#judeo italian

[spacelazarwolf]

i had my first judeo-italian class today! it was cut short bc the professor had to leave early but i have a good feeling abt this class.

[charlesreeza]

Frescos painted by Agostino Scilla in 1657 adorn the ceiling of the Blessed Sacrament Chapel at the Cathedral of Syracuse, Sicily. The panels depict Elijah and the angel; Habakkuk bringing bread to Daniel in the lions' den; and explorers with grapes from the Promised Land. The back wall shows Moses and the burning bush; and Jacob about to sacrifice his son, Isaac.

Despite his artistic achievements, Agostino Scilla is better remembered as a paleontologist and pioneer in the study of fossils. In 1670 he published his book Vain Speculation Undeceived by Sense in which he promoted a scientific understanding of fossils in contrast to fantastic Biblical and divine interpretations.

Photos by Charles Reeza

[transmascpetewentz]

Use any definition of "speak" that you'd like. This poll is just for fun.

[hero-israel]

Judeo-Arabic, Ladino, Romaniyot, Judeo-Italian, Krymchak... No Jews have been subjected to genocide and the destruction of culture and language, right. That wasn't a motivator for the creation of Israel, right.

Just more Europeans endlessly colonizing the Middle East and fetishizing one side of its totally unrelated conflicts to ACTUALLY be about themselves.

I've said it before - some of the absolute worst, most poisonous fantasy-based takes on I/P come in particular from Ireland and South Africa. Because when you are horribly oppressed by your neighbors for centuries, and then the oppression mostly ends but your neighbors are still your neighbors and you never get closure or restitution or anything, it can be hard or dangerous to blame your neighbors but it's very easy to blame the Jews. Like people who don't solve the problems of a bad home life but instead turn to drugs - it's commonly, mundanely human, a very understandable bad coping strategy. It doesn't become "true" just because of how common it is.

More on the antisemitic shit you hear from Ireland in particular:

[mariacallous]

In recent days, the French president, Emmanuel Macron, has capitulated to the far-right anti-immigration agenda of Marine Le Pen. In July, in an electoral pact with the left, he sought a firewall against her. Now he has turned rightwards, giving her an effective veto over prime minister Michel Barnier’s new government.

By the end of the month, the Austrian Freedom party (FPÖ), founded by two former members of the SS, Anton Reinthaller and Friedrich Peter, is expected to form an anti-immigration,pro-Russian government. It will cement a new hard-right axis across Austria, Hungary and Slovakia, and more importantly, Italy, where step by step the far-right prime minister, Giorgia Meloni (who met Keir Starmer on Monday), is accused of taking control of the press and the judiciary.

The far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) party has just won the east German regional elections in Thuringia and came second in Saxony. This is despite Germany’s domestic intelligence agency listing the AfD in three states as an “extremist” organisation, reflecting concerns about the Holocaust denial and links to far-right political violence of some of its members – and their invoking of banned Nazi slogans, for which the party’s Thuringian leader, Björn Höcke, has twice been found guilty in German courts.

But while Germany’s centre-right opposition leader, Friedrich Merz, who last year supported coalitions with the AfD in local government, has now refused to enter any national or regional coalition with the AfD, he has come closer to much of its anti-immigration agenda. He now wants “to talk about the issue of repatriation” of existing residents.

Now Höcke is openly mocking what he calls the “dumb firewall” against him, forecasting that it will not last. And last week the German coalition government reacted to the AfD’s success by tightening control of its bordersin an effort to curb irregular migration.

Another lurch rightward came with the decision last month by the Dutch health minister, a member of Geert Wilders’ far-right Freedom party, to refuse requests from African countries for urgent help in the fight against mpox, even when the Dutch stockpile runs to 100,000 boxes of unused vaccines – many of which will pass their use-by date next year.

The spectre haunting Europe is not communism, as Karl Marx once wrote, but far-right extremism. And not much is left of the cordon sanitaire that was to keep out the far right. Europe now has seven governments with hard-right parties in control or in coalition, with Austria likely to be next, as once-immovable barriers to contamination are swept aside by centre-right appeasers.

“Breaking point” was the slogan on a poster that Nigel Farage deployed in 2016 during the Brexit referendum campaign, portraying bearded and dark-skinned migrants appearing to march in droves towards us. The exact same photograph was later replicated in Hungary, with the caption changed from “Breaking point” to “Stop”.

