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softrobotcritics · 2 years ago

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Amphibious soft robot

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/admt.202201259

Abstract

Matching the rich multimodality of natural organisms, i.e., the ability to transition between crawling and swimming, walking and jumping, etc., represents a grand challenge in the fields of soft and bio-inspired robotics. Here, a multimodal soft robot locomotion using highly compact and dynamic bistable soft actuators is achieved. These actuators are composed of a prestretched membrane sandwiched between two 3D printed frames with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) coils. The actuator can swiftly transform between two oppositely curved states and generate a force of 0.3 N through a snap-through instability that is triggered after 0.2 s of electrical activation with an input power of 21.1 ± 0.32 W (i.e., electrical energy input of 4.22 ± 0.06 J. The consistency and robustness of the snap-through actuator response is experimentally validated through cyclical testing (580 cycles). The compact and fast-responding properties of the soft bistable actuator allow it to be used as an artificial muscle for shape-reconfigurable soft robots capable of multiple modes of SMA-powered locomotion. This is demonstrated by creating three soft robots, including a reconfigurable amphibious robot that can walk on land and swim in water, a jumping robot (multimodal crawler) that can crawl and jump, and a caterpillar-inspired rolling robot that can crawl and roll.

1 Introduction

In order to survive in the natural world, many animals have evolved to perform more than one mode of locomotion. For instance, besides crawling, some caterpillars are capable of rapidly curling themselves and rolling away to evade predators.[1] Crocodiles can both run on land and swim in the water in order to hunt their prey. Geese are capable of both flying for migration and walking to lay eggs in a nest. Inspired by nature, roboticists have developed machines capable of multimodal locomotion that are able to maneuver in unstructured environments for the application like search and rescue operation,[2]monitoring and defence.[3] Such multimodality is typically achieved through either i) shape morphing of the body, ii) gait change, or iii) using different mechanisms of actuation or propulsion. A popular approach is to use distinct propulsive mechanisms that are specialized for locomotion within a corresponding environment (e.g., propeller for flying and swimming and a wheel for locomotion on land[4, 5]). However, multiple propulsive mechanisms can complicate design and add extra weight to such systems. Likewise, using a single propulsive mechanism capable of achieving distinct gaits and locomotion modes can simplify the design but often results in more limited mobility within certain environments.[6-8] A promising alternative is to utilize reversible shape morphing of the body, so that a common set of actuators or robotic limbs can be re-oriented to perform new modes of ground contact or fluid-structure interactions (see Refs. [9-11] for examples).

Soft robots are especially well-suited for reversible shape change due to their mechanical deformability and morphological response in response to controlled stimuli. Recently, Baines et al. proposed a shape morphing limb that can transform between a flipper and a leg by taking advantage of stiffness tuning.[12] The limb is implemented on a turtle-inspired robot[6] to facilitate amphibious locomotion. Shah et al. presented a shape morphing robot that can switch between a crawling gait and a rolling gait to adapt to different environments through the actuation of both internal and external bladders.[13] Although the transformation process is expensive in both energy (72 W) and time (16 min)[12] or relies on external bulky hardware,[13] these two studies provide a promising approach for designing robots that are capable of multi-modal locomotion through the use of reversible shape change.

Soft actuators capable of bistable configurations represent a promising solution to overcome the existing challenges with shape-reconfigurable soft robotic systems. Such actuators can take advantage of snap-through instabilities to achieve fast and reversible shape change through short impulses of stimulation. Moreover, they can maintain different stable shapes without continuously consuming energy.[14, 15] In recent years, bistability has been exploited to create soft actuators for high-speed locomotion of soft robots,[16-18] fast grasping of soft grippers,[19-22] control of soft valves,[23-25] and construction of 3D reconfigurable electronics.[26, 27] However, the potential benefit of using bistability to facilitate multi-modal and amphibious locomotion remains unexplored. Additionally, the majority of the aforementioned soft actuators still require relatively bulky hardware for power and control.

Here, we present a highly dynamic and compact soft actuator that uses a snap-through instability to swiftly switch between two oppositely curved states (Figure 1A–C). The bistable actuator is powered through thermal activation of embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) coils and is capable of achieving a snap-through transition within 0.2 and 0.3 s in air and water, respectively, when powered at 11.1 V (DC Power Supply, Eventek or battery). SMA is adopted here due to its fast response, high mass-to-weight ratio, and compatibility with small and lightweight electronics for power and control.[28-30] By harnessing the fast and reversible response that is achieved through snap-through instability, a pair of bistable soft actuators are implemented on an amphibious robot that is capable of rapid transitions between a swimming-favored state and a walking-favored state (Figure 1D). Inspired by the caterpillar, we also demonstrate that multiple bistable actuators can connected in series to create a soft robot that is capable of adapting to various ground terrain by swiftly transitioning between a crawling gait and a rolling gait (Figure 1E). Moreover, we perform a series of experimental measurements to characterize the bending response, blocking force, and cyclical repeatibility of the actuator. In addition, we develop an experimentally-validated analytic model and numerical simulation to examine the design principles of the actuator. These experimental and theoretical studies provide a framework for understanding the mechanics of the snap-through instability and the influence of design parameters on actuator performance....

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vsenterprise · 3 hours ago

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What Are Pneumatic Cylinders? Simple Guide For Beginners

Pneumatic cylinders are useful parts of many machines and are powered by compressed air to work. These devices are used in various industries, such as manufacturing, packaging, etc. In this post, we will explore the principles of operation of pneumatic cylinders, their different types and uses, and the benefits they offer in automation. Having an understanding of these components will help you make better decisions related to your projects, and thus improve your operational efficiency.

What are Pneumatic Cylinders?

Pneumatic cylinders also known as air cylinders are devices that use compressed gas energy to create linear motion. Basically compressed air drives a piston that is inside a cylinder, and the piston moves in linear motion by pushing or pulling.

Working Principle or Functionality

Pneumatic cylinder Components

Cylinder body: This is the outer framework that contains the internal parts and provides stability.

Piston: A cylindrical or disc-shaped component that rotates within the cylinder body. It is responsible for transmitting the force generated by compressed air.

Piston rod: A metal rod attached to the piston, which extends outside the cylinder. It transfers the linear motion of the piston to the load.

Air inlet and outlet ports: These ports allow compressed air to enter and exit the cylinder, controlling the movement of the piston.

Seal: A sealing mechanism prevents air leakage between the piston and the cylinder wall.

