#including severely outdated encyclopedias

[demonir]

I know Aziraphale would love thrifting, antique stores and garage sales because they are the prime places to find incredibly old stuff including books

Garage sale owner: My grandma died and left all these 100 years old shit I don’t want

Aziraphale, absolutely stoked: Oh how sad how absolutely sad anyways how much do you think this would cost?

[ms-scarletwings]

Aberrant Fish

!! Hi there, if you are reading this, know that this post is currently going through a sort of overhaul and revisit as of September. With the release of the Iron Rig DLC, and me finally getting around to finishing it, several updates to the hyperlinks below are in the works to fix some outdated numbering and account for the MANY additional aberrations that the latest expansion has added to existing regions.

The first hint many an angler will get of the dark, insidious secrets these waters hold,

and yet, they are the first thing to be accepted as only another flavor of mundane.

The game text calls them grotesque. The fishmonger calls them corrupted. You get to call them a bonus. Rather than fear and revile them, tradesmen will pay a shiny extra penny to add them into their stock. They are gestured to and spoken of, but never truly elaborated on by the townsfolk. They have probably been here long before most of them, and so will be here long after they are gone. They were certainly here before you. Maybe you don’t need their answers, and yet if you are like me, you still witlessly question and keep dredging for more.

Like many things pulled from those cursed depths, they whisper flecks of madness from an impossible voice. What messages do they carry, and what forces do they play vessel to? Are they the lingering embers from a long-extinguished calamity, or are they harbingers of the next one to come?

I believe we have already seen signs of fire with our own eyes- impossible, great beasts that prowl the four (now five) coasts, the dying cult, gibbering fog…. That damned book. These tortured creatures are but another form of the same smoke.

To the question of where they came from, if your fisherman pokes around enough and braves the darkness, he may have already found a response in one of the many obelisks scattered around the map. Specifically, I refer to this.

This would suggest the aberrants themselves are what leaked in through the cracks that the largest of all monsters wants to rend apart? Not entirely, but in part. For the researcher at the Stellar Basin came to her own conclusion I want to factor in.

Her words give credence to the possibility that it is actually those greater beasts themselves at the heart of the corruption. I think she was half onto something, because what if these twisted forms, both large and small, were blooms along the same set of festering roots?

The more dark stones you disturb in the frenzy of your own madness, the more you learn about the age before your arrival, about the islands, and especially about their current guardians. The Mindsuckers- carrion puppet masters given a home, the Basin creature- a spore that miraculously survived its dive to the abyss, and the Serpent- lifeless stone made animate and malicious, all had their creation remembered in great detail by the obelisks. Some hints point that their emergence was rather recent, relative to even more powerful beings, such as the leviathan.

Maybe there are even more unseen horrors far below, blessedly out of our reach, for now. My view is that the malformed beasts are the aimless children of such unfathomable things waiting beyond the veil. With them came its influence, and its corruption, and from them it continues to spread to all life surrounding. The smaller rifts were always a transformative disease upon the harbor’s fish, but with the rise of the new monsters, the sickness runs farther and less avoidably than ever. Whether these aberrant spawn are a gift to the worthy, or another deceptive evil that leads to madness remains left to be seen.

I will be giving a spotlight to each of these fascinating specimens at the back of Dredge’s encyclopedia, including those found in the expansions, for further comment and appreciation. Updating the list below as we go along!

[#104-109]

[#110-115]

[#116-122]

[#123-129]

[#130-135]

[#136-141]

[#142-148]

[#149-154]

[#155-159]

[#160-164]

[#165-168]

[#169-172]

[#173-180]

[#181-187]

[#188-194]

[#151-156] [update still WIP]

[#157-162] [update still WIP]

[#213-218]

[#219-224]

[Bonus I. Night Angler]

[Bonus II. Serpent]

[Bonus III. Basin Creature]

[Bonus IV. Mindsuckers]

[Bonus V. Unseeing Mother]

[Bonus VI. “Narwhal”]

[batmanisagatewaydrug]

Invitation for all library personnel:

As part of our ongoing effort to fund formal expansion into the vast caverns beneath the AV Department, we’ll be holding a small rummage sale this weekend. Overstocked, outdated, and otherwise interesting items will be up for grabs, so make sure you get in early to have a good look around!

Volunteers who have been hard at work organizing the rummage sale have let us know about some real gems among the items up for sale, including several manuals of marital advice written circa 1970, a 2017 World Book Encyclopedia set that is in perfect condition, save for that face that it is missing volumes E and A, and no less than 38 copies of Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight. 

AV materials will also be up for sale, including a single VHS tape of the 1997 film Air Bud, several CD-ROMs that are guaranteed to make any computer burst into flames, and some CDs that will be very exciting to anyone who’s a fan of rhythmic deep sea chanting.

The sale starts at 9:00 AM Saturday and is open to the public with no preferential treatment for employees, so make sure to get in early to snag these choice items! 

[runicmagitek]

Hi! Question: Do you have any tips on world building? Or on organizing world building for oneself? Also, do you still write original stuff while writing fanfiction?

Apologies if I didn’t respond to this right away. Like any process in writing, worldbuilding can be a personal and individual aspect. Just because someone does something a certain way doesn’t mean that’s how it has��to be. Finding out what works for you takes time and effort to figure out and thus a lot of trial and error. But that’s the case for writing drafts and editing and coming up with characters. And if you’re willing to do the work, then I promise it will come more easily to you.

That said, I also had to put thought into this, because… well, I don’t really put much thought into worldbuilding these days – it just kind of happens. But I think I’ve organized my chaotic thoughts enough to maybe share something useful. Hopefully it makes sense and I hope this helps you!

The most important part of worldbuilding has nothing to do with worldbuilding: focus on your story first. I find it far easier to establish what story it is you want to tell and some base characters in said story. Only then can you figure out what world it is you want to place them in. I know some people who do it the other way around, but that method doesn’t work for me; you can always tweak your world to better fit your story and while maybe you can make an argument that the same can be said about your story and characters for the sake of the world, it’s more effort than it should be, at least in my experience. So let your characters and story be solid first. Know what it is you wish to convey and then make that world for them to play in so that it can better highlight the plot and the characters’ motives.

And then comes the worldbuilding… but what is worldbuilding? I’m sure hundreds of people have their own specific definitions, but for me? Worldbuilding is what makes up the day-to-day life of the characters and helps highlight their strengths, weaknesses, and motives within the plot. Worldbuilding is the clothes they wear, the food they eat, the jobs they have, the transportation they take, the communities they interact with, and so much more. And what’s important to you and your story might vary for another person or hell, it might even change for you with each story you write.

