#fungal microscopy

[fungusqueen]

Teleomorphs of an Ascomycete (this was a cup fungi but the term refers to any fungi producing spores on what is referred to as the ascus). These are shown under the microscope with Lugol's solution at a recent fungal microscopy workshop. My last fungal microscopy workshop was on Basidiomycetes and it was cool to see the difference in cutting pieces of specimens to make slides, and the difference in spore-bearing structures under magnification. Lugol's solutions and other reagents can loosen tissues and dissolve pigments and mucilage, making spores easier to observe. Reagents can also produce color changing reactions that can inform species identification

[sourcedecay]

That post that called the relationship btwn plants and mycorrhizal fungi “yuri stuff” lives rent free in my head

[wikipediapictures]

Rhodotorula

“Rhodotorula mucilaginosa cells, methylene blue stain, magnification 400 x, notice the oval yeast cells as well as filamentous structures (pseudohyphae).” - via Wikimedia Commons

[er-cryptid]

Fungal filaments under 10x

[bpod-bpod]

Killing with Kindness

Sharing is caring, but it can also be deadly. Here, we see small spheres on the surface of fungus Candida parapsilosis. These are vesicles: membrane bubbles that allow cells to share. One cell wraps up molecules in vesicles and releases them into the world; another captures and absorbs them. Researchers have shown that different Candida species use vesicles to help each other establish human infections. Using this route, the fungi swap proteins that help them to form biofilms – aggregates of cells embedded in a slimy matrix. When fungi grow this way, they can tolerate antifungal drugs, making their infections harder to treat and deadlier. Scientists found that supplying Candida vesicles to a strain lacking the proteins needed to form biofilms allowed it to produce the structure. This sharing likely happens in the human body too. If we can stop the generosity of these fungi, we may be able to better treat their infections.

Written by Henry Stennett

Image from work by Robert Zarnowski and colleagues

Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), September 2022

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[sulkybbarnes]

Hello ! I have read -per your tags- that you are a fungi biologist !!! First this is very cool, second i have a question about MOLD if its ok :)

Can you eat jam where the mold has been removed ? What is the general rule if there is one behind NO eating bc mold or ok eating if removed ? Im really curious about it +is it true that mold can grow in your body ? (I had a pack of unfortunately moldy tobbaco and a friend insisted on smoking it and i had to use the argument that they would become Moldy From The Lungs to stop them.... but is this true ?)

Anyhow, thank you for your time and keep on fungin' <3

Hey pal! First of all, thank you for the question (and for thinking fungal biology is cool haha), it was absolutely delightful for me to get this. I wish people talked to me about fungi outside of work more often! 🍄

As a disclaimer: my work is mostly molecular biology work on Saccharomyces cerevisiae aka Brewer's Yeast, and occasionally Candida albicans, and neither of these is closely connected to the mold question. I'm by no means a food safety expert either, but with that out of the way:

The short answer is that I would not eat jam with mold on it, even if you remove the mold. I would say that the rule to go by is that if it's a soft food with mold on it, discard the whole thing. If it’s something "hard" like a hard cheese, then it's probably safe to cut away the mold and eat the cheese. I found this little guide that seems quite reasonable and helpful to me, and it’ll tell you more about what types of food grow mold and how to handle them if you scroll to the end!

The long answer: Molds, like a lot of fungi, grow multicellular filaments called hyphae (Brand & Gow, 2009; Brand, 2012) which are only micrometres long. Meaning that you would need a microscope to be able to see them. Think of them as invisible roots or arms that can spread through your food. The fuzzy, green/grey/white manifestation that you see of the mold is a “colony” or in other words a network of cells or hyphae (Miguélez et al., 1999) depending on the organism. If you can see it, it is because it has been growing for a while, and that most likely means that your food is already contaminated with the “roots”. And these aren’t harmless; because depending on the type of mold, they can produce mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are biochemicals the cell makes which can cause serious harm to your health (Gonkowski et al., 2020). They have been known to cause allergic reactions, gastrointestinal issues, and poisoning. This is all dependent on the type of mycotoxin and the concentration of it, and the individual’s health, but I reckon this is the case where you want to be safe not sorry. From Gonkowski et al: “It is known that mycotoxins may act on many internal organs and systems, including, among others, nervous, reproductive and immunological systems, metabolic processes and endocrine glands” (Rykaczewska et al., 2019). In some cases, bacteria can also grow with the mold and cause illness. So, the long answer also boils down to: no, don’t eat it, it’s really not worth the risk.

