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اسالم
۲۹ شهریور ۱۴۰۱ - September 2022
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Statue d'une femme Algéroise portant ghlila et serwal mdawer et maharmet lafeul, les bijoux khite elrouh et khalkhal ardif , réalisée par sculpteur français Léon Alexandre Blanchot (1868_1947)
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Khalkhal, North Iran
#Khalkhal#Iran#Iranian#Middle East#Middle Eastern#Persia#Persian#travel#nature#landscape#scenery#flowers
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قالی هریس تبریز رنگ گیاهی - خرید از گالری فرش و تابلو فرش شکوری کارپت ...... شماره موبایل #سرتیپ_شکوری ۰۹۱۴۳۵۲۵۸۳۴ شماره موبایل #علیرضا_شکوری ۰۹۳۸۰۸۵۵۹۰۰ آدرس وبسایت #گالری_فرش_شکوری_کارپت: www shakouricarpet.ir آی دی اینستاگرام #گالری_فرش_شکوری: #shakouricarpet آی دی کانال تلگرام #گالری_فرش_شکوری_کارپت: #shakouricarpet آدرس فروشگاه شکوری کارپت برای خرید حضوری: #اردبیل #خلخال #خوجین #جاده_سنتو #خیابان_خلخال_به_اسالم نرسیده به سه راهی #طولش روبروی فروشگاه #توسن_یدک #shakouri_carpet #shakouri_rug #shakouri #farshe_shakouri #farsh_shakouri #khalkhal #tabriz #ardabil #قالی_دستبافت_تبریز #قالی_دستبافت_هریس_تبریز #خرید_قالی_دستبافت_تبربز #خرید_قالی_دستبافت_هریس_تبریز #هریس_تبریز #خرید_فرش_دستبافت_تبریز #خرید_تابلوفرش_دستبافت_تبریز #فرش_خلخال (در خلخال) https://www.instagram.com/p/CjmTx0Iouw6/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
#سرتیپ_شکوری#علیرضا_شکوری#گالری_فرش_شکوری_کارپت#گالری_فرش_شکوری#shakouricarpet#اردبیل#خلخال#خوجین#جاده_سنتو#خیابان_خلخال_به_اسالم#طولش#توسن_یدک#shakouri_carpet#shakouri_rug#shakouri#farshe_shakouri#farsh_shakouri#khalkhal#tabriz#ardabil#قالی_دستبافت_تبریز#قالی_دستبافت_هریس_تبریز#خرید_قالی_دستبافت_تبربز#خرید_قالی_دستبافت_هریس_تبریز#هریس_تبریز#خرید_فرش_دستبافت_تبریز#خرید_تابلوفرش_دستبافت_تبریز#فرش_خلخال
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#etsy#etsyseller#etsyshop#etsyhandmade#sieraad#sieraden#etsy jewelry#mujawharat#gioielleria#joyas#jewelry#takı#halhal#anklet#calcetín#cavigliera#khalkhal#bijoux
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پیمایش خلخال به آبشار ویسادار تاریخ اجرا :۶ الی ۷ شهریور مهلت ثبت نام : ۱ شهریور ۱۳۹۹ برگزارکننده : باشگاه کوهنوردی شکوه علم و صنعت شهر مبدا : تهران قیمت : ۵۰۰۰۰۰ تومان کسب اطلاعات بیشتر و ثبت نام: BERIMKOUH.COM . . #berimkouh #khalkhal #visadar #waterfall #jungle #tour #سامانه_بریم_کوه #بریم_کوه #تور #ویسادار #خلخال #تهران #اردبیل (at Khalkhal, Ardabīl, Iran) https://www.instagram.com/p/CD8aqAQg0MF/?igshid=1baz3o774yov5
#berimkouh#khalkhal#visadar#waterfall#jungle#tour#سامانه_بریم_کوه#بریم_کوه#تور#ویسادار#خلخال#تهران#اردبیل
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تور مجازی کاخ گلستان در این ایام به علت شیوع ویروس کرونا در خانه بمانید و از تورهای مجازی ما لذت ببرید #خلخال #خلخال_گشت #گردشکری_خلخال #khalkhal #khalkhalgasht (at خلخال گشت Khalkhalgasht) https://www.instagram.com/p/B-fYB2OhLxz/?igshid=mx5r35zzfm9h
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Ardabil Province, Khalkhal - Ardabil Rd, Iran
