#i2c protocol

[didw2rden]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9515adp-118-nxp-5973557

I2C CAN Bus Module, I2C adapter, I2C devices, Serial Peripheral Interface

PCA9515A Series 3.6 V 5 mA 400 kHz 6 pF Surface Mount I2C-bus Repeater - SOIC-8

[adafruit]

Coming soon - This ESP32-C6 feather is a Matter of fact

ESP32-C6 (https://www.adafruit.com/product/5672) is Espressif’s first Wi-Fi 6 SoC integrating 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5 (LE) and the 802.15.4 protocol. It brings the goodness you know from the low-cost C3 series (https://www.adafruit.com/product/5337) and improves it with Zigbee/802.15.4 at 2.4Ghz. That means it could make for great Matter (https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/matter/) development hardware!

We took our Feather ESP32-S2 (https://www.adafruit.com/product/5000) and swapped out the 'S2 for a C6. Plus some re-routing and here's what we've got: a C6 Feather with lots of GPIO, lipoly charging and monitoring with the MAX17048, (https://www.adafruit.com/product/5580) NeoPixel, I2C Stemma QT port, and a second low-quiescent LDO for disabling the I2C and NeoPixel when we want ultra-low power usage. We also tossed a BME280 (https://www.adafruit.com/product/2652) on there, so you could use it immediately as a low power temp/hum/pressure sensor.

[mch2rillo]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9532pw-112-nxp-3036484

I2C communication protocol, liquid crystal displays, clock line

PCA9532 Series 5.5 V 350 uA 400kHz SMT 16-bit I2C-bus LED Dimmer - TSSOP-24

[edir2rell]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9515adp-118-nxp-7183946

What is I2C communication, serial communication bus, I2C logic

PCA9515A Series 3.6 V 5 mA 400 kHz 6 pF I2C-bus Repeater - SOIC-8

[stlle2ista]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9532pw-118-nxp-5033862

I2c bus, Embedded communication, Isolated CAN Transceiver ICs

PCA9532 Series 5.5 V 350 uA 400kHz SMT 16-bit I2C-bus LED Dimmer - TSSOP-24

[jshua2empp]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9515adp-118-nxp-5973557

I2c bus, I2c communication protocol, Inter-Integrated Circuit, spi interface

PCA9515A Series 3.6 V 5 mA 400 kHz 6 pF Surface Mount I2C-bus Repeater - SOIC-8

[tmms2jnes]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--memory--RAM--eeprom--i2c-interface-protocol/cat24c64wi-gt3-onsemi-8463176

Random Access Memory, what is an EEPROM, programmable EEPROM manufacturers, ROM

CAT24C64 Series 64 Kb (8K X 8) 1.8 - 5.5 V I2C CMOS Serial EEPROM - SOIC-8

[adafruit]

Bus Pirate 5 is in stock and shipping now, going fast! 🚌 🏴‍☠️

Bus Pirate 5 is the latest edition of the original universal serial interface trusted by hackers since 2008. We've stocked and loved the Bus Pirate 4 for years and are excited to see the latest and greatest from the minds at WhereLabs.

The Bus Pirate is a RP2040 based, open-source hardware debugging tool that converts simple commands into common bus protocols such as 1-Wire, I2C, SPI, UART, several LEDs and more. Send commands to a chip or sensor and get the response, without writing a line of code.

[c-53]

WARNING: LONG ASK INCOMING

For hobby electronics there’s two major kinds of processors: Microcomputers and Microcontrollers. Microcomputers are small full computer systems like the Raspberry Pi, they typically run a general-purpose OS (typically some flavor of Linux) and are useful for the kinds of projects that require basically a full computer to function, but not necessarily individual sensors. They’re a great place to start for people who don’t know a whole ton about programming or working with individual components because they typically can output a true GUI to a screen and have the capabilities of a regular desktop computer. They have a main processor, true RAM, and either large on-board storage space or a way to read a storage device, like an SD card.

Microcontrollers are less complicated (component wise) than microcomputers, but as a result are more difficult for total beginners to begin working with. They’re typically primarily a SoC (System on a Chip) processor without discrete RAM modules and a very small EEPROM (on-ship storage space) and need to have components wired and configured to them to be able to do much more than being a fancy calculator. They’re used for when you need something to carry out electronic functions or get sensor readings, but not necessarily a full operating system, so they’re best suited for small/integrated applications. Your helmet uses a microcontroller to control the LEDs you used in the Cunt Machine post.

