#khanda for car

[onlinesikhstore]

Gold plated khanda punjabi sikh singh kaur beads pendant for car rear mirror ss4

Gold Plated Khanda Punjabi Sikh Singh Kaur beads Pendant for Car Rear Mirror - Brilliant Finish

Design Ref: SS4

Pendant Size approx. 6cm x 6cm

Beads Mala is not stretchable. One item per sale unless you add more quantity. Photos are for guidance and information only.

We can swap Khanda with Stainless Steel/Silver Khanda if someone is interested. Please either write in order notes or message us.

Please note colour of beads may slightly vary due to light/flash conditions and subject to availability in stock.

Any questions please do not hesitate to contact us.

Country/Region of Manufacture: IndiaStyle: Necklace & PendantMaterial: SteelTheme: ReligiousMain Colour: GoldMain Stone: UnknownPendant Shape: KhandaBrand: OnlineSikhStoreMetal: SteelMain Stone Shape: None

[onedaytripin]

Gangtok To Lachung One Day Trip By Private Cab

If you are looking for a memorable and adventurous trip in Sikkim, then you should not miss the opportunity to visit Lachung, a picturesque village in the North Sikkim district. Gangtok to Lachung one day trip by private cab is best way to Explore Lachun valley. Lachung is a popular destination for tourists who want to experience the natural beauty, culture, and history of Sikkim. You can reach…

[anytimecargo]

Packers and Movers Khanda colony

Anytime Cargo Packers and Movers Khanda colony as the best packers and movers in Mumbai, we are also providing the best vehicle transportation services to our customers. We will help you to easily transport your car, bike, etc along with other items to the desired places.

[wowadoraa]

Transform Your Car Interior with Adoraa's Car Dashboard Accessories

Adoraa.in is the perfect online store to add some charm to your car's interior with their incredible range of Car Dashboard Accessories. Not only do these products add a stylish flair to your vehicle, but they are also a great way to express your unique personality and make your car feel more like home.

The versatility of Adoraa's Car Dashboard Accessories is a significant advantage. From every religious symbols to lucky charms and even adorable symbols like floral designs, there's something for everyone. These products can match your personal style or make the perfect gift for your car-enthusiast friends and family members.

One of the best things about Adoraa's Car Dashboard Accessories is their easy installation. The strong adhesive allows the decor to stick securely to your car's dashboard without causing any damage or leaving any residue. This feature makes it incredibly easy to switch up your decor whenever you please, without any messy or tedious removal process and one of the advantages of Adoraa's Car Dashboard Accessories is their affordability. With a wide range of products available at competitive prices, you can easily add a touch of style and personality to your car without breaking the bank.

The variety of our products include:

Jai Hanuman Car Dashboard Accessories, Allah Car Dashboard Accessories , Krishna Car Dashboard Accessories, IK ONKAR Car Dashboard Accessories, Khanda Car Dashboard Accessories, Tree of Life Car Dashboard Accessories, Ganesha Car Dashboard Accessories, Durga Car Dashboard Accessories and many more

In conclusion, Adoraa's Car Dashboard Accessories are the ultimate solution to add a touch of personality and style to your vehicle. With their diverse range of designs and easy installation, these products are a great way to spruce up your car's interior, impress your passengers, and make every drive an enjoyable one.

Grab yours at Adoraa.in

or find our products at

[pawartravelscabservicesinpune]

5 SUPER SUMMER TRAVEL TRIPS

Best places to travel during summer

1. Panchgani:

            Another picnic location worth visiting on the route to Mahabaleshwar in Panchgani. In the summer, Panchgani, situated at the foot of five hills, is the ideal one-day picnic location near Pune. It is surrounded by a   huge volcanic plateau that rises 4242 feet above sea level.

How to go there:

           Panchgani is accessible by road, train, and air from all major cities, including Pune. You can travel 100 kilometers from Pune to Panchgani in 3 hours by road. Pawar Travels cab services provide you to book a cab up to 4-5 days in advance.

2. Satara:

            Satara, a unique picnic location in Pune, is nestled in the Sahyadri mountain range's foothills. It was originally the capital of the Maratha Empire and is now known for its extensive historical significance. Satara shows a diverse range of landscapes shaped by climate, relief, and vegetation.

How to Go There:

             From Pune, drive through the hills for 2 hours and 30 minutes to reach Satara's picnic location. The distance between Pune and this location is 112 kilometers.

 3.Lonavala and Khandala:

                          These are some of the most popular one-day picnic spots near Pune in the summer. Because they are only 5 kilometers apart, both places are frequently visited together. Both areas are well known among visitors for their numerous outdoor activities and are great for visiting with family and friends.

How to go there:

              Lonavala is 65 kilometers from Pune, while Khandala is 5 kilometers from Lonavala. It will take around 1 hour 30 minutes to go from Pune to Lonavala, and then ten minutes to travel from Lonavala to Khanda

 4. Mahabaleshwar:

       Mahabaleshwar is a picturesque hill station in Maharashtra's the Western Ghats. It features evergreen trees as well as a lovely plateau surrounded by hills. Wilson Point is a well-known picnic location in Pune, recognized for having the highest sunrise point in the city (4710 feet).

    How to go there:   It's around 120 kilometers from Pune. You can take a direct bus from Pune to Mahabaleshwar cab , which would take 3 hours and 30 minutes (about).

5. Karjat:

          Karjat is one of the best destinations to visit near Pune in the summer, especially if you want to experience some adrenaline by going river rafting. Those who wish to spend their days relaxing in the lap of nature might plan a picnic in Karjat. How to go there: How to go there: It's around 103 kilometers from Pune. You can take a rental car from Pune to karjat

[ekdantadevelopers1]

1 BHK || 2 BHK || flats in Panvel

The available flats in Panvel are on the first floor second floor and third The flats are spacious and have a lot of light as they come with large windows They also have balconies that can be used to keep things like plants or to do some outdoor activities The price for these apartments depends upon the area where you want to buy it from the size of the area and how many rooms does it consist off If you are interested in buying one of these apartments then you should contact a realtor or agent who will help you find an appropriate apartment for your budget in a good locality within your preferred budget range.