End caps: These components seal the ends of the cylinder and provide mounting points.

How Pneumatic cylinders Work

Pneumatic cylinders are machines that use compressed air and provide linear motion. Because they are very simple, reliable, and versatile, they have wide application in many industries.

Air supply: Compressed air is supplied to the cylinder from an external source, such as an air compressor.

Air inlet: Compressed air enters the cylinder chamber through the inlet port.

Piston movement: Air pressure forces the piston to move in a specific direction, either extending or retracting.

Load application: The piston rod attached to the piston transmits linear motion to the load, causing the desired work.

Air exhaust: As the piston moves, the air in the opposite chamber is exhausted through the outlet port.

Types of Pneumatic Cylinders

Pneumatic cylinders are versatile devices that convert compressed air energy into linear motion. While they share a common principle of operation, they come in a variety of types, each of which is suitable for specific applications. Here is a description of the most common types:

Single-acting cylinders: Single acting cylinders have the most basic configuration of all pneumatic cylinders, they have one air port and operate in only one direction which is usually an extension stroke. In most cases there is a spring. They are ideal for simple processes such as turning a switch on and off or controlling a valve.

Double-acting cylinders: Double-acting cylinders are superior to single-acting cylinders. Since they have two ports that allow for both extension and retraction strokes, they can be used in a wide range of applications such as automating tasks involving robotics, material handling, and more.

Telescopic cylinders: Telescopic cylinders are designed with more compact dimensions but have a longer stroke length. Their design includes multiple stages that allow them to be extended one at a time and so they are useful in applications requiring long strokes but suffer from space limitations. This makes them suitable for heavy-duty applications such as lifting and positioning heavy loads.

Rodless Cylinder: Rodless cylinders are a special type of pneumatic actuator that can be called space-efficient, and in this case, they can be called space-efficient and they do not use a standard piston rod. Instead, they use a magnetic or mechanical coupling that provides the force to the load. This construction eliminates the rod seals which reduces frictional forces and improves performance. However the rodless cylinder design is best for systems with limited space, where contamination may be a concern or where a long stroke length is required.

Other special types:

Through-rod cylinder: This has a rod that passes through both ends of the cylinder, ensuring that force and speed are uniform in both directions.

Cushion cylinder: This includes a built-in damping feature that reduces shock and vibration at the end of the stroke.

Rotary cylinder: Enable rotational motion in the linear direction and are widely used in rotary indexing tables.

Tandem cylinder: A set of two cylinders that are fixed longitudinally end to end to enable a longer stroke length.

Pneumatic cylinder Design and Manufacturing

Modern pneumatic cylinders are becoming more intelligent, more powerful and increasingly more functional across a variety of industries. They are also designed to be more compact and integrate seamlessly with automated equipment. So, let’s take a look at the constructional features of today’s industrial cylinders, the materials used in them, their installation methods and their relevance in today’s world.

Types of Pneumatic cylinder Construction

The design and construction of pneumatic cylinders is determined by their purpose. The following are some common types:

1. Tie Rod Cylinder:

This is a common cylinder design that features great strength and protection.

Aircraft cylinder cover plates contain tie rods that make this structure robust and suitable for heavy-duty applications.

These are often plated to allow for better corrosion resistance and survival in aggressive environments.

2. Compact Cylinders:

Designed for situations where space is a constraint.

Have a significant force to size ratio making them suitable for use in automated systems with limited space.

Mostly used in production lines that require power but in small sizes.

3. One-piece Welded Cylinder:

Lowest cost, with welded or crimped ends, which makes this cylinder unsuitable in terms of servicing.

These cylinders are easy to handle and can be used for primary operations which do not require much handling.

4. Threaded End Cylinders:

Have threads at both ends, which are attached to the tube body with the help of screws.

Although they are relatively light in weight, there may be some restrictions regarding their strength and stability.

5. Integrated-Sensor Cylinders:

Sensors obtain information such as position, force, etc. in an automated manner.

Recommended for applications requiring high accuracy as well as in combination with smart factory applications.

Materials Used for Pneumatic Cylinders

The material selected greatly affects the running and working life of the cylinder in extreme working conditions such as:

Aluminum is a common metal used in the manufacture of pneumatic cylinders because it is strong enough for a good strength-to-weight ratio. Stainless steel works well in low-stress applications and humid or high-moisture environments due to its high strength and durability. New composite resins and alloys improve the durability of parts and yet reduce weight. A large percentage of today’s pneumatic cylinders are manufactured from green and recyclable materials to reduce pollution.

Mounting options

The ease of installation and mounting of a pneumatic cylinder is influenced by its design, as it makes using the cylinder much easier. For horizontal mounts, foot mounts are common; for rotary units, clevis and trunnion mounts are used; for high-stress applications, flanged mounts are provided; and where cylinders need to be changed quickly, magnetic and quick-change mounts come in handy. Such modern fixing systems on pneumatic cylinders reduce idle time and increase operational efficiency in factories, making automation less difficult and managing pneumatically operated cylinders easier.

Cylinder Size

Depending on the application, pneumatic cylinders can be small, standard or large. Miniature examples are used when more precise movements are required for activities such as electronics and medical equipment handling. On the other hand, other examples are used in applications that require the lifting of heavy objects, such as moving materials.

Smart Technology Integration

Pneumatic cylinders are being equipped with intelligent technology features that include IoT and sensor integration to enable predictive maintenance as well as programmable logic control for precise movement of the cylinders. This makes the cylinders suitable for automated processes that require high precision.

Industrial Application of Pneumatic Cylinders

Due to their simplicity of maintenance, dependability, and efficacy, pneumatic cylinders can be found in almost all industries. They are able to convert compressed air energy into linear motion, which is fundamental in countless industrial uses. Below are several industries and applications where pneumatic cylinders are important:

1. Manufacturing and Assembly:

Material Handling: In conveyor systems, pneumatic cylinders are used to lift, push or pull material in a production line.

Clamping and Holding: These are used in assembly during processes such as welding, drilling or fastening by joining and holding parts together.

Pressing and Stamping: These are widely used in metal working for punching, stamping and pressing materials into required forms.

2. Automotive industry:

Automation of assembly lines: In particular, pneumatic cylinders control robot arms as well as automated systems that assemble vehicle parts.

Lifting mechanisms: These are useful machines in assembly lines by lifting and positioning heavy automotive parts.

Automatic door and hood test systems: The cylinders replicate the entire opening and closing movements of doors and hoods in durability testing.