Maybe you’re thinking, “Ok, cool, but like how?” Best example is to think of yourself. Stop and look at your room. What does that tell about you? What aspects would you include in a story to help the reader better understand your situation and thus the overall story? Is it the signed band poster of the first concert you went to? Is it the ugly, outdated rug you’ve been stuck with your whole life and never bothered to replace? Is it the stack of dirty plates on your desk you need to bring to the kitchen to wash? Is it the collection of stuffed animals you’ve kept because each one reminds you of the person who gave it to you? Is it that everything matches and fits the color scheme of your favorite colors? Find those things that resonate with you, both the positive and the negative. That’s your worldbuilding.

What isn’t worldbuilding is needing to explain every damn thing that happens and exists. First and foremost, are your characters actual walking encyclopedias? Just like actual people, they don’t know everything. Some people remember particular things because maybe it’s more important to them or it was drilled in their head during school or they used to work for a particular company or area and thus know the odd bit of information. Unless you’re writing hard science fiction or hard fantasy, there is literally no need to explain everything. If it’s not progressing the plot or developing a character further, it doesn’t need to be in there.

For example, I live in a small town where there is a massive, abandoned textile mill. Like I’m talking several miles. It was super productive during WWII and provided things like parachutes for the war. The workers were also provided housing close by and those duplexes still exist. But since the 80s, it’s been out of business. It’s partially overgrown now and multiple people have gone in to try and knock it down to build something new and two of said people went bankrupt a quarter into said project. There have been talks of it being restored as housing unit or even a shopping area, though the ground has some sort of toxic stuff (lead? I can’t remember) and needs to be cleaned before that ever happens. I know this because I had to write a “high school level” research paper on it in 5th grade twenty years ago. I drive by this thing every day to work and the only thing that matters to me is that it kills my satellite radio signal when I drive by. Yes, I know random information about it. Does it remotely pertain to my personal story? Dear lord no.

That’s kind of the basic idea behind worldbuilding or at least how I approach it. There are plenty of resources online as to what you can think about specifically and questions to ask yourself (ie – magic systems, governments, town/city structures, etc. and if you don’t know where to look for those, feel free to shoot me another ask and I’ll compile a list for you!), but sometimes I feel less is more. Unless you’re writing a history textbook, there’s no reason all of that is going to pop up. As for organizing this? I make a separate folder in my Scrivener file titled Worldbuilding and shove in notes that pop up in my head so I can have them on hand in case I need to refer to them again in the future. It doesn’t need to be one big file; organize it in a fashion that works for you. I separate by categories and bullet point things.

To wrap up this worldbuilding discussion, I remember my many years spent doing stage productions. Us actors spent weeks, if not months memorizing our lines and perfecting interactions with the other characters. We focused on the story first and foremost. Yes, the stage manager and whoever they could rally together worked on the set and props, but they still referenced the same script we were using and they built their vision of the world on the stage to fit that. We only had five days to practice on stage, maybe even a handful of actual full run-throughs with the set and tech, and definitely no more than two weeks. It’s because the story itself mattered more than the world and thus the world only helped tell that story further instead of hindering it. Never forget that when you’re telling your own stories.

AND LASTLY! I do have ideas for original work. Before I dove back into fanfiction, I was working on an original novel, but some life events made me put it aside. Writing fics has been very comforting for me on multiple levels and I keep at it because of that (and because I love having interactions with other fans and with asks like this! So thank you!). I don’t know if I’ll return to that particular original work I was chipping away at; I’d probably need to rewrite it from the ground up at this point. I do have a few ideas in my head, one of which started as an AU for a rarepair in a small/old/sorta dead fandom I’m in (this sounds like my life) and I realized I was putting way too much effort into it as a fanfic and opted to maybe one day explore it as an original piece. I have a lot of notes on it, from characters to backstory to also worldbuilding! And for the two years, I’ve been adding onto this thing, the worldbuilding has changed the most, because I need to find that balance of it complimenting the story and characters ;) I’m sure I’ll write it one day. For now, I’m really happy writing fics.

[reverieinsimlish]

Cal doubted Arista knew that her banter with their child calmed him as much as their little girl. In spite of being underground, the air remained dry and he wondered if the spell he had noticed warded the area from moisture that would quickly ruin the books. Several doorways pierced the rugged old stonework and he chose the first on his left to explore. The Victorian furnishings on this level contrasted with the mid-century style upstairs. 

The shelf housed a wide variety of books, including a hopelessly outdated set of World War II Era encyclopedias. A good many of the books appeared to be old, with the tell-tale rounded edge of hand-bound leather and slight variations in the wear and dye.

[technicallyunabashedbouquet]

Microsoft 2008 For Mac

Update Microsoft 2008 For Mac

Office 2008 For Mac Updates

Microsoft 2008 For Mac Updates

Microsoft 2008 For Mac Free Download

Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac All-in-One For Dummies Cheat Sheet By Geetesh Bajaj, Jim Gordon Get the most out of Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac with handy tips for working in Office in general as well as word-processing in Word, making spreadsheets in Excel, creating PowerPoint slides, and e.

Microsoft excel 2008 free download - Microsoft Office 2008 update, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Excel, and many more programs. Enter to Search. My Profile Logout.

Microsoft 365 for Mac. Do your best work with Office apps in Microsoft 365—anywhere, anytime, with anyone. For home For business Get Office apps for Mac. Start quickly with the most recent versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, OneNote and OneDrive —combining the familiarity of Office and the unique Mac features you love.

PowerPoint 2008 is a version of the popular presentation application for Mac.

Update Microsoft 2008 For Mac

PowerPoint 2008 is an outdated version of PowerPoint. WSU still supports it, but students may update to the latest version of Microsoft Office (including the latest PowerPoint), by utilizing the Software Additions application. After releasing Office for Mac 2011 well over two years ago, Microsoft has now announced that it will be dropping support for its predecessor, Office for Mac 2008, on April 9th, 2013.

Basic Interface

The Powerpoint interface features these elements:

Menu Bar which includes also in the mac some automatic scripts under the icon for the Mac program called the Automator.

The Standard Toolbar. It includes icons for several tools. The 'Toolbox' icon will open a 'palette' that gives you several menus. See 'Toolbox' below.

The Elements Gallery. Clicking on a tab will open an gallery of choices. The first tab opens a gallery of slide themes. To select one will change the current theme for ALL slides. The next tab opens slide formats. To select a format will change the current slide. And so on. For more discussion of these see topics below: Slide Transition, Slide Format, Slide Theme. Clicking on the tab will close up the gallery.

This is the ruler. It will also show tab marks for text.

This is the edit window for the current slide.

This is the space for your 'speech notes' -- details you want to discuss but which you do not want displayed on the slide. It can be printed out or will be shown on your Mac screen while the Powerpoint is generated to the overhead projector.