There are many 1 BHK flats in Panvel where you can find new construction going on The prices of these flats range from Rs 14 to 20 Lacs Though the area is not that good but as the time passes this area will be developed as a prime location with lots of amenities coming up nearby One of the biggest advantages is that it is connected to all parts of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai and also has a good connectivity to NH4 which makes travelling very easy for its residents  The project attracts people who are looking for affordable homes near Panvel Many builders now are planning to come up with their residential projects at Khanda Colony so one should get ready for an increased demand of properties.

2 BHK flats for sale in Panvel Navi Mumbai These are 2.5 BHK flats with 1 car parking and 1 servant room They are on the 8th floor of 12-storey building which is a new project by one of the reputed builders named Arkam Estates located at Kharghar Street Address:- Vaishnavi Nagar Near Cidco Collage Kharghar Navi Mumbai Price Per sq ft:- Rs 2475/- Total Floo r Area:- 2900 Sq Ft Bed Room - 3 Bed Room + Servant Room + Car Parking + Balcony  : 1048 Sq Ft ( Actual ) / 1423 Sq.

Navi mumbai is the biggest city in india and its population was 21 million as per 2010. navi mumbai is also known as new mumbai and it has been planned to be a global city it is located in the western suburbs of mumbai on the mainland Navi Mumbai online

Read More:- Luxury Apartments in Panvel || Flats in Panvel || 1 BHK || 2 BHK || flats in Panvel 

Contact Number:- (+91) 9324823394 

Email Id:- eakadanta.realtors@gmail.com 

Address:- Eakadanta Sankul, Survey No.27, Hissa No.2, 27/2, Village Kondale, Tal.:Panvel, Dist.: Raigad, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra-410206

[indecentpause]

proficient definition: 

well advanced in an art, occupation, or branch of knowledge

“All right, break!” one of Annaisha’s housemates called -- Hitesh, Khanda thought? there were so many he had a hard time remembering. He put down his cards and headed into the kitchen, and everyone else stood up and began milling about, stretching arms and legs after leaning over the table playing games for so long. Annaisha stretched her legs under the table and wiggled a little in her seat, but didn’t stand, so Khanda stayed beside her.

Usually crowds didn’t bother him at all, but this was different. This was Annaisha’s space, with her friends, and, yes, Khanda was her friend too, but... it was different. So while everyone was friendly and he was friendly with everyone else, he’d decided to stick near her until he at least learned everyone’s names.

He took a sip of the until then ignored wine sitting beside his cards. His eyebrows shot up and he turned toward Annaisha.

“You made this, you said?”

Annaisha grinned. “I did!”

“It’s delicious! I’d never expect homebrewed wine to taste so good. Not that I doubted you, of course,” Khanda hastened to add, gently nudging his shoulder against Annaisha’s. Annaisha nudged back and leaned her weight a little more on his arm. Khanda pretended not to notice.

“I brewed it in a car engine,” she continued. “One of our old housemates taught me before she moved back to Hongnan.”

“It was clean, I hope?” Khanda teased.

“Yes, it was clean!” Annaisha laughed. “We keep it just for that. It’s the only way I know how to do it.”

“Really?” Now Khanda couldn’t help but laugh. Annaisha never ceased to surprise him. She really was so smart, but it wasn’t just books, it was practical application of things, too.

Annaisha put her glass down and propped her hands on her hips. “Yes, really! Can you do it?”

“No,” Khanda admitted. “But I’d love it if you could teach me.”

Three Wishes: board / blog / my tag || Sheraton Academy || ebooks || WIP || Ao3 (original work)

[shivam11110000]

FARMER STICKER Pack Of 3 | NO FARMER NO FOOD & KHANDA | Design Kissan Sticker For Car & Home

FARMER STICKER Pack Of 3 | NO FARMER NO FOOD & KHANDA | Design Kissan Sticker For Car & Home

Price: (as of – Details) vinyl wall stickert for home walls doors and car

[mycarbazzar]

Sikh Religious Khanda Stone Studded For Car Dashboard |Showpiece - 6 Cm (Gold Plated, Red)

The Small Khanda with its , studded with Gold & sparkling colour. A handy gift that can be used in cars,tables,home temples and return gifts and as a decorative, it blesses the receiver with happiness and prosperity. A beautiful piece for your car dashboard

[shithole-world]

माटू हमरू, पाणी हमरू, हमरा ही छन यी बौण भी… पितरों न लगाई बौण, हमुनही त बचौण भी। (Soil ours, water ours, ours are these forests. Our forefathers raised them, it’s we who must protect them —Old Chipko Song )

The state of Uttarakhand, earlier referred to as Uttaranchal, is located in the northern part of India. Often called as the Land of Gods – Dev Bhumi owing to the innumerable  temples and teerth or pilgrimage sites found throughout the state. The famous Char Dham (Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri), considered to be the among the holiest sites in India, are in Uttarakhand. Besides the religious significance of the state, Uttarakhand is also well known for its natural beauty that comprises of snow capped mountains, both low and high altitude lakes and associated wetlands, bugiyals or high altitude meadows, and dense forests that are a home to many exotic and diverse flora and fauna.

The beautiful forests of Binsar in Uttarakhand (Almora)

Beautiful view of snow peaks from Lansdowne in Uttarakhand (Pauri)

The name Uttarakhand has originated from two Sanskrit words: uttara (उत्तर) meaning north, and khaṇḍa (खण्ड) meaning land. The name is mentioned in many of the  early Hindu texts, wherein it referred to the area of Kedarkhand (modern Garhwal) and Manaskhand (modern Kumaon). In ancient India, Uttarakhand was used to denote the central stretch of the Himalayas.

“The land north of Gangadwar is known to the wise as Paradise Ground. Apart from this land, the rest is called Earth elsewhere”― Kedarkhand Skanda Purana.

