi)
• John Milton
• John Donne
• William Shakespeare
• Dante (Italian)
• Robert Burns
• William Wordsworth
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge
• William Blake
• John Keats
• Emily Dickinson
• Christina Rosetti
• Gerald Manley Hopkins
• Walt Whitman
• Oscar Wilde
• W.B. Yeats
• Rudyard Kipling
• Wilfred Owen
• Alfred Tennyson
• Rainer Maria Rilke (German)
• Cavafy (Greek)
• T.S. Eliot
• Hilda Doolittle
• Marianne Moore
• Sylvia Plath
• W. H. Auden
• Olaf H. Hauge (Norwegian)
• Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (Norwegian)
• Aslaug Vaa (Norwegian)
• Rolf Jacobsen (Norwegian)
• Sarojini Naidu (Hindi)
• Gulzar (Hindi)
Living in Paris I tend to read more French poetry these days. By osmosis it helps me appreciate the French language and French culture even more.
• Charles Baudelaire.
• Paul Verlaine
• Jacques Prévert
• Arthur Rimbaud
• Alphonse de Lamartine
• Alfred de Musset
• Paul Valéry
• Paul Eluard
• Jean Genet
• Françoise Villon
Poetry is an art that combines the essence of life through the fabrication of reality. Poets challenge and nourish me with their wisdom, philosophy, love and journeys beyond what used to be the limits of my own creative imagination. They push my boundaries ever so more. In doing so they grow my mind for understanding, my heart for empathy, and my soul for wisdom. It would hard to disagree with Robert Frost who sums up what poetry means to me, “a poem begins in delight, and ends in Wisdom”.
Thanks for your question
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Norwegian / old norse names and places
Every now and then I come across a book, movie, TV-series, fanfic, game or whatever, that mention a fictional "Norwegian" or "norse" place or person, and it just sounds so wrong it makes me either cringe or ROFL. Really. I still haven't recovered from the 1995 X-files episode, "Død Kalm", which took us to the port of "Tildeskan" where we met "Henry Trondheim", "Halverson" and "Olafsson".
Hopefully this list will keep others from being that “creative” with names. :)
Common names for places, towns and villages in Norway
These names are very generic and suitable for a place, village or town anywhere (and pretty much any time) in Norway. Mix and match prefixes with suffixes for diversity.
Bonus: All of these can also be used as surnames.
Name (meaning) - usage
Nes (headland, cape, ness) - Standalone
Bø (fenced-in field on a farm) - Standalone
Fjell (mountain) - Standalone or prefix/suffix: Fjell- / -fjell
Haug (small hill / large mound) - Standalone or prefix/suffix: Haug- / -haug
Vik, Viken, Vika (inlet, the inlet, the inlet) - Standalone or prefix/suffix: Vik- / -viken / -vika
Ås, Åsen (hill, the hill (larger than "Bakken")) - Standalone or prefix/suffix:
Dal, Dalen (valley, the valley) - Standalone or prefix/suffix:
Berg (small mountain) - Standalone or prefix/suffix: Berg(s)- / -berg
Sand (sand) - Standalone or prefix/suffix: Sand- / -sand
Strand (beach) - Standalone or prefix/suffix: Strand- / -strand
Li (hill) - Standalone or prefix/suffix: Li- / -li
Gran (spruce) - Standalone or prefix: Gran-
Bratt (steep) - prefix only: Bratt-
Myr (bog, mire) - prefix only: Myr-
Neset, Nesset (the headland, the cape, the ness) - Standalone or suffix: -neset / -nesset
Odden (foreland, headland) - Standalone or suffix: -odden
Våg (cove, bay) - Standalone or suffix: -våg
Lund (grove) - Standalone or suffix: -lund
Sund (sound, strait) - Standalone or suffix: -sund
Skog (forest) prefix/suffix: Skog- / -skog
Øy (island) prefix/suffix: Øy- / -øy
øya (the island) - suffix only: -øya
bakken (the hill) - suffix only: -bakken
gard / gård / gården (farm / farm / the farm) - suffix only: -gard / -gård / -gården
elv, -elva (river, the river) suffix only: -elv / -elva
stad (old word for town/place) suffix only: -stad
vannet (the lake) - suffix only: -vannet
Common words that can be used as prefix to any of the suffixes above
Svart- (black)
Lille- (little/small)
Sol- (sun)
Brei-/Bred- (wide)
Stor- (big)
Lang- (long)
Common Norwegian surnames (contemporary)
Heredatory surnames didn't become mandatory in Norway until 1923. Many took the name from the farm or place they lived, or just changed their primary patronyms into hereditary patronyms. Example: Helgessønn/Helgesdatter (son of Helge / daughter of Helge) became Helgesen.
