#implied kw

[insinirate]

woo

[coochiequeens]

Just the trans cult comparing their cosmetic procedures to people with real medical conditions.

By Amy Hamm June 29, 2024

A trans-identified male in British Columbia, Canada, is suing the provincial Ministry of Health after it refused to fund the out-of-country vaginoplasty he demanded be performed in Bangkok, Thailand.

The man, referred to only as KW in legal documents due to a publication ban on his name, originally lodged a complaint at the BC Human Rights Tribunal (BCHRT) in 2019 alleging discrimination. KW claimed that being denied funding for the out-of-country surgery was akin to sex-based discrimination on the basis of his transgender status.

In his legal complaint, KW insisted that a female would not have been denied the same laparoscopic sigmoid colon vaginoplasty — a procedure that is sometimes performed on females who are born with exceedingly rare disorders of sexual development. The surgery includes utilizing sections of harvested colon tissue to craft the appearance of a vulva and vagina.

KW claimed that he was unable to apply for the surgery because he could not find a specialist to complete his application form, and argued that a female could have accessed a gynecologist to do so.

The BC Ministry of Health (MOH) sought to dismiss KW’s claim on the basis that it held no reasonable chance of success, but was denied in a May 10, 2024 ruling. The matter will now be scheduled for a hearing.

The Ministry argued that they did not discriminate against KW, deny him medical care, or treat him differently “than any other beneficiary who requests out of country medical services.” They also noted that KW did not fully complete his application for surgery, adding that vaginoplasty procedures are available in Canada “and as such, the public health system was not obligated to fund the service [he] was seeking overseas.” 

The MOH gave approval for KW to undergo a fully-funded vaginoplasty at GrS Montreal in October of 2017. However, months later in January of 2018, KW applied to the MOH to instead fund his surgery in Bangkok, Thailand.

He was advised that the application had to be completed by a BC specialist, and not the plastic surgeon from Thailand.

A letter from the Ministry read: “When surgery is available in Canada, the attending specialist in BC may recommend surgery outside Canada. The specialist must include peer reviewed medical articles with the application to confirm surgery outside Canada will result in a significant difference in success. The recommendation for surgery is sincerely respected; however as surgery is available in Canada, provincial coverage was not approved for surgery in Thailand.”

Ultimately, KW never completed his application and accepted the vaginoplasty at GrS Montreal on January 6, 2020. The hospital performs penile inversion vaginoplasty, in which penile tissue is “flipped” to create a vagina-like canal. This is the most common vaginoplasty technique in North America.

BCHRT panel member, Shannon Beckett, wrote in her May decision that the tribunal is also going to consider discrimination on the basis of gender identity, though KW did not allege this in his filing. She argued that the Ministry of Health made a “problematic” statement when they refuted KW’s claim about females accessing this type of procedure. Beckett appears to have taken specific issue with the Ministry’s explanation that vaginoplasties are “rarely performed on cisgender women, and only in cases where it is medically necessary (i.e. due to disease or injury).”

Beckett wrote that the Ministry’s usage of the term “medically necessary “ has “implied that where transgender women are seeking the same surgery, it is not in cases ‘where it is medically necessary.’ This argument appears to be based on stereotypical and outdated ideas about the nature and reason for gender-affirming surgery. There is no indication in the context of this complaint that the gender-affirming care KW was seeking was not medically necessary.”

This argument is reminiscent of a 2019 procedural decision by BCHRT member Devyn Cousineau wherein she referred to notorious trans activist Jessica Yaniv having his male testicles waxed by unwilling women as “critical gender affirming care.”

The hearing dates for KW’s suit against the BCHRT have not been scheduled, and it will likely take months if not years as the BCHRT is facing an enormous backlog of almost 5,000 active files.

This case is not the first of its kind in Canada. Earlier this year, and as reported by Reduxx, an Ontario man successfully sued the Ontario Health Insurance Plan to have the province fund an experimental surgery in Texas that will leave him with his penis as well as a surgically created “neo-vagina.”

The man in this case broke his own publication ban when he posted about his diaper fetish on Reddit, and openly admitted he was the individual documented in the highly-publicized case. 

[scienter]

"I decided at the end of season two that eventually Stefan and Caroline would be getting together and that this was the beginning of a long, long, long, long arc for them. I didn't care how long it took, if it took five years, that the show would end with them together." - J.Plec(Sept,2024 Hollywood Reporter)

Didn't she and Kevin decide, during s2,while sitting at a mall in Atlanta, that the brothers would die together in the end? Didn't she imply a few months back Ste***a would have ended up together if Nina didn't leave? Nina was able to leave after s6 because her contract was over.Julie knew when Nina's contract would end.She knew tvd was commissioned to be a six season show.What she didn't know possibly that the show would get a 7th season or an 8th.So how exactly was she going to execute either of these three endings or all of them for that matter if the show didn't get picked up?I get that showrunners have to lie,obfuscate at interviews when the show is on but now after all these years it's obvious she's just talking the talk for attention.

I haven’t heard that mall story about JP and KW deciding the series finale in season 2. I just know that JP wanted Stefan and Caroline to hook up for a long time, and she made it happen after KW left the show.