The state of Uttarakhand was formed on 9th November 2000, by carving out the Himalayan and some adjoining districts in the foothills of Uttar Pradesh, and was made into the 27th state of the Republic of India. It shares borders with the state of Himachal Pradesh to the north west, Tibet Autonomous Region (of China) on the north, Nepal on the east, and the state of UP in the south, while doing a touch and go with Haryana in the west (the Hathni Kund Barrage area from where the Yamuna waters are diverted to Haryana). Uttarakhand is the birth place of four large river systems: the Ganga, Yamuna, Ramganga, and Sharda. The state has two divisions: Garhwal and Kumaon with a total of 13 districts.

Divisions Districts Kumaon Division Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, Udham Singh Nagar Garhwal Division Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar, Pauri  Rudraprayag, Tehri, Uttarkashi

Naukuchiatal in the Nainital district of Kumaon

The entire hill state of  Uttarakhand had remained culturally and socially united right from the ancient times, and the two tracts Kedarkhand (now Garhwal) and  Kurmachal (now Kumaon) were mere geographical divisions. Kedarkhand was named after Kedarnath, and Kurmachal named after Kurmavana. The two regions were not culturally or politically divided and remained so even under the Katyuri dynasty that ruled from 800-1100 CE. It was only during the 12th century CE that two political divisions appeared, because at that time the Chand dynasty took control of the area now known as  Kumaon, while the Rajas of Garhwal controlled the region of Garhwal. Despite the two different dynasties, the region remained united in cultural and social contexts.

Thus, it can be said that in the ancient times the entire region (as we find mentioned in the epics and Puranas) had stretched from the river Kali as the border in the east, and Tons river as the border in the  west, Niti pass in the north, and Thakurdwara of the present Moradabad district in the south. For many years the people of this region enjoyed a homogeneity, in the context of social, cultural, and political lives of the common people. It was only the administrative units created in the 20th century that brought in the divisions and further changes. 

My focus here will be on the Kumaon division of Uttarakhand. 

    Looking at Kumaon from a Geographical Perspective

Geographically Kumaon is located in a north west corner of North India, and its is well demarcated from its neighbouring states and countries by mountain and rivers. In the north it is separated from the autonomous region of Tibet by the snowy peaks of the Himalaya, in the east river Kali separates it from Nepal, and in the south the Himalayan foothills separate it from the plains of UP.

View of the Panchachulli from Munsiyari in Kumaon

The Kumaon division rises sharply from the sub Siwalik (foothills) strip of land to the high snowy peaks with glaciers. The outer ranges of the Himalaya, a part of which is known as Gagar ranges, rises quickly from submontane tracts to 7000-8000 ft, where many of the famous hill stations, such as, Mussorie, Nainital, Almora, Lansdowne, etc., are situated. This part is especially beautiful with its densely forested parts; and when standing at the tops of peaks that often reach more than 8000 ft, the view is spectacular with plains visible on the southern side, and the endless waves of  entangled northern ridges on the other side that is bordered in the horizon by beautiful snow peaks of the central axis of the Himalaya. The outer ranges of the Himalaya hold some beautiful low altitude Himalayan lakes, such as, Nainital, Bhimtal, Sattal, Naukuchiatal, Malwa tal, and Khurpa tal. It is believed that most of these low altitude lakes were formed by tectonic movements that blocked rivers during the Holocene period.

Almora town

Spectacular views from the Gagar ranges (Nainital): endless waves of  entangled northern ridges bordered by  snowy peaks of the central axis of the Himalaya in the horizon. (photo courtesy: Atanu Dey)

Nainital. A low altitude Himalayan lake in the outer ranges (Gagar ranges). (photo courtesy: Atanu Dey)

Khurpa tal. Another low altitude Himalayan lake in the outer ranges (Gagar ranges) near Nainital. (photo courtesy: Atanu Dey)

Bhim tal. Another low altitude Himalayan lake in the outer ranges (Gagar ranges) near Nainital. 

The Bhabar, a strip of land with gently sloping mass that contains mainly riverine debris (coarse gravels), is just below the hilly tract. It is here that the mountain streams descending from the outer ranges and Siwalik hills lose their flow amidst strewn boulders, and re-appear only during the monsoons. It is forested (sal), with many of the forests now having given way to cultivated areas. The rest of the foothills are known as Tarai grassland region, which is primarily moist plain land with the Tarai springs that keep the area perennially hydrated and fertile. Tarai vegetation is characterised by  tracts of clayey swamp (Gangetic alluvium),  tall grasslands, deciduous forests,  and scrub savannah. The three main rivers in Kumaon division are the Kosi, Gola, and Nandhaur. The Kosi river (or Kaushiki, as named in Skandapurana) starts from Dharapani in Almora district, while the Gola and Nandhaur arise from somewhere in the southern slopes of the outer hills. All the three rivers, and other smaller streams in the Bhabar and Tarai areas all drain into the Ramganga. The other major river on the Nepal-Kumaon border is the Sharda river (also known as the  Kali Ganga or Maha Kali) that descends from the Kalapani territory, and joins the Ghaghra/Karnali river in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Kosi River, Jim Corbett National Park, Ramnagar- Almora district (Photo from Wikipedia)

Sharda or Mahakali River near Jauljibi in Pithoragarh district of Kumaon (photo source: Wikipedia

The lower sub-Himalayan ranges show Upper Tertiary era deposits of Nahan sandstone, while the higher ranges are made of older slate, quartzite, dark dolomite or limestone, and other schistose and granite rocks. Owing to the heavy rainfalls experienced in these areas the steep slopes often give way to massive landslides.  Kumaon, which is situated on the southern slope of the Himalayan range, show great variations in climate and vegetation that change drastically with changes in elevation, ranging from glaciers at its highest elevations, to subtropical forests at the lower elevations, to grasslands at the flat lands on foothills. While travelling in car these changes are clearly visible, as one moves from the lowlands of Terai that show mostly grasslands, and Bhabar with its remaining pockets of sal forests; to the higher hills that are filled with coniferous and broad-leaf forests, alpine shrubs, and meadows; and finally to the snowy peaks of the Upper Himalaya. 