These are the optional views. The current view is the 'normal' or editing view. The next option is the Slide Sorter view for organizing all of the slides. The third is for full screen or 'slide show' view.

Finally, the last panel pointed to manages individual enumerated slides (in miniature) that are part of the slide series.

Toolbox

Toolbox

The 'toolbox' provides a tab of palette options.

First is the Formatting Palette.

Then is the Object Palette.

Next is Custom Automation for special effects on individual slides.

Then is the Scrapbook for keeping copies of items put into the 'clipboard,' that is, items in 'copy' or 'cut'.

Then Reference Tools, such as dictionary, thesaurus and online references including MSN encyclopedia.

A version compatibility checker is provided

Finally, a Project Manager for organizing PowerPoint presentations with other documents, such as handouts.

Office 2008 For Mac Updates

The palettes, such as the Formatting Palette, shown to the right are expandable.

They will include many menus such as shown here for formatting fonts, style and so on.

Microsoft 2008 For Mac Updates

Our Internal Help Pages for PowerPoint (Mac) Include

Other Resources

For help from Microsoft: Click Here!

Microsoft 2008 For Mac Free Download

Retrieved from 'http://winonalearn.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_PowerPoint_2008_(Mac)&oldid=49165'

[persuasiveessaypowerpoints845]

power point help

About me

How To Import Powerpoint Presentations With Audio And Animation

How To Import Powerpoint Presentations With Audio And Animation Students get frustrated by PowerPoint shows that are full of graphics and phrases flying throughout the screen whereas lacking substantive content material. Students really feel ignored in lecture halls when the trainer is specializing in the presentation and not taking note of the category. If the faculty member does not have a distant mouse, he or she may not be able to depart the podium because of the need to advance to the following slide. This inability to maneuver inhibits the trainer from being able to walk freely throughout the room and see when the scholars have questions. However, part of the issue can be the fact that faculty tends to focus on the technology and ignore the viewers. Web shade string is copied to the clipboard, so you'll be able to paste in other instruments, for instance, Photoshop. I wish all students absolutely loved finding major ideas and summarizing texts, but they don't. For scholar displays (we referred to as them “oral reviews” again then), I don't remember ever utilizing the overhead projector. Oral reports consisted of scholars standing before the room studying from typewritten pages. Passing around a World Book Encyclopedia with a picture was as multimedia as oral reviews received. I bear in mind giving lots of these stories, but I cannot bear in mind listening to a single one. Eventually, students began making transparencies to accompany their displays when fancy copiers turned available. The subsequent time you attend a PowerPoint presentation, instead of watching the presentation, watch the viewers. If the presenter is using animation , do you see the viewers's heads moving to follow the phrases? Perhaps the presenter is using the appear feature in which the letters seem separately. The college students and I both agree that PowerPoint shouldn't be used merely to demonstrate that an teacher is using know-how in his or her classroom. Students' comments reveal that instructors too typically give attention to the technical features of the presentation somewhat than on the knowledge being introduced. HTML5Point converts PowerPoint shows to HTML5 content that may be considered on iPads, iPhones, and other mobile units. Fonts, rich media content, and most animations and transitions used in displays are precisely preserved. MLC add-in is a set of functionalities developed to hurry up your duties in PowerPoint. Recently, I was asked to talk with a bunch of fourth graders about my job and the way I grew to become concerned with expertise. I created a PowerPoint presentation in which I used photographs to tell my story; it included several photos, similar to a picture of my mother and father and an image of me once I was in fourth grade. Without PowerPoint, I would have needed to cross out the old pictures and hope that, when returned, they weren't coated with fingerprints. PowerPoint must be used as a presentation enhancement, not a alternative for efficient communication. To actually engage audiences in shows, instructors must move beyond PowerPointlessness. K-12 students tend to get pleasure from working with PowerPoint; they like adding pictures, sound, and animation for example their textual content. We can use their enjoyment to encourage ability developments that they find less pleasant. The college students produce an digital portfolio on the completion of their initiatives, which includes the PowerPoint presentations. By definition, all textbooks are outdated compared to analysis literature. Therefore, faculty often supplement textbook data with newer data, photographs, and films. This is particularly helpful when presenting the results of analysis experiments that will evolve because the course progresses. The bitter-pill mannequin (“Do this, it's good for you!”) doesn't work very nicely, especially with reluctant learners. PowerPoint may be the spoonful-of-sugar-makes-the-drugs-go-down mannequin, though I'm not sure I like that as a teaching philosophy. Presently, PowerPoint is the most popular presentation software application amongst lecturers and college students. Keep in thoughts that PowerPoint just isn't the only application with which instructors can combine technology into the classroom. Computer models, simulations, and visualizations of an idea are extra authentic makes use of of technology and should prove to be more practical instructing instruments as properly. If PowerPoint is a device that academics choose to use, they might consider this text a warning label.

[virginiaprelawland]

Law Of Fashion: Counterfeit And Knockoff Goods

By Jenna Shifflett, James Madison University, Class of 2021

June 13, 2020

Across the globe, the lucrative business of counterfeiting has grown into its very own dark industry. Though counterfeiting takes place in nearly all sectors of product manufacturing, the fashion industry is where it runs the most rampant. The market for counterfeit clothing -- items such as textiles, footwear, handbags, and watches -- amounted to $450 billion in 2017 alone [1]. This year, so far, annual sales lost from counterfeiting in the clothing sector equal nearly $30 billion [2]. The fashion industry is currently fighting a unique uphill battle, against both counterfeit and knockoff goods. And, as the market for counterfeit and knockoff clothing, shoes, and accessories grows, so does the need for improved regulations that protect designers’ original works. Despite this, due to present-day outdated legislation, it is very difficult for brands to protect their designs under United States law.

Counterfeit or Knockoff?

In fashion, the term “knockoff” is often falsely employed to describe a counterfeit product, but the two terms actually describe very different things. A knockoff is a product that closely resembles another pre produced item, without being exactly identical to the original. Knockoff clothing and accessories can be purchased from otherwise reputable retailers, for cheaper prices than the original items [4]. Fast-fashion brands, which specialize in quickly manufacturing designs inspired by trending luxury labels, regularly sell knockoff goods at more accessible price points. The crucial difference between counterfeits and knockoffs, is that the latter imitates an established product without infringing on existing copyrights [5]. For this reason, many knockoffs are completely legal. On the other hand, a counterfeit is a product that is nearly identical to another original design. A counterfeit attempts to be an undistinguishable copy of the original, which normally infringes upon a pre-existing trademark [6]. For example, a business that deliberately duplicates the Adidas trademark on shoes is guilty of counterfeiting [7]. While knockoffs are sold through physical retailers, counterfeits are usually marketed online or through street vendors. Online suppliers and vendors of counterfeits frequently mislead customers into believing they are buying authentic luxury goods at drastically lower prices. The production of counterfeit goods is extremely illegal, yet the international market is saturated with them.

