#iguanodontian

[ppaleoartistgallery]

#Paleostream 20/07/2024

here's today's #Paleostream sketches!!! today we drew Morturneria, Atopodentatus, Comptonatus, and Trigonosaurus

[new-dinosaurs]

Emiliasaura alessandrii Coria et al., 2024 (new genus and species)

(Foot of Emiliasaura alessandrii [scale bar = 10 cm], from Coria et al., 2024)

Meaning of name: Emiliasaura = [founder of the first museum in Las Lajas] Emilia "Grandma" Ondettia de Fix's lizard [in Greek]; alessandrii = for Carlos Alessandri [discoverer of the original fossil]

Age: Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)

Where found: Mulichinco Formation, Neuquén, Argentina

How much is known: Partial skeletons of two individuals (together including a complete hind limb and parts of the forelimb, hips, and tail) as well as an isolated back vertebra.

Notes: Emiliasaura was an iguanodontian, a diverse group of plant-eating dinosaurs that includes the duck-billed hadrosaurids. The describers of Emiliasaura suggest that it was closely related to rhabdodontids, a group of small- to medium-sized iguanodontians from Europe. If this is correct, Emiliasaura would be the oldest known rhabdodontid-like iguanodontian, and the first one known from South America. Based on microscopic examination of their bone structure, the two partial skeletons known of Emiliasaura both belonged to individuals that hadn't grown to full size when they died.

(Schematic skeletal of Emiliasaura alessandrii [scale bar = 1 m], with bones preserved in the two more complete specimens in black, from Coria et al., 2024)

Reference: Coria, R.A., I.A. Cerda, F. Escaso, M.A. Baiano, F. Bellardini, A. Braun, L.M. Coria, J.M. Gutierrez, D. Pino, G.J. Windholz, P.J. Currie, and F. Ortega. 2024. First Valanginian (Early Cretaceous) ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from Patagonia. Cretaceous Research advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106027

[makairodonx]

An illustrated assortment of some of the various dinosaurs (all of them shown not to scale for convenience) that inhabit the semiarid Early Cretaceous neighborhood of Utahraptor ostrommaysorum. Among the most unusual of these neighbors are the indeterminate sail-backed Iguanodontian that has still not been formally described, the small but highly-enigmatic Therizinosaur Martharaptor, and the Turiasaurid Mierasaurus, which is a rare Cretaceous and North American representative of an otherwise mainly Jurassic and European family of sauropods.

[unexpecteddinolesson]

Talenkauen

Talenkauen is a basal iguanodont from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina. It was a small bipedal herbivore with teeth in the tip of its beak, unlike more derived iguanodontians. It grew to around 4.5 m in body length, and weighed about 300 kg. Talenkauen had a proportionally long neck, and a small head for which it is named. Shared features with other South American ornithopods suggest that there was a distinct Southern Hemisphere ornithopod group. Talenkauen specimens include the first hatchling ornithopod discovered in the Southern Hemisphere.

[saritapaleo]

Archovember 2024 Day 14 - Cuspicephalus scarfi

Cuspicephalus scarfi was a wukongopterid pterosaur from Late Jurassic England. It’s name comes from the Latin cuspis for “point” and the Greek κεφαλή for “head”, and its species name is a reference to Gerald Scarfe who was known for caricatures with very pointy noses (including Margaret Thatcher as the “Torydactyl), and who was also the production designer for Disney’s Hercules. Cuspicephalus scarfi basically means “pointed head which could have been designed by Gerald Scarfe.” Looking at this animal you can probably see the resemblance! Cuspicephalus had a very long, angled skull, most of which was occupied by the air pockets in its fenestra. A low bony crest is present, which was likely the base of a much higher soft tissue crest. Like most other Jurassic pterosaurs, it had sharp interlocking teeth, and likely also had a long ornamented tail. Due to its small size and lightly built skull, it probably fed on small land animals like arthropods and worms.

Cuspicephalus scarfi was found in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation. This was a seaside environment and is known for its many fish, turtle, plesiosaur, and icthyosaur fossils. Other pterosaurs have been found here as well, but from later ages than Cuspicephalus. Other archosaurs would have included the stegosaur Dacentrurus, the iguanodontian Cumnoria, the megalosaurid Torvosaurus, and the thalattosuchians Bathysuchus, Cricosaurus, Dakosaurus, Metriorhynchus, Plesiosuchus, and Torvoneustes.