Sunrise from behind the snowy peaks of the Panchachulli range, Kumaon

Origin of the name Kumaon

A look at the history of this area shows that the  SkandaPurana (Manash Khanda) refers to this part as Kurmavana or Kumaravana; and it is believed that the word Kumaon is a corruption of the original Puranic term. According to folklore, Vishnu had reincarnated here in Kumaun (near Lohaghat) as Kurma (his second incarnation), to support the Mandar mountain during samudramanthan.

Kurma Avatar of Vishnu, below Mount Mandara, with Vasuki wrapped around the mountain, during Samudra Manthan. ca 1870. (Photo from Wikipedia)

Kurmavatara of Lord Vishnu at Narayana Tirumala (Photo from Wikipedia). Kurma in the Vedic texts symbolises the importance of basic principles and the support necessary for any long term creative activity. In  Shatapatha Brahmana (6.1.1 and 7.5.1) Kurma’s shape represents the hemispherical shape (assumed) of the earth, and it is for this reason kurma shape is one among the Vedic fire altar designs. 

According to Kumaoni folklore, Vishnu in his kurma avataar stood here for three years on the Kurma-mountain (Kandadeva or Kandeva), which is on the east of the river Champavat, and marks of the tortoise’s feet still remain as imprints.  It is for this reason that the region came to be known as Kurma + achal or Kurmachal, which got morphed into Kumu, and later to Kumaon. Initially only the areas around river Champavat were known as Kumaon, but later the whole pargana of Kali Kumaon that comprised of villages along the Kali river came to be known as Kumaon. Later during the reign of Chand dynasty, the entire region, which included the districts of Nainital and Almora, was renamed as Kurmachal or Kumaun. During British rule the Dehradun district also was included in Kumaun. 

It was the Chand dynasty rulers who made the term Kurmachal or Kumaon widely popular in this hill state, and prior to their reign there are no mentions of Kurmachal or Kumaon in any of the inscriptions found. The Chands used Kurmachal in all their records. Under their rule that lasted from 11th c. CE to 1815 CE, there were three administrative divisions in Kurmachal:

(i) Kali Kumaun, (ii) Almora, and (iii) Tarai Bhawar or Mal. 

Interestingly, while most believe that the term Kurmachal was derived from Kurma, Thakur Jodh Singh Negi in his Himalayan Bhraman had opined that as the people of Kumaon were expert farmers and also quite wealthy, so this region came to be known as Kumaon, derived from the local dialect kumuno, which means a cultivated land. He further theorised that the region Kali Kumaon was named not after the river Kali but after Kalu Tadagi who had once ruled the area, and owing to the presence of thick black bushes of fir and banjha, the adjective ‘Kali’ got added to it. While these theories may provide some interesting viewpoints, they are certainly not based on any historical evidences. Linguistically too, Kumaon as a derivation from Kurmachal appears more logical. 

Currently Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar form the Kumaun division; however, linguistically Kumaon can be further sub divided. Thus, we find that Kali (or Central) Kumaoni dialect is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital, while North-eastern Kumaoni dialect is used in Pithoragarh. South-eastern Kumaoni is spoken in South-eastern Nainital, and Western Kumaoni is spoken west of Almora and Nainital.

While originally the people of Kali Kumaoni were the only  Kumaonis, with the Nainital and Almora people being later additions; yet the people from Gangoli and Chaugarkha that are parts of Kali Kumaon, are not termed as Kumaonis, but are called Gangolas and Chaugarikhiyas.

A Kumoani woman in full traditional attire and jewellery (photo from  KMVN – Binsar). The common daily wear is now of course a saree, for more practical reasons suitable for a working woman. 

Kumaon history

The archaeology based history of the region remained sketchy for quite some time owing to disjointed facts and sporadic records that were available until the 19th century CE.  In terms of literary history, the region finds many fleeting references in the epics and the Puranas. Mahabharata mentions this area frequently, especially where it talks of the Kiratas who lived near the sources of the Ganga and Yamuna. The Khasas or Khasias come next, who are found mentioned in the Mahabharata as living in the same areas as the Kiratas. Pliny mentioned Casiri, which many historians identify as the Khasias. Herodotus also mentioned of people living in this area as “Indians who lived in the city of Kaspatyrus.”  Ptolemy had written about a group of people living in this area, which  Cunningham studied extensively and identified them with the Kulindas of Mahabharata. The Yaudheyas (5th c. BCE – 4th c. CE), a military confederation, had also ruled this area at some point of time, as evident from the coins found. The Kalsi rock edicts of Ashoka (260 – 230 BCE), discovered by Alexander Cunningham in 1850, are important pieces of archaeological evidences that mention the people living in this region.

Edict No13 of Ashoka, Khalsi inscription, with the identification of Hellenistic kings Antiochos II, Ptolemy II, Antigonos II Gonatas, Magas of Cyrene and Alexander II of Epirus. these edicts were found in Khalsi in Dehradun district. (photo from Wikipedia)

The Kalsi inscriptions are now housed in this room and maintained by the ASI. (photo from the internet). Kalsi is a small town located between Chakrata and Dehradun near Dakpatthar on the banks of Yamuna. The inscriptions found here are important as these are the only Ashokan edicts found in the hill states of north India. The edicts are written in Pali. 

It is believed by D. R. Bhandarkar that the Khasas were the first to settle in the hilly tract of Uttarakhand, followed by the Gurjaras who came in after 6th c. CE and took over Sapadlaksha (the area around Shivalik ranges stretching from Hoshiyarpur -Punjab to Kumaon), and it is from here that the Gurjaras later moved down to what is now the state of Rajasthan.

ET Atkinson had done some extensive researches on the available cultural, social, and historical data of the area, and had recorded it in his pioneering work titled “Himalayan Districts of the North-Western provinces of India,” published in 1884. Later discoveries and studies of the various inscriptions such as the Jageswar inscriptions, Lakhamandal inscriptions, the two Talesvara Copper Plate, and Pandukesvar inscriptions have given some significant insights into the 6th-7th CE history of the area. There are many more such later period research works on this arena by Rahul Sankrityayan, H.K. Raturi, S.P. Dabral, and B.D. Pande.

