#geneflow

[ithisatanytime]

Charli XCX — Round & Round [fan-made lyric video]

 today was weird in that two separate things i had been thinking about quite a lot recently, one for years, namely that ethopia probably isnt anything like modern ethopia in terms of location and size even conceptually, and i was telling my sister about this today (she loves it everyone loves when i do that) and then coincidentally i found a few seperate quotes from socrates and a few other ancient sources describing aethopia to mean anything south of the nile, and ive been weirdly obsessed with the racial make up of india for a while now, a few years ago it was announced that their shared genetic ancestry with with australian aborigines (damn that is a mouthful i wonder if there is a shorter way of saying it in colloquial australian) and i spent a long time theorizing about how those genes flowed back and forth and how that geneflow was restricted by culture etc. and then i stumbled on that quote below, not only did it clarify my thoughts on that, but it showed once and for all that egyptians were not black they were most similar to north indians at the time so two thousand years ago. i think they were a bit lighter than they are now, i think thats the pattern. you see it play out in real time, i say this without judgement, but white flight is happening again but the media is largely ignoring it, its not impossible to think that in a thousand years or hell even a hundred years, that ethiopians built the eifel tower

[prose2passion]

The movement of people across the Bering Sea from North Asia to North America is a well-known phenomenon in early human history. Nevertheless, the genetic makeup of the  people who lived in North Asia during this time has remained mysterious due to a limited number of ancient genomes analyzed from this region. Now, researchers reporting in Current Biology on January 12 describe genomes from ten individuals up to 7,500 years old that help to fill the gap and show geneflow from people moving in the opposite direction from North America to North Asia.

[thatsleepymermaid]

This is barbaric and stupid. So many people will become hurt thanks to this. Many southwestern North American Species will go extinct due to lack of genetic diversity. Even if we get a new president the amount of hurt the old one did will be here for millions of years to come thanks to this unnecessary evolutionary step.  I have no fucking clue how they got around the endangered species act. The species that regularly migrate (jaguars, panthers, monarchs and many types of lizards) will have to find new hunting and hibernating grounds. 

[janellekaz]

We are hurling through space on a world filled with beautiful and bizarre creatures, all borrowing energy, passing on genetic information, living, adapting, and dying. This is a five month old orphaned sloth, who is currently being nurtured and cared for until she is ready to return to the wild. Had her mother not been poached, she would be clinging to her high in the trees. Thanks to the Aiunau foundation, she’ll have a second chance. Aiunau is also working to train local law enforcement and educate communities about protecting these animals in the wild. . Next up is to create corridors in Colombia so that the intact areas of habitat are connected, enabling sloths, monkeys, and bush dogs (among others) to move through forested land, allowing necessary gene flow. . @faiunau . #sloth #perezoso #wildliferescue #wildliferehabilitation #colombia #wildlifecorridor #geneflow #biodiversity #geneticlibrary #wearealltrulywild https://www.instagram.com/p/CDjp_nkBmiS/?igshid=1njbj3izp4fp7

[jayrockin]

These truly spectacular maps were created by @cmaidaartworkblog!

Centaur Homeplanet

Star: K-class, main sequence Position from star: first Axial tilt: 51 degrees Gravity: 0.85g Terrestrial vegetation: yellow, ocher

The centaur homeplanet has extreme polar seasons because of its 51 degree axial tilt. Most of the settled regions are in the equatorial sweet spot where the sunlight is always oblique, but unlike the poles, it's not sunless tundra for half the year and nightless desert for the other half. Enormous mountain ranges, taller than most on Earth, divide much of the continent's interior.

The recently formed megacontinent forms a continuous loop around the globe, and nomadic groups walk entire the loop every year. Nightchasers are the groups that follow the planet's winters, entering the polar areas during their spring seasons. Sunchasers follow the planet's summers, entering the polar areas during their autumn. The nomads mostly travel along the East Ocean's coast, so that's where the most geneflow happens in the settled groups. Nomads themselves are also highly variable in appearance, though they trend towards autumnal camouflage and spring camouflage.