Similar slogans include “Stop the invasion” (“Stop invasione”), used by Matteo Salvini’s Italian League party; and “Close the borders” (“Grenzen dicht”), adopted by German far-right groups the AfD and Pegida (Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the West).

A few years ago, when the now-imprisoned former Donald Trump adviser Steve Bannon attempted to form a global coalition of anti-globalists, he managed to herd together a number of Europe’s rightwing leaders, from Nigel Farage to Hungary’s Viktor Orbán. He was involved in setting up an “Academy for the Judeo-Christian West” in Italy. And Trump’s “America first” Republican party is now one of many to adopt the “my country first” slogan.

Spain’s far-right Vox party has used “Primero lo nuestro. Primero los españoles”; Italy’s League, “Prima gli Italiani”; Hungary’s Fidesz party, “Nekünk Magyarország az első”; Germany’s AfD, “Unser Land zuerst”; Austria’s FPÖ, “Österreich zuerst”; and the Swiss People’s Party, “Die Schweiz zuerst”.

Outside Europe, “Önce Türkiye” (“Turkey First”) is promoted by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s Justice and Development party. The far-right Japan First party marches under the banner of “日本第一” (“Japan first”). “India first” has been adopted by prime minister Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata party.

Variations on this theme include “Polska dla Polaków” (“Poland for Poles”),used by nationalists in Poland, Vox’s slogan “España viva” (“Long live Spain”), and “Brasil acima de tudo” (“Brazil above everything”), used by Brazil’s former president Jair Bolsonaro.

In all, about 50 countries have already gone to the polls in 2024. “Fears that this year would reflect the global triumph of illiberal populism have so far been proved wrong,” Francis Fukuyama, a senior fellow at Stanford University’s Center on Democracy and the author of the End of History and the Last Man thesis, has concluded. “Democratic backsliding can and has been resisted in many countries.”

He can, of course, point to the return of Labour in Britain, the re-election of Ursula von der Leyen as president of the European Commission, the shift away from the far right in Poland and the setback for Modi in India. But the Polish and Indian results tell me no more than tolerance of rightwing extremism can ebb when the electorate finds out that the nationalist demagogues are good at exploiting grievances, but bad at eradicating them.

And so we must not forget what has happened in countries from Indonesia to Argentina, the knife-edge fight for power in the US and – what Fukuyama misses in Europe – the insidious surrender of the centre to far-right prejudice.

Of course, there are ways to frustrate the onward rush of rightwing populists. Not only did the Spanish prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, defeat the right in national elections last year, but he has skilfully engineered a split between Spain’s centre-right People’s party (PP) and the far-right Vox over the fate of vulnerable child migrants. Until July the two were in coalition in five key regions: Valencia, Aragón, Murcia, Extremadura and Castilla y León.

But it was not the centre-right PP that abandoned the extreme-right Vox; it was the extreme right that walked away from the centre right. And as long as the so-called moderates continue to play with fire – believing that by keeping their opponent close, they can eventually tame the beast – they will continue to lose. Sooner rather than later, the far-right poison will have to be countered with a progressive agenda focused on what matters to people most: jobs, standards of living, fairness and bridging the morally indefensible gap between rich and poor.

[daloy-politsey]

Applications for language classes beginning in Michaelmas Term 2024 are now open! These classes include ones on the following languages: Haketia, Baghdadi Judeo-Arabic, Classical Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Italian, Judeo-Moroccan, Judeo-Neo-Aramaic, Judeo-Persian, Ladino, Old Yiddish and Yiddish.

The deadline to apply is 16 September at 12 noon UK time.

[sefaradweb]

Learning Ladino

Ladino, also referred to as Judeo-Spanish or Judezmo, serves as the linguistic heritage of Sephardic Jews, or Sepharadim, descending from the Iberian Peninsula, which encompasses present-day Spain and Portugal. Following their expulsion from Spain in 1492, Sepharadim dispersed throughout the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and beyond, predominantly finding refuge in the Ottoman Empire. It was within this diverse cultural milieu that Ladino emerged, blending Spanish and other Iberian languages with a robust infusion of Hebrew-Aramaic elements, while also incorporating linguistic influences from the surrounding Mediterranean regions such as Turkish, Greek, Italian, French, and Arabic. Embracing versatility, Ladino became the language of everyday life, spanning from domestic settings to public spaces like markets and synagogues, and encompassing various aspects of culture including humor, politics, and literature.