Much later, extensive studies of fossil remains found from rocks in this region that date back to 18.3 to 0.6 million years BP have opened up a vista of the prehistoric era as had existed here. The fossil studies have revealed “a variety of Stresirhine Primate genera, Cercopithecoid genera, and Hominoid genera, the last one being of special interest to hominid ancestry. Significantly, Kalagarh Basin (District Pauri, Uttarakhand) has also witnessed Hominoid activities some 11 to 10 million years ago. These include Sivapithecus indicus and Ramapithecus punjabicus. These hominoids form important links in the evolution of hominids” (Archaeological Survey of India, Dehradun circle). Furthermore, the recent discoveries of “Palaeolithic era tools from Potwar (northern Pakistan) dated between 2.4 and 2.0 million years BP, and from Uttarbaini (Jammu and Kashmir, India) dated between 2.5n and 0-5 million years BP” have given rise to the theory that the  Himalayan region could have been the cradle of the earliest hominids of the world.

Recent archaeological studies of this region have given an insight into the different technological stages of human evolution ranging from the Stone to Copper, and Iron Ages (pre-and protohistoric periods). Meanwhile the historical studies from different numismatic, literary, and epigraphical evidences, give us the names of some of the important dynasties that have ruled this area. These include the Kunindas (2nd BCE to 4th c. CE); while in the 4th CE we find that the area was known as Karttripura kingdom, a vassal kingdom under the Guptas (as written in Samudra Gupta’s Parayaga Prasasti).

Silver coin of the Kuninda Kingdom, c. 1st century BCE.  (photo from Wikipedia)

From the Talesvara Copper Plate Inscriptions of Almora we find that this region was called Brahmapura in the 6th-7th c. CE, during the reign of the Paurava-Varmans. The name Brahmapura is found in the Vrihatsamhita, while Heiun Tsang also mentions it in his 7th c. CE travel book (he writes it as as Po-lo-hi-mo-pu-lo, that in Sanskrit translates to Brahmapura). The kingdom of Brahmapura declined by the end of 8th c. CE, and next came the Katyuris, who ruled from 9th -12th c. CE. From various inscriptions it is clear that some parts of this area came under the dominion of the Mallas of Nepal from 1191 CE to 1223 CE, and that effectively ended the Katyuri rule, though later inscriptions show that the Katyuris survived as petty rulers of smaller areas. After the Katyuris, eventually  from 11th century onward emerged the most powerful dynasty of Kumaon, the Chand dynasty, who kept control until 1815. The British conquered it in 1815 and took over the area, which remained with them until 1947.

Katarmal sun temple built by the Katyuris in 9th c.CE

Bineswara temple built by the Chand dynasty in 16th c. CE

Jageswara temple cluster. Built between 7th  to 12th CE, with renovations going up to 17th century under the Chand dynasty

  References

Pande, B. D. History of Kumaon: English version of “Kumaon ka itihas”. Almora, U.P., India: Shyam Prakashan: Shree Almora Book Depot, 1993.

Omacanda Hāṇḍā, History of Uttaranchal. Indus Publishing, 2002.

Kanti Prasad Nautiyal, The Archaeological of Kumaon, 1969.

Alexander Cunningham, Archaeological Survey Report, vol. II.

Bhandarkar, D. R. Gurjaras (Art.), J B B R S, Vol. XXI,1903. 

Hermann Goetz, Studies in the History and Arts of Kashmir and the Indian Himalayas, Weisbaden, 1969.

Archaeological Survey of India, Dehradun circle –https://www.asidehraduncircle.in/uttarakhand.html

  Kurmachal or Kumaun – The land of Vishnu माटू हमरू, पाणी हमरू, हमरा ही छन यी बौण भी... पितरों न लगाई बौण

[onlinesikhstore]

Punjabi Sikh Wooden Khanda Stunning Pendant Evil Protection Car HANGER AAA Gift

Punjabi Sikh Wooden Khanda Stunning Pendant Evil Protection Car HANGER AAA Gift - Brilliant Finish

Design AAA

These wooden pendants are thought to protection from evil eye and gives stunning look to car Rear Mirror. Colour of hanging thread may vary - subject to availability.

Hand Crafted wood.

Khanda Size 8.2cm x 8.2cm

Thickness is 4.5mm

Colour of Tassel/hanging thread may vary (Gold, Black or Brown) subject to availability.

Free Royal Economy Mail Postage in UK.

Postage discounts for multi-buys.

Any questions please do not hesitate to contact us.

Brand: OnlineSikhStore

Theme: Religious

Metal: Wood

Length (inches): 20 cm

Style: Necklace & Pendant

Material: Wood

Country/Region of Manufacture: India

Main Colour: Wood - Brown

EAN: 6440526845848

https://www.etsy.com/listing/895697608/punjabi-sikh-wooden-khanda-stunning

[3wishes-rpg]

Just a Little Unwell

I wrote up a response for the power swap prompt! Being able to generate chi blasts is all well and good, but Aoi’s aura sensing, that doesn’t sit well with Meg AT ALL. Luckily she has friends to help! Even if she grumps at them a lot. <3

The relieved look on Kavi’s face when Agni and Shahil walked into the Gearworks was the first indication that something was wrong. He waved them to the staircase leading to Meg and Nidhi’s rooms, murmuring, “Please try and talk some sense into her. She needs help.”

The second indication that something was wrong was when Nidhi answered the door, her face equally relieved. “Shahil!” she exclaimed, the worry clear in her voice, “I’m so glad you’re here. Meg’s locked herself in her room. She ran up from downstairs yesterday looking like she was going to throw up all over the place, and she’s barely come out. Like she came out to make dinner, but she took one look at me and ran back inside. I don’t know what’s wrong. She won’t let me in. I don’t know if she’s sick or upset or…is she pregnant?!? Oh, I don’t know if I could handle her being pregnant. If she’s going to be having morning sickness for the next several weeks and then there’s suddenly a baby--”

“Nidhi, calm down,” Shahil said, putting his hands on her shoulders. She blinked in surprise at the unexpected touch. “It’s gonna be okay. We’ll try to talk to her, and see what’s going on. She’s probably just not feeling well. You know how she gets.”