Most of the ethnicity names are derived from the names that the Shess call the other groups, since that's where the majority of alien embassies are on the centaur homeplanet and thus where most of the Jovian English loanwords come from. Note that these are not the same as political regions-- because of the clan system, centaur polities are not divided up the same way human polities are. The majority of centaurs living in space are from the nomad ethnic groups. The Shess call them Skychasers.

PATREON | Runaway to the Stars

[kemetic-dreams]

Where did Native Americans originally come from? How and when did humans get to the Americas?

Native Americans largely descend from an East Asian-related population (genetically East-Eurasian) from Siberia, known as “Ancestral Native Americans” (ANA).Native Americans harbored about 10% to 20% deeply European-related ancestry too, next to their East Asian-related ancestry. Paleo-Siberians are probably the closest relatives of Native Americans.Native Americans migrated from Siberia into the Beringian region and than into the Americas, were they rapidly diversified and populated the American continent.The majority ancestry of the Native Americans can be traced back to the East-Eurasian lineage, which expanded from Mainland Southeast Asia northwards and southwards respectively at ~50,000BC:

A study published in the Nature journal in 2018 concluded that Native Americans descended from a single founding population which initially split from East Asians at about ~36,000 BC, with geneflow between Ancestral Native Americans and Siberians persisting until ~25,000BC, before becoming isolated in the Americas at ~22,000BC. Northern and Southern Native American subpopulationes split from each other at ~17,500BC. There is also some evidence for a back-migration from the Americas into Siberia after ~11,500BC.

A study published in the Cell journal in 2019, analysed 49 ancient Native American samples from all over North and South America, and concluded that all Native American populations descended from an single ancestral source population which split from Siberians and East Asians, and gave rise to the Ancestral Native Americans, which later diverged into the various Indigenous groups. The authors further dismissed previous claims for the possibility of two distinct population groups among the peopling of the Americas and concluded that both Northern and Southern Native Americans are closest to each other, and do not show evidence of admixture with hypothetical previous populations.

Another study published in the Nature journal in 2021, which analysed a large amount of ancient genomes, similarly concluded that all Native Americans descended from the movement of people from Northeast Asia into the Americas. These Ancestral Americans, once south of the continental ice sheets, spread and expanded rapidly, and branched into multiple groups, which later gave rise to the major subgroups of Native American populations. The study also dismissed the existence of an hypothetical distinct non-Native American population (suggested to have been related to Indigenous Australians and Papuans), sometimes called "Paleoamerican". The authors posited that these previous claims were based on a misinterpreted genetic echo, which was revealed to represent early East-Eurasian geneflow (close but distinct to the 40,000BC old Tianyuan lineage) into Aboriginal Australians and Papuans.

Native Americans therefore came from Asia, specifically Siberia, and ultimately from Mainland Southeast Asia. They arrived in the Americas probably at 22,000BC.

Genetically they are close to East Asians, Southeast Asians and especially Siberians:

[cedar-glade]

Plant blindness in island biogeographical endemism models of the past.

Im stoked, more and more papers are being re-accessed 

It’s funny, within’ the animal world we talk about geneflow and dead ends as something thats somewhat transparent, apparent to the extent where inbreeding and inbreeding depression are vary visible. Many old books on plants seem to be written based off of these concepts of gene flow and are always under the assumption of plant species becoming evolutionary dead ends when stands are too far apart for supposed gene flow. Now with R studio packages, so many of these old theories are being tossed in the trash. God bless UMAP and Seurat packages, god bless the genetic marker detection and the easy stats function because now we can literally track migration of gene flow and show that Insect dispersal and wind dispersal lead to population stability in places that seem geographically isolated from other populations more and more. cryptic pollen parent immigration detected by genetic marks is also easily backed by Fst tests which means that island speciation events usually occur at the genetic level, Mutation of proteins for pollen acceptance, or in polyploidy selection events more than just being driven by lack of gene flow.  