Relevant Case

In 2000, at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards, Jennifer Lopez first debuted the (now iconic) vivid green, jungle themed Versace gown. Nearly two decades after that night, the instantly recognizable dress is still widely sought after. In 2019, the Italian luxury brand Versace filed a complaint in the US district court in California against the popular fast-fashion label Fashion Nova. This was not the first time Fashion Nova had received negative attention for replicating a trendy celebrity look, in fact the quick production of copycat designs had become their -- and many others -- forte. Versace alleged that Fashion Nova copied the brand’s “most famous and recognizable” styles, including Lopez’s dress and several additional pieces [8]. Versace believed that the sale of knockoff versions of its styles would confuse potential shoppers. To Versace, consumer belief that the luxury brand was actually affiliated with the fast-fashion company would diminish the brand’s image and ability to conduct business [9]. In the lawsuit, Versace accused Fashion Nova of violating its copyrights and trademarks. Versace believed that its copyright should protect the brand’s original creative works, while its trademarks should protect distinguishable elements like the Versace logo [10].

The lawsuit detailed instances where Fashion Nova allegedly imitated the original jungle dress design: distinguishable elements such as the neckline, leg slit, and circular brooch [11]. It also pointed out instances in which Fashion Nova replicated copyrights and trademarks. Versace’s lawsuit calls Fashion Nova’s designs a “plainly deliberate effort to exploit the popularity and renown of Versace’s signature designs… in order to drive profits and sales to line Fashion Nova’s pockets” [12]. It is not difficult to see why Versace believes its designs were Fashion Nova’s inspiration, considering that the Jennifer Lopez copy was part of an entire collection of celebrity knockoffs released by the brand. The lawsuit continued to January of this year, when Fashion Nova filed a 25 page answer to Versace’s claim in a California federal court. Fashion Nova claimed that Versace’s registrations should be cancelled because the prints in question, jungle and Baracco designs, are not actually original to Versace [13]. Originality is a core requirement for the copyright protection that Versace is claiming to have. For this reason, the California-based brand assets that it did not violate federal copyright and trademark law when selling its designs [14]. Fashion Nova asked the court to declare that it is not infringing Versace’s copyrights or trademarks, and to invalidate six of the Italian brand’s existing copyright registrations [15]. Versace is still currently seeking an injunction to prevent Fashion Nova from designing, selling, or promoting any products that violate its copyrights or trademarks. The lawsuit also calls for Fashion Nova to pay Versace an undetermined sum of money [16]

Current Law

The case of Gianni Versace S.r.l. v. Fashion Nova, Inc. showcases how difficult it is for brands to substantially protect themselves from knockoffs. Since fashion is not adequately protected under American copyright law, it is fairly easy for brands to get away with copying one another. As long as an item is not an identical counterfeit, being passed off as an original, copyright law will often deem it to be acceptable. This is because United States copyright law, written four decades ago, classifies fashion as a manufacturing industry rather than a creative one [17]. In an interview with Vox, Lawyer Doug Hand explains that since American was originally a nation of manufacturers, not designers, fashion was considered a practical industry. So, unlike other innovative fields -- music, literature, and art -- many fashion designs are not seen as creative works in need of copyright protection [18]. The shape, cut, and construction of a garment do not fall within the narrow categorisation of creative expressions accounted to require protection under United States law [19]. In 2007, legislation was first proposed to amend the Copyright Act for fashion designers. The changes aimed to protect unique designs for up to three years and make the production of knockoffs a form of copyright infringement [20]. Five years later, another attempt was made to pass the amendment, renamed the Innovative Design Protection Act, by the Council of Fashion Designers of America. The bill was never brought to a vote [21]. Despite this, there are still some ways that American designers can protect their work. Until national law improves with the rapid growth of the fashion industry, designers must be proactive. By taking the initiative to patent distinct technical aspects of their designs and trademark their companies’ names and logos the best they can, brands can use current copyright law to try to shield themselves from both knockoffs and counterfeits [22].

________________________________________________________________

[1] “The Counterfeit Report: The Big Business of Fakes.” The Fashion Law, 1 Mar. 2020, www.thefashionlaw.com/the-counterfeit-report-the-impact-on-the-fashion-industry/.

[2] O'Connell, Liam. “Sales Value Losses from Fake Goods, by Industry Worldwide 2020.” Statista, 18 May 2020, www.statista.com/statistics/1117921/sales-losses-due-to-fake-good-by-industry-worldwide/.

[3] Zaczkiewicz, Arthur. “Counterfeits, Knockoffs, Replicas: Parsing the Legal Implications.” WWD, WWD, 12 Aug. 2016, wwd.com/business-news/retail/counterfeit-knockoff-replica-legal-10437109/.

[4] Ibid.

[5] Stim, Richard. “Will You Get in Trouble for Selling Counterfeit Goods?” Www.nolo.com, Nolo, 23 Dec. 2014, www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/what-counterfeiting.html.

[6] Zaczkiewicz, Arthur. “Counterfeits, Knockoffs, Replicas: Parsing the Legal Implications.” WWD, WWD, 12 Aug. 2016, wwd.com/business-news/retail/counterfeit-knockoff-replica-legal-10437109/.

[7] Stim, Richard. “Will You Get in Trouble for Selling Counterfeit Goods?” Www.nolo.com, Nolo, 23 Dec. 2014, www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/what-counterfeiting.html.

[8] Gianni Versace S.r.l. v. Fashion Nova, Inc. 2:2019-cv-10074 (C.D.Cal)

[9] Bain, Marc. “Versace's Famed J.Lo Grammy Dress Is at the Center of a New Lawsuit.” Quartz, Quartz, 27 Nov. 2019, qz.com/quartzy/1757151/versace-sues-fashion-nova-saying-it-copied-j-los-grammy-dress/.

[10] Ibid.

[11] Ibid.

[12] Gianni Versace S.r.l. v. Fashion Nova, Inc. 2:2019-cv-10074 (C.D.Cal)

[13] “Fashion Nova Responds to Versace Lawsuit with 32 Defenses, 2 Counterclaims and a Vow to Fight.” The Fashion Law, 1 Apr. 2020, www.thefashionlaw.com/fashion-nova-responds-to-versace-lawsuit-with-32-defenses-2-counterclaims-and-a-vow-to-fight/.

[14] Ibid.

[15] Ibid.

[16] Bain, Marc. “Versace's Famed J.Lo Grammy Dress Is at the Center of a New Lawsuit.” Quartz, Quartz, 27 Nov. 2019, qz.com/quartzy/1757151/versace-sues-fashion-nova-saying-it-copied-j-los-grammy-dress/.