[suchaspookyginger]

we're not thinking too hard about this, have some italkit!soul word vomit

________

he's watching maka practice japanese with tsubaki, tongue still too heavy on the japanese r, yet still trying so hard to cling to her mother's homeland, when he's suddenly reminded of his grandmother.

____

nonna bianchi, her hair as white as soul's and the fairest blonde before that to match wes's; eyes richer than molasses that glowed almost carmine in twilight. she carried herself with grace and dignity always, her back straight and her head high, making those surrounding her forget that she never quite reached five feet. she was born, like so few in her time, in america to judeo-italian immigrants.

(refugees, soul thinks to this day. they fled their community in venice to brooklyn before the pope had even denounced the rise in antisemitism during the fascist period. immigration, nonna said, because we were smart; we left when other italian jews were supporting mussolini's rise. refugees, wes agreed with soul, because we saw the smoke for what it was, because our blood and our bones remember fleeing sicily, remember fleeing spain, remember fleeing, fleeing, fleeing, if only to survive one more day. immigration, nonna said, because we still have our pride.)

nonna bianchi, whose first language was a pidgin hybrid of italian, ladino and english, yet spoke each individually with perfect clarity. nonna bianchi, who later collected languages like soul collects records, like maka collects books, was always careful with her company when speaking italian to soul ("they didn't care that i was born american, solomon," she said, steely gaze in the middle distance. "they only cared that my family's homeland was an enemy."). she was always careful with her company when teaching him hebrew, too ("these american goyim are our friends now, but their fathers and grandfathers supported hitler before american involvement in the war, and their children and grandchildren may support the next one. always be alert, son.").

nonna bianchi, whose first love was her culture, her second russian opera, instilled the love and drive for music in her children and grandchildren while also drilling in the holiness of shabbat, the importance of community, the yearning for their culture.

nonna bianchi, whose love for her grandchildren overflowed like wine during passover, yet overwhelmed them with her strive for perfection in judaism, perfection in performance, perfection in academics, to the point where soul just snapped. he broke and he broke down and he fled like his ancestors before him the second he had an out, the blades erupting from his arms providing him a lifeline away from the deep waters of his childhood home and expectations. (he never could worship lord death as the god he was, but he could work for him, work under him, work as a tool to keep this world safe. it took maka the better part of a year to understand why he didn't turn any lights on on saturdays and fasted every few months, his devotion to his people sporadic yet second nature. on an early mission to los angeles, he stumbled upon a small judaica shop, feeling a longing he hadn't realized ate away at him until that moment. he left with one mezuzah not dissimilar to the one on nonna's front door and a simple black kippah with red stitching. he only kisses the mezuzah on shabbat and holidays, and he has never worn the skullcap, but it sits in his drawer for a day he may need it. it brings him comfort regardless.)

nonna bianchi, whom soul called for the first time days after kidd made his auguration speech, calling for a new time with witches as allies and soul as the last death scythe.

"are you ready to come home, solomon?" nonna asked in italian as they reached the natural conclusion of their conversation, catching up on lost time, her voice slightly gruffer with age that soul missed over the last half-decade gone, the dulcet tones that brought her fame in her youth still in the under layers.

"i am home," he replied, his hebrew stiff but there - barely touched in his time away save for the high holidays and the occasional shabbat. he looks out from his spot on the couch in their living room, into the kitchen where maka is prepping dinner, "i found my music out here."

"and your judaism?" nonna asked. "surely working for a minor deity has caused issues."

"it's probably not how you'd hoped for me. death city is wanting for any jewish life, and i can't make it to my shul in vegas more than once a month for the most part. but maka, and everyone else, too, they do shabbat with me. we do tzedakah and hold seders and maka listens to me when i need to remember." soul paused, searching for the words - in english, italian, hebrew, it didn't matter, "it's not - sometimes it's lonely. i needed to leave, but it didn't stop me from missing wes, or mom and dad, or you. i didn't realize how much judaism, and being italian, was a part of me until i was no longer immersed in it."

"but you won't return."

"no, nonna. i'll visit, soon, but this is - maka, she's - i'm home here, in a way that i hadn't felt in new york, maybe ever."

"bring this girl with you," nonna said, "when you come visit. she sounds like a hell of a woman."