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Please share and help #Ardakan #Harsin #Abadeh #Malard #Abyek #Bijar #Pishva #Kangavar #BandareGenaveh #Borujen #ShahreBabak #Shush #Meybod #SarpoleZahab #Takab #Khalkhal #Oshnaviyeh #Khorramdarreh #Tabas #Falavarjan #IstgaheRahAhaneGarmsar #Rehnan #Neka #Babolsar #Azadshahr #Rudsar #Azna #Chabahar #Omidiyeh #news https://www.instagram.com/p/Bx-P0gAJFQT/?igshid=19a7afd7g5rqr
#ardakan#harsin#abadeh#malard#abyek#bijar#pishva#kangavar#bandaregenaveh#borujen#shahrebabak#shush#meybod#sarpolezahab#takab#khalkhal#oshnaviyeh#khorramdarreh#tabas#falavarjan#istgaherahahanegarmsar#rehnan#neka#babolsar#azadshahr#rudsar#azna#chabahar#omidiyeh#news
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: Spring 2018, The road leading to #Khalkhal , #Ardabil , Iran . . Photo by : Nana Bourghani @nanabourghani . بهار٩٧، جاده منتهی به خلخال. عکس از : نانا بورقانی #ایران #اردبیل #خلخال . #irancumentary . #everydayeverywhere #everydayiran #everydayworld #mustseeiran #tourist #travel #trip #society #iranissafe #iran #society #documentaryphotography #exploreiran #instagram #photography #gettyimages (at Khalkhal, Ardabīl, Iran) https://www.instagram.com/p/BtET_u_gAL_/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1kbi6feom4ayu
#khalkhal#ardabil#ایران#اردبیل#خلخال#irancumentary#everydayeverywhere#everydayiran#everydayworld#mustseeiran#tourist#travel#trip#society#iranissafe#iran#documentaryphotography#exploreiran#instagram#photography#gettyimages
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Native Lady from Umritsar: Outfit Details
By Horace Van Ruith (1880)
'Native Lady from Umritsar' is a late nineteenth century oil painting depicting a lady wearing very elaborate, embroidered garments. The artist, Horace Van Ruith (1839-1923) produced a documentary record of the jewellery and clothes of a lady from Amritsar, now in India, and part of the historic region of the Panjab. The painting is currently housed at the Victoria & Albert Museum, London.
The woman, who seems to be from a wealthy family judging by her extravagant attire, is wearing an outfit consisting of a kurta, two dupattas, a full ghagra, and churidar. It is likely that all of the main garments were made from silk cloth. Her outer, transparent shawl is decorated with buteh motifs along the transverse edges and isolated small, round motifs scattered over the ground. These are all worked in white.
Underneath this covering she is wearing another, green covering that is edged with a wide band in gold thread work (zari). She is also wearing a red kurta edged along the hems with zari work. Her full, blue silk ghagra also has a deep band in zari and gotapatti work. Finally, her curled tip mojaris (mules) were embroidered with metal thread embroidery.
In addition to all of her decorative clothing, she is wearing a full set of head, ear, nose, neck, arm, hand, ankle and foot jewellery.
She is exquisitely decked in precious metal ornaments from head to toe. Starting from the top, she is wearing a dauni (a mathapatti with two strands) which adds extra reinforcement and allows for heavier pendants, which in this case is a chand tikka. On the side of her head is another chand tikka, known as chand bina. On her ears she is wearing baalis supported by kanautis.