And, yes, mold can grow in human lungs if the spores are inhaled. Granted that is most likely to happen with immunocompromised individuals as far as I know, but! I would advise against sniffing it at any rate haha.

I'm including the references in the text and at the end for fun, in case you’re interested to read more about this or see the microscopy images in the papers!!

Happy and safe eating 🍄😊

Brand, A. (2012) ‘Hyphal growth in human fungal pathogens and its role in virulence’, International Journal of Microbiology, 2012, pp. 1–11. doi:10.1155/2012/517529.

Brand, A. and Gow, N.A. (2009) ‘Mechanisms of hypha orientation of fungi’, Current Opinion in Microbiology, 12(4), pp. 350–357. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2009.05.007.

Gonkowski, S., Gajęcka, M. and Makowska, K. (2020) ‘Mycotoxins and the enteric nervous system’, Toxins, 12(7), p. 461. doi:10.3390/toxins12070461.

Miguélez, E.M., Hardisson, C. and Manzanal, M.B. (1999) ‘Hyphal death during colony development in streptomyces antibioticus: Morphological evidence for the existence of a process of cell deletion in a multicellular prokaryote’, The Journal of Cell Biology, 145(3), pp. 515–525. doi:10.1083/jcb.145.3.515.

Rykaczewska, A. et al. (2019) ‘Imbalance in the blood concentrations of selected steroids in pre-pubertal gilts depending on the time of exposure to low doses of Zearalenone’, Toxins, 11(10), p. 561. doi:10.3390/toxins11100561.

[drpanchallab]

What is the Specimen collection for fungal testing?

Fungal microscopy and culture specimens are carried to the laboratory in a sterile container or a black paper envelope. They are as follows:

Scale scrapings, preferably collected from the rash's leading edge after the skin has been cleansed with alcohol

Skin is removed using adhesive tape and placed on a glass slide.

Hair that has been pulled from the roots

Brushings from a scaling region on the scalp

Skin scraped from beneath a nail or nail clippings

A skin biopsy

In a specific transport medium, a moist swab from a mucosal surface (inside the mouth or vagina) is placed.

In case of subsequent bacterial infection, a swab should be collected from pustules.

If you are looking Diagnostic Lab, Consult Dr. Panchal Lab and Diagnostics Centre one of the best Diagnostics Centre in Borivali.

[health-views-updates]

The Evolving Clinical Microbiology Market: Future Trends and Predictions

The global clinical microbiology market, valued at USD 4.3 billion in 2023, is projected to expand significantly to USD 7.4 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9% over the forecast period from 2024 to 2032. This growth reflects the increasing demand for advanced diagnostic tools and the ongoing efforts to enhance disease detection and management in clinical settings.

Clinical microbiology plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring infectious diseases, guiding effective treatment strategies, and ensuring patient safety. The market's expansion is driven by the rising incidence of infectious diseases, technological advancements in diagnostic methods, and the growing focus on personalized medicine and precision diagnostics.

Market Drivers

Rising Prevalence of Infectious Diseases The global burden of infectious diseases, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, is increasing. This rising prevalence creates a substantial demand for accurate and timely diagnostic solutions. Clinical microbiology provides essential tools for detecting pathogens, identifying antibiotic resistance, and guiding treatment decisions.

Advancements in Diagnostic Technologies Technological innovations in clinical microbiology, such as molecular diagnostics, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and automated systems, are transforming the landscape of infectious disease diagnostics. These advancements enhance the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of diagnostic processes, driving market growth.

Increasing Focus on Personalized Medicine Personalized medicine emphasizes tailoring treatment to individual patients based on their unique genetic and molecular profiles. Clinical microbiology contributes to this approach by providing detailed information about pathogen profiles and antibiotic susceptibility, enabling personalized and targeted treatment strategies.

Growing Need for Rapid Diagnostic Solutions The demand for rapid diagnostic solutions has surged, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fast and accurate diagnostics are critical for controlling the spread of infections, managing outbreaks, and ensuring timely treatment. Clinical microbiology advancements address this need by offering rapid and reliable diagnostic tools.

Rising Government and Private Investments Increased investments in healthcare infrastructure, research and development, and diagnostic technologies are fueling the growth of the clinical microbiology market. Governments and private entities are focusing on improving diagnostic capabilities to enhance public health and combat infectious diseases.