There are a lot of factors that go into show renewals, but a major one is ratings. TVD was one of the most popular shows on the CW, so I imagine JP was fairly confident that they’d get at least 6-8 years like other popular CW shows. (I know those seasons weren't guaranteed, but she had to suspect.) But who knows what the truth is at this point.

[kmze]

Did it ever register to Elena how much Caroline and Bonnie meant to the Salvatores or was she too self-absorbed to see it and even if she did maybe she knew Damon was way too obsessed with her to ever move on?In that case, stefan would have been the real challenge for her.He moved on from Katherine but his obsession with human katherine fantasy stayed that he wanted to recreate with Elena.So when plec says 'if Nina had not quit',do you think elena would have capitalised on that to get Stefan back?She already tried to rebuild her version of stefan with Amnesia Stefan, so why not now?

Okay so first question is Elena too self-absorbed to notice the Salvatores were getting closer with her BFFs 100% yes, remember in 5x04 she was like "you did all that for Stefan" when Caroline did all this amnesia research to help Stefan. She had no clue how close they were, which is kind of funny because no humanity Elena definitely did, she was MAD when they were dancing and flirting lol. Then in 6x09 she was shocked when Damon said everything he was doing was for Bonnie. I know JP seems to switch her story up a lot but I don't think she's even concretely said if Nina didn't leave SE would be endgame she's always like "I would have liked to see if we could..." kind of implying she knows deep down she wouldn't have. The problem with SE and trying to bring them back is that Stefan was never going to put Elena over Damon, it's why when SE were a couple in S1/2 Stefan was fine with Damon BEING IN LOVE WITH HIS GIRLFRIEND because it made Damon happy and that's all that matters. There's also the fact that Stefan talked about moving on as early as S3 where Damon never did, Damon could be in love with a woman for 145 years and I feel he just transferred his Katherine obsession to Elena. Stefan never had any interest in being a side piece, if Elena was in love with Damon he would not pine for her, he just has more self respect than that so it's just hard for me to see how they could have brought them back together even with Nina staying.

I just can't see how it would have worked unless they killed Damon and that only could have happened in the finale. It's possible if KW came back to do the final season but I also think JP would need to not be there. JP will never admit this publicly but she did not put SE back together because it would have been bad for Caroline/SC, she friggin' fired Dries for messing with them. She loves them, I think because she feels she's the one who "discovered" them with the 2x02 scene and I think they're more inline with the types of ships she likes. I saw once she shipped Dan/Blair and we know she shipped Joey/Pacey so I think she likes slow burns or "second love tropes." I've seen the video from I think December where she talked about shipping them since 2x02 and how she wanted to honor them and their marriage and that's why KC wasn't endgame, like you can just tell she was genuinely rooting for them. I've seen some people say she said DE and SC were meant to be endgame too but I've never found that video if anyone has it and can share the link I'd love to watch it.

[dreamweavermode]

Thought Misrepresentation: Watchfulness WITH CLOUD MINING

Increasingly more cloud mining ventures are jumping up from the beginning. They guarantee high benefits and little gamble. We make sense of why basically these offers are not generally legitimate in August 2018 and how you can safeguard yourself.

In the beyond couple of days, two instances of cloud mining misrepresentation have arisen: in Macau, Counterfeiter CCMS vowed to fabricate a cryptomining focus in Hong Kong. In confidential rounds, financial backers were offered shares in this mining. The nearby press revealed kindheartedly on the speculation. As indicated by the police, 142 mining contracts with a complete worth of € 2.2 million were finished up. Clients were noticeably fulfilled until installments out of nowhere neglected to emerge in July 2018. The President is currently on the run.

This news comes only days after a comparative case with Sky Mining and its sad financial backers, in which Le Minh Cap, the Vietnamese Chief of Sky Mining, took off with more than $35 million in stole reserves. The trick was something very similar: Financial backers were offered a magnificent interest in cryptomining in confidential discussions, during which fixed sums would be paid out month to month. For a period, the “continues” were really moved. It tends to be guessed that the installments were halted when not any more new financial backers were found. An exemplary Ponzi plot.

Why Kryptomining is no decent interest in 2018

Mining works generally this way: You select the digital money you need to mine. Then you purchase an actual gadget – an apparatus or a GPU. Then, at that point, you join a digging pool for a charge to have a practical possibility being paid out. Then you let the gadget work. So there are two expense focuses: the equipment that must be paid once and the everyday power.

Mining is very straightforward in itself, we can make an expense computation. Allow us to take ether mining for instance.

Mining Equipment: € 2,999.50

Greatest term: 3 years

Limit: 150 MH

Power utilization: 780 Watt

Power costs EU: 12 pennies for each kw/H

This web-based adding machine works out our benefit. This one as well.

Ether each year: 3.96

per ether: € 350 (August 7, 2018)

Yearly pay: € 1,400

Power costs each year: € 819

Benefit without equipment: € 581

Benefit with equipment: € – 419 (equipment discounted from €3,000 more than 3 years)

So it just so happens, Focal Europe Ether Mining right now brings genuine misfortunes. What does the bill resemble with Chinese or Icelandic power costs?