She is wearing a kokka on the right side of her nose, and an elaborate nath with a latkan on the left side.
On her neck she is wearing a galpatta, a champakali, and a matar mala.
Her hands are adorned with a hathphool or kari panjangla, several rings including an arsi (mirrored ring) with a kangan and multiple chooris on each side, and a bajuband (armlet) on her arm.
She can be seen wearing pahzeb which are made of silver and are supposed to clink when the wearer walks, as well as a khalkhal or kharian-apir which is like a kara, but for the ankles. She is also wearing bichiya or toe rings in a set of five.
#punjab#panjabi#punjabi history#indian clothing#desi academia#indian academia#desi dark academia#desi light academia#desi aesthetic#indian aesthetic#indian painting#indian fashion#indian attire#indian jewelry#ethnic clothing#traditional clothing#jewelry#royal jewels#historical costuming#historical clothing#fashion history#indian history#indian women#india#desi moodboard#indian literature#desiblr#desi fashion
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Asalem-khalkhal road/ Ardebil/ Iran
Photographer: pouya bazargard
#iran#middleeast#middle east#iranian#persian#persia#farsi#nature#iran nature#art#violet#green#mountain#mountains#flowers#spring#culture#iran culture#travel
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Mirza Koutchak Khan
Révolutionnaire Iranien (1880-1921)
Mirza Koutchak Khan (en persan : ميرزا كوچك خان / Mirzâ Kučak Xân, aussi transcrit Koutchek, Kutchak, Kutchek, Kuchak), né le 12 octobre 1880 à Racht et mort le 2 décembre 1921 à Ardabil, est un héros national de l'histoire moderne perse. Le fondateur d'un mouvement révolutionnaire basé dans les forêts du Guilan au nord de l'Iran qui est connu sous le nom de mouvement Djangal (« forêt »). Ce soulèvement a commencé en 1914 et est resté actif contre les ennemis internes et étrangers jusqu'en 1921 quand le mouvement fut vaincu.
Jeunesse :
Koutchak Khan est né sous le prénom de Younès dans la ville de Racht au nord de l'Iran en 1880. Fils d'un mourza bozorg (signifiant « grand prince » en persan), il fut surnommé mourza kutchak (signifiant « petit prince »). Il étudie la théologie (c'était quasiment la seule éducation formelle à l'époque) afin de devenir membre du clergé à Jame Racht puis dans les écoles Mahmoudiyeh à Téhéran. À la veille de la révolution constitutionnelle de l'Iran, il abandonne ses études pour suivre le mouvement, comme le reste de l'intelligentsia et des gens ordinaires qui s'impliquaient alors beaucoup en politique. Finalement, dans un décret impérial du Chah de Perse, Mozaffar al-Din Chah donne son accord à l'établissement d'une monarchie constitutionnelle en août 1906.
Cependant, la société féodale qui dirigeait le pays à l'époque n'était pas prête à abandonner ses privilèges et à respecter le parlement nouvellement élu. En juin 1908, le parlement fut fermé...
Mouvement Jangal :
Malheureusement, étant donné le manque d'expérience de penseurs et d'activistes de l'époque d'une part et la force des représentants de l'autocratie à l'époque, les mêmes classes privilégiées et leurs représentants politiques ont pris le pouvoir dans le nouveau régime. Les combattants pour la liberté n'étaient pas satisfaits et furent désarmés. Pendant de temps-là, les manipulations politiques internes et externes du pays par la Russie tsariste et la Grande-Bretagne ont augmenté les souffrances du peuple et causé des troubles sociaux.
La cause qu'il défendait était un mélange de celle de la bourgeoisie nationale nouvellement formée ainsi que des mouvements paysans, ce qui lui permit de gagner un fort soutien juste après le lancement du mouvement. Les forces Jangal (appelées localement Jangalis, c’est-à-dire « les gens de la forêt » en persan) ont battu les forces gouvernementales locales et russes, ce qui a augmenté leur prestige et leur réputation de sauveur potentiel des idées de la révolution constitutionnelle.
