#i2c protocol

[didw2rden]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9515adp-118-nxp-5973557

I2C CAN Bus Module, I2C adapter, I2C devices, Serial Peripheral Interface

PCA9515A Series 3.6 V 5 mA 400 kHz 6 pF Surface Mount I2C-bus Repeater - SOIC-8

[adafruit]

Coming soon - This ESP32-C6 feather is a Matter of fact

ESP32-C6 (https://www.adafruit.com/product/5672) is Espressif’s first Wi-Fi 6 SoC integrating 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5 (LE) and the 802.15.4 protocol. It brings the goodness you know from the low-cost C3 series (https://www.adafruit.com/product/5337) and improves it with Zigbee/802.15.4 at 2.4Ghz. That means it could make for great Matter (https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/matter/) development hardware!

We took our Feather ESP32-S2 (https://www.adafruit.com/product/5000) and swapped out the 'S2 for a C6. Plus some re-routing and here's what we've got: a C6 Feather with lots of GPIO, lipoly charging and monitoring with the MAX17048, (https://www.adafruit.com/product/5580) NeoPixel, I2C Stemma QT port, and a second low-quiescent LDO for disabling the I2C and NeoPixel when we want ultra-low power usage. We also tossed a BME280 (https://www.adafruit.com/product/2652) on there, so you could use it immediately as a low power temp/hum/pressure sensor.

[mch2rillo]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9532pw-112-nxp-3036484

I2C communication protocol, liquid crystal displays, clock line

PCA9532 Series 5.5 V 350 uA 400kHz SMT 16-bit I2C-bus LED Dimmer - TSSOP-24

[edir2rell]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9515adp-118-nxp-7183946

What is I2C communication, serial communication bus, I2C logic

PCA9515A Series 3.6 V 5 mA 400 kHz 6 pF I2C-bus Repeater - SOIC-8

[stlle2ista]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9532pw-118-nxp-5033862

I2c bus, Embedded communication, Isolated CAN Transceiver ICs

PCA9532 Series 5.5 V 350 uA 400kHz SMT 16-bit I2C-bus LED Dimmer - TSSOP-24

[jshua2empp]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--comm-products--i2c/pca9515adp-118-nxp-5973557

I2c bus, I2c communication protocol, Inter-Integrated Circuit, spi interface

PCA9515A Series 3.6 V 5 mA 400 kHz 6 pF Surface Mount I2C-bus Repeater - SOIC-8

[tmms2jnes]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--memory--RAM--eeprom--i2c-interface-protocol/cat24c64wi-gt3-onsemi-8463176

Random Access Memory, what is an EEPROM, programmable EEPROM manufacturers, ROM

CAT24C64 Series 64 Kb (8K X 8) 1.8 - 5.5 V I2C CMOS Serial EEPROM - SOIC-8

[adafruit]

Bus Pirate 5 is in stock and shipping now, going fast! 🚌 🏴‍☠️

Bus Pirate 5 is the latest edition of the original universal serial interface trusted by hackers since 2008. We've stocked and loved the Bus Pirate 4 for years and are excited to see the latest and greatest from the minds at WhereLabs.

The Bus Pirate is a RP2040 based, open-source hardware debugging tool that converts simple commands into common bus protocols such as 1-Wire, I2C, SPI, UART, several LEDs and more. Send commands to a chip or sensor and get the response, without writing a line of code.

[c-53]

WARNING: LONG ASK INCOMING

For hobby electronics there’s two major kinds of processors: Microcomputers and Microcontrollers. Microcomputers are small full computer systems like the Raspberry Pi, they typically run a general-purpose OS (typically some flavor of Linux) and are useful for the kinds of projects that require basically a full computer to function, but not necessarily individual sensors. They’re a great place to start for people who don’t know a whole ton about programming or working with individual components because they typically can output a true GUI to a screen and have the capabilities of a regular desktop computer. They have a main processor, true RAM, and either large on-board storage space or a way to read a storage device, like an SD card.

Microcontrollers are less complicated (component wise) than microcomputers, but as a result are more difficult for total beginners to begin working with. They’re typically primarily a SoC (System on a Chip) processor without discrete RAM modules and a very small EEPROM (on-ship storage space) and need to have components wired and configured to them to be able to do much more than being a fancy calculator. They’re used for when you need something to carry out electronic functions or get sensor readings, but not necessarily a full operating system, so they’re best suited for small/integrated applications. Your helmet uses a microcontroller to control the LEDs you used in the Cunt Machine post.