"she is, nonna."

"good," she chuckled, "maybe we can make a jew out of her yet."

soul spluttered, heat rising in his face. maka looked over at him in confusion when she heard him yell out, "nonna! not in english!"

____

soul's still watching maka and tsubaki talk from his spot on the couch. they've taken over the kitchen table, a few japanese workbooks meant for late elementary-aged children open to help maka practice her kana, sitting just as ignored as their cups half-full of tea as maka's face flushes pink. he can't tell if it's from concentration or their topic of discussion, but he smiles soft at her expression regardless.

soul is no expert in japanese, truly he doesn't understand a lick of it, but he can guess that their conversation has strayed to him by the number of times they say "sōru," the sound of his name a borrowed word all the more evident when tsubaki catches his eye and smirks. maka shoots her a sharp look and says something to her, lips careful yet clumsy as they form words still unfamiliar in her mouth, inflection at the end implying a question. tsubaki laughs, sugary sweet, as she obliges what is now clearly a subject change.

maka looks over at him after a while, smile soft and uncharacteristically shy, and a need washes over soul. he gets up, strides the short walk to where maka sits, and stands behind her, his face lightly buried in her hair.

"soul?" maka's voice is light, inquisitive. tsubaki raises an eyebrow, silent as she picks up her now surely cold tea and delicately sips at it.

he decides on hebrew. just because he needs to say it to her face doesn't mean he's not still terrified out of his mind. italian and ladino are too similar to spanish, and they're in close enough proximity to a few hispanic communities to hear spanish casually, and even maka knows enough to be able to figure out what he's saying without needing to actually know either language. hebrew doesn't have a distinction in the way that volere and amore are distinct, but his voice raw when ohev comes out of his mouth and he worries that she'll know regardless.

the whine that comes out of his mouth when she replies with her own "ohevet" is covered by her giggle, bright and musical as ever.

[gorillawithautism]

arabic seems pretty i think

putting in on the list of "languages i would like to learn but probably never will" right next to indonesian

that list also features

literally every jewish language but especially judeo-italian and yiddish

"african" and "indian" (ik african and indian aren't language but specific languages aren't not mentioned because i haven't done any research or narrowed it down at all i just have a vague interest in african and indian languages respectively)

latin and/or greek but like the old stuff,, because etymology is interesting to me

probably more but i don't actually have this written down anywhere so idk

"native american" (again, not an actual language because same deal as african and indian languages with not narrowing it down... i just think it would be cool to learn more about various cultures of the land i occupy and learning languages is a great way to learn about culture from the people who speak said languages)

japanese

[sethshead]

ooohthatsmelll "JVPUSC's ig story is now full of major cope about their inability to read or write Hebrew lmao"

waluigistache "I mean yiddish is also written right to left💀,it isnt even modern hebrew,this seder plate has existed in the diaspora for CENTURIES,given they are college students,that means they celebrated passover a handful of times to know its not רורמ but מרור" Next_Dragonfruit_969 "What nonsense. If someone was showing off a homemade Basmala calligraphy, and they spelled everything wrong there would be serious questions about their connection to the faith. Praying in Arabic is required in Islam - it is the language of God. 

"Plus Yiddish and Judeo-Italian and others all use the Hebrew alphabet and Semitic style of reading (right to left). The oxford School of Rare Jewish Languages explains better than I could. 

"Jews have always prayed in Hebrew, even the most Reform, Reconstruction, or humanist branches. This is an insane statement."  minecrafthentai69 "'Dino' it's Ladino, lmao."

[bookwyrminspiration]

ALSO idk if youd be interested but oxford is also doing free zoom classes in endangered jewish languages, applications are out now :] im trying out for judeo moroccan because thats the only time slot i can do but they also have judeo greek, ladino, old yiddish, yiddish, judeo italian, and so many more its so cool sorry for rambling so much LMAO

OO I didn't know about those--and no need to apologize, you're far from rambling by my standards. And language is a topic I love!

I have the site pulled up and will have to think about whether I want to join one or not--I do love learning new languages, but I am about to start another. Especially since I'm also taking my own classes and don't know if I'll have the time. Either way, they do list materials, so I could look at those on my own.