[sciencespies]

Larger streams are critical for wild brook trout conservation

https://sciencespies.com/nature/larger-streams-are-critical-for-wild-brook-trout-conservation/

Larger streams are critical for wild brook trout conservation

The Latin name for brook trout — Salvelinus fontinalis — means “speckled fish of the fountains,” but a new study by Penn State researchers suggests, for the first time, that the larger streams and rivers those fountains, or headwaters, flow into may be just as important to the brook trout.

With few exceptions, brook trout are found now only in small mountain streams that stay cold enough year-round to meet their biological needs, below 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Because these trout in the United States are threatened by a warming climate, many have assumed those headwater habitats alone are critical for their survival.

But a genetic analysis of brook trout in streams across the 460-square-mile Loyalsock Creek drainage in north-central Pennsylvania shows that the fish are very similar genetically, suggesting close relatedness among populations. The only way that could have happened, according to researcher Shannon White, postdoctoral scholar in the College of Agricultural Sciences, is fish moving between tributaries in the 86-mile-long Loyalsock Creek.

Temperatures in Loyalsock Creek exceed brook trout thermal tolerance from approximately June through September, White pointed out, so fish are believed to inhabit only the bigger river system during the winter. Although the behavior and survival of brook trout in Loyalsock Creek are not well understood, researchers hypothesize that some brook trout move into the mainstem after spawning in a tributary in October or November and stay until late spring, when some swim up new tributaries.

“It’s pretty simple — if widespread populations are related genetically, it indicates that fish are moving around between those populations,” she said. “There’s a high degree of genetic connectivity between populations separated by the mainstem, and that indicates that brook trout are swimming into Loyalsock Creek and using it as a movement corridor to connect populations in other tributaries.”

Understanding patterns of population connectivity is critical for species conservation, White added, because populations that are more connected typically are able to survive and adapt to disturbance and stress.

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To build what White called “a family tree” of brook trout in the Loyalsock drainage, researchers collected 1,627 adult brook trout from 33 sites, with an average of 49 individuals collected from each site. They clipped the caudal fins of those fish and conducted genetic analysis on those tissue samples.

To estimate statistically how unique habitat features, such as road culverts and waterfalls found in streams, influence the movement of wild brook trout, researchers developed what they call the “bidirectional geneflow in riverscapes” model as part of a practical framework that uses genetic data to understand patterns and drivers of fish movement.

The novel modeling approach is significant, explained researcher Tyler Wagner, adjunct professor of fisheries ecology, because it shows that brook trout ��� at least in the Loyalsock Creek watershed — are not confined just to the headwaters. They are using the mainstem as a seasonal, thermally suitable corridor for movement.

There is no reason to expect that the Loyalsock drainage is different from others in the East, Wagner contends, so these results likely have implications for the conservation and management of wild brook trout. Specifically, these results suggest that conservation of larger streams and rivers may be necessary to protect and conserve critical brook-trout movement corridors that keep brook trout populations healthy.

“Some of the most fundamental questions in ecology relate to how organisms move through their environment,” said Wagner, who is assistant leader of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Penn State. “These questions historically have been hard to address in fishes because it can be difficult statistically to estimate how unique habitat features found in streams and rivers influence movement. To address this void, we developed the riverscapes geneflow model.”

The findings of the Penn State study, recently published in Ecological Applications, contrast with other research related to brook trout behavior, White conceded. The consensus has been that trout do not move very far, she said. “But Loyalsock Creek is a fairly big watershed, and we have found that fish are moving quite a bit, and populations on opposite ends of the watershed are connected to one another genetically.”

However, White, who conducted a wide range of research on the brook trout population in the Loyalsock drainage while pursuing her doctoral degree in ecology at Penn State, noted that only a small proportion of the fish travel — and it is not just the young males that branch out. This is different from most wildlife species.