Alm
Andersen
Anderssen
Antonsen
Aspelund
Bakke
Bakken
Bang
Berg
Bjerkan
Bråthen
Christensen
Corneliussen
Dahl
Dahlberg
Danielsen
Dyrnes
Dørum
Eide
Ellingsen
Erdal
Eriksen
Falch
Fredriksen
Foss
Fure
Fylling
Gabrielsen
Gran
Grønning
Halvorsen
Hansen
Hanssen
Hay
Hoff
Holm
Holt
Husby
Isaksen
Iversen
Jacobsen
Jensen
Jenssen
Johansen
Karlsen
Klausen
Konradsen
Kristensen
Kristiansen
Larsen
Larssen
Lie
Lien
Lund
Løvold
Magnussen
Meyer
Mikalsen
Mo
Moen
Myhre
Myklebust
Mørk
Ness
Nilsen
Olavsen
Olsen
Paulsen
Pettersen
Prestegård
Rasmussen
Riise
Rogstad
Ruud
Simonsen
Solbakken
Solli
Stokke
Strøm
Sund
Svendsen
Thorvaldsen
Torp
Thune
Tønnesen
Ueland
Ulven
Urdal
Vik
Vinje
Wahl
Wik
Wilhelmsen
Zakariassen
Ødegård
Årseth
Årvik
Ås, Aas
Åsen, Aasen
Common Norwegian names -- 1980 - present
Men
Anders
André
Andreas
Are
Arne
Atle
Bjørn
Cato
Chris
Christian, Kristian
Christoffer, Kristoffer
Daniel
David
Dennis
Elias
Emil
Espen
Erik, Eric
Eirik
Fredrik
Filip
Geir
Harald
Helge
Hans
Henning
Håkon, Haakon
Håvard
Isak
Jan
Joachim
Johan
Johannes
John, Jon
Johnny
Jonas
Jonathan
Kim
Kristian, Christian
Kristoffer, Christoffer
Lars
Lucas, Lukas
Mads, Mats
Magnus
Martin
Michael, Mikael
Morten
Niklas
Nils
Odin
Ole
Ove
Paul
Per
Peter, Petter
Preben
Pål
Richard, Rikard
Roger
Sebastian
Simen
Simon
Sindre
Sondre
Stian
Terje
Thomas
Thor, Tor
Thore, Tore
Vegard
Werner
William
Øystein
Åge
Åsmund
Women
Andrea
Ane, Anne
Anette, Annette
Annika, Anniken
Astrid
Bente
Camilla
Carina
Cathrine
Celine
Charlotte
Christin, Kristin
Christina, Kristina
Christine, Kristine
Elin, Eline
Elise
Elisabeth
Emilie
Eva
Frida
Grete, Grethe
Hanne
Hege
Heidi
Helene
Hilde
Ida
Ine
Ingrid
Ingvill, Ingvild
Isabel, Isabell, Isabelle
Iselin
Jannicke
Janine
Jeanette
Jennie, Jenny
Julia, Julie
Karoline (Kine)
Katrin, Katrine
Kristin, Christin
Lea, Leah
Lena, Lene
Linda
Line
Linn
Linnea
Lise, Lisa
Liv, Live
Mai, May
Maja
Malin
Margrete, Margrethe
Mari, Maria, Marie
Mariann, Marianne
Marte, Marthe
Mette
Monica
Nina
Nora
Oda
Pia
Ragnhild
Randi
Rikke
Sara, Sarah
Silje
Siv
Stina, Stine
Susann, Susanne
Tanja
Tina, Tine
Tiril
Tone
Trine
Vilde
Vera
Veronica
Wenche
Åse
Åshild
Common Norwegian names - 1800 - 1980
Men
Aksel
Albert
Anders
Andreas
Anker
Ansgar
Arne
Arnt
Arve
Asle
Atle
Birger
Bård
Charles
Edmund
Edvard
Egon
Erling
Even
Fred
Fredrik
Frode
Geir
Georg
Gunnar
Gunvald
Gustav
Harald
Helge
Hilmar
Håkon, Haakon
Ivar
Ingvar
Jens
Jesper
Jørgen
Joakim
Karl
Karsten, Karstein
Kjell
Klaus
Kolbein
Kolbjørn
Kristian
Kåre
Lars
Lavrans
Leif
Lossius
Ludvig
Magne
Magnus
Nikolai
Nils
Odd
Oddvar
Odin
Ola
Olai
Olaf
Olav
Ole
Omar
Oscar, Oskar
Peder
Per
Petter
Philip, Phillip
Pål
Ragnar
Rikard
Roald
Roar (also Hroar)
Rolf
Rune
Sigurd
Sigvard, Sigvart
Simon
Svein
Sverre
Tarjei
Terje
Toralf, Thoralf
Torbjørn, Thorbjørn
Torleif, Thorleif
Torstein, Thorstein
Torvald, Thorvald
Trond
Ulf
Ulrik
Valdemar
Wilhelm
Willy
Åge
Women
Albertine
Alice, Alise
Alma
Anita
Anna
Annbjørg
Asbjørg
Astrid
Aud
Bente
Berit
Birgit
Birgitte
Bjørg
Bjørgun
Bodil
Borghild
Dagny
Dagrun
Edel
Ella
Ellen
Elsa
Fredrikke
Frida