Regardless of whether I can do it or not, I appreciate knowing about it! So thank you for sharing with me :)

[spacelazarwolf]

help me figure something that me n my friend have been arguing abt (we’re both jews shes ashkenazi im sephardi/mizrachi i need another non-ashkenazi opinion abt this and all my jewish mutuals r ashlenazi)

is yiddish the ‘mother tongue’? and if it is, does that mean that all jews should speak it, ashkenazi or not?

yiddish is the diaspora language that primarily ashkenazi jews spoke and some still speak. other diaspora groups had/have different diaspora languages depending on where they spent the diaspora. i’m taking a judeo italian class, and am hoping to take ladino (largely spoken by sephardi jews) as well.

yiddish is the mother tongue…for people whose communities spoke it. it is not The One Jewish Mother Tongue, and to say that all jews should speak it for that reason is ashkenormative as fuck.

[useless-catalanfacts]

Besides Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish), are there any living Judaic or other spiritually Romance languages that you know of?

According to the internet, Judeo-Italian has about 200 speakers.

[outreach-by-adellah]

Throughout Time & Space - Modern Jewish Languages (19 Shevat)

Everyone has heard of Hebrew, the official language of the Jewish people. With over 9 million speakers and 7 million learners, it is certainly the most important and well-known Jewish language as well. However, it is by no means the only one! Many Jews do know that there are other some Jewish languages besides Hebrew, such as Yiddish and Ladino, but did you know that there are actually dozens of other Jewish languages in 7 different language families that are still spoken to this day!? In this week’s edition of Throughout Time and Space, you will be introduced to the most widely spoken Jewish language from each of these 7 families, and the history and culture behind them.

Afro Asiatic: Hebrew. Well, I did just say that Hebrew is the official language of the Jewish people, and the one with the most speakers by far, so it makes sense that Hebrew would be on the list. The Afro-Asiatic language family contains all of the Semitic languages, such as Hebrew and Arabic, as well as the vast majority of North and Northeast African languages. However, Hebrew is by far the most unique language out of any of them, as it is the only language in all of human history to be brought back from the “dead”, meaning that Hebrew is the only language to ever regain native speakers after having none at all for thousands of years. Of course, it is no coincidence that this has only ever happened to the language of Hashem’s chosen people!

Austronesian: Judeo-Malay. Judeo-Malay is (or, was, as it may have recently gone extinct) the only Judeo language in the Austronesian language family, which includes a huge diversity of languages from Maritime Southeast Asia. It is spoken by Jews in the Northern Malaysian state of Penang, and is very closely related to the Malay language of that same region. All surviving manuscripts in this language exist in the notebook of Rahamim Jacob Cohen, an Iranian Jew, and are currently being kept by the British Library.

Dravadian: Judeo-Malayalam. Judeo-Malayalam is also the only Judeo language in its language family (the Dravidian family, spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka), and is spoken by the Cochin Jews (the oldest Jewish community in India, perhaps tracing back to the time of King Solomon) in both Israel and Kerala India. Since this language is extremely similar to Malayalam, it is considered by some to be a “dialect” rather than a language, but some argue that there are enough Hebrew loanwords and unique features in Judeo-Malayalam for it to be considered a unique language. Unlike other Judeo languages, Judeo-Malayalam is not written using the Hebrew alphabet. Unfortunately, this Judeo language may not be around for much longer, as the vast majority of its speakers now live in Israel, where they mainly speak Hebrew. Indo-European: Yiddish. Yiddish is perhaps the most well known Jewish language aside from Hebrew, as it was the primary Jewish language in Europe until very recently. However, it is certainly not the only Judeo language in its family. The Indo-European language family also includes the somewhat well known Jewish language of Ladino (also known as Judeo-Spanish), as well as dozens of lesser known languages such as Judeo-Persian (Jidi), Judeo-Portuguese, and Judeo-Italian. Yiddish originated in what is now Germany as a West Germanic dialect, but quickly became a language in its own right. Although many of Yiddish’s speakers were murdered in the holocaust, it is by no means an endangered language. Every year, the number of Yiddish speakers actually increases (it’s currently at about 1 million) due to its use as a primary language in Haredi communities in pretty much every country with Haredim. Many famous Jewish authors, such as Shalom Aleichem, have written in Yiddish.