Get Free Sample Report: https://www.snsinsider.com/sample-request/4517 

Market Segmentation

The clinical microbiology market is segmented based on product type, application, end-user, and region.

By Product Type:

Instruments Diagnostic instruments such as automated analyzers, culture systems, and microscopy tools are crucial for clinical microbiology. Innovations in these instruments enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, contributing to market growth.

Reagents and Consumables Reagents and consumables, including culture media, diagnostic kits, and molecular diagnostic reagents, are essential components of clinical microbiology testing. The growing demand for these products drives the market, as they are vital for conducting various diagnostic assays.

Software and Services Software solutions and services for data analysis, laboratory management, and diagnostic reporting are becoming increasingly important in clinical microbiology. These tools support efficient workflow management and data interpretation, enhancing diagnostic processes.

By Application:

Bacterial Infections Bacterial infections remain a major focus of clinical microbiology, with diagnostic solutions aimed at identifying bacterial pathogens and assessing antibiotic resistance patterns. The increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria drives demand for advanced diagnostic methods.

Viral Infections The detection and monitoring of viral infections, including influenza, HIV, and emerging viruses, are critical applications in clinical microbiology. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of viral diagnostics, boosting market growth.

Fungal Infections Fungal infections, although less common than bacterial and viral infections, are a growing concern, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Clinical microbiology provides essential tools for the identification and treatment of fungal pathogens.

Parasitic Infections Diagnostic solutions for parasitic infections are also vital, especially in regions with high prevalence rates. Clinical microbiology supports the detection and management of parasitic diseases, contributing to market expansion.

By End-User:

Hospitals and Clinics Hospitals and clinics are the primary end-users of clinical microbiology diagnostics, relying on these tools for patient diagnosis and treatment. The growing number of healthcare facilities and increased diagnostic testing drive demand in this segment.

Diagnostic Laboratories Diagnostic laboratories play a key role in performing microbiological tests and supporting healthcare providers with accurate diagnostic results. The expansion of diagnostic laboratories and their increasing adoption of advanced technologies contribute to market growth.

Research and Academic Institutions Research and academic institutions use clinical microbiology tools for studying infectious diseases, developing new diagnostic methods, and advancing scientific knowledge. Investments in research and academic activities drive demand for innovative diagnostic solutions.

By Region:

North America North America dominates the clinical microbiology market due to the presence of advanced healthcare infrastructure, high research and development investments, and a well-established diagnostic industry. The U.S. and Canada are key contributors to market growth in this region.

Europe Europe follows closely, with increasing investments in healthcare research and diagnostic technologies. Countries such as Germany, the U.K., and France are major players in the clinical microbiology market, driven by advancements in diagnostic methods and rising disease prevalence.

Asia-Pacific The Asia-Pacific region is experiencing rapid growth in the clinical microbiology market, fueled by increasing healthcare needs, rising disease incidence, and expanding healthcare infrastructure. Emerging economies like China and India are key contributors to market expansion in this region.

Latin America and Middle East & Africa Latin America and the Middle East & Africa regions are witnessing growth in the clinical microbiology market, driven by improving healthcare facilities, rising awareness of infectious diseases, and investments in diagnostic technologies.

Key Market Players

Several prominent companies are driving innovation and growth in the clinical microbiology market, including:

Thermo Fisher Scientific A leading player in the diagnostic industry, Thermo Fisher offers a wide range of clinical microbiology solutions, including instruments, reagents, and software.

BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company) BD provides advanced diagnostic systems and solutions for clinical microbiology, focusing on improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

bioMérieux bioMérieux is a global leader in microbiology diagnostics, offering innovative solutions for detecting infectious diseases and monitoring antibiotic resistance.

Roche Diagnostics Roche Diagnostics delivers cutting-edge diagnostic technologies for clinical microbiology, including molecular diagnostics and automated systems.

Abbott Laboratories Abbott Laboratories offers a comprehensive portfolio of clinical microbiology solutions, including reagents, instruments, and software for accurate and timely diagnostics.

Future Outlook

The clinical microbiology market is poised for substantial growth, driven by technological advancements, increasing disease prevalence, and rising demand for accurate diagnostic solutions. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, clinical microbiology will play a pivotal role in enhancing disease detection, improving patient outcomes, and supporting public health initiatives.