3. Packaging Industry:

Sorting and counting: The use of these cylinders makes it easier to sort, count and transfer items in packaging lines, making the production flow more efficient.

Sealing and cutting: Shells are used in sealing machines for bags or packages, as well as, in machines that cut parts in paper or plastic packages.

Bottle and container filling: Pneumatic cylinders make the entire process of filling, capping or even labeling bottles and other containers precise.

4. Food and beverage industry:

Bottling and canning lines: Filling, sealing and labelling operations are controlled by pneumatic cylinders that guarantee hygiene and performance.

Food processing machines: Used to cut, portion or pack foods.

Automated sorting: Enables bulk sorting of foods as well as organisation and speed in mass production.

5. Pharmaceutical Industry:

Tablet Press Machines: This involves the use of machines that compress powders into tablets of specific dimensions in the manufacturing process.

Packaging and Labeling: This involves the proper packaging and labeling of products which is important for correct compliance.

Sterile and Controlled Environment: Speed and controlled environment are achieved by using pneumatic systems in sensitive areas to prevent hydraulic fluids from contaminating the area.

6. Textile Industry:

Loom machines: In the weaving process, pneumatic cylinders activate the movement of the loom to maintain the quality standards of the fabric.

Fabric cutting: Used in automatic cutting machines to enable different shapes and sizes of fabrics.

Dyeing and printing machines: Cylindrical mechanisms ensure that the process of dyeing and printing on textiles is carried out in a smooth and repetitive manner.

7. Construction and mining:

Excavation equipment: Cylinders are used in hammers, rock drills and other excavation equipment to move or break up material.

Concrete pumps: These are relevant in construction to allow concrete to flow or pump in a certain direction.

Lifting and positioning equipment: These are useful in positioning heavy equipment or materials on construction sites.

8. Aerospace industry:

Aircraft component testing: cylinders move an aircraft component for the purpose of testing its durability.

Assembly and maintenance: pneumatic systems achieve the desired precision when assembling aircraft parts to the required quality standard.

Landing gear and braking systems: for some airplanes, pneumatic systems can be used for retractable landing gear and brakes.

9. Printing and Paper Industry:

Paper Feed and Alignment: In printing machines refinishing cylinders are used to assist in the feeding, the alignment and the cutting of paper.

Printing Press Operations: Assist in the process of applying printing pressure to maintain proper depths of impression and clear prints.

Binding and Folding: The machines that tuck, fold and stack, and bind paper products also use pneumatic actuating systems.

Best Brand for Pneumatic Cylinder

Top Pneumatic cylinder Manufacturers in India:

1. Mercury Pneumatics

2. Janatics Pneumatic Cylinders

3. SMC Pneumatic Cylinders

4. Festo Pneumatic Cylinders

5. Nishaka Pneumatics

6. Hydro-Pneumatic Controls

7. Hydraulic & Pneumatic Products

8. A. Tech

9. Mehta Hydraulics Equipments LLP

10. Proline Industrial Valves

11. Jyoti Hydraulic

12. Honeytech Controls Pvt. Ltd

1. Karma Automation

Why Choose VS Enterprise

Choosing VS Enterprise as your partner in pneumatic solutions is the best decision, as they certainly understand the needs of the customers as the leader in the industry. This is why customers across India choose us for all their pneumatic needs:

Top Dealer of Leading Pneumatic Brands

VS Enterprise takes pride in being the main dealer of high-caliber brands such as Mercury Pneumatics, Janatics Pneumatic cylinders and Techno Pneumatic Cylinders. We concentrate on getting them genuine, high-end products from these perfect makers for their customers to get only the best in the market.

Comprehensive Product Range

Our products range covers a vast spectrum of various pneumatic parts and components which include cylinders, valves, fittings and accessories. For special pneumatic tools or standard tools, you can rely on VS Enterprise.

Industry Expertise and Experience

Our team has extensive experience and knowledge across the entire spectrum of the pneumatic industry. Understanding the nature of pneumatic systems helps us provide valuable advice on specific products used in their applications.

Unmatched Customer Support

Customer satisfaction is guaranteed at VS Enterprise. The well-trained support staff can gladly assist with product purchase and technical issues as well as after-sale services making the process much easier starting at the point of sale and continuing up until implementation.

Competitive Pricing

There are many businesses which consider quality to be expensive. However, we do not believe in that. We collaborate with eminent manufacturers in order to provide quality pneumatic products at reasonable prices.

Timely Delivery and Reliable Service

The reason why we make it a point to have a fast and effective order management and delivery process is because we know that downtime is costly for you. In working with VS Enterprise, you can be assured that your equipment will be delivered in a went state and at the right time.

Technical Details of Pneumatic cylinders

Download PDF

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. How can pneumatic cylinders be used as hydraulic cylinders?

Pneumatic actuators cannot directly replace hydraulic actuators, because pneumatically actuated cylinders operate at low pressures of a gas, dry air, while hydraulic cylinders operate at pressures of a fluid that are significantly higher. Nevertheless, there are some applications in light and low-pressure operations where the speed of a pneumatic actuator can be similar to that of a hydraulic cylinder.

Q2. How can I control the distance of a pneumatic cylinder?

The range of motion of a pneumatic cylinder can be controlled by manipulating the control valve, stroke limit setting or displacement sensors used to monitor and adjust travel, respectively.

Q3. Which are the best pneumatic cylinder manufacturers?

The most well-known manufacturers of pneumatic cylinders include Mercury Pneumatics, Genetics, Techno Pneumatics, SMC, Festo and Parker.

Q4. Can hydraulic cylinders be used as pneumatic cylinders?

Hydraulic cylinders are made for high-pressure liquid and pneumatic cylinders are made for compressed air. Although they are both intended to perform the same function, one should never confuse a pneumatic cylinder with a hydraulic cylinder as a pneumatic cylinder will not work on compressed air and may burst instead.

Q5. How do you reduce the speed of a pneumatic cylinder?

There are several ways to reduce the speed of a pneumatic cylinder such as the use of a flow control valve, adjustment of air pressure or the connection of a silencer.

Q6. How do you fix a pneumatic cylinder?

To successfully repair a pneumatic cylinder, the first step is to find out what went wrong (leak, incorrect speed etc.). The next step is to check the piston seals, valves and piston. While giving the final touches make sure all the replaced parts are aligned and any broken parts are replaced.

