#genotypic variation

[shiut]

btw protip: when making fankid designs, look at the concept art of the parents for inspiration

[entelodante]

Color Guide for the Caltrops! Wanted to make a genetic coloring system for them for the funsies. So these fellas from left to right are; A warm-toned, ruby faced fella, a mid-toned fire faced gal, and a cool-toned yellow faced dude! See below for the breakdown of how their colors came to be!

First! The majority of a caltrops color is attributed to their tone. The tone is going to be coloring their thicker, more durable skin. And comes in four main hues! From most to least common, they are mid-toned, warm-toned, cool-toned, and stone-toned.

The tone that a caltrops presents is decided by the presence of red and blue factors within the skin. Red is mostly due to pigment while blue is more circulatory but that's not important right now. All you need to know is that the activation of both factors will lead to a mid-tone, activation of only red will lead to warm-tones, just blue are your cool-tones, and neither gives you a washed out stone-tone. Caltrops can come in various hues of each tone, to where it may sometimes be hard to tell them apart. There's no real differences aside from stone-tones being the most prone to sun burn and mid-tones being more sun resilient. Tones are the base of caltrops colors but they are NOT the most important! Socially, if a caltrop were to describe another, they would first refer to the individuals face coloration! Face colors are a LOT more varied as they are influenced by three main factors. The main factor is RED VALUE. Caltrops have a lot going on with red pigments. Face colors are broken down into two main categories, those WITH red and those WITHOUT red. Having red is the most common condition, the original mutation to turn it off is from a formerly fringe population that has since reintegrated. On top of that is the BLUSH of ones face! Blush can be either high or deep, high blush is generally a lot more airy, whereas deep blush tends to enrich the colors of the face. Both of these are not to be confused with the face genotypes of similar name!

Blush as a pattern can come in a red and redless variety, it leaves the lower face and throat blue so it is very obvious! Others of note are Yellow and Fire, the two patterns without blush influence. These are the true 'base' color that blush is affecting you could say. Rainbow and Limon are 'false' blushes, if only for their wider range of color. Ruby and Green are seen as kind of plain. So knowing all that we can use that to make and PREDICT individuals. Such as this happy family!

A cool-toned mother and mid-toned father can result in all tones except stone. And looking at their face alleles, they produce half of the total face patterns. Though the mothers own rainbow face would not be possible outcome!

Just wanted to flesh out a system for them to have a lot of color variation and wanted to try some genetic planning. It's fun to think of how colors are working in the background. Thank you for reading and hope it makes sense!

[kedreeva]

This was posted to a peafowl group a friend of mine is in; it's a comparison between a European violet (front) and a European violet x US purple cross (back).

EVERY other color mutation, when bred to a non-same mutation, produces wild type coloration cocks. The sex-linked genes produce mutant hens, but not cocks. The birds have to be the same mutation in order to show any non-wild coloration.

The cross bird doesn't look like a purple; it's too red. It doesn't look like a violet; it's too blue. Which tells us that EV is either an allele to purple that co-expresses, or it's the same gene with different epigenetic markers that give it a different phenotype to US purple. We already know that purple mutated twice here (once in wild type stock, once in cameo stock), and they have a HUGE range of variation in how that expresses in the phenotype. We also know that when purple expresses with the bronze mutation, it results in two VERY different phenotype mutations- hazel and indigo. When hazel is bred to hazel, it produces hazel and indigo, and vice versa, with no discernible pattern to it.

I don't know which it will turn out to be. My guess is an allele. I hope that I live long enough to see the genotype mapped and the mutated genes IDed and published, so I can find out.

[mindblowingscience]

Climate change has a negative impact on food security. An international research team led by Wolfram Weckwerth from the University of Vienna has now conducted a study to investigate the natural variation of different chickpea genotypes and their resistance to drought stress. The scientists were able to show that chickpeas are a drought-resistant legume plant with a high protein content that can complement grain cultivation systems even in urban areas. The study is published in the Plant Biotechnology Journal.

Continue Reading.