[entomoblog]

Two +ssRNA mycoviruses cohabiting the fungal cultivar of leafcutter ants | Virology Journal | Full Text

See on Scoop.it - EntomoNews

Leafcutter ants are dominant herbivores in the Neotropics and rely on a fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) to transform freshly gathered leaves into a source of nourishment rather than consuming the vegetation directly. Here we report two virus-like particles that were isolated from L. gongylophorus and observed using transmission electron microscopy. RNA sequencing identified two +ssRNA mycovirus strains, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus tymo-like virus 1 (LgTlV1) and Leucoagaricus gongylophorus magoulivirus 1 (LgMV1). Genome annotation of LgTlV1 (7401 nt) showed conserved domains for methyltransferase, endopeptidase, viral RNA helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The smaller genome of LgMV1 (2636 nt) contains one open reading frame encoding an RdRp. While we hypothesize these mycoviruses function as symbionts in leafcutter farming systems, further study will be needed to test whether they are mutualists, commensals, or parasites.

  Two +ssRNA mycoviruses cohabiting the fungal cultivar of leafcutter ants | Virology Journal | Full Text

  Published: 04 September 2024

  ------

NDÉ

Traduction

  Deux mycovirus +ssRNA cohabitant avec le cultivar fongique des fourmis coupe-feuille

  Les fourmis coupe-feuille sont des herbivores dominants dans les régions néotropicales et dépendent d'un champignon (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) pour transformer les feuilles fraîchement cueillies en source de nourriture plutôt que de consommer la végétation directement.

  Nous rapportons ici deux particules semblables à des virus qui ont été isolées de L. gongylophorus et observées à l'aide de la microscopie électronique à transmission. Le séquençage de l'ARN a permis d'identifier deux souches de mycovirus +ssRNA, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus tymo-like virus 1 (LgTlV1) et Leucoagaricus gongylophorus magoulivirus 1 (LgMV1).

  [...]

  Bien que nous ayons émis l'hypothèse que ces mycovirus fonctionnent comme des symbiotes dans les cultures des fourmis coupe-feuille, des études supplémentaires seront nécessaires pour vérifier s'ils sont des mutualistes, des commensaux ou des parasites.

  [Atta sp / Acromyrmex sp]

[vadzoseo]

Unlocking High-Definition Microscopy in Life Sciences with 13MP USB Camera

Microscopy is a vital tool in the life sciences that allows researchers to examine biological processes, microbes, and cellular structures at a detailed level. The possibilities of microscopes increase with technology, especially when high-resolution cameras are used. The adoption of a 13MP USB camera is one such development that is transforming high-definition microscopy. This blog examines the ways in which a 13MP USB camera, with its unmatched clarity and detail, improves life sciences research.

The Development of Camera Integration and Microscopy

Microscopy has come a long way from its rudimentary beginnings. The integration of digital cameras into microscopes marked a significant shift from analog to digital imaging. Traditionally, high-resolution imaging required expensive and complex systems. However, the advent of the 13MP USB camera has democratized access to high-definition microscopy by combining superior resolution with the simplicity of USB connectivity.

A 13MP USB camera, with its high-resolution capabilities, offers researchers an edge in capturing detailed images of microscopic specimens. This resolution translates to greater clarity, allowing for more accurate analysis and documentation of biological samples.

Why Choose a 13MP USB Camera for Microscopy?

1. Superior Image Quality

The 13MP USB camera stands out due to its impressive resolution, providing researchers with high-definition images that are crucial for detailed analysis. This camera's ability to capture images with 13 megapixels ensures that even the finest details of cellular structures are visible. Whether studying cell morphology, tissue samples, or microbial organisms, the clarity provided by a 13MP USB camera enhances the ability to make precise observations and measurements.

2. Enhanced Accuracy and Detail

In life sciences research, accuracy is paramount. The high resolution of a 13MP USB camera allows for detailed imaging that can reveal subtle features that might be missed with lower-resolution cameras. This level of detail is especially important for tasks such as identifying specific cell types, observing cellular processes, and conducting quantitative analyses.

3. Streamlined Workflow

Integrating a 13MP USB camera with a microscope simplifies the imaging process. The USB connectivity ensures a straightforward setup, eliminating the need for complex cabling and interfaces. Researchers can easily connect the camera to a computer or laptop, view real-time images, and capture high-resolution photographs directly. This ease of use enhances workflow efficiency, allowing more time for analysis and less time spent on technical setup.