Power costs China: 5 Penny for each KW/H

Yearly pay: € 1,400

Power costs each year: € 341

Benefit without equipment: € 1,059

Benefit with equipment: € 59

This implies that a most extreme return of 5.9% each year can be accomplished even with the least power cost at the ongoing Ether cost. (not yet included upkeep and establishment costs) This generally expects that the Ether cost continues as before.

The most effective method to Recognize Mining Misrepresentation

True blue financial backers are in many cases guaranteed a 10% return each month. Some even 10% each week. We should take a gander at the Ether costs at which this return is conceivable:

10% yield each month: € 734 for every ether

10% yield each week: € 2.078 per ether

It is in this manner clear that the cost for Ether would need to beyond twofold to basically accomplish the least return guaranteed by numerous suppliers. These commitments are extortion.

How Cloud Mining Speculation Extortion Functions

The clueless client is welcomed by companions and colleagues to a talk. There you ought to figure out how to bring in cash with Bitcoin and Co. After an exhausting presentation on digital currencies the speaker shows photos of his vehicle, his home and his yacht, which he could purchase thanks to the framework he is currently presenting. He simply needs to enlighten the respected crowd. Then comes the pitch with cloud mining, the formation of cash all of a sudden. Then the benefit figure: 10% each month.

Yet, it improves: in the event that you enlist somebody who additionally contributes, they get rates! Also, assuming she employs somebody once more, both of you get another rate. Furthermore, indeed, this is network showcasing and we do it solely in light of the fact that it is the promoting structure with which organizations become quickest. You can begin at 500 euros, yet the truly incredible returns start at 5,000 euros. I don’t maintain that you should contribute now. Return home, figure it out, and we’ll chat on the telephone nowadays. (The creator had the joy of hearing precisely such a talk.)

ID elements of a venture misrepresentation

The U.S. Protections and Trade Commission (SEC) has well summed up the elements:

Significant yields with almost no gamble. Each venture conveys some level of chance, and speculations yielding more significant yields normally imply more gamble. Be exceptionally dubious of any “ensured” venture an open door.

Excessively steady returns. Speculations will more often than not go all over the long haul. Have some glaring misgivings about a speculation that routinely produces positive returns paying little mind to by and large economic situations.

Unregistered ventures. Ponzi plots commonly include speculations that are not enlisted with the SEC or with state controllers. Enlistment is significant in light of the fact that it gives financial backers admittance to data about the organization’s administration, items, administrations, and funds.

Unlicensed venders. Government and state protections regulations require speculation experts and firms to be authorized or enrolled. Most Ponzi plans include unlicensed people or unregistered firms.

Clandestine, complex systems. Keep away from speculations on the off chance that you don’t figure out them or can’t get total data about them.

Issues with desk work. Account proclamation blunders might be an indication that assets are not being contributed as guaranteed.

Trouble getting installments. Be dubious in the event that you don’t get an installment or experience issues changing out. Ponzi conspire advertisers here and there attempt to keep members from changing out by offering significantly better yields for waiting.

In 2018: hands off mining. The accompanying applies whenever: Hands off Cloud Mining, where there is no unmistakable, firm proof that there is really mining. Proof by an outsider, not by a decent photograph from the administrator.

[pvpixelchronicles]

Solar Panels for Sale: Unlock Your Path to Affordable Renewable Energy

The environmental effects of using fossil fuels have never been more apparent, and energy prices are rising. Keeping up with monthly electricity bills may be a difficult task for both homes and businesses. Furthermore, conventional energy sources exacerbate climate change by making a significant contribution to carbon emissions.

The challenge then becomes: how can we lower energy costs while making the world cleaner and greener?

Unrealized Potential in Solar Energy Even though there are renewable energy options available, many businesses and homeowners are reluctant to switch. People are frequently held back by worries about up-front expenses, ignorance, or skepticism regarding the dependability of solar energy. But delaying solar energy investment for too long could result in years of needless costs and a higher carbon impact.

The worst part is that solar panels have already been deployed and are benefiting millions of people worldwide. In reality, with more than 70 GW of installed solar capacity as of 2023, India has become a leader in the use of renewable energy. However, there is still a vast amount of unrealized potential.

If you continue to only use conventional energy sources, you're losing out on significant cost savings as well as the opportunity to future-proof your energy needs.

Sale of Inexpensive and Effective Solar Panels Purchasing solar panels is now a wise, essential move towards both financial and environmental sustainability rather than a luxury. Here, we'll go over the essentials of buying solar panels, discuss why this is the ideal time to take action, and present interesting case studies of actual solar panel users.

Solar Panels: What Are They? Photovoltaic (PV) cells are used in solar panels, which are devices that use sunlight to generate electricity. These panels come in a variety of forms, including thin-film, polycrystalline, and monocrystalline, and are often composed of silicon. Their primary benefit is their capacity to capture the sun's plentiful energy and lessen reliance on fossil fuels.

Why Purchasing Solar Panels for Sale Is the Best Option Right Now Reduction in Costs: Over the past decade, the cost of solar panels has plummeted by nearly 80%, making it more accessible than ever. Depending on the manufacturer and technology, the typical cost of a solar panel system for residential installations in India as of 2024 ranges from ₹50,000 to ₹70,000 per kW.