This art may be used for educational purposes, with credit, but please contact me first for permission before using my art. I would like to know where and how it is being used. If you don’t have something to add that was not already addressed in this caption, please do not repost this art. Thank you!

[saritawolff]

Patreon request for Magno/rome.and.stuff - Ichthyovenator laosensis!

Icthyovenator is a Spinosaurid from the Early Cretaceous of Laos. Known only from fragmentary material, it seems to be unique among Spinosaurids for the strange divot in its spine. (In this depiction, I’ve also added another small divot further up the back; however, we don’t have that much of the spine, so this is purely speculative.) This strange sail could have been used for display or species recognition. Like other spinosaurines, Icthyovenator was likely adapted for a semi-aquatic lifestyle, hunting aquatic prey like fish, amphibians, and small dinosaurs. Like Spinosaurus, it had unusually tall vertebral spines on its tail which likely aided in swimming.

While it certainly wasn’t snacking on sauropods (except possibly via scavenging), it lived alongside large ones like Tangvayosaurus. Trackways in the Grès Supérieurs Formation belong to sauropods, iguanodontians, and neoceratopsians, though fish and turtles make up the majority of this ancient habitat.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This was a nice warmup for Archovember, and it’s also good to have another Spinosaurid under my belt. I should redraw Baryonyx and give it a size chart. Maybe someday I’ll have enough to make a full spinosaurid comparison chart. 🤔

Btw, the request tier for Patreon starts at only $5 a month. 😉 Link is pinned at the top of my blog.

[mesozoicmarket]

A dinosaur vertebra, likely Camptosaurus dispar from the Morrison Formation in the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming, United States. The lesser known and contemporary ornithopod, Uteodon aphanoecetes may or may not be species of this genus. These basal iguanodontians lived alongside smaller ornithischians such as Dryosaurus sp. and Nanosaurus agilis.

[avianhasnodignity]

in more important news

[gentlyrowan]

MOTHER'S CROWN

GARDEN OF THE GODS

COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO

Post 3 of 3 for this game location

(See my first two posts about this location, linked below!)

Photo by James St. John of a Holotype skull (white parts are reconstructed)

"In 1878, Professor James H. Kerr of Colorado College discovered what he believed to be 'portions of 21 different sea monsters' in the Garden of the Gods Park." (article below)

It turned out not to be a sea monster at all, but an herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur! It took a long journey of 130 years to finally identify it as a species not yet found anywhere else, now named after the Garden of the Gods: Theiophytalia Kerri.

Read about that journey here:

[obscurefossils]

Talenkauen santacrucensis

Talenkauen was a genus of neornithischian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period. Its type species is T. santacrucensis. The only specimen was found on Los Hornos Hill on the coast of Viedma Lake in Patagonia, Argentina. This specimen was found lying next to a scattering of fragmentary bones and teeth, which has been identified as a recently-hatched baby T. santacrucensis.

Talenkauen means "small skull;" its root words "talenk" and "kauen" originate from the Aonikenk language.

Its autapomorphies include a well–developed epipophysis on cervical 3 and plate–like unicate processes on the rib cage.

Talenkauen was a bipedal herbivorous dinosaur. It was at most 4 meters long, with a similar build to Dryosaurus, having short limbs, a long trunk and neck, and a small head. It was found to be closely related to Macrogryphosaurus and the clade Elasmaria was erected for the two genera. As of 2019, Elasmaria now includes almost a dozen genera.

Original paper: Novas, Fernando E.; Cambiaso, Andrea V; Ambrioso, Alfredo (2004). "A new basal iguanodontian (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia". Ameghiniana. 41 (1): 75–82.

Wikipedia article: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talenkauen

[typhlonectes]

An early-diverging iguanodontian (Dinosauria: Rhabdodontomorpha) from the Late Cretaceous of North America

Lindsay E. Zanno ,Terry A. Gates, Haviv M. Avrahami, Ryan T. Tucker, Peter J. Makovicky

Abstract

Intensifying macrovertebrate reconnaissance together with refined age-dating of mid-Cretaceous assemblages in recent decades is producing a more nuanced understanding of the impact of the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum on terrestrial ecosystems. 

Here we report discovery of a new early-diverging ornithopod, Iani smithi gen. et sp. nov., from the Cenomanian-age lower Mussentuchit Member, Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, USA. 