[revretch]

I see people getting confused about what "male" and "female" means for non-human animals (and plants), because it is not at all the same thing as the way it's used for humans, because there are too many variations across many different animals. (I won't even touch on how weird it is for plants.) So to break this down:

Sex: The gametes an animal produces (female for the big gametes, or ova; male for the small gametes, or sperm; monoecious/hermaphrodite for both; asexual for neither). When referring to non-human animals, literally the only thing this means.

Gonads: The organs that make the gametes (ovaries for ova, testes for sperm). Sponges can make gametes without gonads, so gonads are not required for having a sex.

Genitals: A dizzying array of parts that can be used to transfer gametes between individuals. Some males have claspers for opening. Spiders have "penises" in their "hands." Female bark lice have siphons for sucking the sperm out of males. And the vast, vast majority of animals have no genitals at all, because they live in the ocean and just spray their gametes into the open water. Because this varies so much and can even be lacking entirely, it is also not the same thing as sex.

Genotype: What's genetically encoded in an animal. In some, like humans, there's an XX/XY chromosomal system to determine whether an organism makes sperm or ova. In birds, it's ZZ/ZW (that is, two of the same chromosome for males). In wasps, ants and bees, it's haplodiploid, where males have only one set of all chromosomes (the females, like almost all other animals, have two). In some animals, it's not related to genes at all--in crocodilians, sex is determined by the temperature the eggs are incubated at! So, genotype is not the same thing as sex.

Phenotype: The physical expression of an organism--the body. Up to you whether you're including gonads and genitals with that. This can vary depending on sex, to make it more likely animals producing different gametes will be able to identify each other. In some animals, there is absolutely no difference in phenotype between sexes at all. So, this is also not the same thing as sex.

Sex-Linked Behavior: Again, not even present in a lot of animals--or if it is, usually limited only to courtship and mating, because most animals aren't social. Also not the same thing as sex.

Gender: A complicated system that varies dramatically across cultures and is specific to human beings, and tied very closely to human language. Some cultures have only two genders. Some have three, four, or more. What an individual thinks of gender can vary irrespective of culture. It ties in with all the previous things in so many overlapping, intricately linked ways I could not go into them here. This can also be considered "sex," but not at all in the sense that we use it to refer to animals. Likewise, animals cannot be considered to have gender, because they lack the specific human language and culture that gender arises from.

Tl;dr: Please stop using "sex" the same way for both humans and animals. The human definition makes no sense for non-human animals because they get so weird, and it's just plain rude to refer to humans in the animal sense.

[amber-tortoiseshell]

i know youre primarily a cat genetics blog, but what do you MEAN theres multiple merle alleles?? i thought it was just one mutation

Merle genetics is the coolest thing: there are basically unlimited amount of alleles. (Well. Or at least there are about a hundred.) You see, this isn't a simple point mutation like most variants we deal with on this blog - what we have here is called a SINE or "Short Interspersed Nuclear Element". This is a piece of DNA that inserts itself into the gene.

Without going into specifics, this SINE region doesn't have a predetermined length, and the longer the insertion is, the more pronounced the merle phenotype becomes.

Under 200 bp we have the non-merle, wild type m allele with no insertion. Over that, well, different people have classified it differently, but basically there's a continuous scale of merle M* alleles. Nowadays the most reliable merle tests don't just give you an allele name like M or Mc, but an allele length like 264 or 222, too.

Winnie's merle allele has the length of 273. Very merle!

The alleles are additive: a shorter one in itself can't cause a standard merle pattern (although sometimes they have a kind of dilution effect), together with another they might be able. The "dangers" of merle and especially double merle also rises with the insertion length: combining two short alleles is safe, while longer alleles together are to be avoided by all responsible breeders.

The unstableness of the insertion means that mosaicism in this gene (when the dog has slightly different merle alleles in different body parts) isn't rare either.

Bibliography:

Advanced Merle Genetics

Educational Charts and Diagrams

Defining the Scale of Merle

The History of Merle

Length variations within the Merle retrotransposon of canine PMEL: correlating genotype with phenotype

Being Merle: The Molecular Genetic Background of the Canine Merle Mutation

Merle phenotypes in dogs – SILV SINE insertions from Mc to Mh

[hanszoe]

i guess i had a longer post before but since i'm working on it now, a quick summary of hans' muscle composition

first is that they have a lot of explosive strength. their height and weight was confirmed as 170cm/5'7" 60kg/132lbs even before the anime adaptation, so it's true to how isayama imagined them. in the above scene that compares to pastor nick's height and weight of 192cm/6'3.5" 72kg/159lbs.

in the anime adaptation this action lasts a total of 1m14s.