Government Incentives and Subsidies: Depending on your state and the type of installation, initiatives such as the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) subsidies can lower upfront expenses by 20% to 40%. This implies that your initial investment can be much reduced.

Return on Investment (ROI): With a lifespan of more than 25 years, solar panels provide decades of essentially free electricity and usually pay for themselves in 5 to 7 years. In a commercial setting, for instance, a 5 kW system can save companies up to ₹1.2 lakh a year.

Energy Independence: Having solar panels reduces your dependency on the erratic electricity prices of the grid. You will even have electricity during blackouts if you install a battery storage system.

Solar Panel Types Available for Purchase:

Monocrystalline Panels

High effectiveness (18%–22%) Ideal for small roof spaces

Long-lasting but marginally more costly polycrystalline panels:

mediocre effectiveness (15–17%) Economical Perfect for bigger areas

Panels with thin films:

Flexible and lightweight Cheaper but less effective Ideal for setups that are not traditional

A Residential Success Story

Location: Maharashtra's Pune System: ₹1,80,000 (after subsidy) for a 3 kW rooftop solar panel system Savings on electricity bills: ₹24,000 per year

A Pune family made the decision to upgrade their house with solar panels in 2021. They chose a 3 kW monocrystalline system after considering a number of alternatives. Their electricity bill decreased by almost 90% in the first month after the installation, which only took three days.

They had already saved ₹48,000 by 2023 because to the installation, demonstrating the dependability and profitability of solar panels as an investment.

How to Choose the Right Solar Panels for Sale

Determine Your Energy Requirements: To begin, figure out how much electricity you use each month. About 250 kWh are used monthly by the average Indian family, necessitating a 2 kW system.

Assess Roof Space and Orientation: South-facing roofs with less shade are ideal for solar panel installation. Make sure there is adequate room for the necessary capacity.

Examine the warranty and panel efficiency. While more efficiency panels may be more expensive initially, they will perform better over time. Choose panels that come with a minimum warranty of 10 to 25 years.

Verify Certification: To ensure quality and safety, make sure the panels fulfil international standards, such as IEC and BIS certifications in India.

Commercial Solar Panels: Revolutionizing the Business Landscape Because of economies of scale, solar energy may help businesses even more. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) can save up to ₹2.5 lakh a year with a 10 kW solar panel installation. Commercial setups can also benefit from tax advantages like accelerated depreciation, which can cut the effective cost by about 40%.

Gujarati Industrial Solar Setup Case Study

Business: Manufacturer of Textiles System: 50 kW of solar energy Price: ₹25,000,000 (after subsidies) Electricity savings: ₹7,50,000 per year Within four years of the solar system's installation in 2020, the business recouped its initial expenditure. They now save enough money each year to put back into new company ventures.

Dispelling Frequently Held Myths Regarding Solar Panels for Sale Solar Panels Are Too Expensive : Fact: Solar panels are now more inexpensive than ever thanks to financing choices and incentives.

They Don’t Work on Cloudy Days: The truth is that solar panels can still produce power in the presence of diffuse sunlight, but to a lesser extent.

Maintenance Is a Hassle: The truth is that solar panels just need to be cleaned and inspected occasionally.

[heatcoolmasters]

Professional Guidance for Heating and Cooling Services: System Installation and Maintenance

Comfort is the main goal of home heating and cooling services, and routine heating system maintenance is the greatest approach to maintaining comfort. Setting up frequent maintenance services will guarantee improved efficiency and the quickest, quietest heating for your house. Put otherwise, it implies that you won't have to worry about your heater failing on you during the thick of winter.

How AC With a Reverse Cycle Operate?

Let's take a moment to review how reverse cycle air conditioning in Melbourne operates to maintain the ideal temperature in your house. The way a reverse cycle air conditioner operates is by taking in heat energy from ambient air. After that, a cooling coil is pumped with refrigerant to chill the air. The air that passes over this coil is then cooled, circulating the air around your home to provide the ideal temperature for your living area.

It uses a reverse refrigeration cycle to heat your home's interior during the colder months of the year. The refrigerant flow is essentially reversed during that reverse cycle. Many advantages are offered by the reverse cycle procedure in the sweltering summers and bitterly frigid winters.

They Use Very Little Energy

When it comes to energy efficiency, reverse cycle air conditioning systems have become the most popular options for heating and cooling homes. Three kilowatts (kW) of heating or cooling energy may be produced from one kW of electricity.

Its efficiency only keeps getting better, particularly in terms of energy use and cost. Certain versions have sensors that detect the presence of humans in the room and determine whether to turn the unit off or leave it running. This results in heating and cooling that uses less energy. It's crucial to remember that different units may have varying energy ratings and differ in terms of energy efficiency.

