#im in class

[yippee-inks]

GUYYYYYS vault boy sillies…. I’m insane don look at me he’s so cute

AH. MORE.

[silverclaw202]

Etho in combat boots Etho in combat boots Etho in combat boots Etho in combat boots Etho in combat boots Etho in combat boots Etho in combat boots Etho in combat boots

[rowebug]

i dont think you guys understand how much i love jay

[applesauce42069]

hey, i just saw the generally very good i/p poland thread and i am interested in what you said about ashkenaz genetic admixture being mostly southern rather than northern european (i am 3/4 litvak and 1/4 polish jewish myself), but i don’t wanna google jewish genetic ancestry given the uh likely types of interest out there. not with a ten-foot pole. do you happen to know any more about it offhand — i think my brain mostly just wants to know which parts of southern europe — and/or have a clean and reliable source handy? if not, absolutely don’t worry about it, i ain’t sending someone else questing where i myself fear to tread.

Hi! So I've only done some preliminary research myself. The first thing to note is that there is not just one Ashkenazi Jewish ancestral genetic profile. Depending on who YOUR specific ancestors were, different percentages will be assigned to you for different populations. Also, the percentages points can often be rather trivial, but I guess it gives you a sense of what portions of your ancestry are most recent/most present. The other thing to note is that Jewish identity is not based on genetics and pre-dates the knowledge that ancestral genetics even existed. Jewish genetics are an indicator of jewish ancestry, not necessarily jewish identity.

With all of that in mind, I can give you some sources.

There have been extensive studies on a group of Medieval Ashkenazi Jews from Erfurt, Germany.

this study discusses the fact that modern Ashkenazi Jews are related to these Jews, as well as the fact that all Ashkenazi jews are all descended from a small group of people, because of a genetic bottleneck event - the ancestor population was greatly reduced, limiting genetic diversity. This study also describes Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry as a mix between european and middle eastern.

from this study's abstract:

"The Ashkenazi Jewish population has resided in Europe for much of its 1000-year existence. However, its ethnic and geographic origins are controversial, due to the scarcity of reliable historical records. Previous genetic studies have found links to Middle-Eastern and European ancestries, but the admixture history has not been studied in detail yet, partly due to technical difficulties in disentangling signals from multiple admixture events. Here, we present an in-depth analysis of the sources of European gene flow and the time of admixture events by using multiple new and existing methods and extensive simulations. Our results suggest a model of at least two events of European admixture. One event slightly pre-dated a late medieval founder event and was likely from a Southern European source. Another event post-dated the founder event and likely occurred in Eastern Europe. These results, as well as the methods introduced, will be highly valuable for geneticists and other researchers interested in Ashkenazi Jewish origins."

So I was actually incorrect - on average, Ashkenazi Jews *do* have partial Eastern European ancestry. However, it is important to note that the European component of Ashkenazi DNA (which from my experience with DNA tests, is anywhere from 75-50%), is primarily Southern European (60-80%, according to this study).

Now, I also have experience with commercial DNA testing and I'm a lurker on some related subreddits. I don't think commerical DNA tests are 100% accurate but they can give you a general idea.

My results from Illustrative DNA's ancient samples gives me 0% Slavic ancestry, though I'm only half genetically ashkenazi, so its likely that it was lost. My mother's results give her 2.6% Slavic ancestry in the medieval era.

Also, as the studies above said, the Slavic admixture happened relatively late (which makes sense because Ashkenazim mostly moved to the East in the late medieval area.

Anyways saying that Jews come from Eastern Europe is like saying someone who's 2% African on 23andMe is African.

[an1d10t]

crowley: haaaaaaaaalt!

halt: what?

crowley, getting closer to halt and starting to shake halt's shoulders: HAAAAAAAALTT!

halt: WHAT??? ARE YOU DRUNK OR SOMETHING??

crowley: HAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALT!

halt: AAAAAAAAAAH

crowley:AAAAAAAAAAH. can i get a kiss?

Halt, confused af: what?

crowley, getting his little kiss: thank you. love you. byeeeee

halt:

halt: what.

random ranger: is he always like this?

halt: no. WHO THE HELL HIT HIM ON THE HEAD THIS TIME?

[littlemywashere]

Wip of lps Sam

[mysterypuppy]

ignoring tim disregarding steph's personal tragedy i think they look really cute here

[tokiwarism]

[tfshouldidohere]

TACHI TACHI !!! my new phone is pink and i thought of u !!! :3

AWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW LAKEY !!!!!!!!!!!!!

[momoswifee]

Haute couture is out, I'm freaking out

[radrado]

Tsav I just had the most controversial way you could kill one of the heroes pop up in my mind- either via Spring lock suits like five nights at Freddy's or by causing them to choke on an ice cube.

Tsav: "mind you, I'm the one who built the grinder. What do you think my factory runs on?~"

[goofiest-goober87]

I love drawing this goober if I don't draw him I explode

Michael Afton is my fav if y'all can't tell (men with daddy issues are so silly)

[nativetosorrow]

i can't help but think that henry was probably so proud of his suicide and the circumstances that led to it. to him it most likely seems like the perfect tragedy, first he kills his best friend only for him to commit suicide and thus leaving camilla behind (and who knows if he really liked her or if it just made sense in his head for them to be together). he's so annoying

[riseleon]

Oh so you wanna continue? Okay! >:3

IM IN SCHOOL-

[dragoncarrion]

oh thats shirt less jason friday the 13th.

[i-love-hyacinths]

Born to listen to the magnus protocol, forced to learn about the correlation between gender and crime