35s - bearing initial weight. nick is still supporting himself and hans is not holding him that far from their combined center of mass. 22s - hans pushes him further over the ledge, increasing the distance of their center of mass from their body. this increases the amount of force that they must exert in order to hold him up. at this point hans' arm begins to shake, caused by their muscles beginning to alternate between fibers to distribute demand 17s - nick stops supporting his own weight, further increasing the amount of force hans has to exert to hold him up. killing him should not only be a mental question but also a physical one at this point

they then use the last of their strength to throw him back over the ledge. their entire body is shaking when they sit down.

the situation is somewhat unrealistic, especially hans' pose as regardless of their muscle strength they are at a major mass disadvantage and would absolutely have to place more of their own weight away from the ledge (this would naturally occur by widening their stance and lifting their unused arm on the opposite side) to avoid falling, but overall within the realm of possibility. regardless, it takes a lot of explosive strength to do something like this.

hans also has similar explosive strength on a few other occasions, notably when they kick over this table.

however in contrast, they don't seem to have much endurance

they're so exhausted from running presumably just a short distance from their horse to tell erwin that they drop to the floor lol. as if it were a regular occurrence, erwin just gets them a glass of water

so hans' endurance definitely doesn't compare to their explosive strength. which actually makes sense, considering two totally different types of muscle fibers control these types of movements.

the first type, which hans definitely has a large distribution of, are fast twitch muscle fibers. those ones use an anaerobic process to generate energy, which is also why they aren't breathing heavily after holding nick over the ledge, as their muscles used almost entirely anaerobic glycolysis to generate the energy required for the action.

the second are slow twitch fibers, used over longer durations. they use aerobic metabolism to generate energy, so this is why hans is breathing so heavily after running.

based on the disparity in their respective areas of strength, hans most likely has a higher distribution of fast twitch fibers. there is a certain gene which controls this, the ACTN3 gene. that one encodes alpha-actinin-3, which is a protein only expressed in fast twitch muscle fibers. allele variations control whether alpha-actinin-3 is actually encoded at all. individuals with a CC genotype have full expression of the gene, whereas CT or TT result in reduced production up to no production at all in individuals with a TT genotype. this is called ACTN3 deficiency. without alpha-actinin-3, muscles are shifted towards aerobic metabolism and fast twitch fibers work less efficiently.

it's actually very cool that hans' physical strength is so consistent in this way that we can even speculate on their muscle composition, up to them likely having a CC ACTN3 genotype. i haven't read much of isayama's blog but he used to post a lot about sports up to betting and predictions, so it seems like his particular athletic knowledge came into use here to depict them.

[pokemon-ash-aus]

Hola! How are you doing?

Lol, do you think regular Mewtwos have a recess gene for shiny?

In theory, most likely, the gene that is responsible for pink or violet coloration is A, and the recessive gene is shiny a

That is, if two purple mewtwos could give birth to a Shiny in theory.

A - violet, a - green, B - White, b - Gray.

P (Parents)

♀️ AaBb × ♂️AaBb

By phenotype: purple and white body (both)

By genotype Aa

G (Gametes) AB Ab ab aB (Both)

F1 ♀️♂️ AB ab Ab Ba

AB AABB AaBb AABb AaBB

ab AaBb aabb Aabb aaBb

Ab AABb Aabb AABb AaBb

Ba AaBB aaBb AaBb aaBB

There are 16 variations of offspring in total.

Violet and white

Green and white(shiny)

Violet and gray

Green and gray(shiny)

4/16 There will be Shiny

The rest will be purple.

I don't know why I wrote this, but I was bored, I'm sorry

-silly drazegerzo

I actually don't think so because then Shinies would become that much more mainstream!

Shinies are a very specific glitch in the pokemon's gene's that randomly tick, hence why it takes so long to find one.

Mewtwo's in general are less likely to find a shiny because of this. Pepper being Shiny was literally do to King practically Masuda Methoding it.