[17] Lieber, Chavie. “Fashion Brands Steal Design Ideas All the Time. And It's Completely Legal.” Vox, Vox, 27 Apr. 2018, www.vox.com/2018/4/27/17281022/fashion-brands-knockoffs-copyright-stolen-designs-old-navy-zara-h-and-m.

[18] Ibid.

[19] Humphreys, Gabriel. “Counterfeit: Counterculture to Couture.” Varsity Online, 2 June 2020, www.varsity.co.uk/fashion/17807.

[20] “Law on Fashion Knockoffs Not Needed Say Experts.” FashionNetwork.com, in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Law-on-fashion-knockoffs-not-needed-say-experts,636894.html.

[21] Lieber, Chavie. “Fashion Brands Steal Design Ideas All the Time. And It's Completely Legal.” Vox, Vox, 27 Apr. 2018, www.vox.com/2018/4/27/17281022/fashion-brands-knockoffs-copyright-stolen-designs-old-navy-zara-h-and-m.

[22] Ibid.

[Photo Credit] STYLEDUMONDE

[radinapetrova]

LO1 >> Target Audience

#BriefFour

This project aims every person, interested in art. People who can feel deeply and are able to look through the artist’s eyes, to “feel” the love expressed through the sculptures and enjoy it the same way they are enjoying my illustrations, the very first version of these illustrations, which became popular can be seen here: https://www.behance.net/gallery/63075683/Battery-illustrations

People nowadays Vs. People 30 years ago

In the mid-to-late-20th century, the American economy and culture were ripe for 30-year-old men, who — more than European and Japanese — typically landed well-paid careers, bought homes, and supported large families. But since then, getting ahead has become much harder.

What's going on: Today, 30-year-old millennials are more likely to be still living with their parents and, while earning about the same or less than boomers, are typically saddled with college debt.

One consequence: Possible trouble for an older generation that will rely on them doing better.

The background: Millennials now comprise almost a quarter of the population and are the largest generation participating in the workforce. But their median salaries are lower than the prior generation of 30-year-olds, and the financial burdens they carry are heavier, limiting how much their lifestyle can mirror that of their parents:

So far, the trends suggest a break with prior American rites of passage, including marriage and child-bearing. According to some demographers, this break could slow economic growth.

Men are more likely to earn less. In 1975, only a quarter of 25 to 34-year-old men made less than $30K per year, but that number rose to 41% in 2016.

Going deeper: As a measure of upward mobility, 92% of 30-year-olds in 1970 earned more than their parents at that age, according to a 2016 study led by Raj Chetty, a Stanford economist (h/t Roger Lowenstein). But of those who were 30 in 2014, just half earned more.

Chetty attributed most of this erosion to slower GDP growth and a change in the distribution of GDP favoring higher earners: GDP would have to rise by 6% a year to get the same impact, he said, and wealth would have to be distributed much more evenly.

In other words, Chetty suggested, it has become much, much harder for young lower- and middle-income workers to earn as much of the nation's growing wealth as they once did.

Today, 30 year olds are:

Living with their parents: In 1975, when the oldest Boomers were 29, 57% of 18 to 34- year-olds lived with a spouse in their own household. Even as late as 1990, almost half lived with a partner. But in 2016, 31% were living in their parents’ home, making it the new, most common living arrangement for young adults, according to Census data.

Paying more for college: In 1975, college tuition cost $2,450 for public, four-year colleges (in 2017 dollars). In 2017, it was almost $10,000, according to CollegeBoard.

In more debt: In 1989, less than 20% of families had student debt, compared with 41% in 2013, according to the Census. The amount owed almost tripled in that time.

Less likely to be homeowners: 57% of 30 to 34-year-olds were homeowners in 1982, compared with just 45% in 2017.

The impact of significant student debt can be seen in lower marriage rates, according to Dora Gicheva, an economist at UNC Greensboro.

In 2017, 57% of millennials were never married. In 1985 — when boomers were around the same age — only a third had never been married, Pew Research's Richard Fry told Axios. Even accounting for unmarried living partners does not make up the difference, he said.

Having fewer children: When Boomers were in their 20s, the fertility rate was 2.48, well beyond the replacement level of 2.1. Today, it is just 1.76.

When a recent survey asked why they were having fewer kids, most young adults said “child care is too expensive.”

“Millennials are more risk averse than earlier generations at the same age. People 50 or even 25 years ago didn’t wait to be ‘financially well established’ before starting a family. Now it’s considered irresponsible not to.”

— Richard Jackson president of the Global Aging Institute, told Axios

Exceptions:

Opportunity for 30-year-old women has improved, which contributes to falling fertility rates, says Eric Kaufmann, a professor at Birkbeck College.

Millennial women are likelier to hold a Bachelor’s degree than men.

Women’s pay has increased substantially from one generation to the next

The share of young women who are homemakers has decreased from 43% in 1975 to 14% in 2016, according to Census data.

And the percentage of 25 to 29-year-old African Americans and Hispanics with at least a Bachelor's degree has increased even faster than white Americans since 1980, although a gap still exists, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.

Twice as many African Americans have graduated from college than in 1991 and there has been a 60% increase for Hispanics over the past 20 years.

Still, an income gap between young, white Americans and racial minorities has persisted. Median income for African Americans between the ages of 25 and 34 as a percentage of white Americans has hovered around 75% since 1974.

How dating has changed over the last 100 years

Some people look back fondly on dating, generations ago, with romantic ideas of greater morality and better values. Others think that with all of the online apps and matchmaking websites we have today, it's never been easier to play the field.

But each era of dating in the past century was not without its pros, its cons, and its own set of unspoken rules. From the turn of the 20th century, to the present day, romantic relationships have been an evolving part of culture, just like everything else.

Dating becomes a thing

The concept of dating really began at the turn of the 20th century. Prior to the late early 1900s, courtship was a much more private, unemotional affair. Women would meet with several men, with her parents present, to whittle the pickings down to the most suitable match for marriage, which heavily relied on factors such as financial and social status. When a young woman decided on a man she wanted to see exclusively, their activities as a couple took place either in the household, or at social gatherings. At that time, there was no such thing as just two young lovers "going out on a date."

However, this began to change in the early years of the 20th century, when couples began to go out together in public and unsupervised. Still, the ultimate and very apparent goal was still that of marriage. This stands in stark contrast to today's dating world, when the topic of marriage may not be brought up for several years.

The gentleman caller

The first decade of the 20th century was marked by the figure of the gentleman caller. If a young man was interested in a young woman, he would follow the proper protocol of calling upon her, which meant that he would come to the family's home and (hopefully) be welcomed into their parlor. If he was invited back for subsequent visits, he would be free to come and call upon the young woman during hours specified by her parents.