Q6. How does a pneumatic cylinder work?

A pneumatic cylinder functions by using compressed air to generate linear force. In such cases when air enters the cylinder, it exerts force on the piston located inside, causing the rod to either expand or contract depending on the direction of the air flow, which is controlled by a set of valves.

#pneumatic valves types #types of pneumatic valves #pneumatic valves #vs enterprises #what is pneumatic valves #Pneumatic Cylinders #Pneumatic Cylinder #Mercury pneumatic Dealer

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electroniccomponentsupplier · 21 days ago

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Understanding MOS Relays: The Future of Switching Technology - MANGOFY

In the world of electronics, the need for efficient, reliable, and fast switching is ever-growing. Traditional mechanical relays, while useful in many applications, have limitations like slower response times, mechanical wear, and the need for regular maintenance. This is where MOS relays, a solid-state alternative, come into play.

What is a MOS Relay?

A MOS relay (also known as a MOSFET relay) is a type of solid-state relay that uses a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) to perform switching functions. Unlike mechanical relays, MOS relays do not have moving parts, making them more durable, faster, and more efficient in many applications.

Key features of MOS relays include:

No Mechanical Wear: Since there are no moving parts, MOS relays do not suffer from the wear and tear associated with mechanical relays.

Fast Switching Times: MOS relays can switch on and off rapidly, which is essential in applications requiring high-speed operations.

Low Power Consumption: Because MOS relays use semiconductor technology, they consume significantly less power compared to traditional relays.

Noise-Free Operation: MOS relays operate silently, which is a key advantage in noise-sensitive applications.

How Do MOS Relays Work?

MOS relays utilize a photovoltaic coupler to control a MOSFET. When a small control signal (usually a low-voltage signal like from a microcontroller) is applied to the input, it activates the LED within the relay. The light from the LED generates a voltage in the photovoltaic element, which in turn controls the MOSFET, allowing or blocking current flow in the output circuit.

This method of switching provides:

Electrical Isolation: The control signal is isolated from the switched circuit, which enhances safety and reduces the risk of interference.

Precision Control: MOS relays offer fine control over switching, ideal for sensitive applications.

Applications of MOS Relays

MOS relays have a wide range of applications, particularly in situations where high precision, reliability, and fast switching are required. Here are a few areas where MOS relays are commonly used:

Test Equipment: In precision measurement and testing equipment, MOS relays are used for switching signals without introducing noise or signal degradation. Their high speed and long lifespan make them ideal for automated test systems.

Telecommunications: In telecommunications infrastructure, MOS relays are employed for switching high-speed data signals. Their ability to switch quickly and without noise is crucial for maintaining signal integrity in high-frequency applications.

Automotive Electronics: MOS relays are increasingly used in automotive applications where reliability and durability are paramount. With the rise of electric and hybrid vehicles, MOS relays are used in systems like battery management, electric motor control, and various safety systems.

Industrial Automation: In factories and automated environments, MOS relays are employed for controlling motors, actuators, and sensors. Their durability and speed make them ideal for applications where fast switching is necessary to keep up with automated processes.

Renewable Energy Systems: Solar power systems, for example, often use MOS relays in their inverter circuits and battery management systems. The low power consumption and fast switching times help improve the efficiency and longevity of these systems.

MOS Relays vs. Mechanical Relays

Advantages of MOS Relays:

Durability: Without moving parts, MOS relays have a much longer operational life.

Speed: Mechanical relays are slower due to the physical movement required to make or break a connection. MOS relays, being solid-state, can switch in microseconds.

Power Efficiency: MOS relays consume less power, making them ideal for energy-conscious applications like battery-powered devices.

Noise-Free Operation: Since MOS relays do not physically move, they operate silently, which is critical in applications like medical devices and audio equipment.

Disadvantages of MOS Relays:

Cost: MOS relays tend to be more expensive than mechanical relays due to their advanced technology.

Current Rating: Mechanical relays can handle higher currents compared to MOS relays, which may have limitations in high-power applications.

Why MOS Relays are Crucial in Modern Electronics

As electronics continue to evolve toward more compact, efficient, and reliable systems, MOS relays are becoming an essential component. Their solid-state nature makes them more suitable for modern applications, where mechanical parts may be prone to failure and inefficiencies. Whether it's in consumer electronics, industrial automation, or renewable energy, MOS relays offer a compelling alternative to traditional relays, providing faster, quieter, and longer-lasting performance.

Conclusion:

With the increasing demand for more reliable and efficient switching technology, MOS relays are proving to be the future of electronics. Their fast switching times, low power consumption, and long operational life make them ideal for a wide range of applications—from high-speed data communication systems to advanced industrial automation. As industries continue to innovate and push the boundaries of technology, MOS relays will play a crucial role in ensuring high-performance, precision, and efficiency.

#MOS relays #Electronics distributors #electronic components #Wholesale Electronics distributor

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fantasticzombiefire · 24 days ago

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Honeywell Sensing And Control Bze6-2Rq-1Nc/1No Spdt Topplungeractsnap | PartsHnC

The Honeywell Sensing and Control BZE6-2RQ is a versatile limit switch featuring a single pole double throw (SPDT) configuration with one normally closed (NC) and one normally open (NO) contact. Designed for robust performance, it utilizes a top plunger actuation mechanism for reliable operation in various industrial applications.

#partshnc #hvacparts #partshncbuzz #airconditionerparts #furnaceparts #HoneywellSensingandControl #HoneywellSensingandControlParts #BZE6-2RQ #limitswitch

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tomb-raider-merchandise · 29 days ago

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Tomb Raider I-III Remastered Nitro Deck+

'Limited production of only 1,000 Worldwide! A Tomb Raider is always equipped! This Special Edition Nitro Deck+ controller for Nintendo® Switch™ has everything you need to be prepared! Enhance your gaming experience with this Tomb Raider-themed deck! Embark on an odyssey of discovery, danger, and untold wonders, where adventure awaits in the depths of every shadow and beyond each rugged rock.

This design showcases Lara's resilience and determination featuring artwork symbolic of her journey's challenges & obstacles. A towering mountain and intricate hieroglyphic symbols intertwined with foliage and cracked rocks evoke ancient civilizations and mysteries awaiting to be discovered.

Only 1000 of each will be made, so get your hands on one before they are locked in the vault for the rest of time!

Whether you’re playing at home or on the go, casually or competitively, the Nitro Deck+ delivers the responsiveness and precision you need to enjoy your favorite games comfortably, for longer.'