Cinder being Shiny is actually a miracle given Ash's smaller litter.

But that is the glory of life~

[adobe-outdesign]

Theory: gravity-defying hair in the Pokémon universe is a trait affected by gender dimorphism. There’s more variation within each gender than between them, like with height and body hair in real life (5’5 men and 5’8 women aren’t uncommon), but it’s stronger in males of similar genotype.

Evidence: Volo’s hair flows up, Cynthia’s does not- even parts of it that are cut short, like her bangs. Cyrus’ hair stands straight up, Cyllene’s is just a little bouncy. Adaman’s hair is very bouncy, Perrin’s is flat.

^ trans

[sammys-magical-au]

Ok wait after talking about Rex’s natural hair color yesterday it got me thinking even more about Clone diversity and genetic mutations - specifically with the Bad Batch (which again, I still have yet to watch, but I will say from what little I know about the characters I would already die for all of them). My thoughts being, what if instead of just having certain heightened skills/senses/etc, the Bad Batch also physically stands out from other Clones in appearance due to genetic mutations caused by slightly unstable genes from the early trials of cloning the Kaminoans did. Here’s my additional thoughts on that;

Hunter would have chimerism (or mosiacism), rather than tattoos (although that would be a cool addition to the condition), which is characterized by an organism possessing two or more distinct genotypes. In humans, this often occurs when twins fuse together in the womb, creating an embryo that almost looks like two or more people fused together in some cases. I personally envision Hunter having slightly lighter skin and hair on one side of his face, and several darker patches of skin and body hair on the rest of his body.

Crosshair would have albinism instead of just having extremely light hair - him having lighter colored pigmentation in general makes way more sense if he’s a true albino rather than “he just looks like that 🤷”. The increased sensitivity to light that people with albinism often have could also contribute to his keen eyesight, though would have a bit of a negative side effect as well considering light would also bother him a lot.

Wrecker would have piebaldism, which honestly I just chose for him bc I think it would look cute on him. Piebaldism is different from vitiligo, which is what I headcanon Echo having, since it is present from birth and is often more randomly placed on the body. It’s also worth noting that piebaldism occasionally occurs with deafness, which Wrecker probably has in canon (in one ear at least) due to his injury, but it would be interesting if it was something he had previously, even before being injured.

Tech was admittedly a bit harder to nail down here, but I think having him be the one and only natural ginger Clone (being a ginger is a genetic mutation, and is slightly similar to albinism in that it’s characterized by lighter skin that has less resistance to sunlight) would be interesting enough, but I also added polydactyly to my headcanon folder for him, which is when a person is born with extra fingers or toes. Tech has six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot rather than five.

I feel like the Bad Batch having these specific genetic mutations would be all the more reason for the Kaminoans to crack down so heavily on “defective” Clones, and could also be a way to highlight the true cruelty of the Kaminoans, as there are no other Clones that have the same genetic mutations as the Bad Batch, and even something as small as lighter colored hair (like I mentioned with Rex) is seen as a defect rather than just natural variation.

Also. I’ll definitely draw these designs on my art blog (@night-terrors-official) like I did for Echo before 😊

[eternal-echoes]

“Human behaviors that many consider to be socially constructed gender stereotypes also appear in primates. Take, for example, young vervet and rhesus monkeys: females prefer to play with dolls, whereas the males opt for toy cars and a ball.(26) Or consider the wild chimpanzee: The females are more likely to cradle a stick in their arms as if it were a baby, whereas the males use the same sticks as weapons.(27) Like humans, if young males apes aren't given the opportunity to play fight with one another, they become more violent as adults.(28)

Many of these gender-related behavioral differences are impacted by hormones. Whereas baby girls tend to prefer the sight of human faces and make more eye contact than male babies (who prefer to look at mechanical moving objects), girls who were exposed to higher levels of testosterone in the womb make less eye contact. Females who were exposed to higher levels of testosterone tend to be less interested in children and have a more difficult time interpreting others' emotions, whereas women with lower levels of the hormone are more interested in parenting, wearing makeup, dressing up, cooking, and interior decorating.(30) Those with higher levels of testosterone tend to be more aggressive, to have decreased verbal abilities, and to have better spatial orientation abilities.(31) However, as the DSM-5 points out, "the prenatal androgen milieu is more closely related to gendered behavior than to gender identity.”(32)

Although behavioral differences offer evidence that sexual distinctions aren't merely culturally constructed, it should be reiterated that women who engage in gender nonconforming behavior are no less female than the women who exhibit more typically "feminine" behavior patterns.”