Agni dug out a few cirques and pressed them into her palm. “Here, you know where Meg’s favorite sweet shop is, right? Take this and buy some of her favorite barfi, and if talking doesn’t work, maybe we can lure her out with food.” He smiled reassuringly. “It works with cats, right? Besides, if nothing else, we could probably all use something sweet by the end of this.”

Nidhi shot him a skeptical look, but she nodded. “Alright, I’ll be back shortly.”

As she disappeared down the stairs, a pair of kitsune materialized. “One of you, please follow her and make sure she gets back okay,” Shahil said to them, “The other, guard the door and let me know if anyone comes up, okay?”

The two nodded. “It shall be done,” they said in unison, disappearing.

Agni gave him a fond smile. “You’re getting good at that.”

Shahil grinned in return, looking at the floor in embarrassment. “I dunno, they seem pretty agreeable. They’ve been really helpful, at least the ones that don’t talk in riddles.”

Agni took his hand, lacing their fingers together. “I’ll admit, as weird as it all is, there’s lots of good things about this.”

Shahil, in spite of their situation, couldn’t help but smile. The thought of being able to touch the people he cared about without mental blocks, was admittedly, a thrilling one. He rested his head on Agni’s shoulder for a moment. “Yeah, I know. But later, okay? Meg needs us. I’m worried about her. She’s probably been hit by the same thing we have, and she’s the only one missing. I’ve got a bad feeling about this.”

“Right,” Agni agreed, and they regarded the shut door to Meg’s room.

A horned beast appeared, floating beside the door as it inspected it carefully. “The lady of the threads has had her heart exposed,” he said, “another victim of the curse.”

Agni looked over at Shahil, his expression quizzical. “So, uh, do you get that at all?”

Shahil shook his head. “Not really. But at least it sounds like Meg hasn’t crawled out of the window.” He approached the door and knocked. “Meg? Are you in there? It’s me, Shahil. Agni’s here too.”

“Go away!” came the strangled cry from inside. It was definitely Meg’s voice, but weaker, ragged, like she was pulling on reserved energy to put the necessary force behind her normally commanding tone.

“We came to help,” Shahil persisted, “We sent Nidhi out on an errand, so it’s okay to talk. Something’s happened, to all of us. I’m guessing it got you too. Did your mark change?”

There was a frustrated, pained sound. “I just got the fucking time thing figured out, and now this shit? I swear if I ever meet that tiger… I can’t come out. I just…can’t.”

“Meg, it’s okay,” Agni added, putting a hand on the door, “We’re getting everyone together. Annaisha’s got all her books on deck. Khanda and Red are already at the library helping her sort through them. We’re going to figure this out, but we need you too.”

“No you don’t!” Meg replied, “Just…leave me alone. I can’t come out.”

Shahil and Agni exchanged glances. “Meg,” Shahil began, “We’re not leaving you. Everyone’s worried about you. Nidhi’s practically beside herself. Whatever’s happened, we’ll manage it, but we’re going to do it together. And if you don’t come out, we’ll…we’ll…break down the door!”

There was silence. “At the very least, we’re staying right here until you come out!” Agni added.

That was a threat Meg seemed to take more seriously. There was a pause, and then a muttered, “Oh for fuck’s sake…” followed by shuffling. A moment later, the door creaked open, revealing Meg. For a moment, Shahil and Agni were stunned into silence. Meg looked a bit of a fright, almost ragged, her normally warm brown complexion grown pale, her hair loose and stringy, and her stance held up only by virtue of the door frame. She looked like had been throwing up. The most striking feature, though, was the brilliant blue symbol glowing on her forehead. Heart.

“Well, that’s a new one,” Shahil commented.

She took one look at the two of them, and doubled over, covering her mouth with her hand as she fought back a wretch. “Fucking flying airships, you two are worse than Ni…shit, that is way too many colors.”

Shahil stepped forward, supporting her as she straightened up. She didn’t look at him. “Meg? What’s going on?”

“I don’t know,” she replied, keeping her breathing slow to try and keep what little remained in her stomach down. “It’s like suddenly everyone and everything have this sort of glow around them, and it’s really messing with my head. I can’t focus on anything for too long without wanting to spew my guts everywhere. Agni is like some sort of green and gold sparkle vortex, and you’re this weird swirl of blue and tan, and there’s a fucking light show around you, and then you both have this light green haze thing going on, and…damnit, I can’t take this. Everything is like this. It’s just one big mass of color and I can barely see through it. My head is pounding and I feel like I want to explode and I just want to die quietly in my room.”

“Come on, nobody’s dying,” Shahil said, pulling her into a gentle hug. She trembled as she rested her forehead in the crook of his shoulder, leaning against him. “Let’s get you to the library. I’m sure Annaisha’s got a mat you can lay down on, and we can give you something to cover your eyes so you can at least listen to what’s going on. I know you feel awful, but I think it’s important that we’re all there if we can manage it. Maybe Annaisha’s got something in her books that’ll help bring this under control. You’re not in this alone.”

“I don’t think I can’t make it,” Meg said, her voice surprisingly small, “There’s so many people out there, and they’ve all got these colors, all clashing and swirling, I don’t think I’ll be able to walk five feet without losing it.”

“We’ll help you,” Agni said, putting a hand on her shoulder and squeezing reassuringly, “You can keep your eyes closed and we’ll help you out. My car’s just outside. We’re not just gonna toss you to the sands after all, right?” He thought for a moment. “Here, turn my way, lemme try something.” He concentrated on his palm, the symbol on his back chilling as he focused, until a thin sheen of frost lay over his hand. He laid it on Meg’s forehead, the symbol’s blue light peeking through between his fingers. She winced at the cold and her eyes stayed closed, but after a moment the pained lines on her face relaxed. “How’s that?”

“Well, water dripping down my face aside, it helps.” She risked opening one eye to look at him. “That’s…that’s your hand, isn’t it? Fuck, we really are all screwed up, aren’t we?”