As the years rolled on into the 1920s, however, this system quickly became outdated and unfavorable. Author Beth L. Bailey writes in her book From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth Century America, "Dating had almost completely replaced the old system of calling by the mid-1920s — and, in so doing, had transformed American courtship." This was a period of time when couples started going out on dates, which also meant they started paying for dates. This changed the relationship dynamic between a young man and a young woman, as now it was the man's duty to pay for the date, whereas before it was the woman who decided the terms of the visit.

Courtship vs. dating

The fundamental difference between courtship and dating is that of freedom. While traditional courtship had its own set of rules and rituals, dating, as it evolved, became less structured. Courtship was seen as a fundamental part of a well-functioning society. When people started dating, relationships became less restricted and more personal.

So what instigated this cultural shift? In Jodi O'Brien's book, Encyclopedia of Gender and Society, Volume I, she writes, "Different institutions were becoming more prominent in the lives of young men and women, such as school, college, and workplaces, which exposed them to a large pool of potential dating partners. As a result, the purpose of dating was primarily to have fun, not to find a marriage partner. However, couples would form after several dates if they were interested in having more exclusive relationships." This starts to resemble what we would now conceive of as modern dating, and the ritual of courtship was left in the dust.

A proper match vs. falling in love

With the introduction of dating also came the focus on falling in love, rather than finding a society-approved match. In previous years, love was not seen as being of central importance to a marriage, and if it was to come it would emerge after the wedding had already occurred. But with the introduction of dating came an increased desire for romance and love before deciding to commit to marriage.

This concept, explained in depth in The Oxford Companion to United States History, goes, "By the early nineteenth century, couples began to consider romantic love prerequisite for marriage and based their unions on companionship. The era's fiction frequently drew on love themes, while articles, essays, and public orations stressed mutual respect, reciprocity, and romance as ingredients of good marriages. Young courting couples chose their own partners, and their letters focused on romance rather than on the practical matters that had dominated the correspondence of earlier generations." The desire to climb the social ladder or to secure one's place in society fell by the wayside, and the desire to find a favorable longterm partner took its place.

Going steady

In the 1950s, "going steady" was the term for being in an exclusive relationship. This status was about the relationship, sure, but it was also about standing out amongst your peers. According to the University of California, Santa Barbara, "Across university campuses, couples publicized their decision to 'go steady' when the man gave the woman an article of his clothing to wear, such as a jacket, sweater, or ring." Dating had become much more about youth culture than about family expectations.

The way in which two people experienced sexuality when dating also shifted. In the earlier part of the 20th century, sex and sexuality were not openly discussed. As author Jodi O'Brien put it, "Sex was desexualized" and reserved for marriage, when the couple had entered into a spiritual union with God. As dating gradually became more about personal pleasure throughout the decades, the expression of sexuality became much more commonplace.

According to the Oxford Companion to United States History, "The terms 'necking' and 'petting' — the former referring to kisses and caresses above the neck, the latter to the same below it — entered public discussion, giving names to previously unspoken private activities." Now when we think of the '50s, we tend to think of a period of purity and the Stepford Wife ideal, but in actuality, it was a time of sexual change that ended up resulting in a dramatic increase in population.

Free love

Between the popularization of rock 'n' roll, and protesting the Vietnam War, 1960s youth culture was hot for revolution. Not only was it the activities of the US government that young people were resisting, but they were shirking old social conventions as well. If the '50s saw young people starting to experiment with sex, the '60s was the resulting explosion of sexual activity in the name of freedom.

For a long time, sex was either not discussed or seen as a kind of enemy — a destroyer of young girl's reputations. But this stopped being the case with the hippie generation. America in the 1960s author Edmund Lindop describes the sexual shift of the period, "For youth of the 1960s, such restrictions were a thing of the past. Many young women took birth control pills to prevent pregnancy. They freely explored their sexual feelings. Sex before marriage was no longer taboo. Young people extolled the benefits of "free love"— that is, making love without marriage or long-term commitments."

There were no rules for dating anymore. Young people did what they wanted, when they wanted, and modern-day "hook up" culture began.

Dating and tech

The next major change in dating started with the introduction of matchmaking services and the internet. But the concept of online dating was being worked out way before the general public even had access to the internet. In 1965, two Harvard students created what is known as "Operation Match" to make dating easier for young people.

The "World Wide Web" officially became available to everyone in 1991, and online dating websites were soon popping up all over the place: Match.com was officially founded in 1995. And it was at the turn of the 21st century that people also began using Craigslist as a way of linking up with other people romantically. Shortly after, sites like OKCupid followed.

Millennial dating

In 2017, you can't turn your head without finding someone who has at least one dating app on their phone: Tinder, Plenty of Fish, and Bumble, to name a few. While some people think this approach to dating really works, others collectively sigh at the thought of the current dating game. So why are so many millennials complaining that dating nowadays is just too frustrating and complicated, when technology was supposed to make it easier?

The individual has become more and more important in today's culture than ever before, and technology has played a big role in that. Just think of the concept of the selfie. This generation is much more focused on themselves than previous generations. Combined with the casual culture of hooking up, one night stands, and friends with benefits, actually finding someone to seriously date can be difficult. Millennials simply have so many options that "going steady" can be a hard pitch to sell.

Is dating getting worse or better?

There is a case for both sides of this argument. Nowadays, we have more freedom to choose how we live our lives. We make up our own rules (or lack thereof) and are allowed so many options in how we wish to interact with romantic partners.

However, this is exactly what makes dating in 2017 so difficult. What does the other person want? Are they looking for something real or are they just trying to have fun? Are there any mind games going on here? Today's dating world is certainly a maze, but that doesn't mean that love doesn't still happen. Whether you meet on Tinder, or you meet at a bar, you can end up finding "the one."

Source: https://www.thelist.com/62575/dating-changed-last-100-years/?utm_campaign=clip

[hypnoticharlequin]

Do Not Open- Brainwashing Facts!

I have a lot of nostalgia for those “alternative” children’s educational books. You know the ones, they would often purport to contain only the “weirdest” or the “grossest” facts about a topic in the hope that it would spur you to learn about all the history and biology you refused to learn in school.  

The pinnacle of the genre has to be the “Horrible Histories” series which spawned several series of books, including a few covering other academic fields and even a full-fledged TV show. 

I still have a few of these books around the place, mostly because they tend to turn up spectacularly cheap in second-hand book shops and quite a few of them are pretty amusing to read through due to how quickly outdated they can become. 

Recently I picked up one entitled “Do Not Open: An Encyclopedia Of The World’s Best Kept Secrets.” When I spotted it I had a peek at the contents to see what secrets I could hope to find in this weighty tome. Most of the book was the usual stuff, the pyramids, what goes into making a plane, spies, and weird animals. But then I spotted one specific entry. 