-Jason Evert, Male, Female, or Other: A Catholic Guide to Understanding Gender

—

Work cited:

26) Cf. Dick Swaab, We Are Our Brains (New York: Penguin Books, 2014), 58; M. Hines, "Sex-Related Variation in Human Behavior and the Brain," Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 (2010), 448-456; J. Hassett et al., "Sex Differences in Rhesus Monkey Toy Preferences Parallel Those of Children," Hormones and Behavior 54 (2008), 359-364.

27) Cf. S. Kahlenberg and R. Wrangham, "Sex Differences in Chimpanzees' Use of Sticks as Play Objects Resemble Those of Children," Current Biology 20 (2010), R1067-R1068; E. Lonsdorf et al., "Boys Will Be Boys: Sex Differences in Wild Infant Chimpanzee Social Interactions," Animal Behavior 88 (2014), 79-83.

28) Cf. J. Higley, "Aggression," in), Primate Psychology, Dario Maestripieri, ed. (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 2003), 17-40.

29) Cf. A. Nordenström et al., "Sex-Typed Toy Play Behavior Correlates with the Degree of Prenatal Androgen Exposure Assessed by CYP21 Genotype in Girls with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia," Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 87 (2002), 5119-5124; Cf. Swaab, We Are Our Brains, 59.

30) Cf., Blum, Sex on the Brain, 184; J. Udry et al., "Androgen Effects on Women's Gendered Behaviour," Journal of Biosocial Science 27:3 (July 1995), 359-368; E. Chapman et al.,"Fetal Testosterone and Empathy: Evidence from the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the 'Reading the Mind of the Eyes' Test," Social Neuroscience 1(2006), 135-148; F. Purifoy and L. Koopmans, "Androstenedione, Testosterone, and Free Testosterone Concentration in Women of Various Occupations," Social Biology 26 (1979), 179-188.

31) Cf. Glezerman, Gender Medicine, 75; P. Celec et al., "On the Effects of Testosterone on Brain Behavioral Functions," Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 (February 17, 2015), 5.

32) DSM-5, 457; Cf. L. Gooren, "The Biology of Human Psychosexual Differentiation," Hormones and Behavior 50(2006), 589; Thomas E. Bevan, The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism: A New View Based on Scientific Evidence (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2014), 111-115.

—

For more recommended resources on gender dysphoria, click here.

[aggiepython]

i’ve been reading a lot about the genetics that affect dog’s coat colors, and i thought i’d try deciphering the genetics of @canisalbus’s characters ludovica and vasco, to aid in designing coat colors for their children. my knowledge is cursory and i know some artistic license was taken in designing them, but i’ve tried my best to come up with something plausible. it ended up being pretty long, but i hope it’s comprehensible and interesting. i wrote a TLDR at the end that has just my predictions.

genetics basics: coat color in most mammals is determined by the amounts of eumelanin, a black pigment, and pheomelanin, an orangey pigment. a dog’s coat color is determined by multiple genetic loci that can have different alleles, which are variations of a gene. genotype is what alleles a dog has, phenotype is what is visible in the dog, they don’t always match up. dogs have 2 alleles for each locus, one inherited from each parent. 2 unique alleles are referred to as heterozygous, 2 of the same are referred to as homozygous. alleles can be dominant or recessive, and there can be more than 2 possible alleles for a locus. for example, albinism is on the C locus, and it’s a recessive allele, so a dog needs 2 copies of it to express albinism. with a dominant allele, the second allele can be anything else and only the dominant allele will be expressed. i don’t go particularly in depth on what each locus does or all the possible alleles for them, but this website has great information that’s in-depth but comprehensible, and also has lost of photos. various wikipedia articles also came in handy. (note: alleles are supposed to be one normal letter with optional additional letters in superscript, i couldn't figure out how to format superscript in tumblr so they're all normal letters)