Source

[mysticstars02]

KW: Lian Po & Lin Xiangru (Story Cutscenes II)

oh god i just realize somethin (in case for translators: this miiight get confusing). I realize that the two dragos pfp are acting like they're one youkai talking to the generals. In the legit story cutscene, they swap each of the pair (like they switch Lian Po to Lin Xiangru talking, sometimes they put them together yet one of them speak)

i hope the tone of the text are easily to imply which drago is who lol

Stage 4

Stage 5

Stage 6 (Final)

[unm-unsungheroes]

When we walk on freshly mopped floors that have yet to dry, leaving our guilty footprints behind, or when we leave a seat that is already warm and comfortable- with time, it’ll get dry and cold when left alone. It’s the sign of a life, something that can be buried in due time. However, a life can also take something away without waiting for the passage of time.

Food stains are a sign of life. It stays and dries up when left behind for too long, but it can also get wiped off the moment one of the three kakaks of the cafeteria cleaners spots it. Like life, sometimes the things we leave behind won’t stay forever- leaving food stains behind will not be your legacy!

One of life's beauties as it ages is that we can grow closer to the people we surround ourselves with. “Fried kw (2) spicy” is what was written on the green sticker stuck onto the cleaner’s spray, implying a friendly bond between the kakak cleaner and the people from the Chinese stall. 

We move along with the flow of time, like taking one step ahead whenever the queue gets shorter. But if there is a place where time seems to slow down on the campus, where do you think it’d be?

[proheathydronicheating]

Hydronic heating suppliers Melbourne

A high-quality hydronic heating business, Proheat Hydronics specializes in all kind of hydronic installations.We are situated in Melbourne and provide a personalized experience to assist you, the client, in achieving your intended goals. Since no two projects are alike, we handle each one Hydronic heating Melbourne with great attention to detail while working with you to find the finest solutions available. This might be a brand-new construction, an addition to an existing home without heating, or both! Here is where you begin to design the ideal heating system for your needs. Proheat provides a wide selection of hydronic systems made with high-quality European components. Immergas Boilers are the system we prefer to use because at Proheat we only work with the best. We have great confidence in the efficiency of Immergas Boilers since we have years of experience dealing with them and because we have seen Hydronic heating suppliers Melbourne countless delighted customers. We provide the high-efficiency Intec 12 kw, 30 kw, and Victrix high condensing boilers based on your requirements. This device is available as a 30-kw combined domestic hot water and hydronic unit. The 32 kw Immergas system with standard efficiency is also available. All of the boilers we offer are of the best quality and have excellent designs, and they are all built in Italy. You may be confident that they are the finest choice for the water heating system in your home because they are offered and supported by Hunt Heating.

Nothing is worse than not having access to hot water all the time, particularly on the chilly Melbourne mornings. Hence, spend money on a high-quality boiler for your house so that you never again have to take a cold shower. Proheat's team collaborates with you to develop a hydronic system as well as the most effective and efficient approach to heat it using our top-of-the-line Heat Pumps. Both urban and rural projects benefit greatly from the use of heat pumps. You'll never be left out in the cold because our staff Hydronic Heating Installation only uses the greatest electric systems. Immegras Partage Boxes, which are used to divide your property into heating zones, are recommended when we install Immergas Boilers. This implies that you can divide the interior of your house into multiple zones, each of which can have a distinct system and, consequently, a different thermostat. With the help of our partage boxes, you may utilize a single boiler to warm radiators and slab heating to the proper water temperature and with your own pumps. This is a fantastic technique to guarantee the best level of heating efficiency and can ultimately help you save money

[insinirate]

[dorleco]

What is Bidirectional EV charging and How Does It Help Electric Vehicle Owners?

February 5, 2024

 by dorleco

with no comment

 Autonomous Vehicle Technology

Edit

Introduction

To reduce the risk of wildfires, millions of Californians have been without electricity during power safety shutdowns. The inability to use the electricity in their car batteries to power their houses or other essential loads has irritated a lot of electric vehicle (EV) owners. Even though their EV batteries could store energy, they could only use the electricity to run their car and not benefit from Bidirectional EV charging.

More and more EV users can power important loads from their automobiles or by acquiring a wall box unit. Systems for bidirectional charging have many advantages for both homes and utility corporations. When prospective solar consumers have inquiries, it’s important to comprehend what bidirectional chargers are and how they operate. Without depending on a battery, Bidirectional EV charging is a great way to have emergency power during blackouts.

Bidirectional EV charging: What Is It?

Bidirectional EV charging, as the name implies, is EV charging that uses two sources of energy: the grid for battery charging and the battery for delivering electricity for other loads when needed. By adopting bidirectional charging, an EV can assist in powering a residence, place of business, the utility grid, another vehicle, or particular loads.

The Nissan Leaf can now charge in both directions, but to use this electricity for domestic purposes, a power supply center needs to be installed in the house. A home’s electrical panel can receive 9.6 kW of power from the Ford 150 Lightning for a few days. A 100-amp circuit and Ford’s Charge Station Pro are needed for this setup. In addition, the Hyundai Ioniq 5 and 6 have 3.6 kW of electrical capacity.

How does it operate?

In contrast to standard unidirectional EV chargers that charge using AC, a bidirectional charger is a sophisticated EV charger that can charge in both directions. While this may seem fairly straightforward, it involves a complex power conversion process from AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current).