“In a separate study we used telemetry to monitor the movement of 162 fish and found that there is a small proportion of the population that moves,” she said. “It’s only about 20% of fish that get into Loyalsock Creek. In terms of males, females, and the size of fish that are moving, it doesn’t really seem to make a difference. This would suggest that there may be a genetic component to movement, in the sense that some fish have genes that are programmed to make them travel.”

#Nature

[evoldir]

Graduate position: BiKF_Frankfurt.MammalianEvolutionaryGenomics

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, gerne mchten wir auf Ihrem Jobportal die folgende PhD-Stellenausschreibung verffentlichen. _____ Job offer ref. #11-17020 The Senckenberg Gesellschaft fr Naturforschung (SGN) is a member of the Leibniz Association and is based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. SGN conducts natural history research with almost 800 employees and research institutions in six federal states. Within SGN, the Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) explores the interactions between biodiversity, climate, and society. Senckenberg BiK-F invites applications for a PhD position in Mammalian Evolutionary Genomics (50 %) There is an exciting opportunity for a talented and motivated applicant to join the research group of Prof. Dr. Axel Janke. The applicant is expected to be closely involved in evolutionary, population- or phylogenomics to study speciation and geneflow in mammals (bears, giraffe, kangaroos or other) at the genomic level. Your profile: - Master degree in Biology, Genetics, Bioinformatics or a related field - Strong interest and proven skills in evolutionary, population or phylogenetics - Experience in analyzing genomic data of eukaryotes - Very good written and oral communication skills in English - Interest to be involved in an international and interdisciplinary group to expand the work to species distribution modeling, paternal inference and conservation genetics Salary and benefits are according to a full time public service position in Germany (TV-H E 13, 50%). The contract should start on February 1st, 2018 and will initially be limited until January 31st, 2021. The Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre supports equal opportunity of men and women and therefore strongly invites women to apply. Equally qualified handicapped applicants will be given preference. The place of employment is in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The employer is the Senckenberg Gesellschaft fr Naturforschung. Please send your application, mentioning the reference of this job offer (ref. #11-17020) before November 12th, 2017 by e-mail (attachment in a single pdf document) and including a cover letter detailing research interests and experience, a detailed CV and a copy of your Master degree to: Senckenberg Gesellschaft fr Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main E-Mail: recruiting@senckenberg.de For scientific enquiries please get in contact with Prof. Dr. Axel Janke, axel.janke@senckenberg.de _____ Fr Ihre Mhen bedanken wir uns bereits im Voraus. Mit freundlichen Gren /Best Regards Jessica Helm Personalsachbearbeiterin SENCKENBERG Gesellschaft fr Naturforschung (Rechtsfhiger Verein gem 22 BGB) Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Besucheradresse: Voltastrae 1, 60486 Frankfurt am Main (5. Obergeschoss) Telefon/Phone: 0049 (0)69 / 7542 - Leiterin Personal & Soziales - 1458 Loke, Uta Stellv. Leiterin Gruppe Personal & Soziales - 1319 Elsen, Carina Mitarbeiter/in Personalbeschaffung (Recruiting) - 1313 di Biase, Maria - 1313 Helm, Jessica - 1478 Gajcevic, Isabel Fax: 0049 (0)69 / 7542-1467 Mail: recruiting@senckenberg.de Direktorium: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Volker Mosbrugger, Prof. Dr. Andreas Mulch, Stephanie Schwedhelm, Prof. Dr. Katrin Bhning-Gaese, Prof. Dr. Uwe Fritz, Prof. Dr. Ingrid Krncke Prsidentin: Dr. h. c. Beate Heraeus Aufsichtsbehrde: Magistrat der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (Ordnungsamt) Senckenberg forscht fr Ihr Leben gern! http://bit.ly/2gSrhDJ recruiting via Gmail

[blockchainbusinesscommunity-blog]