I build high-power model rockets as a hobby and with my university team, so I work with both kinds of processor as part of designing payload systems. I typically prefer microcontrollers in these as most of what we do doesn’t need an actual OS to run, and they’re smaller/lighter than microcomputers. One of the advantages of a microcontroller is that it runs a Real-Time OS (RTOS) which forgoes all the user-friendliness of things like windows and linux to instead be the bare minimum backend necessary to run code uploaded into the processor. 

The main advantage of using a microcontroller is really that they’re typically a lot cheaper than microcomputers are and are plenty powerful for really embedded applications. They also make other parts of whatever system is being built cheaper/easier to integrate because they require less overhead to function - the raspberry pi needs a minimum of 5 volts of power to work, while a chip like an ESP32-PICO can run at 1.8V. 

The main way you make sensors/buttons/peripherals work with a microcontroller is via digital communication busses. There’s a few protocols, the most common being I2C, SPI, and UART. I’ll talk about I2C since that’s generally the most common. With I2C each component is assigned a 2-byte “address” that they’re identified by. When the controller sends a request signal on the I2C data bus, every sensor along the line will return their own signal, marked with their address so that they can be identified. It allows for a large number of devices to be put on the same lines and you can daisy-chain them through each other to the microcontroller.

I’ll be honest I really can’t think of a good way to say much more on the subject as like a starting message because I’ve been working with computers so long all the tech stuff for me is second nature, but if you have any questions ask away I can probably answer them or google them.

.

[thesulliedone]

Bit Banging, a term from what I can tell, is effectively creating pulses in software to replicate communication protocols like SPI and I2C.

But...ngl, the name elicited a snicker or two.

[quartz-components]

GY-511 module includes a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis magnetometer. This sensor can measure the linear acceleration at full scales of ± 2 g / ± 4 g / ± 8 g / ± 16 g and magnetic fields at full scales of ± 1.3 / ± 1.9 / ± 2.5 / ± 4.0 / ± 4.7 / ± 5.6 / ± 8.1 Gauss. When you place this module in a magnetic field, according to the Lorentz law, a current is induced in its microscopic coil. The compass module converts this current to the differential voltage for each coordinate direction by calculating these voltages, you can calculate the magnetic field in each direction and obtain the geographic position. It communicates using I2C communication protocol and the voltage level required to power this device is 3V-5V. You can use it in DIY GPS system, accelerometer data acquisition system to be used in Vehicles etc.

[snaildotexe]

I'm applying for software engineering internships and there's always a long list of requirements like:

Experience with Front-end (Javascript, HTML, CSS, Angular, Node, React, RESTful APIs) AND Back-end (Java, Python, SQL and Relational databases, C/C++, MatLab)

Strong understanding of communication protocols such as TCP/IP, I2C, PCI, ring buffers, and cross-core interrupts

Minimum of 3 web applications projects visible on GitHub using at least one popular web framework, such as JSF, Wicket, GWT or Spring MVC

Required to have contributed to a mobile app that reached a large number of users

experience with machine learning libraries such as huggingface, TensorFlow, or PyTorch is a plus

For first or second-year students ONLY!!! >:(

Pay: $21/hr

and once in a while i'll come across an internship that's not software engineering or closely related and the job requirements are always like:

Proficient in Microsoft Office

Excellent written and verbal communication skills

team player :D

likes to wear funny hats!!!

Pay: $19/hr

I don't want this to sound like I'm looking down on other careers, or perpetuating the stereotype that the STEM field is "better" or "smarter" but oh my god

[trainsinanime]

Let me introduce my current main WIP. It's not fandom related, it's for my model railroad, and it's not yet finished.

This is a rendering of a circuit board that I'm designing at the moment. It will be a DCC command station. My model railroad is run digitally, which means the tracks carry digital signals that tell each locomotive and switch individually how to run, which lights to turn and so on. The command station is the device that generates that. I have a number of different layouts, one of which has a good command station, one of which has a crappy old one, and the final one isn't even digital yet. So this will be the one that solves all issues for me, hopefully.

The design above isn't finished yet, and even the parts that are are not yet fully representative. The different capacitors are just there as options; some screen print overlaps; and some components (in particular all plugs and the relays that control the programming track) don't have 3D models so they don't show up.