“At the very least, something’s gone all sideways, that’s for sure. Okay, looks like I’m on ice duty when we get to the library,” Agni said, smiling at her. “C’mon, let’s get you ready to travel. I’ll work on the frosty hands thing and see if I can keep the ice from melting.”

They found a couple of wide ribbons that belonged to Nidhi, and tied them around Meg’s head to hide the symbol. “I don’t know about this,” Meg said, wary, “This is gonna look awfully weird.”

“We won’t be outside for long. If it helps, if anyone asks, we can say you went on a wild drinking rampage and we’re getting you to the doctor for a hangover cure,” Agni suggested.

Meg opened her eyes to shoot him annoyed look, and immediately regretted it. She swayed, leaning forward to put her head between her legs to quell the nausea. “Gonna barf all over your seat for that,” she murmured.

Shahil couldn’t help keeping the amusement out of his voice. “C’mon, you two can spar more when we get to the library. The sooner we get there, the sooner you can lie down.” They got Meg into a standing position, Agni and Shahil each taking an arm.

She suddenly stiffened. “Wait! What about Nidhi?”

Shahil thought for a moment. “I’ll let Kavi know on our way out to tell Nidhi to go to my family’s place when she gets back. We’ll tell him we took you to get some help, which is the truth. Don’t worry, we’ll take care of it. You worry about you right now.”

Meg sighed, grimacing as they started on their way, her steps tentative and unsure without visual cues. “This fucking sucks,” she grumbled, “I feel like some frail old lady.”

“You’re not,” Shahil said, “We know you’re not. It’s only temporary. We’re gonna make sure of that.”

“I hope so,” Meg replied, hanging her head, “I hate being a burden.”

“C’mon Meg,” Agni added, “You’re always putting yourself out there to help us. Now we’re helping you. Lean on us, it’ll make it easier to balance.”

Slowly, they made their way out. Even with her eyes closed, she could tell when they reached the stairs, and tensed up.

“It’s okay,” Shahil said gently, “We’ll take it slow. We won’t let you fall.”

She paused for a moment, and then nodded, slowly, gripping them both like the lifelines they had become. “I know…I trust you.”

[hospitalmatoshree73-blog]

Multispecialty Hospital in kamothe with Modern Healthcare Facilities

With time many technological developments in medical science are catching the attention of people from all over the world. Almost every hospital now offer high end equipped health care facilities. Modernization has led to the facilities of multi-specialized in the hospital and medical institutes. In India, many multispecialty hospitals and medical centres have grown up in recent years.

They all are providing multiple diagnostics and treatments to patients from all over the world. Vellore and Mumbai offer the highest new treatment facilities to patients from all over the country. Hospitals nowadays are specialized with multiple categories of doctors with high-end operation theatre, a diagnostic centre offering endoscopy, ultrasound, x-ray, etc. with other high-end special surgeries. Thus multiple combination medical equipment with sound doctors offers the best of treatment facilities in these multi-specialized hospitals and medical institutes.

People come for treatment every year from many parts of India such as khanda colony, Kamothe and several parts of Mumbai. Delhi is also well known for cancer treatment. Bangalore is also doing well in setting up hospitals with modern and technological medical facilities. Thus every part India especially the developed cities are providing with the sound treatment facilities in India.

The infrastructure of hospitals is also good. In a single hospital department of different medical facilities along with diagnostics centre and medicine shops, everything is packaged in a hospital. These days the hospital also provides cord blood bank so one need not run for blood in other hospitals and blood banks for the blood of the right kind. Hospitals nowadays come with 24x7 ambulance facilities.

The wards for keeping patient also have sound air condition system with I.C.U facilities. Daily feeding of patients is also available. Availability of different doctors and surgeons for different problems are available throughout the day. The emergency team is also available for accidental cases. These were the basic structure of multi-specialized hospitals. Places like cafeteria, waiting room, car facilities and parking facilities are the initiatives available for the family of the patients.

Nowadays people from kalamboli, Panvel and khandeshwar are visiting the top hospitals in Mumbai for sound treatment. People generally have some tests to do then they go for surgeries or treatment medication. For that first, they get an appointment to a doctor in a hospital who is specialized in curing the above problems. Thus the doctor recommends surgeries or test if needed. So the hospitals highly specialized in surgery and diagnosis equipment are mostly the key attraction and relief feature for patients because they believe that the right treatment will be provided to them.

So let’s have a look at what are the top treatment facilities provided by these multi-specialized hospitals with modern healthcare facilities.

Gynaecologycentre

Health check-ups

Infertility

Vaccination

General and laparoscopic surgery.

Cardiac surgery

Sonography

Normal vaginal delivery

Delivery care

Endoscopy

Pathology

Laparoscopic hernia surgery

Cholecystectomy surgery

Hysterectomy surgery

Gynaecology cancer surgery

Minimally invasion surgery

Urinary tract treatment

So a huge variety of treatments are available in the multi-specialized hospital. These hospitals also provide basic facilities like:

24-hour nursing service

Paediatricians

Neonatology

High-risk pregnancy care

Thyroid

Diabetes etc.

Nowadays multi-facility hospitals are recruiting doctors from all over the world. Indian doctors having a foreign medical degree are being recruited by the hospital authority. These doctors are graded with multiple degrees in medical science and also educational qualify. Thus qualified doctors are of high demand. More than qualification what matters most is an experience. The doctors who are a public image among civilians own the goodwill and trust of people.  Thus patience prefers experienced and recommended doctors. Patience is a great source of income for these doctors. The recommendation is on a large scale is the treatment is done in a professional and proper remedial manner. Thus the hospital authorities recruit doctors who have skills along with experience.

Doctors should also be capable of running the high end and innovative medical equipment. So before recruiting a doctor the update acquaintance with the modern equipment along with skills and responsible is seen. Thus the hospital will lead you down by the service and treatment provided by the doctors in every hospital.

Hospital has some of the basic amenities which the patients should get. Apart from that, the basic infrastructure holds many operation cases.let's have a look at the basic infrastructural facilities the hospitals provide.

Well-equipped operation theatre

The operation theatres are designed in such a way that it helps the doctor and nurses to provide full concentration and focus on the patients who underwent the operation. Requisition of well-equipped facilities is also provided which save time for the doctor to perform the operation or surgery.