4. Cost-effective high-resolution imaging

While high-definition microscopy used to be associated with expensive equipment, the 13MP USB camera offers a cost-effective solution. By providing high-resolution imaging at a fraction of the cost of traditional systems, this camera makes advanced microscopy accessible to a broader range of researchers and institutions. The affordability does not compromise quality, as the 13MP USB camera delivers exceptional performance without breaking the bank.

Practical Applications in Life Sciences

1. Cellular and Tissue Analysis

In life sciences, understanding cellular and tissue structures is crucial. The high resolution of a 13MP USB camera allows researchers to observe and analyze cell morphology, tissue architecture, and other intricate details with unprecedented clarity. This capability is invaluable for studying cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and tissue responses to treatments.

2. Microbial Studies

For microbiologists, the ability to capture detailed images of microorganisms is essential. The 13MP USB camera enables precise observation of bacterial, fungal, and viral specimens, facilitating studies on microbial behavior, interactions, and identification. The enhanced clarity supports accurate documentation and analysis, contributing to advancements in microbiological research.

3. Educational purposes

Educational institutions benefit from incorporating a 13MP USB camera into their microscopy labs. Students and educators can utilize high-resolution imaging to better understand biological concepts, conduct experiments, and present findings. The affordability and ease of use make it an ideal choice for educational settings, enhancing the learning experience and providing practical hands-on opportunities.

4. Research and Development

In research and development, particularly in pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors, high-definition microscopy is essential for drug discovery, development, and testing. The 13MP USB camera facilitates detailed imaging of cellular responses to compounds, aiding in the evaluation of drug efficacy and safety. The high resolution ensures that researchers can detect even the smallest changes and anomalies in their experiments.

In summary

The 13MP USB camera is revolutionizing life sciences high-definition microscopy by providing improved image quality, increased accuracy, and simplified procedures at a reasonable cost. Because of its incorporation into microscopes, scientists can now take precise, high-resolution pictures that are essential for a range of uses, including cellular analysis, microbial study, and teaching.

The 13MP USB camera stands out as a potent instrument that democratizes access to high-definition microscopy as life sciences research advances. It is a priceless tool in the quest for scientific advancement and innovation because of its capacity to deliver precise, crisp photographs at a reasonable price. Accepting this technology provides new avenues for investigating the microscopic world, expanding our understanding, and making significant advances in the field of life sciences research.

https://www.vadzoimaging.com/product/ar1335-4k-autofocus-usb-3-0-camera

[evoldir]

Fwd: Graduate position: Geneva.MyxomycetesSystematicsEvol

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Graduate position: Geneva.MyxomycetesSystematicsEvol > Date: 9 August 2024 at 06:10:32 BST > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > The Conservatory and Botanical Garden of Geneva (CJBG) and Geneva > University (UniGE) seek a PhD student > > Title of the project: A biosystematic revision of the family Cribrariaceae > Function: Doctoral candidate and university assistant, 70% > Contract starting date: 1 February 2025 (4 years) > > Job description: > The present project is focused on the systematics and evolution of one of > the most neglected groups of *Myxomycetes* (*Amoebozoa*), the family > *Cribrariaceae* (ca. 50 accepted species). The generic and species > boundaries, as well as the evolution of phenotypic traits, have never been > analysed in detail, and especially not in a phylogenetic context and with > modern techniques. We will assess the phylogenetic relationships of the > species using a fair taxonomic and molecular sampling, including NGS > techniques and phylogenomic analyses. Next, we will explore the evolution > of some phenotypic traits (notably, the sporophore macromorphology and the > spore ornamentation, but also other characters) and the ecology of the > species, to assess its relevance for the taxonomy and diversification of > the group. Finally, we will address the species-level taxonomy, identify > new species and cryptic taxa, and evaluate synonymies. With all this > information, we expect to propose a revised classification and an updated > monograph of the family. Most of the skills and data analyses learned by > the candidate upon completion of the project will also be applicable to the > systematics, taxonomy, and evolutionary biology of other groups of > organisms. > > Within the research project, the candidate will profit from aid, guidance, > and supervision in the different steps of the project, from specimen > handling, data gathering and analyses, to presentation of the results, and > scientific writing. In addition, the candidate is expected to build up a > network of national and international collaborations, perform short stays > abroad, and become used to the dynamic of scientific research to become an > independent researcher. > The assistant position is under the direction of Dr. Juan Carlos Zamora > (CJBG) and Dr. Carlos Lado (RJB-CSIC), and Yamama Naciri (CJBG, UniGE) as > responsible professor. > > Required degrees and skills: > - Master’s degree in biology or in a Biosystematics-related topic in > Environmental/Chemistry/Health Sciences. > - Motivation to engage in the research project and in scientific research, > including: (i) field work and in vitro cultures, (ii) data gathering and > analyses, (iii) writing of a doctoral thesis, (iv) presentation and > dissemination of the project results (scientific journal publication, > congresses, and others). > - Skills in Fungal/Botanical Systematics and Taxonomy, especially > microscopy. > - Skills in molecular lab and phylogenetic analyses. > - Interest for the morphological, evolutionary, and taxonomic study of > Myxomycetes. > - Good disposition to work in a team and to participate in the scientific > life of the host institute. > - Proficiency in written and spoken French (mother tongue or a minimum of > level B2 in CEFR scale) to ensure an adequate flow of the practical classes > of the Systematics and Biodiversity course, given in Biology to 2 year > students, which she/he would be responsible for. > - The working language of the project being English, the candidate must > also be particularly comfortable in this language (written and spoken) > > Application process: > Application deadline: 31 August 2024 > The application file (in English), including (1) a motivation letter and > (2) a detailed CV, should be sent exclusively by e-mail to > *jcsenoret@gmail.com* (Juan Carlos Zamora), cc. > *lado@rjb.csic.es*, *yamama.naciri@geneve.ch* > > Juan Carlos Zamora Señoret