Bidirectional EV charging functions similarly to an inverter, transforming AC to DC while charging and the other way around when discharging, in contrast to conventional EV chargers. Nevertheless, only automobiles that are capable of two-way DC charging can be used with bidirectional chargers. Regretfully, only a very limited number of EVs are available at this time that can charge in both directions; the most well-known example is the Nissan Leaf from later models. Since bidirectional chargers use sophisticated power conversion devices to regulate the energy flow to and from the car, they are also significantly more expensive than standard EV chargers due to their increased sophistication.

Bidirectional EV chargers include technology to control loads and separate a residence from the grid during an outage, a process known as an island, in addition to providing power to a dwelling. Bidirectional inverters, which have been utilized for backup power in residential battery storage systems for more than ten years, and bidirectional EV chargers have a very similar core operating concept.

What Is the Process of Bidirectional EV charging?

While the car is charging, direct current (DC) voltage is created from alternating current (AC) power from the grid. After that, electric vehicle (EV) drivers can use the battery’s energy to power a house or replenish the electrical grid. The electricity must be transformed from DC to AC for this to occur. This is done by a converter in the car or in the charger itself.

One such item is the Wallbox Quasar, a household bidirectional DC charger. It has an app with some energy management functions and a CHAdeMO or CCS Type 1 connector.

When available, V2G capabilities allow EV batteries to be charged using renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. Next, when not in use, the EV uses its batteries to supplement the grid’s power supply, thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions.

Vehicle To Home (V2H)

Using this method, an electric automobile can use its electrical panel to supply electricity to a house or business; this is particularly useful in the event of a power outage. Additionally, by utilizing their EV battery during periods of high energy demand and charging it during periods of cheaper electricity rates, households that pay time-of-use rates could save money.

Vehicle To Load (V2L)

A regular power outlet and an integrated DC-to-AC converter are features of vehicles equipped with V2L capability. It allows users to use the battery’s power by plugging in their loads. The Tesla Cybertruck, Hyundai Ioniq, Ford F150 Lightning, Kia EV6, and Rivian R1T are EVs that have these features.

Vehicle To Vehicle (V2V)

Sadly, the range of EVs limits how far they can go between charges. The range of the car is affected by the EV battery’s capacity, the vehicle’s efficiency, and the outside temperature. Because V2V charging allows one EV to supply some power to another, it can help alleviate range anxiety.

While several automakers are working on this functionality, it is currently limited to the Ford F150 Lightning and Lucid Air.

What Advantages Does Bidirectional Charging Offer?

Utility firms as well as EV drivers can benefit greatly from the ability to use the EV battery for other purposes. In reality, EVs may someday play a significant role in the decarbonization of the grid.

Possible Savings on Utility Bills

Should the nearby utility provide time-of-use rates, the cost of power varies throughout the day in response to demand. Energy costs are usually lowest in the middle of the night and greatest on weekday afternoons and early nights during the summer. Therefore, it is more cost-effective to supply power during periods of high demand and to charge during off-peak hours using solar panels or the grid.

Reserve Power for Outages

In the past year or so, there have been a few significant power outages, such as the Texas Power Crisis in 2021 and the public safety power shutdowns in California that left millions of people without power. During a utility outage, a complete home can be powered by EVs equipped with V2H capabilities. How many loads and how long an electric vehicle (EV) can power a home depends on its battery’s capacity and state of charge.

Energy Not Found in the Grid

EVs with V2L capabilities can plug into an outlet and power designated loads. When camping or in a place without utility electricity, this option might be quite helpful. On job sites, for instance, craftsmen can use power tools.

What Drawbacks Do Bidirectional EV Chargers Have?

Bidirectional EV charging has certain drawbacks in addition to its many benefits. Ongoing research can assist in overcoming these obstacles, though.

How EV Batteries Degrade:

Bidirectional EV charging’s frequent cycles of charge and discharge might hasten battery deterioration and shorten the batteries’ total life in electric vehicles.

The Price and Complexity:

Bidirectional EV charging adds complexity and expense to both the electric car and the charging station since it necessitates certain equipment and infrastructure.

Limited Interoperability of Vehicles:

Grid Stability Concerns:

The electric grid is more unpredictable when vehicles are charging in both directions since they can draw or return electricity at any time. Grid operators may find it difficult to maintain stability and dependability as a result.

Regulatory and Standardization Issues:

The broad adoption of electric vehicles may be slowed down by a lack of established protocols and standards for bidirectional charging, which can impair interoperability across various charging stations.

Energy Dissipations:

There are energy losses during the conversion and transfer of energy between the electric vehicle and the grid. When compared to unidirectional charging, this lowers the overall efficiency of bidirectional charging.

Which Electric Vehicles Can Be Charged Both Ways?

Bidirectional EV charging is a characteristic that only a tiny number of EVs on the US market offer; vehicle-to-grid is the most common. These cars are equipped with two-way charging:

Ford Lightning (models V2G, V2H, and V2V)

Genesis GV60 (V2L)

V2L Hyundai Ioniq 5

V2L Hyundai Ioniq 6

Kia EV6 (V2L)

Kia Niro (V2L)

Air Lucid (V2V)

The V2L Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV

Leaf from Nissan (V2H, V2G)

V2L Tesla Cybertruck

VW ID.4 (V2H)

FAQs Regarding Two-Way Charging

Discover the answers to some of the most frequently asked concerns concerning EV two-way charging by reading on.