Kartvelian: Judeo-Georgian. Judeo-Georgian (called Qivruli in the language itself) is one of two Kartvelian (South Caucasus) Judeo languages, the other being Judeo-Mingrelian which is nearly extinct. However, Judeo-Georgian actually has about 60,000 native speakers! It is spoken by Jews who live in the country of Georgia, a community which has been there for 2,600 years after escaping Babylonian captivity. Although Judeo-Georgian is mutually intelligible with Georgian, it has enough Hebrew loanwords to be considered its own language (a similar situation to Ladino and Spanish, or even Yiddish and German). The language is written using the Hebrew alphabet.

Turkic: Krymchak. Krymchak is spoken in Crimea in the Krymchak community, which is mostly composed of Jewish immigrants. The language shares a lot of similarities to Crimean Tatar, which is the dominant language of the region. However, Krymchak is considered a language in its own right due to the amount of Hebrew loanwords it contains. In the past, the language was also written using Hebrew letters, but it is now written using Cyrilic (and during the time of the Soviet union was written in a modified Latin alphabet). Although this language once had quite a number of native speakers, it is now nearly extinct, with fewer than 800 speakers in Crimea and a couple thousand worldwide. There are single digit numbers of native speakers.

Creole: Judeo-Papiamento. Judeo-Papiamento is a Jewish language with its roots in the Portuguese-based creole (creoles are languages that are formed by two or more distinct languages combining and simplifying. Many, including this one, were formed during the colonization of the Americas) language of Papiamento. The language was first spoken by Sephardic Jews in Curacao, which is where it is still most commonly used to this day. Judeo-Papiamento differs from Papiamento as it contains many Hebrew loanwords and is also pronounced slightly differently. Judeo-Papiamento is the only living Jewish creole language and also the only Jewish language with any ties to the Netherlands.

So, that was your first glance at Judeo languages across the world. The fact that Jews speak so many languages in so many different language families all across the world is truly a testament to how long we have been living in exile. However, the fact that many of these languages are now dying is a testament to another form of Jewish resistance. We no longer need to continue speaking languages tainted by our exile, as we have now revived the language of our ancestors for our children to become its native speakers. Normally, it is sad when languages die, but these languages are not dying because their speakers are dying - they are being laid to rest because their speakers are finally returning home to their motherland and mother tongue. Although these languages are fascinating to learn about, Iy”H they will soon be relegated to the history books while the people of Israel live.

Tell me in tags: How many of these languages have you heard of before? How many do you speak? Are you also a Hebrew speaker? Let me know in the tags!

Jew Joke:

What does a kvetcher always have for breakfast?

A (com)plain bagel.

[magnficientoarfish]

image description: an infographic, “How to say happy Passover in Jewish languages” by @myjewishlearning

Hebrew: “Chag kasher v’sameach”

Judeo-Amharic: “Melkam yeqita be-al”

Ladino: “Pesach alegre”

Judeo-Persian: “Moedeuten mubarak bashe”

Judeo-Italian: “Buon mongedde”

Judeo-Arabic: “Ikun elik el-eid mbrak”

Yiddish: “A freylichen un koshern pesach”

end ID

Happy Pesach wherever you are and however you sat it! Our unique cultural traditions are beautiful and worth celebrating!

[sefaradweb]

Matilda Koen Sarano Z'L: Despedida i Homenaje

🇪🇸 Emisión en Sefardí: El programa rinde homenaje a la memoria de Matilda Koen Sarano Z"L, destacada trabajadora por la difusión de la lengua y cultura sefardí. Matilda Koen, de origen sefardí italiano de Turquía, fue una destacada defensora del judeoespañol y del rico patrimonio de la tradición oral. Autora de numerosos libros y colaboradora en medios como Kol Israel, enseñó el cuento popular sefardí y la lengua en universidades en Israel. Se comparte parte de su obra teatral "Maridos i Mujeres" y sus poesías-kantes interpretadas por Mónica Monasterio. El programa concluye con el deseo de continuar su importante labor.

🇺🇸 Broadcast in Ladino: The program pays tribute to the memory of Matilda Koen Sarano Z"L, a dedicated advocate for the dissemination of Sephardic language and culture. Matilda Koen, of Italian Sephardic origin from Turkey, was a prominent figure in preserving Judeo-Spanish and its rich oral tradition. Author of numerous books and a contributor to Kol Israel, she taught Sephardic folk tales and the language at universities in Israel. The program shares excerpts from her musical comedy "Maridos i Mujeres" and her poetry-songs performed by Mónica Monasterio. The broadcast concludes with a hope to continue her important work.