Created by Limited Run Games for the Nintendo Switch and OLED Model, it features artwork that represent Lara's adventures, such as Egyptian hieroglyphs and pyramids, cracked stone and jungle foliage. It has the teal and gold colouring that has become the colours for the unified era of the franchise, as well as the logo for 'Tomb Raider I-II-III Remastered'. Here are further details from the official store page: - Limited Production - Only 1,000 worldwide! - Transforms your Nintendo Switch™ into a stylish handheld console Teal and yellow Tomb Raider I-III Remastered Starring Lara Croft theme - Updated with a symmetrical thumbstick layout for enhanced comfort. - Equipped with Hall Effect thumbsticks for precise & responsive stick drift-free control. - Play in Docked Mode while connected to a TV. USB-C to HDMI adapter sold separately. - New fully programmable Sidekick buttons allow for more customization options. - Adjustable Trigger Sensitivity. Onboard with Hall Effect Triggers, allowing you to fine-tune the preferred actuation point of your triggers. - Low Latency Direct connection via USB-C allows for a more responsive, lag-free gaming experience. - Programmable back buttons add versatility to your play style. - Compatible with the "True Collection System" CRKD Companion App where you can tap your product into your collection of CRKD products, revealing the product # and rarity rank of your controller. In the future, the App will include a full suite of customization options including button programming, adjustable trigger sensitivity, and more.

As of writing this item is in pre-sale and is expected to ship in December 2024, for £70.00 from the official Tomb Raider Gear Store and was for sale on Limited Run Games for $79.99 but is now sold out.

#2024 #Tomb Raider Store #Computer Accessories

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electronifyindiaofficial · 1 month ago

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How to Choose the Right Switch for Your Electronics Project

In the world of electronics, switches are fundamental components that can make or break your project—literally. Whether you're building a simple LED circuit or a complex control system, selecting the right switch is crucial for functionality, reliability, and user experience. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of choosing the perfect switch for your electronics project.

Understanding Switch Basics

Before diving into the selection process, let's review some basic concepts about switches.

What is a Switch?

A switch is an electromechanical device that interrupts or diverts current flow in an electrical circuit. It's the physical interface between the user and the electronic system, allowing control over the circuit's operation.

Key Switch Terminology

Poles: The number of separate circuits a switch can control.

Throws: The number of positions each pole can connect to.

Contacts: The conductive parts that open or close the circuit.

Actuator: The part of the switch that the user interacts with.

Types of Switches

Let's explore the most common types of switches used in electronics projects.

Toggle Switches

Description: A classic switch with a lever that moves between two or three positions.

Best for: Projects requiring a clear on/off state or multi-position control.

Examples: Power switches, mode selectors.

Pushbutton Switches

Description: Activated by pressing a button, these can be momentary or latching.

Best for: User interfaces, reset buttons, or temporary activations.

Examples: Doorbell buttons, keyboard keys.

Slide Switches

Description: Features a sliding actuator that moves between two or more positions.

Best for: Compact designs or where visual state indication is important.

Examples: Volume controls, function selectors on small devices.

Rocker Switches

Description: Similar to toggle switches but with a rocking actuator.

Best for: Applications requiring a large, easy-to-use switch.

Examples: Power switches on appliances, light switches.

DIP Switches

Description: Small switches arranged in a dual in-line package.

Best for: Circuit board level configurations.

Examples: Setting device addresses, configuring hardware options.

Rotary Switches

Description: Switches that rotate between multiple positions.

Best for: Selecting between multiple options or settings.

Examples: Fan speed controls, multi-mode selectors.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Switch

Selecting the right switch involves considering various factors. Let's break them down:

Electrical Specifications

Voltage Rating: Ensure the switch can handle the circuit's voltage.

Current Rating: Check that the switch can safely carry the required current.

AC vs. DC: Some switches are designed specifically for AC or DC circuits.

Mechanical Characteristics

Size and Form Factor: Consider the available space in your project.

Actuation Force: How much force is required to operate the switch?

Lifecycle: How many operations can the switch perform before failing?

Environmental Factors

Temperature Range: Will the switch operate in extreme temperatures?

Moisture and Dust Resistance: Consider IP ratings for outdoor or industrial use.

Vibration and Shock Resistance: Important for mobile or rugged applications.

User Interface Considerations

Ease of Use: Is the switch comfortable and intuitive to operate?

Visual Feedback: Does the switch provide clear indication of its state?

Accessibility: Consider users with different abilities or limitations.

Project-Specific Requirements

Functionality Needed: Momentary, latching, multi-position?

Mounting Method: PCB mount, panel mount, or chassis mount?

Signal Type: Digital or analog switching required?

Step-by-Step Selection Process

Follow these steps to choose the right switch for your project:Define Your Requirements:

List all the functional and environmental needs of your project.

Determine the electrical specifications required.

Narrow Down Switch Types:

Based on your requirements, identify which types of switches could work.

Consider the pros and cons of each type for your specific application.

Check Electrical Compatibility:

Ensure the switch can handle your circuit's voltage and current.

Verify AC/DC compatibility if relevant.

Evaluate Mechanical Fit:

Measure the available space in your project.

Consider the ergonomics of switch placement and operation.

Assess Environmental Suitability:

If applicable, check temperature ratings and IP codes.

Consider additional protection or sealing if needed.

Consider User Experience:

Think about how the end-user will interact with the switch.

Prototype if possible to test usability.

Review Lifecycle and Reliability:

Check the switch's rated number of operations.

Consider the consequences and ease of replacement if the switch fails.

Compare Costs:

Look at both unit cost and any additional implementation costs.

Consider long-term reliability in your cost calculations.

Source and Availability:

Ensure the switch is readily available from reliable suppliers.

Consider lead times and minimum order quantities.

Prototype and Test:

If possible, obtain samples and test in your actual circuit.

Verify all specifications and functionality in real-world conditions.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Underrating Electrical Capacity: Always choose a switch rated higher than your maximum expected load.

Ignoring Environmental Factors: A switch that works fine indoors may fail quickly in a humid or dusty environment.

Overlooking Ergonomics: A switch that's difficult to use can frustrate users and lead to operational errors.

Focusing Solely on Cost: The cheapest option may lead to reliability issues or frequent replacements.

Neglecting Future Needs: Consider if your project might need upgrades or modifications in the future.