What are the advantages for EV drivers of bi-directional charging?

Owners of electric vehicles gain power from bidirectional charging, which transforms their cars into adaptable energy sources. Beyond traditional charging, this technology allows owners to sell excess energy back to the grid, providing potential revenue. Bidirectional EV charging also makes it possible for electric cars to temporarily powerhouses or other EVs during emergencies.

Are bi-directional EV chargers installed in all-electric cars?

No, not every electric car on the road today has a Bidirectional EV charging capability. The design of the car and whether or not it has the required hardware and software for two-way energy transfer determine compatibility.

What problems do EV batteries have with bi-directional charging?

Because bidirectional charging increases the frequency of charge and discharge cycles, it may shorten the overall lifespan of batteries used in electric vehicles by accelerating battery degradation. The longevity of an EV battery will only be significantly impacted by heavy, frequent use, while battery degradation is negligible otherwise.

Can solar batteries be replaced by bi-directional EV chargers?

Although bidirectional charging gives electric cars a way to store extra energy for use at home, solar batteries are still necessary in some situations. The vehicle’s battery is the main component used in bidirectional charging, and it might not have enough capacity for large-scale energy storage. Because they are made to be stationary, solar batteries have greater storage capacity and are therefore more appropriate for storing solar panel energy to provide a steady and dependable power source. Additionally, because it can reduce their mobility, EV drivers might be reluctant to fully drain their batteries during blackouts.

Regarding bidirectional charging, what is true?

Bidirectional EV chargers allow power to flow in two directions, in contrast to standard EV charging systems, which only allow power to flow from a power source to the vehicle’s battery. It makes it possible for electric cars to transmit and receive energy, sharing electricity with other gadgets or even the utility grid.

Two-way Charging Could Revolutionize the Clean Energy Sector

The ability of electric vehicles to transfer excess energy to the grid, other vehicles, or residences could bring about a radical change in how energy is used. The interplay between electric vehicles and the energy ecosystem presents a dynamic and decentralized approach that can enhance grid management efficiency, increase resilience in the event of an outage, and potentially utilize electric vehicles as distributed energy resources, thereby contributing to the development of a more sustainable and adaptable energy landscape.

[scienter]

Until the very end of s7, Caroline and Stefan were still not technically together.So everytime Plec brings up the bathroom scene and talks about them being her long game,I laugh because the story could have absolutely gone in any direction especially after the s7 fiasco.In fact, she could have easily ended the show in that season and had both the brothers die with Nina/Elena making a green-screen appearance and give Stelena an implied endgame/afterlife endgame or whatever with Stefan and Elena declaring their undying love for each other and then had Caroline crossover to The Originals after a time jump.She was engaged to Ric and had two kids at the time.She was willing to leave everything behind anyway.Plec had already killed Cami on TO to clear her path for KC fantasy.She Chose NOT to.She has said somewhere she wanted to honour caroline and stefan's marriage.Didn't she kill Stefan 2 seconds after the vows and came out & said them leaving each other behind was the responsible outcome of a responsible relationship?Is this how you honour someone's marriage?In what world is that acceptable?Each and everything she did/did not do on her show was HER CHOICE.She can blame Candice for getting pregnant and Nina for quitting as much as she wants to.If she truly wanted to do right by SE and SC, she would have done it on the show instead of pandering at conventions and social media.

Until the very end of s7, Caroline and Stefan were still not technically together.

Stefan and Caroline were together at the beginning of season 7. Yes, they broke up in the middle of the season and then got back together at the end. But the writers weren't still doing the will-they-or-won't-they storyline before Caroline gave birth. Stefan and Caroline were solidly a couple. It's a formulaic relationship arc, which is why I found their separation so frustrating (e.g., Luke & Lorelai in season 5 & Dean & Rory in season 1 of Gilmore Girls; Ross & Rachel in season 3 and Phoebe & Mike in season 9 of Friends). I've seen it done way too many times on television, and I think writers should retire it.

Didn't she kill Stefan 2 seconds after the vows and came out & said them leaving each other behind was the responsible outcome of a responsible relationship? Is this how you honour someone's marriage? In what world is that acceptable?

Did JP say that!? Huh, I don't remember. That's an awful way to look at it though.😒 Anyway, it's a horrid ending. Not just for the ship - but for Stefan's character. I've said it before, and I'll say it again: nothing is satisfying with a suicidal character seemingly overcoming their issues only to choose death at the end of the story.

Each and everything she did/did not do on her show was HER CHOICE. She can blame Candice for getting pregnant and Nina for quitting as much as she wants to. If she truly wanted to do right by SE and SC, she would have done it on the show instead of pandering at conventions and social media.

Writers shouldn't have to explain, defend, or justify narrative choices. The plot should make enough sense that it can stand on its own. If it can't then it's a sign that something in the story went wrong. Whether it's JJ Abrams/Rian Johnson having to defend the SW sequels, Chris Carter having to explain the myth arc in the latter seasons of TXF, or JP and KW having to explain the frustrating TVD plotlines - writers having to defend plot twists or narrative decisions is a sign that something isn't working.