Well, how could I turn that offer down? 

So join me as we find out just what we are teaching our kids about brainwashing. 

All the pages in this book work as double page spreads and they are all delightfully themed, so that really sets this book apart. Also, this book isn’t messing around going straight to Robert Jay Lifton. I can’t do his work justice in a succinct manner, so I fully suggest you go read his books, but he is pretty much the authority on thought manipulation. One slight issue I have to raise is that Lifton isn’t a fan of the term brainwashing and used the term “thought-reform”. 

But the guide they give is short but pretty correct and it doesn’t shy away from the darker realities of the process. 

The other half of the spread is a picture and a list of techniques for brainwashing. Now it’s debatable if you consider all of these brainwashing or merely persuasion techniques (and that is a really fuzzy boundary), but it does cover all of the major ones. 

Even hypnosis gets a mention! 

This is a slightly weird description of hypnosis honestly. It feels like it is talking about a specific scene or situation but here it is presented devoid of context. Also, it doesn’t explain how this could be used as part of the brainwashing, almost like it presumes the audience already know what you do with hypnosis.

Now, you may have spotted the cross-reference at the bottom of the page, and yes there is a section on the unconscious mind. However, it does not cover hypnosis instead it focuses on sleep paralysis, dreaming, nightmares, sleepwalking, and deja vu. 

The only other mention of hypnosis is this brief one in the section on reincarnation (which is one of the more unusual topics this book covers)

The highlight of this image for me is the wonderful color coordination between hypnotist’s hair, hypnotist’s outfit, hypnotist’s chair and subject. Maybe this hypnotist has a dress code for his subjects. Because nothing says “relaxing environment” more than a deep, heavy brown. 

Overall I’m actually really impressed by Do Not Open. Sure it is a bit silly and some parts of it are a little odd, but I would have loved this book when I was a kid and I give it credit for actually covering a topic I never see covered in these books. 

[topbeautifulwomens]

#Is #Your #Trade #Show #Booth #A #Boom #Or #A #Bust? #celebrity #earrings #fashiondaily #green #hairstyles #happy #hollywood #instadaily #live #makeupblogger

Absolutely everyone’s been to a exchange show and considered “that booth.” The one sitting down all by yourself in the corner with a number of bored-hunting folks powering the counter; the booth that seems to be like it was motivated by Lucy Van Pelt’s psychiatry kiosk in Peanuts; or the exhibit so overflowing with goods that consumers are not able to properly wander from here to there. A undesirable trade show booth stands out in the group, nevertheless it does not pull in company! Right here are six indicators that can notify you your clean booth is regarding to go bust!

1) Foot Site visitors

Trade demonstrates and expos are all about foot site visitors. As soon as you purchase the sort of foot traffic corresponding to your focus customer foundation or people who come in with smart, truthful inquiries, you can really feel rather confident that your booth is carrying out specifically what you created it to do. On the other hand, if your foot traffic is composed largely of people wandering via seeking guidelines to the meal court docket, restrooms, or worst of all, one more booth, some thing is possibly poorly out of whack with your exhibit. Of system, it truly is also feasible that you may possibly be established up in the incorrect trade show for what you happen to be making an attempt to achieve.

two) Signage

Very good signage is as easy to pick out as poor trade exhibit signage. Good signage functions clear, concise messages in hues that never conflict or “clash” with one another and is commonly obvious from a reasonable length absent. If your signage goes in for a great deal of neon or opposing colors this sort of as red and blue, has the total Encyclopedia Britannica created on it, or is tough to see two booths away, something’s off. Folks stay away from booths with bad signage regardless of whether consciously or not. Create positive your sign is sending all the proper messages!

a few) Area

If all you’re submitting is flyers and leaflets, you is not going to require a very elaborate set up for your trade show booth. A straightforward “lemonade stand” booth have to be far above enough. That includes your principal items, specifically if they are substantial or cumbersome, needs a different strategy. Getting the offered area to your greatest gain is basically as essential as any other issue of your trade show exhibit. Beresult in it’s the very first thing prospective customers be aware, wise use of your space can aid produce foot traffic and income or contracts for you!

four) Decoration

Your decor should be appropriate to what you’re promoting. Whilst this should not come as any shock to anybody with a basic master of aesthetics, there is certainly constantly a person who insists on setting a massive-block 4five4 motor on white plush carpet or featuring cosmetics and other cosmetic products towards a backdrop of Astroturf. The visible indigestion this can cause subconsciously steers people away from your booth given that the contrasts are also abnormal. This doesn’t suggest your space shouldn’t be inviting, but the decoration you pick should boost and spotlight your product, not create several visual white sounds that distracts from it.

5) Consumer Foundation

Being aware of and realizing who your customers are and their acquainted styles and behaviors helps make a big distinction in deciding on every single aspect of your trade show booth. People in out of doors or labor-intense fields which includes structure are more heading to feel at property in an atmosphere that mimics their usual performing terms even though mixing them with a “softened,” more calm spatial dynamic. Equally, people who work indoors such as lawyers, writers, and department staff will be more comfortable in homely but businesslike surroundings. Knowing how your customers consider and act is a magic formula part of making a fantastic trade show booth.

six) Demographics

Here’s regarded in different ways from customer base, because as much as we might all like to fake it’s not so, age and other socioethnic motives do play a function in who purchases what. If your target customer is a heart-outdated Caucasian male, possibilities are you are going to arrange your merchandise, details, and other variables of your possibly a tiny differently than you might for a younger African-American female. Survey your client demographics cautiously, and then put into action your design appropriately.

The post Is Your Trade Show Booth A Boom Or A Bust? appeared first on Beautiful Women.

source http://topbeautifulwomen.com/is-your-trade-show-booth-a-boom-or-a-bust/

[fidelm1803601-blog]

✅ Mother From The Bride Dresses In New Fabrics, Styles And also Colors For The

Becoming a surrogate mama entails bunches of losing for both you and the designated few. For the time being, business could grab. Final month Thailand outlawed surrogacy solutions for immigrants adhering to several detractions, including an Australian couple that allegedly deserted a child with Down disorder along with his Thai mom however had his healthy and balanced paired property along with all of them. Customarily the little ones are going to deliver gifts from florals and chocolates to their mommy. To pivot that up, the savings supplied on such on the web internet sites are profitable as well as given that the items are house supplied, you could avoid an included pressure. Another close friend, which had organized her personal wedding ceremony without help or even economic support, possessed her husband's mama review every choice that she created her child's Bar mitzvah Instead of featuring her in on the preparation of her only little one's wedding, my pal only ceased covering the particulars with her. If you do not observe your mother typically, she would probably cherish spending some time with you performing something she appreciates. The Oriental underclass is developing as the economic slump proceeds and single mother family members raise. Inning accordance with LAM, a mom could count on breastfeeding for protection coming from maternity if she can respond to no the observing three questions.