Conclusion

Choosing the right switch for your electronics project is a critical step that influences functionality, user experience, and reliability. By understanding the available switch types and carefully evaluating your project’s specific needs, you can select a switch that optimizes both performance and design.

The ideal switch balances electrical specifications, mechanical fit, environmental durability, and ease of use. Take the time to follow the selection process, prototype, and test thoroughly to ensure your switch meets all requirements.Need Help with Your Electronics Project?If you're looking for expert advice or high-quality components for your project, reach out to Electronify India. Our experienced team can guide you through the selection process and provide the best switches and other electronic components to meet your needs. Contact Electronify India today for reliable solutions and support!

#electronic #electronic components #circuits

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hongjuelectronics · 2 months ago

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Integration of Smart Pushbutton Switches and Remote Control Technology: Driving Smart Manufacturing in Industry 4.0

With the rapid development of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT), traditional pushbutton switches are evolving towards intelligence. Smart pushbutton switches not only perform basic switching functions but also incorporate advanced technologies such as remote monitoring, automated control, and data communication. These smart pushbutton switches play a critical role in factory automation and smart manufacturing systems, meeting the growing demand for remote control while ensuring compatibility with industrial communication protocols (e.g., Modbus, Profinet), laying the foundation for comprehensive integration in Industry 4.0.

1. Integration Technology of Smart Pushbutton Switches

Smart pushbutton switches are a combination of traditional mechanical buttons and modern electronic technology. In addition to providing physical actuation, they integrate sensors, microprocessors, and communication modules to enable real-time monitoring, data collection, and remote control.

1.1 Internal Integration of Circuits and Sensor Technology Smart pushbutton switches feature built-in microcontrollers (MCUs) and sensors that allow real-time sensing of switch states and transmit data to cloud platforms or local management systems. For example, buttons can integrate pressure sensors, temperature sensors, or vibration sensors to monitor the operational status and environmental conditions of equipment.

Application Example: During an industrial manufacturing process, a pushbutton switch with an integrated temperature sensor can monitor equipment's temperature changes in real time. If the temperature exceeds a set threshold, the switch automatically sends an alert and controls the equipment to stop, preventing damage caused by overheating.

1.2 Data Collection and Communication Module Integration Smart pushbutton switches can also integrate wireless communication modules (e.g., Wi-Fi, Zigbee, or LoRa) to send collected data to remote servers. These switches are not limited to local operation but can be tracked in real-time through remote monitoring platforms, leveraging big data analysis to optimize production processes.

2. Remote Monitoring and Control of Smart Pushbutton Switches

In smart manufacturing environments, remote monitoring and control functions significantly enhance factory management efficiency. Traditional pushbutton switches require manual on-site operation, whereas smart pushbutton switches can achieve remote control via network connectivity, supporting automated management and reducing manual intervention.

2.1 Implementation of Remote Control Through wireless communication technology, smart pushbutton switches can connect with central control systems or mobile devices, enabling operators to remotely control switches through computers or smartphone applications. Smart switches can integrate with factory automation systems (e.g., SCADA systems) to provide real-time remote control and status monitoring of production equipment.

Application Example: In a large factory, smart pushbutton switches are used to remotely control the start and stop of machines. When a fault is detected on a production line, the factory manager can remotely shut down the related equipment from the control center or mobile app, minimizing production accidents and downtime.

2.2 Real-Time Data Feedback and Alarm Functions Smart pushbutton switches are capable not only of remote control but also real-time data feedback and alarm functions. When the switch detects an abnormal condition (e.g., overload, temperature anomaly, or circuit fault), the system immediately sends an alert to notify the management. Through the remote monitoring system, operators can quickly identify and resolve the issue, minimizing the impact of equipment failures.

Application Example: A manufacturing company’s smart pushbutton switch system monitors the electrical current of equipment in real time. If the current exceeds a safe range, the smart switch immediately cuts off the power and sends an alert, preventing potential overheating or burning of equipment.

3. Compatibility Design of Pushbutton Switches with Industrial Communication Protocols

In industrial automation, pushbutton switches play a crucial role as input devices. They must be compatible with various industrial communication protocols to seamlessly integrate into existing industrial control systems, such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) networks and Distributed Control Systems (DCS). Modbus, Profinet, and similar protocols are the core standards for industrial communication, and smart pushbutton switches need to be designed for seamless integration with these protocols.

3.1 Modbus Protocol Compatibility Design Modbus is a widely used protocol for communication between industrial devices, typically facilitating data transmission between PLCs and controllers. Smart pushbutton switches with built-in communication modules compatible with Modbus protocol can directly exchange data with PLCs. This allows the switches to perform not only simple switching operations but also bidirectional communication with device management systems, enabling remote status monitoring and parameter adjustments.

Application Example: In a factory, a smart pushbutton switch is connected to a PLC via Modbus, allowing real-time feedback of the switch status. Factory managers can adjust the switch's response parameters through the control system to optimize its sensitivity and operation.

3.2 Profinet Protocol Compatibility Design Profinet is an industrial Ethernet-based standard used for efficient real-time communication, especially in scenarios requiring high response speeds. By supporting the Profinet protocol, smart pushbutton switches can integrate seamlessly with fieldbus and control networks, providing fast and reliable responses.

Application Example: In an automated production line, smart pushbutton switches connect to the robotic control system via Profinet, enabling real-time control and feedback of multiple devices on the production line. Through the Profinet network, switch state changes can be transmitted to the control center within milliseconds, ensuring quick responses during the production process.

4. Application Prospects of Smart Pushbutton Switches in Industry 4.0

The integration and remote control technologies of smart pushbutton switches lay a solid foundation for Industry 4.0’s smart manufacturing. By integrating sensors and communication technology, pushbutton switches can play a more intelligent role in factory automation control.

4.1 Data-Driven Intelligent Decision-Making Smart pushbutton switches are not just operational interfaces but also sources of valuable data for smart manufacturing. These data can be used for production forecasting, equipment maintenance, and energy efficiency optimization. For example, data collected by smart pushbutton switches allow companies to analyze the status of equipment, predict potential failures, and conduct maintenance in advance, reducing unplanned downtime.

Application Example: A factory monitors real-time data from pushbutton switches to accurately predict maintenance times for production line equipment, preventing interruptions caused by equipment failure and improving overall operational efficiency.

4.2 Integration with Cloud Computing and Big Data Combining smart pushbutton switches with cloud computing and big data platforms enables broader remote management and optimization. Through cloud platforms, operators can not only monitor equipment status remotely but also use data analytics to identify potential issues and improvement opportunities.