vasco has a brown colored nose, which is evidence for the liver coloration, which turns black-colored eumelanin brown. this means he has the genotype bb on his B locus, since b is a recessive allele. his snout and eyebrows are also brown, which indicates a melanistic mask, which are usually black, but the liver coloration will turn them brown. the allele EM on the E locus gives him a mask. it’s a dominant allele, so he could have the genotype EMEM or his second allele could be something else. he’s mostly golden colored, so i think his A locus has AY, the sable allele, which causes mostly pheomelanin to be expressed, and eumelanin only sparsely, such as the ears. AY is also dominant, so i’m not sure what his second allele is. i’ve never seen a dog with dark gradients on its limbs like vasco has, i’m chalking that one up to artistic license.

ludovica has a black nose so she must have the genotype BB or Bb. if she’s BB there’s a 100% chance of Bb puppies who also have black noses. if she’s Bb there would be a 50/50 split between black and liver puppies. i think she also has a melanistic mask that is mostly covered up by her white parts, only her eyebrows are visible. if one or both of them was homozygous for EM, there would be a 100% chance of black-masked puppies, since in every case there would be at least one EM allele, which is dominant over other alleles. if both were heterozygous for EM, there would be a 25% chance of a puppy that gets both non-EM alleles and displays a different phenotype (explanation of other E locus alleles here). i think ludovica also has AY on her A locus since she’s mostly orange. same as the E locus, they could both be heterozygous for AY and carry some other allele that has a 25% chance of being expressed (other A locus alleles here).

the S locus controls what parts of the dog are white. ludovica has the genotype sisi, since si is recessive. vasco has the genotype SS or Ssi since he has no white. the allele S is actually only partially dominant over si, Ssi dogs may have a small white patch. i would go for vasco being Ssi so he can produce sisi or Ssi puppies with ludovica, instead of only Ssi. there is argument over how many S alleles there are, some people say there are 4, in a range from no white to almost entirely white. some think there are only 2. there may even be 2 separate genes that control white spotting.

the T locus controls ticking and causes ludovica’s cute freckles. they only appear on white patches, which is why i want vasco to be able to produce offspring with white patches. i also thought she might be merle, but her white patches have a pattern that is less random than merles. the T allele causes ticking and is incompletely dominant over the t allele, which causes no ticking. i think ludovica is Tt since she only has a few ticks. TT has a lot of ticks, tt has none at all. i have no idea about vasco’s genotype, since ticking is only visible on white patches. if he was TT, there would be a 50/50 split of TT and Tt puppies. if he was Tt, there would be 25% TT, 50% Tt and 25% tt. if he was tt, there would be a 50/50 split of Tt and tt.

the L locus is a major factor in hair length. however, i’m pretty sure it isn’t the only one. generally traits are controlled by many genes, but there may be a couple major ones. vasco is probably LL and ludovica is probably ll. the L allele is incompletely dominant, so their puppies would have the genotype Ll and medium length hair. neither of them have wiry or curly hair either. i’m not touching ear shape or body shape, i’m pretty sure those traits are controlled by many genes which makes things messy.

there are a few other loci that i wanted to mention, but they matter less to this case so these next parts are skippable. the K locus makes dogs black, brindle, or non-black. non-black is the most recessive allele, so vasco and ludovica must both be kyky. the D locus makes dogs dilute, which vasco and ludovica are not. normal coloration is dominant, so it’s possible but unlikely that both vasco and ludovica are carriers for dilute coloration and could have a grey-colored puppy. the I locus controls intensity of pheomelanin, it is incompletely dominant like ticking, both vasco and ludovica are very orange so i think they both have the II genotype. other alleles on the I locus cause orange parts to become white or cream.

i’m really getting in the weeds here but the E locus also has an allele called recessive red (ee) that makes the dog completely incapable of producing eumelanin, except for in the nose. it’s actually the same gene that has an allele in humans that produces redheads. at first i thought ludovica had this, but then i saw her eyebrows which are definitely black. i also considered it for vasco, but i think his brown areas are indicative of eumelanin. AY and recessive red can look similar, but recessive red prevents melanin masks or any black/liver coloration.