The single known specimen of this species (NCSM 29373) includes a well-preserved, disarticulated skull, partial axial column, and portions of the appendicular skeleton. Apomorphic traits are concentrated on the frontal, squamosal, braincase, and premaxilla, including the presence of three premaxillary teeth. Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian inference posit Iani as a North American rhabdodontomorph based on the presence of enlarged, spatulate teeth bearing up to 12 secondary ridges, maxillary teeth lacking a primary ridge, a laterally depressed maxillary process of the jugal, and a posttemporal foramen restricted to the squamosal, among other features. 

Prior to this discovery, neornithischian paleobiodiversity in the Mussentuchit Member was based primarily on isolated teeth, with only the hadrosauroid Eolambia caroljonesa named from macrovertebrate remains. Documentation of a possible rhabdodontomorph in this assemblage, along with published reports of an as-of-yet undescribed thescelosaurid, and fragmentary remains of ankylosaurians and ceratopsians confirms a minimum of five, cohabiting neornithischian clades in earliest Late Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems of North America. 

Due to poor preservation and exploration of Turonian–Santonian assemblages, the timing of rhabdodontomorph extirpation in the Western Interior Basin is, as of yet, unclear. However, Iani documents survival of all three major clades of Early Cretaceous neornithischians (Thescelosauridae, Rhabdodontomorpha, and Ankylopollexia) into the dawn of the Late Cretaceous of North America.

Read the paper here: 

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0286042

[new-dinosaurs]

Comptonatus chasei Lockwood et al., 2024 (new genus and species)

(Dentary [lower jaw bone] and schematic diagram of the skull of Comptonatus chasei [scale bars = 50 mm for the dentary and 100 mm for the skull diagram], with preserved bones in yellow, from Lockwood et al., 2024)

Meaning of name: Comptonatus = Compton thunderer [in Latin]; chasei = for Nick Chase [discoverer of the original fossil]

Age: Early Cretaceous (Barremian)

Where found: Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight, U.K.

How much is known: Nearly complete skeleton of one individual.

Notes: Comptonatus was an iguanodontian, a diverse group of plant-eating dinosaurs that includes the duck-billed hadrosaurids. It is one of the most completely known iguanodontians from Britain and can be distinguished from other British iguanodontians by numerous anatomical features, including a lower jaw that is essentially straight in side view, as well as an expanded forward-pointing projection on the pubis (one of the hip bones). Historically, all large iguanodontian fossils from the Early Cretaceous of southern England were usually assigned to one of two genera, Mantellisaurus and the more robust Iguanodon, but the discovery of Comptonatus adds to a growing understanding that these dinosaurs were more diverse in this general time and region than previously appreciated.

Reference: Lockwood, J.A.F., D.M. Martill, and S.C.R. Maidment. 2024. Comptonatus chasei, a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 22: 2346573. doi: 10.1080/14772019.2024.2346573

[newlabdakos]

Iguanodon

(temporal range: 126-122 mio. years ago)

[text from the Wikipedia article, see also link above]

Iguanodon (/ɪˈɡwɑːnədɒn/ i-GWAH-nə-don; meaning 'iguana-tooth'), named in 1825, is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur. While many species found worldwide have been classified in the genus Iguanodon, dating from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, taxonomic revision in the early 21st century has defined Iguanodon to be based on one well-substantiated species: I. bernissartensis, which lived during the Barremian to early Aptian ages of the Early Cretaceous in Belgium, Germany, England, and Spain, between about 126 and 122 million years ago. Iguanodon was a large, bulky herbivore, measuring up to 9–11 metres (30–36 ft) in length and 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons) in body mass. Distinctive features include large thumb spikes, which were possibly used for defense against predators, combined with long prehensile fifth fingers able to forage for food.

The genus was named in 1825 by English geologist Gideon Mantell but discovered by William Harding Bensted, based on fossil specimens found in England and was given the species name I. anglicus. Iguanodon was the second type of dinosaur formally named based on fossil specimens, after Megalosaurus. Together with Megalosaurus and Hylaeosaurus, it was one of the three genera originally used to define Dinosauria. The genus Iguanodon belongs to the larger group Iguanodontia, along with the duck-billed hadrosaurs. The taxonomy of this genus continues to be a topic of study as new species are named or long-standing ones reassigned to other genera. In 1878 new, far more complete remains of Iguanodon were discovered in Belgium and studied by Louis Dollo. These were given the new species I. bernissartensis. In the early 21st century it became understood that the remains referred to as Iguanodon in England belonged to four different species (including I. bernissartensis) that were not closely related to each other, which were subsequently split off into Mantellisaurus, Barilium and Hypselospinus. It was also found that the originally described type species of Iguanodon, I. anglicus was a nomen dubium, and not valid. Thus the name "Iguanodon" became fixed around the well known species based primarily on the Belgian specimens. In 2015, a second valid species, I. galvensis, was named, based on fossils found in the Iberian Peninsula.