Le 12 juin 1918 eut lieu à Manjil une bataille entre les troupes Jangali et une force conjointe britannique et russe (forces blanches). Cette dernière (commandée par le général Lionel Dunsterville et le colonel Lazare Bichérakhov) bien qu'essayant officiellement juste d'organiser le retour de soldats russes sur leur territoire d'origine, était en réalité en train de planifier un passage par Manjil afin de rejoindre la mer Caspienne pour atteindre Bakou et combattre la commune de Bakou (menée par Stepan Chahoumian). Les troupes de Mirza Koutchak Khan ont été battues lors de cette guerre à cause de l'utilisation d'artillerie, de véhicules blindés et d'avions par les troupes alliées.
République socialiste du Gilan :
Mirza Koutchak Khan a accepté de coopérer avec les bolcheviks russes sous certaines conditions, dont celle de l'annonce de la République socialiste du Gilan (aussi connue sous le nom de République rouge de la jungle) sous sa direction et sans intervention directe des soviets dans les affaires internes de la république.
La mort de Mirza :
Mirza et son compagnon Gauck (un Allemand de Russie), abandonnés dans les monts Khalkhal, moururent de froid. Son corps fut décapité par un seigneur local et sa tête fut exposée à Racht afin d'établir l'hégémonie du nouveau gouvernement sur la révolution et les idées révolutionnaires. Cet évènement marqua la fin d'une époque pour l'histoire iranienne dans le cadre de sa lutte pour la liberté et la prospérité.
Notes et références :
Lionel Dunsterville Diary [archive]
The Iranian: Mirza Koochak Khan, Lenin [archive]
THE IRANIAN: Quiz [archive]
cf. ouvrage de Ebrahim Fakhrayi
Bibliographie :
Ebrahim Fakhrayi, Sardar-e Jangal (Le commandant de la jungle), Téhéran : Javidan, 1983.
Gregor Yaghikiyan, Shooravi vā jonbesh-e jangal (L'Union soviétique et le mouvement de la jungle), Editeur: Borzouyeh Dehgan, Téhéran: Novin, 1984.
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Where to travel to see the nomads of Iran?
The nomads of Iran are a part of the history of this country, people who still maintain the nomadic lifestyle of their fathers. In addition to using natural gifts throughout the year, they have also been the guardians of the country's borders. The customs and traditions of these tribes are still preserved after many years. Although these people live hard, they have big hearts and are leading all Iranians in hospitality and preserving traditions.
Nomads of western and southern Iran Kurdish nomads have long been scattered in the northernmost part of the Zagros, within the provinces of West Azerbaijan and Kurdistan. Some of them live in the surrounding mountains. The famous tribes of Shakak, Mamesh, Zarza, Qara Papaq and… in West Azerbaijan province are Golbaghi provinces, Oramanat tribes, Marivan tribes, Sanandaj tribes, Baneh tribe, Javanrood tribes, Saqez tribes and independent tribes in Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces. Nomadism is still prevalent in Kermanshah province and the Kurdish tribes of Jaf, Kalhor, Qalkhani, Sanjabi, Goran and Korand are scattered in this area.
The tribes and nomads of the eastern and southeastern basins In the eastern and southeastern part of the country, which includes parts of Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Kerman and Hormozgan, special weather conditions prevail. In this area, there is intense climate diversity and conflict, and in general, a region with little water and little rain, with a hot desert climate and a significant temperature difference during the day and night. Baluch nomads are one of the most important tribes living in southeastern Iran.