I build high-power model rockets as a hobby and with my university team, so I work with both kinds of processor as part of designing payload systems. I typically prefer microcontrollers in these as most of what we do doesn’t need an actual OS to run, and they’re smaller/lighter than microcomputers. One of the advantages of a microcontroller is that it runs a Real-Time OS (RTOS) which forgoes all the user-friendliness of things like windows and linux to instead be the bare minimum backend necessary to run code uploaded into the processor. 

The main advantage of using a microcontroller is really that they’re typically a lot cheaper than microcomputers are and are plenty powerful for really embedded applications. They also make other parts of whatever system is being built cheaper/easier to integrate because they require less overhead to function - the raspberry pi needs a minimum of 5 volts of power to work, while a chip like an ESP32-PICO can run at 1.8V. 

The main way you make sensors/buttons/peripherals work with a microcontroller is via digital communication busses. There’s a few protocols, the most common being I2C, SPI, and UART. I’ll talk about I2C since that’s generally the most common. With I2C each component is assigned a 2-byte “address” that they’re identified by. When the controller sends a request signal on the I2C data bus, every sensor along the line will return their own signal, marked with their address so that they can be identified. It allows for a large number of devices to be put on the same lines and you can daisy-chain them through each other to the microcontroller.

I’ll be honest I really can’t think of a good way to say much more on the subject as like a starting message because I’ve been working with computers so long all the tech stuff for me is second nature, but if you have any questions ask away I can probably answer them or google them.

.

[lithionpower]

5 Common Mistakes in Battery Management Systems

There are a few common issues related to the time of adoption and usage of BMS that may affect longevity, safety, and efficiency of a battery pack. Here are five typical errors to avoid:

1. Inadequate Thermal Management

Mistake: Failing to adequately check and regulate the battery cells' temperature.

Consequence: Overheating brought on by poor thermal management might result in thermal runaway, lower battery efficiency, or a noticeably shorter battery life.

Solution: Make sure the Battery Management Systems (BMS) has several sensors for complete temperature monitoring, and when needed, combine it with an active heating or cooling system.

2. Ignoring Cell Balancing

Mistake: Not implementing cell balance in the battery pack or configuring it incorrectly.

Consequence: Ineffective cell balancing can cause individual cells to overcharge or undercharge, which can diminish the battery's total capacity and cause uneven wear and possibly damage to individual cells.

Solution: To ensure consistent charge levels in every cell, use a BMS with either passive or active cell balancing.

3. Overlooking BMS Compatibility

Mistake: Using a BMS that isn't entirely compatible with the battery chemistry or the battery pack's particular setup.

Consequence: Incompatibility can result in improper voltage limits, inappropriate protection, and even unsafe operating conditions.

Solution: Make the BMS specifically designed for the type of battery chemistry used (Lead Acid, Lithium-ion, etc.) and the type of battery pack layout series/parallel arrangement.

4. Inadequate Fault Detection and Diagnostics

Mistake: Not providing enough fault detection and diagnostic tools for the BMS.

Consequence: Faults like short circuits, cell failures, or wiring faults could go unreported without adequate fault detection, resulting in battery damage or dangerous situations.

Solution: Select a BMS (Battery Management Systems) that has advanced diagnostic and fault detection, data logging, real-time warning capability, and communications of problems with other systems or operators

5. Underestimating the Importance of Communication Protocols

Mistake: Integrating a BMS (Battery Management Systems) with other system components without using the proper communication standards.

Consequence: Inaccurate battery status reporting and other inefficiencies can result from poor communication, as might a complete system failure if vital information is not accurately exchanged with controllers or displays.

Solution: The BMS should be able to converse with and connect to the rest of the system: other vehicle control units, chargers, and user interfaces using the necessary protocols: CAN bus, I2C, etc.

Staying away from these common mistakes while selecting and setting a BMS enables you to ensure that your battery pack can serve for as long a time as possible safely and efficiently.

Lithion Power is a manufacturer of high-end Battery Management Systems that can realize maximum performance from any given battery while ensuring safety. BMS developed for electric vehicle applications, energy storage, and portable electronics are highly critical-they offer monitoring and protection with precision to extend the life of the battery and enhance its reliability.