Scientific understanding of Iguanodon has evolved over time as new information has been obtained from fossils. The numerous specimens of this genus, including nearly complete skeletons from two well-known bone beds, have allowed researchers to make informed hypotheses regarding many aspects of the living animal, including feeding, movement, and social behaviour. As one of the first scientifically well-known dinosaurs, Iguanodon has occupied a small but notable place in the public's perception of dinosaurs, its artistic representation changing significantly in response to new interpretations of its remains.

[paleonativeart]

Iani smithi, a new rhabdodontomorpha from late Cretaceous of North America. And yes, this is the first primitive members of rhabdodontomorpha along with tenontosaurus as same latter.

All thou, that new specie name means “Ianus” from Roman god, it does make sense this is an actual Iguanodontian species of mid-Cretaceous of western North America, which is now called Utah.

[6okuto]

last final today everybody think of me and send me luck. read more is just my review session. don't really suggest opening but you know. raahhhh...

hadaen - archean - proterozoic (ediacambrian) - phanerozoic (paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic)

paleozoic - cambrian (explosion), ordovician (end extinction), silurian, devonian (late extinction), carboniferous, permian (end extinction)

mesozoic - triassic (end extinction) jurassic cretaceous (end extinction). of course

cenozoic - paleogene neogene quaternary

WAAHHHH.

permian - Pangaea Connected. woww synapsids evolve to large size & dominant roles! (amniotes w laterotemporal fenestrae) reptiles! ... errgggh.. Dimetrodon. Gorgonopsids. Dicynodon. Cynodon (would evolve into true mammals!).

end permian mass extinction. synapsids go OUGH! WAAAHH!!

triassic - synapsids dicynodon/cynodon rebound. first true mammals appearing.

Diapsids (fenestrae lateral + supratemporal) are evolving. like woah who is she ? Girl thats an archosaur.! diapsids who have Additional fenestrae — antorbital (in feont of orbits) and Mandibular (rear of lower jaw)! one key one to remember is the pseudosuchians who would later give rise to modern crocodilians . the other diapsid that Doesnt have additional fenestra is the. lepidosauromorph...

oldest record of dinosaur-like archosaurs from footprints ~250million years old

- small, bipedal, lacked specializations like true dinosauria (hip socket with hole)

- → dinosauromorphs (some were quadrupedal)

fuck me. ok. pterosaurs. archosaur. avemetatarsalian (ankle like a hinge rather than ball and socket). rhamphorphcynoids. wings w 1 elongated finger. first flying vertebrate yaayy

ichthyosaur - reptile. fish like lifestyle. paddle-like limbs finned tail shark like dorsal fin conical teeth etc. plesiosaur. another reptile. large test/torso, paddle limbs, rel. short tail. ok.

dinosaurs across the world from early triassic - early jurassic r fairly similar bc. pangaea.

first true sauropods (herbivorous quadrupedal saurischian) appear Late triassic with prosauropods but eventually overtake them. examples?! diplodocids and macronarians. diplodocid nipping peg-like teeth macronarians Ermm. munching teeth. less picky.

ornithischian thyreophorans appear. include ornithischian w armour e.g. stegosaurus (stegosaurus mainly known for jurassic)

I dont know where the fuck this goes. TRIASSIC END EXTINCTION!

it hit who?! Really hit the archosaurs but not the dinosaurs..?! both pseudosuchians and dinosaurs were well adapted — dinosaurs got lucky with some biological aspect that made them better able to survive the end-triassic extinction. woah!

anyway. predator wise. .... wuaw. megalosaurids and cretasaurids (theropods) but Late Jurassic had predator shift. To What? allosauroids and coelurosaurs!

allosauroids - vertebrae interlocked more rigid + proportionately longer legs

coelurosaurs - ..small. e.g. compsognathus. long series of sacral vertebrae, skinny light tail etc. would give rise to...?! Birds (first evolved late jurassic I am assuming this refers to the archaeopteryx which as found by hexley is the missing link between dinosaurs and modern birds and falls in the Avialae clade) and Tyrannosaurs! Woah!

early cretaceous has significant regional dinosaur differences. unfortunately i do not remember them! Early cretaceous is genuine fucking blur to me!! copy pasted from notes

- NA + europe: iguanodontians, ankylosaurs, brachiosaurid sauropods

- africa: dominant theropods were spinosaurs and carcharodontosaurids

- asia: coelurosaurian theropods became common, first ceratopsians evolved

erm. new theropods like spinosaurids + carcharodontosaurids, iguanodons become larger and abundant. mosasaur (reptile). bye stegosaurs (rare) hello ankylosaurs. also diplodocids go extinct. SAUROPOD DECLINE!