AC labour room

In mostly every hospital the labour room provides with centralized air condition. This helps patients to feel comfortable when in a lot of pain. The labour room is also equipped with basic delivery tools for the surgery.

24x7 consulting service

Hospitals nowadays have strong working receptionist and management team. They work 24x7 for the consultation of treatment. Unlike earlier times, nowadays the appointments and consultation are done through email, phone calls and messages. Emergency services are also available in hospitals. The reception works as the control or management room of the hospital.

Cord blood bank.

Hospitals nowadays have reserve cord blood banks. It provides great facilities for with the family members of patients.  They do not need to find or search for the blood sample in other hospitals and blood bank. This saves a lot of time for the patience to meet the proper timely treatment and thus positive results are always in the opinion. The interesting part is the departments and the blood banks are interconnected. Thus providing the blood when in need is a one step away from the process of surgeries and operations.

Matoshree multi-specialized hospital is one of the best Maternity hospital in panvel with modern healthcare facilities on the western coast of India. This hospital is situated in Mumbai with great facilities which are mentioned above.

[wowadoraa]

Reading is a wonderful pastime that allows us to explore new worlds, learn new things, and expand our horizons. But in order to fully enjoy reading, it's important to have the right accessories to enhance the reading experience.

The online marketplace Adoraa.in sells a variety of distinctive and fashionable brass bookmarks. These bookmarks charms are not only functional, but they also add a touch of elegance and sophistication to your reading experience.

Adoraa's brass bookmarks are eco-friendly. Unlike paper bookmarks, which are often discarded after one use, these metal bookmarks can be reused over and over again, reducing waste and promoting sustainability. Additionally, because they are made from a natural material like brass, they are biodegradable and do not harm the environment.

One of the key advantages of Adoraa's brass bookmark charms is their durability. Made from high-quality brass, these bookmarks are designed to last for years, even with regular use. They are also resistant to tarnishing and corrosion, ensuring that they remain looking shiny and new over time.

Another advantage of Adoraa's brass bookmarks is their versatility. They come in a variety of designs, including intricate patterns, religious symbols, and even quirky shapes such as Punjabi sikh IK Onkar symbol, Tree of life, Jai Shree Ram, Punjabi Sikh Khanda, Ornamental Taj, Floral Lotus, Lotus Ganesha, Gurunanak Devji, Jaali Buddha, etc. This means that you can choose a bookmark that reflects your personal style or interests, or even gift them to friends or family members who love to read.

Adoraa's brass bookmark charms also offer some functional benefits. They are thin and lightweight, making them easy to slip between pages without causing any damage to your book. They also feature a pointed end, which makes it easy to slide them into tight spaces, such as the spine of a book or a small gap between pages.

Overall, Adoraa's brass bookmarks are a great addition to any book lover's collection. With their durability, versatility, and functional benefits, they are a stylish and practical way to mark your place in a book. Whether you're an avid reader or looking for a thoughtful gift for a book-loving friend, Adoraa's brass bookmark charms are a great choice.

Get yours at Adoraa.in

Or shop at Amazon

[entertainmentforeveryone123]

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Race 3 trailer #salmankhan #khan #race #3 #salman #khana #racing #2 #beingsalmankhan #khanda #racecar #1 #salmankhanrules #bollywood #cars #4 #salmankhankijaiho #khanna #car #love #salmankhansmile #racetrack #5 #khans #motorsport #8 #salmaniacs #khant #raceday #likeforlike @bruceleetags (at Gurugram City)

[orissatourplanner-blog]

Puri Tour Package is Crafted to Make Your Tour Extremely Convenient, Enjoyable and Memorable!

Planning for a holiday tour without having the best tour package at your disposal is surely not considered as the right approach these days. The overall charm and enjoyment can vanish in no time once you are at your selected destination. Once you will find it tough to book the hotel or the car rental services for your tour, you may get overwhelmed. And arranging all these basic necessities for your tour on a short notice is really very tough. The same goes for those who are planning for their next tour to Puri.

Nestled at the eastern coastal region of Odisha, India, this city has always managed to attract both foreign and local tourists in great numbers. This place is really very special for Hindus. It’s a holy place and also known as Jagannath Puri or Jagannath Dham. It is one of the important dhamas for Hindus and also famous for the annual Ratha Yatra festival. If you are looking for an amazing tour to Puri, then the very first thing that you need to get is the best Puri Tour Package. Orissa Tour Planner can bring the best tour packages and can make your tour to Puri extremely enjoyable and memorable.

Such a tour package covers several destinations and not just one place like Jagannath Puri. However, the prime attraction of such tour packages always revolves around a free darshan of Lord Jagannath. As Odisha is known for its rich culture, heritage and amazing history, the Puri tour package is crafted in such a way that you can explore all these elements and can get back to your home with a lot of good memories. When you are taking such package, you are also allowed to explore the Golden Triangle of Odisha. Bhubaneswar – the temple city, Puri or Jagannath Puri and Konark – famous for Sun Temple comes together to form the Golden Triangle. Without exploring these places, a tour to Odisha seems to be not happening.

There are also some other notable places that you can visit when you have this type of Puri tour package. These places are Chilika, Dhauli Giri, Khanda Giri & Udayagiri Caves, Nandankanan – the Zoological Park, etc. Once you arrive at the Bhubaneswar airport or the train station, a cab will be there to pick you up for the hotel. After proper refreshment, you will be taken for a half day tour when you will be able to explore those amazing temples in this capital city of Odisha. Rajarani temple, Lingaraj temple, Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves, and Nandankanan; these are some notable places that you will be visiting on the first day of your tour.

On the second day, you will be picked up from the hotel and then you can explore Dhauli Giri, Pipili and Reghurajpur like places. On the second day you will be supplied with the breakfast in the morning. On the third day; after having your breakfast opt for the largest brackish-water lake of Asia which is named as Chilika. On the fourth day you will be visiting Puri Jagannath temple and the Sun Temple located at Konark. On day five, you can take a visit to Sakhigopal temple.