I think TV and film writers should consider Kurt Vonnegut's 8 rules for creative writing when drafting their screenplays -- particularly rules #1 and #8:

"Use the time of a total strangers in such a way that he or she will not feel the time was wasted"

"Give your readers as much information as possible as soon as possible. To heck with suspense. Readers should have such a complete understanding of what is going on, where and why, that they could finish the story themselves, should cockroaches eat the last few pages."

Vonnegut's advice is meant for short stories, but I think screenwriters would piss off fewer people if they applied it. Enough with plot twists and surprising the audience. Just don't write stories that confuse the audience or make them feel that the story was pointless.

While the pandering to various shippers within the fandom is annoying, I understand why JP does it: she was to keep the competing factions engaged with the material. (Of course, they wouldn't have so many competing factions if they didn't write so many love triangles . . .) And regardless of what's said or implied in interviews, on Twitter, or conventions the story on screen doesn't change. It is what it is.

[kmze]

So I saw people say that there’s an rumored alternative ending wherein they compel both Stefan and Elena to have a normal human life and then it was implied a SE endgame and that ending doesn’t makes sense to me because I doubt Caroline and especially Stefan would agree on letting Stefan be compelled to forget..unless Caroline dies but like even if Caroline dies I don’t think Stefan wants to forget everything either so idk what’s your thoughts on this

LOL is that what people are calling it now "alternative ending" it was fake-spoilers that came out like a dozen other accounts weeks before the finale. I think they even threw the "this might change because I told everyone but this is what was really supposed to happen" because people are unbelievably gullible. As far as if it could have happened sure it could have especially after making Stefan human, the key is they did not because there was no way to make it work without hurting Caroline's ending. They could have had Stefan and Caroline not get back together after he turned human (because I think the wedding solidified SC even JP has said that) then Damon sacrifices himself and Caroline compels Stefan and Elena to forget everything and everyone in Mystic Falls and you get a future scene of them running into each other in some random town because "fate of the doppelgangers" always find each other. It's not a matter of if they'd give Caroline permission because if they were both completely distraught over Damon she'd just do it with Bonnie's help. She'd probably convince Stefan it would be the safest thing for him to do and maybe she'd use the speech she used on Tyler like "tell me that you'll forget about me, tell me that you are gonna go on and live a full and happy life without me" while compelling him.

Fandom in general needs to learn what Occam's Razor is, it is the idea that the simplest explanation is the most likely. There's been three showrunners who have come out since the finale aired to confirm the same detail that Stefan was not supposed to die, Damon was the original death and the whole season was planned around that until KW came back around 8x11 and made them change it. Julie Plec, Kevin Williamson and Brett Matthews all confirmed this and their stories always match. That is the only "alternative ending" that exists and even that wasn't written or filmed there was simply a fail safe in there. If Stefan was going to die he had vervain in his system, if Damon was going to die he wouldn't and the Defan scene at the end would have just been Stefan meeting Damon.

[mathamaniac]

@crazy-pages I am still interested in this idea that *California* is paying firms to increase electricity consumption. Most customers are separated from the wholesale market, which means that it is extremely rare (afaik) for the locational marginal price to be paid by a firm who might be able to turn on a furnace to idle (&c).

When locational marginal prices become negative, that is an artifact of the CAISO market mechanism by which Load Serving Entities organize their purchases from Independent Power Producers. For example, if PG&E faces a price of $35/MW, then any power plant in the area who sells any will receive $35 for each MW put into the grid. When there is a negative price, the power plants end up sending a check to PG&E. (Again, this is a rare and transitory scenario.) CAISO is more like a clearinghouse where utilities and power-generators can meet & bargain.

Negative prices are not an issue that end use customers would ever know or care about, really. I would be totally fascinated by a writeup of any story where utility customers were prompted to use more power as a Demand-Response balancing strategy!

...

Respectfully, I also think you’re mistaken about the threshold of negative prices being a sufficient condition to imply damage to the grid. Pricing is a signal used to determine which power plants are allowed to generate power. In a world where a plant's contribution is going to cause overloaded transmission lines, CAISO would direct the plant to cease operations. Prices turn negative reflect the desire of Power Plants not to be the one told to shut down. For example, a coal power plant might be willing to pay a small amount per KW to be allowed to continue producing because ramping up and down production takes a long time. If the coal plant is told not to produce, they will not be available to generate power later in the day, when their contribution is needed.

You would hear on the news if CAISO had been implementing rolling blackouts to avoid overload due to negative prices. Everybody would be mad about it.

...

Finally, the linked article is talking about how the average price received by solar plants is lower than for other energy sources. That makes sense because solar plants all produce at the same time and literally cannot wait until the price goes up to sell their power. It's like if every corn farmer had to sell all their corn immediately after harvest - food prices would crater during the summer corn harvesting season. A wheat farmer who is allowed to sell their product steadily throughout the year would receive a higher price (on average) because they got to sell during the winter when no corn was available. If you are a new farmer, would you choose to plant corn (build more solar) or plant wheat (build legacy fossil fuels)?

This is a problem for the energy transition (!!!), but not a threat to grid stability.

Only capitalism could turn unlimited free electricity into a problem.