Connectome（CNTM）が5月6日、ABCC（シンガポール）、Chain X（韓国）にて試験販売

Connectomeとは、日本チームがIOT、AI、Robotics及びBlockchain技術を活かしたバーチャルヒューマンエージェント。ConnectomeはGeneFlowとTCRを採用することで、AIのブラックボックス問題を解決するソリューションとして、安全性を高めることが実現できる。2019年5月6日（月）には独自トークンであるConnectome（CNTM）が、ABCC（シンガポール）、Chain X（韓国）にて試験販売を開始されている。このプロジェクトには、Blockchain EXEが参画しており、主な構成メンバーとしては、KDDI、LINE、IBM及びRakutenのメンバーがいる。報道によると、QRC Group、Infinity Blockchain Group、NOVA Ecofundなどの法人や投資機構が同プロジェクトへの投資を行ったとのこと。 (more…)

[gyaneshwer]

Press coverage of ‘Like Sugar in Milk’ (Parsi Saga)

Nearly 2 months ago, our collaborative work on Parsis was out in Genome Biology. It was a grand effort of several institutions. Estonian Biocentre, Estonia; Sanger Institute, UK; CCMB, Hyderabad, India; University of Cambridge UK; Deccan College, India and couple of Institutes from Pakistan. 

Unfortunately, during this work the father of Pakistani genome project Prof Syed Q Mehdi passed away :(. His demise was a big loss of not only to Pakistan but also to the South Asia. In his memory, we dedicated this paper to him. 

In this paper, we merged genetic data together with the Archaeological data. The work of Dr Veena Mushrif was immense in this project. Dr Niraj Rai, the brilliant aDNA expert from India managed to bag out the mtDNA data from the ancient samples which was quite crucial to draw the conclusion on maternal geneflow.

On the modern DNA, Dr Qasim Ayub, Dr Massimo Mezzavila, Dr Toomas Kivisild and me performed several analyses rigorously. I have summarised the results in an invited blog to Genome Biology. During the whole work, Dr Shernaz Cama was extremely helpful. Each and every community in India needs a dedicated person like her. 

After the publication, for the follow-up work, in addition to the above-mentioned institutions, we are now collaborating with the Parzor Foundation and AVESTHAGEN. Niraj will be working further to generate high-quality sequence data from ancient samples. 

Below are the coverage from press and blogposts on this article-

The Hindu Business Line: http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/how-parsis-with-persian-roots-flowered-in-indian-soil/article9730657.ece First Post: http://www.firstpost.com/india/genetic-study-conducted-in-india-pakistan-confirms-parsis-migrated-to-india-from-persia-3659417.html Daily Pioneer: http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/parsis-face-existential-crisis-as-population-dwindles-to-57000.html Deccan Chronicle: http://www.deccanchronicle.com/science/science/090617/dna-proves-parsis-link-to-iran.html Times of India: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/study-shows-parsis-migrated-to-india-from-iran/articleshow/59148462.cms Nature Asia: http://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2017.67 Biovoice News: http://www.biovoicenews.com/genetic-study-confirms-parsi-migration/ News Room 24: https://newsroom24x7.com/2017/06/16/genetic-study-confirms-parsi-migration/ Dainik Jagran: http://minextlive.jagran.com/why-parsi-community-is-deceased-day-by-day-in-india-201706280009 Genome Biology Blog: http://blogs.biomedcentral.com/on-biology/2017/06/21/piecing-together-genetic-histories-of-isolated-populations/ Sanger Institute Blog: https://sangerinstitute.blog/2017/06/29/like-sugar-in-milk-parsi-populations-from-india-and-pakistan/ Deccan Herald: http://www.deccanherald.com/content/620950/tracing-origin-subcontinents-parsi-population.html The Telegraph: https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170616/jsp/nation/story_157125.jsp

Our data had very little overlap (~70K SNPs) with the data published in Broushaki 2016 paper, which was actually containing the Zoroastrian from the Iran. Below are the PCA and fineSTRUCTURE analyses which show the expected results.