[crimsonpublishersbiosciences]

Candida as Pathogens of Onychomycosis among Elderly Diabetic Patients_Crimson Publishers

Abstract:

Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection affecting nails. The primary cause for onychomycosis is Non-dermatophytes, while Candida species have emerged as second-line pathogens. Onychomycosis due to Candida [Candidal onychomycosis] is increasingly found in i patients with diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes can result in complications that affect all systems of the body. Of particular relevance to onychomycosis rates is the effect of (T2DM). on the lower extremities. (T2DM). can lead to lower extremity arterial disease; in turn this can predispose patients to onychomycosis of the toenails.

Materials and methods: Incidence were determined in 116 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients over from September2013 to January 2014 included direct microscopy and repeated cultures. A higher incidence of onychomycosis. who were registered at the Sedee Hussein Polyclinic of Benghazi city.

Results: The prevalence of onychomycosis among diabetics in our study was high, culture was positive in 84 of 116 patients [41%] patients with onychomycosis, laboratory culture identified yeasts as the pathogen in 22% of positive cases.

Conclusion: Onychomycosis is an important cause of morbidity in diabetic patients, increasing their risks for limb amputation and local and systemic secondary bacterial infections. Because onychomycosis is more common in diabetic patients and can complicate the disease, clinicians must be vigilant in its diagnosis and complete in its treatment.

Read More About this Article: https://crimsonpublishers.com/sbb/fulltext/SBB.000547.php

Read More Articles: https://crimsonpublishers.com/sbb/

[er-cryptid]

Fungal filaments at 10x (unknown sp.)

[glimmer15]

Hair Loss: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Hair is an elongated thread-like structure composed of a protein referred to as Keratin. It is released from a pore within the skin, referred to as the hair follicle. Humans have approximately 1,00,000 hair follicles that produce the hair shaft, also known as the hair that we see. Hair shafts and hair follicles, as with every other part in our bodies, can be prone to be damaged, resulting in hair loss or fall in hair.

Hair shedding

It’s normal to shed between 50 and 100 hairs a day. When the body sheds significantly more hairs every day, a person has excessive hair shedding. The medical term for this condition is telogen effluvium.

Excessive hair shedding is common in people who have experienced one the following stressors:

Lost 20 pounds or more

Given birth

Experiencing lots of stress (caring for a loved one who is sick, going through a divorce, losing a job)

Had high fever

Undergone an operation

After exogen, a brand new hair growth cycle starts, and hair is in an the anagen phase. In any given time, about 10-15 percent all your hairs may be in the normal shed, also known as telogen/exogen. This is around 50-100 hairs that may shed each day that can be seen on your towel, comb and even on the floor. It is part of the normal process and nothing to be concerned about.