Application Example: In a globalized production network, smart pushbutton switches connected to a cloud platform allow for remote management across different regions. Factory managers can monitor equipment operation in real-time across various facilities and make adjustments remotely.

5. Future Development Trends of Smart Pushbutton Switches

As IoT and smart manufacturing continue to spread, smart pushbutton switches will become even more intelligent and multifunctional. The following are key trends in the future development of smart pushbutton switches:

5.1 Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology By introducing AI algorithms into smart pushbutton switches, devices will be able to learn and optimize their operations autonomously. For example, smart switches may adjust their sensitivity based on usage habits or automatically modify control strategies by analyzing environmental data.

5.2 Introduction of Edge Computing Technology Future smart pushbutton switches will leverage edge computing technology to process more data locally, reducing reliance on remote servers. This will enhance system response speed and improve the autonomous decision-making capabilities of pushbutton switches.

Conclusion

The integration and remote control technologies of smart pushbutton switches are revolutionizing industrial manufacturing. Through compatibility with industrial communication protocols, smart pushbutton switches can seamlessly integrate into industrial automation systems, enabling real-time control and remote monitoring. In the future, with the introduction of artificial intelligence and edge computing technologies, smart pushbutton switches will play an even more crucial role in Industry 4.0, driving manufacturing towards greater intelligence and automation.

en.dghongju.com

#factory #pushbutton

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creativeelectricals · 1 month ago

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Optimize Your Environment with Temperature and Humidity Sensors!

Ensure the perfect atmosphere for your home or business with our advanced Temperature and Humidity Sensors! Monitor conditions accurately and maintain comfort with our reliable solutions. Explore our range today for better environmental control! Shop Now!

#limit switch actuator

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cebecoau · 2 months ago

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Understanding Pressure Switches: Essential Components for Reliable System Control

Pressure switches are crucial devices used in various industries to monitor and control fluid or gas pressure within systems. These elements are essential for guaranteeing the safety, efficiency, and functionality of machinery and equipment. Whether in industrial processes, HVAC systems, or automotive applications, pressure switches offer reliable performance and prevent potential hazards by maintaining optimal pressure levels.

At its core, a pressure switch operates by activating or deactivating a circuit when a predetermined pressure level is reached. This mechanism helps regulate pressure to Avoid overpressurization scenarios that may result in equipment damage or operational failures. Pressure switches come in two primary varieties: mechanical and electronic.

Mechanical pressure switches use a diaphragm or bellows that moves in response to pressure changes. This movement actuates a set of electrical contacts, either opening or closing them based on the pressure level. These switches are robust, relatively simple, and suited for a wide range of applications. On the other hand, electronic pressure switches utilize sensors and microprocessors to monitor and control pressure. They offer higher precision and can provide more detailed feedback, such as digital readouts and programmable settings.

One of the primary benefits of using pressure switches is their ability to enhance safety. By ensuring that systems do not exceed safe pressure limits, these switches help prevent catastrophic failures and extend the lifespan of equipment. For example, in hydraulic systems, a pressure switch can shut down the pump if the pressure exceeds a set threshold, preventing potential damage to the system and reducing maintenance costs.

In HVAC systems, pressure switches are used to regulate air and refrigerant pressures, ensuring efficient operation and preventing damage to compressors. In automotive applications, these switches monitor oil and fuel pressures, contributing to the vehicle's overall reliability and performance.

Several factors must be considered when selecting a pressure switch, including the pressure range, operating environment, and compatibility with the system. Choosing the right pressure switch is crucial for achieving accurate and reliable performance.

In conclusion, pressure switches are indispensable components that play a significant role in maintaining system integrity and operational efficiency across various applications. By understanding their types, benefits, and selection criteria, industries can better harness their capabilities to ensure safety and enhance performance.

#pressure switch #pressure switches

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bliiot-jerry · 3 months ago

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AGV links MES to Create Intelligent Warehousing System 1--How to use ARM Embedded Computer to build AGV System?

What is AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) ?

AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) can generally control its route and behavior through a computer. It has strong self-adjustment, high degree of automation, accuracy and convenience, can effectively avoid human errors and save human resources. In the automated logistics system, rechargeable batteries are used as the power source to achieve flexibility, efficient, economical and flexible unmanned work and management.

Types of AGV Vehicle Controllers

The vehicle controller is the core of the control system and even the entire AGV. The vehicle controllers used by AGV are basically divided into the following three types:

PLC：PLC has the advantages of high reliability, easy programming, and flexible expansion, and is suitable for most AGV application scenarios. However, PLC also has disadvantages such as high cost and large size.

ARM Industrial Computer：ARM Embedded Computer is actually a computer with powerful computing power and flexible expansion capabilities. It has strong anti-interference capabilities and can be used in harsh industrial environments such as vibration and electromagnetic radiation. ARM Embedded Computer has a compact structure and small size, and can run general operating systems such as Linux.

Microcontroller：The advantages of microcomputers include low cost, low power consumption, and small size, making them suitable for small and medium-sized, cost-sensitive AGV applications. However, the shortcomings of microcomputers, such as limited computing power and limited storage space, also limit their scope of application.

The Composition of AGV

Traditional AGV system

Traditional AGV systems mainly rely on PLC, IO modules, switches, 4G routers and other devices to work together.

PLC as control center: responsible for receiving data from sensors and controlling the actions of AGV according to preset logic.

IO module: used to connect various sensors and actuators to realize signal conversion and transmission.

Switch: ensure smooth communication between various components.

4G router: provides connection with external systems to realize remote monitoring and data exchange.

Although traditional systems can meet basic automation needs, they have some obvious limitations:

High hardware cost: multiple independent devices need to cooperate with each other to achieve complete functions.

Complex maintenance: The complexity of the system leads to high maintenance costs and high requirements for the expertise of technicians.

Difficult expansion: adding new functions or changing existing settings is cumbersome, which limits the flexibility of the system.

AGV System based on ARM Embedded Computer ARMxy

Powerful computing power: ARMxy Embedded Computers are equipped with high-performance processors, which can easily cope with complex control algorithms, multi-sensor data fusion, and real-time path planning. Integrated AI function support can achieve more complex and efficient path planning and task scheduling.

Rich interfaces: ARMxy Embedded Computers provide a variety of optional interfaces, such as serial ports, Ethernet, CAN ports, IO module ports, etc., which can be easily connected to various sensors, actuators, etc. according to actual conditions.