Tribes and nomads of the northwestern basin The northwestern part of Iran includes the lands of East and West Azerbaijan, Ardabil and part of Gilan, which has a variety of climates due to the mountainous nature of the region. Sparse forests, lush meadows and vast pastures are the features of this area that have led to nomadic life in this area. There are several tribes living in East Azerbaijan, such as the Shahsoon tribe. Their summer is in the foothills of Sabalan and Ghosheh Dagh around Ahar and Meshginshahr, and the Arasbaran (Qara Dagh) and Khalkhal tribes live in the Talesh Mountains. The winter of Shahsoons and Arasbaran tribes is the shallow plain of Moghan and the tropics of Khalkhal tribes are on the banks of Ghezel Ozan river. The Milan and Jalali tribes also live in the same area at the northwestern tip.
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𝐍𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐮 𝐰𝐚𝐱𝐚𝐲 𝐬𝐢𝐢 𝐦𝐮𝐫𝐣𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐚 𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐚𝐛𝐮𝐪𝐚 𝐂𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝟏𝟗
𝙳𝚛 𝚑𝚊𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚗 𝙼 𝙰𝚋𝚍𝚒𝚕𝚊𝚑𝚒 | 𝙼𝚍 𝙼𝙻𝚃 𝙴𝙽𝚃
𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐡𝐚𝐜/𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 Cigar/sigaar ka waxaa ku jira maa dooyin badan oo halis ku ah jidhkeena, madooyinkaa waxaa ugu caansan Nicotine. Sigaarku si talantaali ah ayuu u waxyeeleeyaa jidhka, waxa kale oo uu khalkhal ku keenaa habdhiska shaqo (Physiology) ee jidha. waxaan xooga saari doonaa waxyeelada dhinaca sababka iyo hadhiska neefsiga( Respiratory).
𝐋𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰/𝐃𝐢𝐛 𝐮 𝐄𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬 Madooyinma sida acrolein, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, nicotine, cotinin; acetaldehyde, phenol and potassium cianide waxay dhawacaan oo ay sun ku yihiin Respiratory Epithelium. Cigaarku waxaa uu sababaaa is badal ku imaada Mechanism kii lagu soo siideynayey Mucousa ha, isla markaa waxaa bata unugyada Goblet ka waxaana waa waynaada xajmigooda, isla markaana waxaa bata siideynta mucus ka. ¹
Dhinaca kale Maadada sigaarka ku jirta ee Nicotine ayaa waxay carisaa protein ta loo yaqaano BiK, protein tan ayaa sababta in Cilia da epithelia cells ay adkadaan joojiyaana dhaqdhaqaaqa ay ku soo nadiifijireen Mucus ka, Hadaba Mucus badan uu sii deysmo kaas oo mararka qaar xidha oo xanibada hawo mareenka isla markaana waxaa dhaca xalada loo yaqaano Smoker’s Cough. isla xalaadan waxa dhacda Swolling blood vessels ku imaada ka dib waxaa dhacda in obstruction sii xoogeysto, ²
Sigaalku waxaa kaloo uu joojiyaa ama yareeyaa Chloride transport ee epithelial cells ka isla markaana waxaa dhaca xaalad isbedel oo physiology ah sida xaladaha dhaca cystic fibrosis ka.
Iyadoo si daas ay tahay, wakhtiga badan ee sigaar cabida waxaa dhacda in uu dhaawac wayn oo joogta ahi uu ku imaado respiratory hair cells.⁵
Sigaraku waxaa la rumeysan yahay in cabidiisa wakhtiga dheer ay timaado ama sababto in dhamaan respiratory linning ku uu ku imaado isbadal marphology ah.⁶
Dhinaca kale marka epethial cells uu dhaawac joogta ah ku imaado waxaa imanaysa in cilia badan la wayao iyo uu dhaca metaplasia taas oo ay daba socoto keratinization, waxaa k sii daran adkaasha ay qalafayaa Submucosal ku, iyo infammation teel teel ah oo soo noqnoqda.