[thesulliedone]

Bit Banging, a term from what I can tell, is effectively creating pulses in software to replicate communication protocols like SPI and I2C.

But...ngl, the name elicited a snicker or two.

[quartz-components]

GY-511 module includes a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis magnetometer. This sensor can measure the linear acceleration at full scales of ± 2 g / ± 4 g / ± 8 g / ± 16 g and magnetic fields at full scales of ± 1.3 / ± 1.9 / ± 2.5 / ± 4.0 / ± 4.7 / ± 5.6 / ± 8.1 Gauss. When you place this module in a magnetic field, according to the Lorentz law, a current is induced in its microscopic coil. The compass module converts this current to the differential voltage for each coordinate direction by calculating these voltages, you can calculate the magnetic field in each direction and obtain the geographic position. It communicates using I2C communication protocol and the voltage level required to power this device is 3V-5V. You can use it in DIY GPS system, accelerometer data acquisition system to be used in Vehicles etc.

[snaildotexe]

I'm applying for software engineering internships and there's always a long list of requirements like:

Experience with Front-end (Javascript, HTML, CSS, Angular, Node, React, RESTful APIs) AND Back-end (Java, Python, SQL and Relational databases, C/C++, MatLab)

Strong understanding of communication protocols such as TCP/IP, I2C, PCI, ring buffers, and cross-core interrupts

Minimum of 3 web applications projects visible on GitHub using at least one popular web framework, such as JSF, Wicket, GWT or Spring MVC

Required to have contributed to a mobile app that reached a large number of users

experience with machine learning libraries such as huggingface, TensorFlow, or PyTorch is a plus

For first or second-year students ONLY!!! >:(

Pay: $21/hr

and once in a while i'll come across an internship that's not software engineering or closely related and the job requirements are always like:

Proficient in Microsoft Office

Excellent written and verbal communication skills

team player :D

likes to wear funny hats!!!

Pay: $19/hr

I don't want this to sound like I'm looking down on other careers, or perpetuating the stereotype that the STEM field is "better" or "smarter" but oh my god

[trainsinanime]

Let me introduce my current main WIP. It's not fandom related, it's for my model railroad, and it's not yet finished.

This is a rendering of a circuit board that I'm designing at the moment. It will be a DCC command station. My model railroad is run digitally, which means the tracks carry digital signals that tell each locomotive and switch individually how to run, which lights to turn and so on. The command station is the device that generates that. I have a number of different layouts, one of which has a good command station, one of which has a crappy old one, and the final one isn't even digital yet. So this will be the one that solves all issues for me, hopefully.

The design above isn't finished yet, and even the parts that are are not yet fully representative. The different capacitors are just there as options; some screen print overlaps; and some components (in particular all plugs and the relays that control the programming track) don't have 3D models so they don't show up.

Planned features:

Four layer board

10-25 V DC output, software controllable

Up to 5A output power, limited mainly by the main switching regulator.

Input 15-25V either AC or DC with polarity protection, selectable with some solder bridges (not yet in there). Optionally you can also bypass the main power regulator with another solder bridge (that I haven't added yet); useful in case you use e.g. a laptop power supply with a switchable voltage and don't need any regulation after that.

Railcom support

USB connection; not yet sure what for, but the main chip I'm using has USB support and I have some spare USB connectors here, so in it goes.

Speaking: The chip is an STM32L433RCT6P, chosen because I found it in stock at an electronics distributor. 64 kB RAM, 256 kB EEPROM, with support for an additional up to 256 MB externally (there's a spot for that on the board) and lots of fun extras that I don't technically need. It has an FPU! I don't need an FPU, but I will definitely do some floating point math computation on it just for fun.

Main external connection is WLAN using an ESP32 WROOM U module. I haven't decided on the housing, but I may go for extruded aluminum, so it's the U version that allows and requires an external antenna

It supports XBUS/XpressNet connections for old throttles from Lenz and Roco that I should probably throw away, but I paid good money for them, dang it.

It supports CAN for LCC / OpenLCB. I may not populate this part on all boards that I'm building, because I haven't actually decided whether I am interested. But the chip has CAN functionality built in, so why not.

There's an I2C connection to connect a cheap tiny OLED display for status messages.

Test points for all important signals (in particular the different internal voltage levels; yes, there is 3.3V, A3.3V and -3.3V and I need all of them).