Hair Loss or Alopecia

Hair loss occurs when something stops the hair from growing. The medical term for this condition is anagen effluvium. The most common causes of hair loss include:

Hereditary hair loss

Immune system overreacts

Some drugs and treatments

Hairstyles that pull on the hair

Harsh hair-care products

Compulsion to pull out one’s hair

If you have hair loss, your hair will not grow until the cause stops. For example, people who undergo chemotherapy or radiation treatments often lose a lot of hair. When the treatment stops, their hair tends to regrow.

If you suspect that a treatment or drug is causing your hair loss, talk with your doctor. Serious side effects can occur if you immediately stop a treatment or drug. There are many types of hair loss conditions caused by various factors; continue to know all these factors and ways to treat them. At this Stage it is important to consult a hair specialists 

Symptoms of Hair Loss

Hair loss has many possible causes. The most common include:

Hereditary hair loss from genetics (genes you inherit from your parents).

Fungal infections on the scalp.

Hairstyles that pull the hair tightly (such as braids, hair extensions or tight ponytails).

Haircare that may cause damage due to processing (including perms and bleach).

Hormonal changes (such as pregnancy, childbirth or menopause).

Medical treatment (such as chemotherapy and certain medications).

Nutritional deficiencies (especially not getting enough iron or protein).

Stressful events (like having surgery or losing a loved one).

Thyroid Disease.

What are Hair Loss Diagnostic Methods by Hair Specialists in Lucknow?

Some hair loss symptoms are visible, while some others are invisible. When you notice you suffer from hair loss, visit a hair specialist in Lucknow immediately. The doctor will perform the following tests to find the cause behind the hair condition to treat it effectively. 

Pull Test- The most basic diagnostic step that the doctor performs is the pull test. In this test, the doctor lightly pulls a bunch of hair to see how many come up – the pulled hair are then observed to identify the stage of the hair growth cycle.

Blood Test – Your dermatologist may advise a few blood tests to find out the underlying medical conditions that can cause hair loss.

Light Microscopy – Light microscope or tracheoscopy is an instrument used by the hair loss doctor to find the changes seen at root level or scalp level. 

Biopsy of the Scalp – In a biopsy, the doctor collects the root sample by plucking some hairs and taking a part of the skin. By observing the roots in the microscope, the doctor verifies if any underlying changes in the scalp or hair structure is causing hair loss.

When and Why to Visit a Hair Specialists 

Hair loss because of genetic composition and hormonal changes is not prevented, but it is possible to slow down. If you’ve tried every solution and taken all safety guidelines but you still suffering from hair loss and you are not sure what to do, seek out a qualified dermatologist who treats hair loss. It’s not too late to see an expert doctor, however, the earlier you go to see a doctor the sooner you’ll be able to save. The signs of hair loss should not be dismissed lightly.

Consult or visit a hair specialist in Lucknow in one or more of the following cases:

You and/or your child lose more than 80-100 hair daily and need a hair fall solution.

You feel distressed due to constant hair loss in you and/or your kid and, hence, wish to opt for hair fall remedies.

You notice a receding hairline and want to receive hair treatment to avoid potentially permanent baldness.

You and/or your child experience more than usual hair loss when washing and/or combing the hair and require a hair fall solution.

You go through patchy or sudden hair loss which calls for immediate medical hair treatment

[jobtendr]