Waxaa dhacda oo kale in Aveolar ku uu isku dhaco taas oo keenta in uu adkaato Gas exchange kii,³
Tar: waa maado ku jirta sigaraka oo gabigeeduba ah Carcinogens substence sababtana Cancer/kansarka.⁴
Carbon Manoxide uu sigaarku sababo waxaynu ognahya in wakhtiga Pulmonary Circulation ay Carbon Monoxide la midoobto Hoemogolobin ka dhiba sidaa ku xanibmo awoodii uu dhiigu ku qaadi lahaa Oxygen sidaasna oxygen tu ugu yaraato jidhka.
𝐆𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐠𝐚𝐛𝐨/𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 Sigaarku waa halis waxaanu sababaa isbadalo ku imaada hawo mareenka, Sambabka, unugyada kiishash ah ee Aveolarka, waxaa uu khalkhal ku imadaa hab gaadhsiinta oxygen ee jidhka, waxaa uu leeyahay madooyin badan oo sababa xanuuno kala duwan sida kor ku xusan, markaa Cabida sigaarku waxaa uu sii murjiyaa xaalada Xanuunka Covid19, maadaamoo respiratory passage kii uu dhaawacyo badan iyo isbadalo badan oo joogta ay ku dhaceen kuwaas oo uu sababey sigaarka iyo madooyinkiisa kala tudan sida protein ta BiK oo sababta in mucous ku bato, sababtoo ah epithelial cell celia oo dhaawacmey kuwaas oo qaab dhismoodkoodii ka adkaadey, hada intan oo waxyeelo ee sigaraku sababey marka ay ku darsamaan waxyeelada Virus ka Covid19 ee Coronavirus waxa sii xoojisma waxyeelada iyo halista.
𝗧𝗶𝘅𝗿𝗮𝗮𝗰𝘆𝗼/𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 1. 𝑂𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑀𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎 𝑆𝑎𝑢́𝑑𝑒, 2008 ℎ𝑡𝑡𝑝://𝑤𝑤𝑤.𝑤ℎ𝑜.𝑖𝑛𝑡/𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜/𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟/𝑒𝑛/ 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑚 11 𝑑𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑙ℎ𝑜 𝑑𝑒 2009. [ 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 ] 2. 𝑉𝐼𝐺𝐼𝑇𝐸𝐿 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑙 2006: 𝑉𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑙𝑎̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜 𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝐷𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑐̧𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑟𝑜̂𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒́𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑜̂𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒́𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑆𝑎𝑢́𝑑𝑒. ℎ𝑡𝑡𝑝://𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑠𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑒.𝑔𝑜𝑣.𝑏𝑟/𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑙/𝑎𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠/𝑝𝑑𝑓/𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑜_𝑣𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑙_2006_ 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜_2007.𝑝𝑑𝑓). 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑚 11 𝑑𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑙ℎ𝑜 𝑑𝑒 2009. [ 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 ] 3. 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐵. 𝐴𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝐴𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦. 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑠: 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝐴𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑎 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐴𝑑𝑣𝑜𝑐. 2003;5:28. [ 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 ] 4. 𝑅𝑎𝑦 𝑁𝐹, 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑘 𝐽𝑁, 𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑀, 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑒ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝐶𝑆, 𝐺𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑃𝐽, 𝐾𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑀, 𝐽𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑝ℎ𝑠 𝑆, 𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑔 𝑌𝐻. 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 1996: 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑎, 𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠. 𝐽 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑙𝑖𝑛 𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑜𝑙. 1999;103:408-14. [ 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 ] 5. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑜́𝑛-𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒𝑛̃𝑎𝑠 𝐿, 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎-𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝐺, 𝑅𝑜𝑑𝑟𝑖́𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑧-𝐴𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑧 𝐴, 𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑀, 𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑖́𝑎 𝑅, 𝑂𝑠𝑛𝑎𝑦𝑎 𝑁 𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑙. 𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑛 𝑐ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠. 𝐴𝑚 𝐽 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑙. 2001;24:132-8. [ 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 ] 6. 𝑈𝑆 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑚𝑜𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔. 𝐴 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑛 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙, 1986. 𝑅𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑣𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒, 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑: 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡ℎ 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒, 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
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