Planned features:

Four layer board

10-25 V DC output, software controllable

Up to 5A output power, limited mainly by the main switching regulator.

Input 15-25V either AC or DC with polarity protection, selectable with some solder bridges (not yet in there). Optionally you can also bypass the main power regulator with another solder bridge (that I haven't added yet); useful in case you use e.g. a laptop power supply with a switchable voltage and don't need any regulation after that.

Railcom support

USB connection; not yet sure what for, but the main chip I'm using has USB support and I have some spare USB connectors here, so in it goes.

Speaking: The chip is an STM32L433RCT6P, chosen because I found it in stock at an electronics distributor. 64 kB RAM, 256 kB EEPROM, with support for an additional up to 256 MB externally (there's a spot for that on the board) and lots of fun extras that I don't technically need. It has an FPU! I don't need an FPU, but I will definitely do some floating point math computation on it just for fun.

Main external connection is WLAN using an ESP32 WROOM U module. I haven't decided on the housing, but I may go for extruded aluminum, so it's the U version that allows and requires an external antenna

It supports XBUS/XpressNet connections for old throttles from Lenz and Roco that I should probably throw away, but I paid good money for them, dang it.

It supports CAN for LCC / OpenLCB. I may not populate this part on all boards that I'm building, because I haven't actually decided whether I am interested. But the chip has CAN functionality built in, so why not.

There's an I2C connection to connect a cheap tiny OLED display for status messages.

Test points for all important signals (in particular the different internal voltage levels; yes, there is 3.3V, A3.3V and -3.3V and I need all of them).

Stuff still to add:

I will add pin headers (or space for pin headers anyway) for all the remaining pins on the STM32, and perhaps some on the ESP32, for future expansions.

Status LED and stop/go button on the front

Wire it all up, maybe move some stuff (mostly the STM32 around), which will cause all sorts of fun new routing issues.

Adjustments to make the jacks line up with the front panel once I've decided on a housing.

Features I'm not considering adding:

s88. I vaguely know what it is but I don't have any devices like that, and if that ever changed I could probably build (or perhaps buy) a converter that connects them via CAN.

Other buses like LocoNet.

Ethernet. I don't need it and it's actually more expensive than WLAN in this day and age.

In terms of software, I'm planning to use DCC-Ex on it. The whole project actually started out as a DCC-Ex shield, but once I realised that this wouldn't fit, I decided to make it standalone. Now, DCC-Ex is designed for Arduino, not STM32, and it doesn't support XpressNet, nor OpenLCB, nor Railcom, and their Wifi protocol is pretty weird and annoying which will be an issue (I'm planning to write my own control app for iPhone for it), so I'll probably change that or just replace it with the z21 one… so really, the software will not look a lot like DCC-Ex once I'm done with it.

Will this all work? I have honestly no idea. I mean, I'm fairly confident, I'd have given up on this long ago otherwise, but I have no guarantees either way until I've spent a lot of money on components and circuit boards and start soldering. Turns out doing it this way is not really cheaper than just buying a half-way decent one. That's what makes it exciting, though!

If it does work, obviously this will be released as open source. But it's still going to be a few days (more realistically weeks) before it's even ready to order the parts, and then a lot of soldering (current BOM stands at 194 actual components), and then a lot of software development before it's ready for that.

[techtease]

PiSquare: RP2040 & ESP-12E-based board for all Raspberry Pi HATs

PiSquare is a compact, wireless communication board designed for Raspberry Pi that enables you to wirelessly connect and communicate with multiple Raspberry Pi HATs including SPI, I2C, and SPI HATs. It is based on two powerful components:

⦁ The RP2040 microcontroller (the same chip used in the Raspberry Pi Pico). ⦁ The ESP-12E Wi-Fi module for seamless wireless communication.

By using socket programming, PiSquare can wirelessly interact with Raspberry Pi HATs through TCP/IP communication, allowing you to connect as many devices as you need, without worrying about physical stacking or GPIO conflicts.