(18) PhD, Postdoc and Faculty Positions at the Vrije Universiteit in Netherlands

The Vrije Universiteit in Netherlands invites application for vacant (18) PhD, Postdoc and Faculty Positions The Vrije Universiteit in Netherlands invites application for vacant PhD, Postdoc and Faculty Positions, a university in Amsterdam, Netherlands, founded in 1880. PhD position on learning with algorithmic technologies in medical diagnosisSchool of Business and EconomicsPhDMScCloses on15-7-2024Are you interested in studying how people engage in different types of learning when working with algorithmic technologies? Please apply for a PhD position at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam’s KIN research group.View vacancy 2 PhD’s Patient centeredness and involvement in clinical studies in Europe1 / 1Faculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on25-8-2024Are you interested in the concepts of patient centredness and patient involvement in clinical studies? Do you think that inclusion of underrepresented communities in clinical studies is a way to more effective preventative care and treatments? Apply!View vacancy Post-doctoral position in oral microbial ecologyAcademisch Centrum Tandheelkunde AmsterdamResearcher / PostdocPostdocCloses on25-8-2024View vacancy Full Professor in Media and Culture1 / 1Faculty of HumanitiesProfessorPostdocCloses on21-7-2024The Department of Art & Culture, History, and Antiquity is seeking a Full Professor in Media and CultureView vacancy Postdoc Researcher Position in Large Language Models and Robot Learning0.7 / 1Faculty of ScienceResearcher / PostdocPostdocCloses on31-7-2024Have you recently completed or are close to completion of your PhD? You have experience in areas such as Large Language Models, Representation Learning, Reinforcement Learning or Robotics?View vacancy PhD in Conservation genomics of endangered red pandas0.8 / 1Faculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on27-7-2024Are you interested in genomics, but also passionate about wildlife conservation? This PhD opportunity might be the perfect fit!View vacancy     PhD in Fungal Pathogens Biology, Microscopy and BioinformaticsFaculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on15-7-2024PhD position at the intersection between medical microbiology, fluorescence microscopy and technology development.View vacancy PhD: Individual behaviour under climate change risks1 / 1Faculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on29-7-2024Are you keen to contribute to increasing climate-resilience in Europe? Would you like to study how individuals take actions to prepare for multi-hazard climate risks? Then you could be the ideal PhD candidate to join our team! Please apply.View vacancy Lecturer-researcher on non-discrimination law and sexual justice0.8 / 1Faculty of LawResearch, TeacherMScCloses on15-9-2024Do you want to become an academic who does critical legal research and has excellent teaching skills? This is your opportunity to obtain a PhD in in the fields of EU non-discrimination law, human rights law and law and technology!View vacancy Assistant Professor Neuroscience Proteomics research team1 / 1Faculty of ScienceResearchPostdocCloses on15-7-2024The Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (https://cncr.nl) is seeking an Assistant Professor for their Neuroscience Proteomics research team.View vacancy Phd: Sex and gender differences in the working mechanisms of addiction0.8 / 1Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesPhDMScCloses on26-8-2024Are you passionate about understanding sex and gender differences in the working mechanisms of addiction? Do you have strong statistical and computational skills? Would you like to work with big longitudinal datasets? Join our team as a PhD student.View vacancy Postdoc Researcher in Liver Models for Toxicity Testing0.8 / 1Faculty of ScienceResearcher / PostdocPostdocCloses on18-7-2024Do you have experience in 3D or organoid cell culture? Do you like working with challenging human- iPSC based systems? Then Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam would like to get to know you. Apply for the position of Postdoc Researcher.View vacancy     PhD: Adoption of Functional Agrobiodiversity and Modelling Ecosystem Services0.8 / 1Faculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on15-7-2024Do you have knowledge of spatial analysis and modelling, and experience with survey methods? Are you interested in multidisciplinary work, and contributing to more sustainable forms of pest regulation in arable farming? Then we are looking for you!View vacancy PhD: Circular Economy of Water in the Dutch Delta0.8 / 1Faculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on15-7-2024Are you interested in environmental economics and want to work in an interdisciplinary project developing circular economy strategies for sustainable freshwater management under climate change in the Dutch Delta region? Then we are looking for you!View vacancy Postdoc Polar ecology and cumulative impacts of tourism0.8 / 0.8Faculty of ScienceResearcher / PostdocPostdocCloses on31-7-2024Tourism is potentially threatening Antarctic ecosystems, but relatively little is known about the cumulative impacts of repeat visits on Antarctic biodiversity and wilderness valuesView vacancy PhD Position in Structural Bioinformatics/Computational BiologyFaculty of SciencePhDMScCloses on31-7-2024ODORWISE – Unravelling Odorant Detection Mechanisms for Biosensors in Sustainable Healthcare. If you are interested to join this exciting research in olfactory science and bioinformatics, please apply to Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.View vacancy POSTDOC USING ADVANCED CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO STUDY PHOTOREACTIONS0.8 / 1Faculty of ScienceResearcher / PostdocPostdocCloses on31-7-2024Serial Crystallography (SX) is an emerging method of visualising the interaction of macromolecules with light. A postdoctoral position in SX is available. Please apply at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.View vacancy Postdoc on Ethnography of Robots at work0.8 / 1School of Business and EconomicsResearcher / PostdocMScAre you an experienced ethnographic researcher with a PhD on the topic of technology and work? Then consider applying for a postdoc to continue your research and specialize on the topic of robotics at work!View vacancy Read the full article