LATE CRETACEOUS! shit is going down.

sauropod decline but Thriving in...?! Southern supercontinent GONDWANA! but they're different from before.. 🤔 it's the Titanosaurs! most robust of All time! for example the argentinosaur the largest animal to have ever lived. also many had armour.

size and armour who could combat them... the Carcharodontosaurs! teeth like great white shark. may be an allosaurus. i think. there were also the ...! abelisaurs! last of the ceratosaurid lineage. short muzzle Short arms Small teeth this guy would go after the Smaller titanosaurs.

But what was happening in Northern supercontinent Laurasia 🤔 well the sauropod decline really hit here. so if there's an underabundance of herbivorous sauropods who is eating the fucking plants (which also differ from gondwana bc of such underabundance)

. replacing the iguanodons is the HADROSAURS! most successful herbivorous dinosaur in the northern hemisphere congratulations. two examples?! lambeosaurine which had a hollow nasal passageway in its crest (music. mating? scaring off?) and hadrosaurines which did not have that. at least some had crests just not from osteoderms. soft tissue?!

second to them is the Ankylosaurs which diverge into two main groups: tail club having ankylosaurids and No club nodosaurids. i remember bc. nodo. no dough? No money. for. ....the cl... the clu

Also second to them. marginocephalians — "fringe head" pachycephalosaurs and ceratopsians. primitive ceratopsians well known in asia but larger derived ones almost exclusive to north america.

And what is happening in laurasia Predator wise 🤔 allosaurs are doing well but they have competition: Its the Coelurosaurs! WOAHHHH!!!

tyrannasaurs, ornithomimids, maniraptorans - oviraptorosaurs + therizinosaurs + dromaeosaurs. maniraptorans had the semilunate carpal that let them sharply fold back their hands. good for u. therizinosaurs are different. theyre freaky little guys /affectionate. their claw was found first and people thought it was a claw of a sea turtle. Alas.! it was this weird dude

dinosaur rise to power was slow, steady, and pushed by misfortune of others

CRETACEOUS END EXTINCTION! grey layer at cretaceous-paleogene border found w iridium tektite and shocked quartz which r all signs of meteorite impact... Where?!

big meteor hit shore of chicxulub mexico (found by odd formation of limestone sinkholes called cenotes). shockwaves tsunamis cloud of super heated rock and dust falls causing wildfires and raised temperatures so large animals without shelter Like dinosaurs die. and then they dont get the sun for years so photosynthetic organisms and plants die. dinosaurs at the top of the food chain go goodbye :(

and despite all of this i feel so incredibly underprepared for this exam because specific details and examples haunt me. if he asks to pick a list of archosaurs i'll start biting my hand. its fine. aim for a 75. am i right guys. guys. like its multiple choice so im just praying i remember. enough. ...??? it's over for me

[saritawolff]

#Archovember Day 23 - Kunbarrasaurus ieversi

In the Early Cretaceous of Australia lived the small, basal ankylosaurian Kunbarrasaurus ieversi. Originally thought to be a species of Minmi, Kunbarrasaurus was eventually discovered to be a new genus of ankylosaur and renamed in 2015. One specimen is the most complete dinosaur fossil ever found in Australia, even containing gut contents! This Kunbarrasaurus’ last meal consisted of plant tissue fragments, whole fruits, and whole seeds. The tissue fragments are small and seem to have been nibbled or chopped by the ankylosaur. Unlike some other dinosaurs, it lacked any gastroliths, leading paleontologists to believe it had a more sophisticated method of grinding up its food.

Kunbarrasaurus fossils have been found in marine sediment, so they were likely swept out to the shallow inland sea that covered Queensland during the Early Cretaceous. However, some other unfortunate dinosaurs have also been found in the same Allaru Formation. These include the titanosaur Austrosaurus and the iguanodontian Muttaburrasaurus.