i also took a crack at machete’s genotype but didn’t get anywhere. obviously he’s albino which hides any other pattern he could have so i have to look at his parents for clues, this picture has both his mom and dad. i thought machete’s mom might have white parts due to sisi on the S locus, but i looked more at her coloration, especially her white eyebrows which seem more indicative of a black and tan dog that has had its tan parts diluted to cream or white due to the I locus. and machete’s dad is plain old black and tan. black and tan is caused by the at allele at the A locus. there’s also a few alleles of the E locus called domino (Eg and EA) which can cause coloration that looks similar to machete’s mom. i feel too uncertain about the genotypes of machete’s parents to make any prediction about machete’s genotype or the genotype of any hypothetical puppies from vasco and machete, and this post has already become ridiculously long. if anyone has stuck around to the end, thanks so much for reading this wall of text, i had a lot of fun researching and writing this.

TLDR: vasco and ludovica’s puppies could have either black (like ludovica) or liver (like vasco) coloration. they probably have melanistic masks and sable coloring like their parents. they could have white patches, or they might not. ticking (freckles) are only visible on white patches, if they have white patches it’s likely they have freckles. they probably have intermediate hair length, not super long or short.

[sufficiently-analyzed-magic]

The Sliding Scale of Eeby Deeby (trademark pending) (not really)

So there's a lot of humans-turned-Pokemon on this website, and I've gathered that you refer to yourself as "eeby deebies" (whatever that means). So as a scientist of the supernatural, I had no choice but to create a taxonomy of eeby deebies.

Note: To fit onto this sliding scale, you have to have once been on either extreme. If you were born as a hybrid/abomination (affectionate), you're a different and yet still incredibly interesting thing yourself. Though the primary definition is those who were once human, those who were once regular Pokemon also technically count by my measure.

On one end of the scale, we have: Normal Human Being. You have not been eeby deebied. You are genetically and phenotypically human.

Now, the next level up is Silent Eeby Deeby. You look human, and you act relatively human, but technically you are part Pokemon. Genotype vs phenotype. Maybe you knock things off a desk on instinct now and again, but you're still human-ish.

And then we start getting into the fun stuff. We're at the skittygirl level. And just general Pokemon traits regardless of gender or species. Whether or not behaviour is affected, you sit at the level of Skittygirl. The level is named Skittygirl because that really embodies what I mean by Pokemon traits. You don't have to be a Skitty hybrid or a girl to count.

Now we have two of my favourite levels. The first here being Hybrid/Abomination (Affectionate). You're an affront to Arceus' design, and we love you for it. No other explanation needed.

And then there is what I call Werelycanroc, or, if you wanna be more technical about it, Shifters. These guys can, well, Shift. Voluntarily or otherwise. They might look normal one day (or they might never look normal), and be a total Lycanroc the next (or they might never fully shift). This level has a lot of variation.

Here we have the levels where you start to look more Pokemon that human.

The Reverse Skittygirl is the reverse of the Skittygirl classification. That sounds obvious now that I type it, but it's essentially a Pokemon with human traits. Occasionally horrifying!

Next is our lovely friend the Talking Pokemon. What it says on the tin. The talking is usually powered by magic but occasionally they just Have Vocal Cords.

The next level is the Intelligent But Can't Talk Pokemon. Also what it says on the tin.

And the final level is Just A Pokemon. No more intelligent than a regular member of their species, usually can't type. Most likely level to be under the care of a Trainer.

Thank you for reading the Sliding Scale of Eeeby Deeby. Note that as it's a Sliding Scale, there's levels within levels and places on the spectrum, so there's nuance to it.

[amphiriteaquarium]

you win....lORE AND MERMAIDS WOAH AOAH.(i'm lazy)

These is 2 of the 6 so....yeah!

Gather around my sweet guppies as i tell you about something you may or not way to hear about. So in the world of sbr there is "tribes" which refers to different mer.

Atlantic:

Due to the amount of history ,specially around travels and economy this ocean has it makes sense this poblation has interacted more than humans than any other.

Pacific:

i KNOW you have seen those north sea vids on tiktok. do not even lie to me, also one of the most variated in flora and fauna oceans due to it's large extension. This is the home of the apex predator, a type of merfolk that mainly hunts and is known to drown sailors more than once the 'siren' genotype mermaids whom have almost hypnotic signing!