Efficient communication: ARMxy Embedded Computers support multi-channel CAN bus interfaces, 4G/5G and Wi-Fi technologies to ensure real-time data exchange between AGV and WMS(Warehouse management system), MES（Manufacturing execution system） and cloud platforms.

Flexible scalability: ARMxy Embedded Computers support a variety of operating systems and development environments, and can flexibly configure and expand system functions according to needs, facilitating users to carry out secondary development.

High reliability: ARMxy Embedded Computers usually use industrial-grade components, have high reliability and stability, and can adapt to harsh industrial environments.

Support multi-tasking: ARMxy Embedded Computers can run multiple tasks at the same time to achieve multiple control functions for AGV.

Comparative Analysis

Compared with the traditional AGV system, the new system based on ARMxy Embedded Computers has the following obvious advantages:

Cost-effectiveness: It reduces the need for multiple independent devices, and reduces hardware and installation costs. The low power consumption and small size of ARMxy Embedded Computers make AGV control more compact.

Hardware integration: ARMxy Embedded Computers integrate functions such as PLC, IO modules and network communication, reducing the need for additional hardware.

Low maintenance cost: ARMxy Embedded Computers have low power consumption, small size, and highly integrated design, which simplifies the maintenance process of the system and reduces maintenance costs.

Flexibility: The highly integrated ARMxy Embedded Computers makes it easier for the system to adapt to changes in the production line.

Rich interfaces: RS485/RS232, Ethernet, CAN, RS485/RS232, GPIO, DI/DO/AI/AO, etc. are optional. They can be freely combined without customization. They can easily connect various sensors, actuators and other devices.

Quick response: It can adapt to changes in production plans more quickly and improve the flexibility of the production line.

Remote management: It supports remote monitoring and management, reducing the need for on-site intervention.

Intelligent features: With the support of integrated AI functions, more complex and efficient path planning and task scheduling can be achieved.

Machine learning algorithm: Optimize path planning through machine learning algorithms to improve work efficiency and accuracy.

Data analysis: Analyze the collected data to continuously improve the performance of the AGV system.

Real-time communication: The application of wireless communication technology enables AGV to achieve real-time data exchange with external systems.

Data synchronization: It can synchronize the working status and performance indicators of AGV in real time, which is convenient for scheduling and maintenance.

Remote access: Support remote access and control, which improves the accessibility and availability of the system.

More information about ARMxy Embedded Computers: https://www.bliiot.com/industrial-computer-p00464p1.html

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softrobotcritics · 2 years ago

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Magnetoactive liquid-solid phase transitional matter

https://www.cell.com/matter/fulltext/S2590-2385(22)00693-2#articleInformation

Magnetically actuated miniature machines can perform multimodal locomotion and programmable deformations. However, they are either solid magnetic elastomers with limited morphological adaptability or liquid material systems with low mechanical strength.

Here, we report magnetoactive phase transitional matter (MPTM) composed of magnetic neodymium-iron-boron microparticles embedded in liquid metal. MPTMs can reversibly switch between solid and liquid phase by heating with alternating magnetic field or through ambient cooling.

In this way, they uniquely combine high mechanical strength (strength, 21.2 MPa; stiffness, 1.98 GPa), high load capacity (able to bear 30 kg), and fast locomotion speed (>1.5 m/s) in the solid phase with excellent morphological adaptability (elongation, splitting, and merging) in the liquid phase. We demonstrate the unique capabilities of MPTMs by showing their dynamic shape reconfigurability by realizing smart soldering machines and universal screws for smart assembly and machines for foreign body removal and drug delivery in a model stomach.

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Article info

Publication history

Published: January 25, 2023

Accepted: December 5, 2022

Received in revised form: October 28, 2022

Received: August 18, 2022

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melssblog · 3 months ago

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Smart Factory Mistake-Proofing

Does your factory produce defect-free products?

Mistake Proofing:- To err may be human, but production mistakes are unacceptable in any industry. Efforts should be made to produce only defect-free products, towards this end, tools need to be used to eliminate errors or to rectify the errors quickly before the product reaches a customer.

Mistake Proofing or Poka Yoke is the most commonly deployed practice. One of how mistake-proofing achieves its goal is by creating tools which ease human operations at each error-causing possibility, including tools for automation.

Mistake Proofing needs to be applied at various stages to create defect-free products. Here are the different layers where your Mistake-proofing initiatives need to be applied to ensure the production of defect-free products.

1. Operational layer

The Operational Layer involves physical tools closest to the operator. This includes measuring instruments such as smart cameras, torque controllers, actuators, and sensors. These measure one device at a time and are designed by quality engineers or manufacturing engineers.

Operators need to be trained in using these devices. It involves parts identified by barcodes and RFID, the use of limit switches, mistake-proofing jigs, counters, timers, relays, dividers, blocks, automation and other tools which are useful to the operator in detecting and preventing errors, causing stoppage of line with control and warning codes for quick action by the operator. The activities at this level happen in silos and cannot be communicated to other levels.

2. Process layer

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) are the tools used to monitor the sequence of tasks. Although they are easy to program, these are rigid interfacing devices involving multiple layers of programming and are often created with little understanding of human experience at the ground level. These are created by control engineers with little expertise in manufacturing.

3. Progress layer

The Progress Layer is software-based and involves the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) which specifies audits and has access to all devices and layers. It can integrate with all systems but is not agile. Any change that needs to be carried out is complex. It is created by the IT engineers and needs synchronisation with operator-level work.

4. Business layer

At the Business Layer, the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is involved which monitors the supply chain, inventory and human resources. It communicates with the MES and directs it on what to build. This is created by IT and Finance professionals.

5. Adaptive layer

The Adaptive Layer has access to all devices and layers, helping detect anomalies within manufacturing and enforcing action to reduce downtime and reduce time to build devices. It needs vast amounts of data and data models to make quick decisions. It is slowly finding relevance as it gives a clear advantage to those using it.

MELSS has been providing holistic solutions to industries which help in improving metrics by using mistake-proofing techniques. Synchronising well with traceability tools such as barcode and RFID, our Recipe Management System ensures the correct parts are used by the operators in the right sequence. Our PLC and SCADA systems are being used by many industries and our data loggers help in generating useful information. Our MES software is robust, integrating easily with the other mistake-proofing tools. For more: industrial automation and robotics

#industrialautomationandrobotics #melss

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