Gerd
Gjertrud
Gunhild
Gyda
Hanna, Hannah
Helga
Henny
Herdis
Hilda
Hilde
Hjørdis
Ingeborg
Inger
Irene
Johanna, Johanne
Jorun, Jorunn
Josefine
Judith
Kari
Karin
Kirsten
Kitty
Kjersti
Laila
Lilli, Lilly
Lisa, Lise
Liv
Lovise
Mathilde
Margaret
Marit
Martha
Molly
Nanna
Oddrun
Oddveig
Olga
Ragna
Ragnhild
Rigmor
Sara
Signe
Sissel
Solbjørg
Solveig
Solvår
Svanhild
Sylvi
Sølvi
Tora
Torhild, Toril, Torill
Torun, Torunn
Tove
Valborg
Ylva
Åse
Åshild
Names usage
Double names, like Ragnhild Johanne or Ole Martin are common in Norway. Just keep them as two names and don't use "-", and you'll be safe, even if it ends up a tongue twister. Using only one of two given names is also common practice.
In Norway everyone is on a first name basis. Students call teachers and other kids' parents by their first name, workers call their boss by their first name, we call our Prime Minister by her first name (journalists will use her title when speaking to her though). Some senior citizens still use surnames and titles when speaking of or to people their own age.
There are some exceptions. For example, a doctor may be referred to as Dr. Lastname when we speak of them, but first name is used when speaking to them. A priest is "the priest" when speaking of him/her and their first name is used when spaking to them. In the millitary only surnames (and ranks) are used. If you meet Harald, the King of Norway, in an official setting you will refer to him as "Kongen" (the king). If you run into him at the gas station, or while hiking, he is "Harald".
If you don't know someone's name it is okay to use their title, or just say "you".
Names for pets (contemporary)
Dogs
Laika (f)
Bamse (m) (bear)
Tinka (f)
Loke/Loki (m)
+ characters from TV/film/books...
Cats
Melis (m/f) (powdered sugar)
Mango (m/f) (mango)
Pus (f) (kitty)
Mons (m) (tomcat)
Nala (f)
Pusur (m) (Garfield)
Felix (m)
Simba (m)
+ characters from TV/film/books...
Horses
Pajazz (m)
Mulan (f)
Balder (m) - cold blood
Kompis (m) (pal)
Freya (f) - cold blood
+ characters from TV/film/books...
Rabbits
Trampe (m) (Thumper)
Trulte (f)
+ characters from TV/film/books...
Cows (yes, I am serious)
Dagros
Rosa
Mira
Luna
Sara
+ characters from TV/film - Disney is popular, as are the Kardashians :)
Road and street names
Storgata (usually the main street)
Kongens gate (the king's street)
Dronningens gate (the queen's street)
Jernbanegata (railroad street)
Jernbaneveien (railroad road)
Sjøgata (ocean street)
Sjøveien, Sjøvegen (ocean road)
Skolegata (school street)
Torvgata (plaza street)
Industrigata (industrial street)
Industriveien (industrial road)
Prefixes
Blåbær- (blueberry)
Bringebær- (raspberry)
Bjørke- (birch)
Aspe- (asp)
Kastanje- (chestnut)
Solsikke- (sun flower)
Blåklokke- (blue bell)
Nype- (rosehip)
Kirke- (church)
Park- (park)
Suffixes
-veien, -vegen (the road)
-stien (the path)
Other
Torvet (the plaza) - standalone or suffix: -torvet
Havna (the port) - standalone or suffix: -havna
Kaia (the port) - standalone or suffix: -kaia
Safe solution: use a first name or surname as prefix.