Everybody mocked me. Another person claimed, All men in the community, outdated or younger are ready to create your mama happy. This had years, and a final threat of disposing my spouse off back along with her mother just before my partner determined to resist her mama nd tell her to back off. The various other significant trouble along with crowdsourcing is actually that (unlike the venerated and very early Encyclopedia Britannica, as an example) there is actually no classmate testimonial wherefore Web writers uphold. Check out these backgrounds and also spiritual resources to find even more regarding the task from the womanly divine, as embodied by the Wonderful Mama. One vital trait to bear in mind is actually that if a mother is actually seeking online work, be actually additional careful. He is successful for all the ideal reasons-- up until now-- as he appears to be some of the good guys within this, many times controversial supplementsport12.info online business niche market. You must explain along with the Groom's mommy when she select her dress, reminding her from rule and colors. Diva Website design is currently branching out right into other areas and also is currently piloting Wedding event - an internet wedding ceremony services listing, which it wishes to sue and operating due to the side of the year.

[brittanyzaita-blog]

Week 6: Environmental Justice

In the Ted Talk, “Greening the Ghetto,” Majora Carter elaborates on a solution to the preexisting issues regarding environmental justice. Carter believes that the long accepted notion that sustainability is not feasible in large cities is outdated. She explains that the lack of a will for sustainable development is a result of policymakers not having a vested interest in the neighborhoods which lack sustainable characteristics. Carter speaks heavily on the issue of environmental justice. She talks about the injustice and the unfairness in many of these highly populated cities having very low parks to people ratios, and having a very high density of power plants and waste facilities within their area. Carter explains how this problem has deep-rooted historical ties to racial discrimination by highlighting the “white flight” which occurred in the Bronx and allowed once well kept neighborhoods to become degraded as a result of the city’s urban red-lining techniques which dictated low-income areas which would preferentially not receive development. Carter also recalls the development of major highway systems by Robert Moses, in which they ordered slum clearances and built through entire neighborhoods, leaving many families in the South Bronx displaced from their homes. These examples show how race and social class play a large role to the amount of access you have. The economic degradation of certain areas leads to the environmental degradation as well as the social degradation of these areas. The urban design and crowding of many of these low-income or minority communities, causes these people to continue to live in poverty and crime, poses a threat to their health, limits their access to nature, and keeps them in a low socioeconomic field with little mobility. Carter suggests an approach using comprehensive planning, which will benefit all three stakeholders, and will give an added benefit to these communities. Her plans for sustainable development include the incorporation of parks and nature, and using elements of nature to counteract  negative environmental impacts such as pollution and obesity. (Carter, Greening the Ghetto) The concept of environmental justice came to life around the time of the 1960’s civil rights movement and the 1970’s and 1980’s environmental awareness movements. The environmental justice seekers wanted to highlight the fact that the poor and minorities are affected more by pollution and other environmental burdens than any other community. The discrimination in this fact is subtle because not many people are aware of the issue, and also  because many people outside of poor and minority communities are ignorant to what life is like for those people. The role of economic development used to lie solely in the hands of businessmen, politicians, and scientists. The field of urban planning and development was often seen as too complex for the average person to understand, and so the needs of the average person inhabiting the urban area were not met. Instead, the businessmen, politicians, and scientists were able to tend to their own interests and implement designs that would make the most money. The mode of ethical reasoning here is cost-benefit analysis, where the developers wanted the best design at the best price with the most profit. To an extent, this is still the case today, as developers and businessmen are still seeking profit, but they are largely hindered by the average person’s education in the field of urban planning and development and the push for sustainable development projects. The phrase coined during the civil rights era, “Not in My Backyard,” was a movement in which wealthy communities wished to push the factories and waste facilities out of their neighborhoods. The environmental justice advocates who play a big role in attaining justice for low-income and minority communities are still fighting against the wealthy who have a concentrated amount of power and political/social authority. The businessmen, politicians, and scientists are all coming under fire and receiving public scrutiny for their projects which are largely rooted in self interest and economic gain. This is because facilities such as power plants and waste facilities which pose severe environmental risk to the local communities, as well as to the larger community, have people more aware and concerned. This awareness has an affect on decision-making and largely determines the fate of these communities. It makes it increasingly difficult for business and environmental justice advocates to work together when their ideas are radically opposed. However, businesses which are open to exploring alternative mechanisms of development which are sustainable and which also fuel the economy, can successfully work with environmental groups to propose a middle ground solution.   Though the concept of working together seems good in theory, it is more difficult in practice, since social movements do not tend to have much leverage in policy making. The effect of policy is often the most impactful in these low-income and minority communities. If the policy favors the neglect and furthering of economically-beneficial development, then these communities will continue to increase in poverty, crime, and decrease in access to good health, recreation, and socioeconomic mobility. The environmental justice movement has come far in terms of policy and is most-well known for the Clean Water Act of 1972 which regulated the dispensation of pollutants which would then access water supplies. Though this law has been in place and has been enforced throughout the years, still occurrences like the crisis in Flint, Michigan are making headlines. The city of Flint, Michigan has many residents who are below the poverty line, and is home to the largest General Motors plant in America, but they also suffer from lead tainted and chemically toxic water supplies. Though we have a law in America to prevent this kind of pollution and a responsibility to protect the health of all citizens, the problem in Flint, Michigan still goes unsolved. (McQuaid, Unwelcome Neighbors: How the Poor Bear the Burdens of America's Pollution) The environmental justice movement is spreading into policy regarding environmental protection and is largely monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The concept of environmental justice combines civil rights and environmentalism and assures that everyone deserves equal access to nature. The EPA believes that all people should receive protection from environment and health threats, and that all people should be included in the decision making process with respect to the environment in which they live. The ethical considerations made by the EPA are further extended with the concepts of intergenerational justice and virtue ethics. The concept of virtue ethics promotes a person’s values and well-being by the exertion of their positive values in their everyday lives. This means that a person should live a virtuous life, which breeds aspects of good character, and promotes a more inclusive way of coexisting with our natural surroundings. An example of this would be taking the virtue of generosity, and applying it to situations in your daily life, such as buying a gift for a friend who is low on funds lately. The concept of intergenerational justice is that we should provide justice between generations. This means that we have a responsibility to make ethical considerations for the generations to come. An example of this would be to live more sustainably in hopes of preserving natural resources for future generations. (Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy)

Word Count: 1200

How can we bring together environmental justice advocates, businessmen, and policy-makers to develop better plans for sustainable development in large urban areas?