Key Specifications:

⦁ Microcontroller: Raspberry Pi RP2040

Core Architecture: Dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ microcontroller

Clock Speed: Up to 133 MHz

Flash Memory: 2MB onboard QSPI Flash (for program storage)

RAM: 264KB SRAM

GPIO Pins: 26 multi-function GPIO pins with support for PWM, SPI, I2C, UART, and other peripherals

⦁ Wi-Fi Connectivity: ESP-12E

Wi-Fi Standard: 802.11 b/g/n

Wireless Frequency: 2.4 GHz

Wi-Fi Chipset: ESP8266 (with 4MB of onboard Flash)

Data Rate: Up to 72.2 Mbps (with 802.11n support)

Communication Interface: UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)

⦁ Wireless Communication via Socket Programming

Protocol: TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) via socket programming

Connection Type: Full-duplex, bi-directional communication

Network Type: Local Area Network (LAN) or Wi-Fi based network for device communication

Number of Supported Devices: Configurable for communication with multiple (n) Raspberry Pi HATs over Wi-Fi without the need for physical stacking

Socket Layer: Raw socket-based communication for sending and receiving data over the network

⦁ HAT Compatibility

Supported Protocols: SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): Full-duplex, synchronous communication for connecting peripherals

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit): Multi-master, multi-slave communication for sensors, actuators, and peripheral devices

GPIO-based HATs: Supports a variety of devices and sensors with GPIO pin control

Pin Multiplexing: Flexible I/O pin assignment allowing for easy configuration of multiple communication protocols simultaneously

Addressing: Supports unique addressing for SPI and I2C devices to avoid conflicts

⦁ Power Supply

Voltage: 5V DC ±5% (typical operating voltage range)

Power Consumption: Low-power operation suitable for remote or battery-powered applications

Regulation: Onboard linear voltage regulator to provide stable power for the microcontroller and Wi-Fi module

⦁ Form Factor

Dimensions: 65mm x 30mm x 20mm (compact design suitable for integration into small devices)

Mounting: Compatible with standard Raspberry Pi connectors (via external interface) without the need for physical GPIO stacking

⦁ I/O and Expansion

Interface: UART, SPI, I2C (for communication with external peripherals)

GPIO: 26 GPIO pins for signal input/output, including support for digital, analog, PWM, and interrupts

Use Cases

Here are a few ways PiSquare can revolutionize your Raspberry Pi projects:

Multi-HAT Robotics: Easily connect multiple HATs for motor control, sensor arrays, and communication modules in a wireless setup.

IoT Projects: PiSquare can communicate with several sensor HATs in remote locations, sending data back to a central Raspberry Pi for processing or cloud storage.

Home Automation: Connect a variety of home automation HATs wirelessly, creating a smart home system that’s efficient and scalable.

Distributed Sensor Networks: Set up multiple sensors across a large area without worrying about physical connections or pin conflicts.

The Pisquare RP2040 with the onboard ESP-12E Wi-Fi module is a powerful and compact solution for anyone looking to build wireless IoT projects. Its support for multiple HATs, including SPI and I2C, makes it versatile enough to handle a wide variety of peripherals, while its ability to implement socket programming provides you with the flexibility to create robust networked applications.

Whether you're creating a smart home system, an industrial IoT device, or a robotics project, the Pisquare by SB Components can be the perfect foundation for your next creation.

[marketresearchauthority]

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Learn from highly qualified instructors who have hands-on experience in embedded systems development. Emertxe’s trainers are industry veterans who share their insights and guide you through the complexities of embedded system design and implementation.

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[tia003]

How do embedded systems interface with sensors?

Embedded systems interface with sensors through a combination of hardware and software components. Sensors are devices that detect physical or environmental changes, such as temperature, pressure, or motion, and convert them into electrical signals. Embedded systems process these signals to perform specific tasks.

The interface between sensors and embedded systems typically involves an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) when dealing with analog sensors. The ADC converts the sensor's analog signal into a digital form that the embedded system’s microcontroller can process. For digital sensors, direct communication through standard protocols like I2C, SPI, or UART is common. These protocols allow the embedded system to receive and interpret sensor data efficiently.

Software plays a crucial role in this interaction by handling sensor initialization, data acquisition, and filtering. The embedded system's firmware contains drivers or APIs that facilitate communication with sensors, manage power consumption, and ensure timely data processing.

In real-time applications, embedded systems often rely on interrupts to respond quickly to sensor inputs. This interaction enables embedded systems to function in various fields such as healthcare, automotive, and industrial automation.

To learn more about this crucial aspect of embedded development, consider enrolling in an embedded system certification course, which covers these interfaces in detail.