Old norse
Men’s names
Agnarr (Agnar)
Alfr (Alf)
Ámundi (Amund)
Ánarr
Árngrimr (Arngrim)
Askr (Ask)
Auðun (Audun)
Baldr (Balder)
Beinir
Bjørn
Burr
Borkr
Dagfinnr (Dagfinn)
Davið (David)
Drengr
Durinn
Einarr (Einar)
Eirikr (Eirik)
Eivindr (Eivind)
Erlingr (Erling)
Fafnir
Flóki
Freyr (Frey)
Fuldarr
Galinn
Gautarr (Gaute)
Gegnir
Geirr (Geir)
Glóinn
Grímarr (Grimar)
Hafli
Hakon
Hallsteinn (Hallstein)
Haraldr (Harald)
Haukr (Hauk)
Heðinn (Hedin, Hedinn)
Helgi (Helge)
Hrafn, Hrafni (Ravn)
Hrafnkell (Ravnkjell)
Iarl (Jarl)
Ingolfr (Ingolf)
Iuar (Ivar)
Jafnhárr
Jón
Jóngeirr
Kál
Kiaran
Klaus
Knútr (Knut)
Kolgrimr (Kolgrim)
Kolr (Kol)
Leifr (Leif)
Loki
Lyngvi
Magnus
Mikjáll (Mikal, Mikkel)
Mór
Morði
Nesbjørn
Nokkvi
Oddr (Odd)
Oddbjørn
Oðin (Odin)
Olafr (Olaf)
Ormr (Orm)
Otr
Ouden
Pálni
Pedr
Ragnarr (Ragnar)
Ragnvaldr (Ragnvald)
Randr (Rand)
Róaldr (Roald)
Rólfr (Rolf)
Salvi
Sigarr (Sigar)
Sigbjørn
Sigurðr (Sigurd)
Skarpe
Snorri (Snorre)
Steinn (Stein)
Sveinn (Svein)
Teitr
Þor (Thor/Tor)
Þórbjørn (Thorbjørn/Torbjørn)
Þorsteinn (Thorstein/Torstein)
Tryggr (Trygg)
Týr
Ulfár
Ulfheðinn (Ulvhedin)
Ulfr (Ulf)
Vakr
Vani
Veigr
Viðarr (Vidar)
Yngvarr (Yngvar)
Æsi
Women's names
Anna
Arnfriðr (Arnfrid)
Ása
Bera
Bergdís (Bergdis)
Biørg (Bjørg)
Cecilia
Cecilie
Christina
Dagný (Dagny)
Dagrún (Dagrun)
Dís
Dísa
Edda
Elin
Ellisif (Ellisiv)
Freyja (Freya)
Friða (Frida)
Frigg
Gerðr (Gerd)
Gertrud
Grima
Gyða (Gyda)
Hadda
Hallbéra
Hallkatla
Herdís (Herdis)
Hildigunnr (Hildegunn)
Huld
Hvít
Ida
Iðunn (Idun, Idunn)
Ingríðr (Ingrid)
Johanna
Jórunn (Jorun, Jorunn)
Juliana
Katla
Katrine
Kristín (Kristin)
Leikný (Leikny)
Lif (Liv)
Magnhildr (Magnhild)
Mjøll
Myrgiol
Nál
Nanna
Nótt
Oda
Oddný (Oddny)
Ólaug (Olaug)
Rafnhildr (Ragnhild)
Rán
Rannveíg
Ríkví (Rikvi, Rikke)
Rúna (Runa)
Roskva
Sága (Saga)
Sif (Siv)
Sigriðr (Sigrid)
Skaði (Skadi)
Skuld
Svana
Sýn
Solveig
Tekla
Tóra (Tora)
Trana
Ulfhildr (Ulfhild)
Una
Urðr (Urd)
Valborg
Vigdís (Viigdis)
Vírún
Yngvildr (Ingvill, Ingvild)
Yrsa
Bynames
Bynames, or nicknames, could be neutral, praising or condescending. Usually bynames described a person's
body, bodyparts, bodily features
age
kinship and descent
territorial origin
knowledge, belief, spirituality
clothing, armour
occupation, social position
nature
Examples:
Eirik Blodøks (Eirik Blood-Axe), Gammel-Anna (old Anna), Halte-Ása (limping Ása).
I suggest that you stick with English for bynames, or use (relatively) modern language if you are writing in Norwegian.
Surnames
Surnames weren't really a thing until 1923 when they became mandatory. Before 1923 patronyms (son/daughter of) were used, and the name of the farm you lived on was often added as an address.
For instance: Helgi Eiriksøn (Helgi, son of Eirik), who lived at the farm called Vollr (grass field), would be called Helgi Eiriksøn Vollr. If he moved to the farm called Haugr his name would change to Helgi Eiriksøn Haugr.
Patronyms
Men: Use father's first name and add -sen /-son /-sønn
Women: Use father's first name and add -dotter / -dottir / -datter
Farm names
Farm names were usually relevant and derived from either the location, a nearby landmark, nature or from occupation.
I suggest you stick with the modern forms for farm names.
Old Norse (meaning) - modern
Bekkr (stream) - Bekk, Bekken
Dalr (valley) - Dal, Dahl
Horn (horn) - Horn
Vollr (field) - Vold, Volden
Lundr (grove) - Lund
The list of common names for places/villages/towns is still valid, although the spelling is modern. Just keep it simple and make "clever" combos based on meaning.
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