Stuff still to add:

I will add pin headers (or space for pin headers anyway) for all the remaining pins on the STM32, and perhaps some on the ESP32, for future expansions.

Status LED and stop/go button on the front

Wire it all up, maybe move some stuff (mostly the STM32 around), which will cause all sorts of fun new routing issues.

Adjustments to make the jacks line up with the front panel once I've decided on a housing.

Features I'm not considering adding:

s88. I vaguely know what it is but I don't have any devices like that, and if that ever changed I could probably build (or perhaps buy) a converter that connects them via CAN.

Other buses like LocoNet.

Ethernet. I don't need it and it's actually more expensive than WLAN in this day and age.

In terms of software, I'm planning to use DCC-Ex on it. The whole project actually started out as a DCC-Ex shield, but once I realised that this wouldn't fit, I decided to make it standalone. Now, DCC-Ex is designed for Arduino, not STM32, and it doesn't support XpressNet, nor OpenLCB, nor Railcom, and their Wifi protocol is pretty weird and annoying which will be an issue (I'm planning to write my own control app for iPhone for it), so I'll probably change that or just replace it with the z21 one… so really, the software will not look a lot like DCC-Ex once I'm done with it.

Will this all work? I have honestly no idea. I mean, I'm fairly confident, I'd have given up on this long ago otherwise, but I have no guarantees either way until I've spent a lot of money on components and circuit boards and start soldering. Turns out doing it this way is not really cheaper than just buying a half-way decent one. That's what makes it exciting, though!

If it does work, obviously this will be released as open source. But it's still going to be a few days (more realistically weeks) before it's even ready to order the parts, and then a lot of soldering (current BOM stands at 194 actual components), and then a lot of software development before it's ready for that.

[digitalblocksinc09]

What is the use  of i3C Basic IP?

I3C Basic IP (Inter-Integrated Circuit Basic Intellectual Property) is a communication protocol used for connecting different electronic components and devices within a computer or other electronic system. It is an extension of the I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol, which is widely used for communication between various electronic components in embedded systems.

The i3C Basic IP provides several advantages over the I2C protocol, including improved performance, better power management, and greater flexibility in addressing and controlling multiple devices in a system. It supports a wider range of data rates and has a more robust error detection and correction mechanism. Additionally, i3C Basic IP supports multiple data transactions simultaneously, allowing for more efficient data transfer between devices.

The i3C Basic IP is typically used in various embedded systems, including smartphones, tablets, and other consumer electronics, as well as in automotive systems and industrial automation applications. It enables communication between various electronic components, such as sensors, displays, memory devices, and other peripherals, allowing for efficient data transfer and control within a system.

Overall, the i3C Basic IP is an important communication protocol that helps to improve the performance, power management, and flexibility of electronic systems, and enables efficient data transfer and control between different components and devices. Get to know more at

https://www.digitalblocks.com/

.

[tia003]

What are key components and techniques of embedded systems?

Embedded systems are specialized computing systems designed to perform specific tasks within a larger system. They consist of both hardware and software components, working together to ensure functionality, efficiency, and reliability.

Key Components:

Microcontroller/Microprocessor: The central processing unit (CPU) manages all computations and controls the embedded system. Microcontrollers integrate peripherals like memory and I/O ports, making them ideal for compact designs.

Memory: Embedded systems use ROM for storing firmware and RAM for temporary data storage during operation.

Sensors and Actuators: Sensors gather input from the environment, while actuators convert digital signals into physical actions.

Power Supply: Ensures consistent and reliable energy for the system, critical for uninterrupted operation.

Communication Interfaces: Protocols like UART, SPI, and I2C facilitate data exchange between components or with external devices.

Key Techniques:

Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS): Manage tasks with precise timing, essential for systems requiring high responsiveness, such as medical devices or automotive controls.

Power Management: Techniques like sleep modes and dynamic voltage scaling optimize energy consumption, particularly important in battery-operated devices.

Error Handling: Methods like watchdog timers and redundancy ensure system reliability under abnormal conditions.

Code Optimization: Embedded systems have resource constraints, so developers use efficient coding practices to minimize memory and power usage.

Debugging Tools: Techniques like in-circuit emulators (ICE) and logic analyzers help identify and resolve issues during development.

Professionals aiming to excel in this field can benefit greatly from structured learning. Enrolling in an embedded system certification course provides practical skills and theoretical knowledge, bridging the gap between academic concepts and industry requirements.