#Anticancer activity

[poemsfor-her]

TYPES OF TEA'S AND THEIR BENEFITS ♡⠀࣭⠀ֹ⠀͡꒱

hello! today i'll be talking about the benefits of drinking tea. the only thing i drink besides water is tea and i love it (except the fruit ones). my personal favorite is green tea and it's so beneficial for our health.

1. green tea - the best tea there is for weight loss and treating your skin, good for diabetes and it boosts heart and brain health.

2. chamomile tea - amazing for sleep, reducing anxiety, good for the heart, for soothing coldes and sore throats. (in my country we also use it for treating conjunctivitis)

3. peppermint tea - good for bad breath, improves energy and digestion, helps in relieving menstrual cramps, good for sleep and relieves clogged sinuses.

4. white tea - improves immune system, promotes weight loss and heart diseases, good for skin health, dental health and cancer prevention.

5. black tea - promotes heart health, reduces the risks of strokes, improves focus, lowers blood sugar levels.

6. matcha tea - helps you manage weight, makes you think more clearly and reduces disease risks.

7. jasmine tea - boosts immune system, improves mental clarity and alertness, aids in digestion and reduces inflammation.

8. hibiscus tea - lowers blood pressure, fights inflammation and bacteria, good for liver health, promotes weight loss and it lowers cholesterol.

9. lemon tea - reduces anti-aging, good for mental health, antibacterial activity, anticancer activity and good in lowering blood pressure.

10. yellow tea - promotes digestion health and heart health.

with love, 𝒯

[breezingby]

Potential Health Benefits

Honey has many potential health benefits, including: (here's just a Few)…

Anti-inflammatory

Honey contains an enzyme called catalase that can help relieve minor inflammation. It can be used topically to treat burns and wounds, and orally to treat coughs and sore throats.

Antibacterial and antiviral

Honey can help fight infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It can also be used to treat acne by dabbing a small amount onto pimples to reduce swelling and fight bacteria.

Antioxidant

Honey contains antioxidants like phenolic acids and flavonoids, which may help improve cholesterol levels and decrease the risk of heart disease. Honey can also help prevent and treat degenerative diseases.

Studies suggest that honey might offer antidepressant, anticonvulsant and anti-anxiety benefits. In some studies, honey has been shown to help prevent memory disorders. Wound care. Topical use of medical-grade honey has been shown to promote wound healing, particularly in burns.

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Cinnamon has many potential health benefits, including:

Blood sugar

Cinnamon may help lower blood sugar levels, which can be beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes. It may also improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance factor (GTf), which can help with weight loss.

In addition to being an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, lipid-lowering, and cardiovascular-disease-lowering compound, cinnamon has also been reported to have activities against neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.

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Ginger has many health benefits, including:

Digestion: Gingerol, a natural compound in ginger, can help with digestion, nausea, and vomiting from motion sickness, pregnancy, and cancer chemotherapy. It can also help with mild stomach upset.

Anti-inflammatory: Ginger contains over 400 natural compounds, some of which are anti-inflammatory. It can help with bloating, gas, and reducing inflammation.

Pain relief: Ginger can help with osteoarthritis pain, menstrual cramps, and sore muscles.

Blood sugar: Ginger can help improve blood sugar regulation and lower blood sugar.

Heart health: Ginger can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol, which can help prevent heart disease. It can also improve circulation and promote the breakdown of fats in the bloodstream.

Immune system: Ginger can help strengthen the immune system and fight germs.

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Turmeric ~ In addition to these conditions, research studies have shown some possible benefits of turmeric for:

Inflammation

Degenerative eye conditions

Metabolic syndrome

Arthritis

Hyperlipidemia (cholesterol in the blood)

Anxiety

Muscle soreness after exercise

Kidney health

In India, it was traditionally used for disorders of the skin, upper respiratory tract, joints, and digestive system. Today, turmeric is promoted as a dietary supplement for a variety of conditions, including arthritis, digestive disorders, respiratory infections, allergies, liver disease, depression, and many others.

.......

Chili peppers contain many compounds that may have health benefits, including:

Capsaicin The chemical that gives chili peppers their heat, capsaicin may help with:

Pain relief: Chili peppers can help with headaches, migraines, and joint pain. You can apply chili peppers directly to the skin to reduce the amount of a chemical that sends pain signals to the brain.

Metabolism: Capsaicin can increase your metabolic rate, which can help you burn more calories and eat fewer unhealthy foods. Some studies have also shown that capsaicin can reduce appetite and increase fat burning, which may help with weight loss.

Inflammation: Capsaicin is one of the most studied natural ingredients for its anti-inflammatory properties.

Digestion: Capsaicin can help clear phlegm and congestion, and may promote a healthy gut microbiome, which is important for a healthy immune system.

Vitamin A and vitamin C: Chili peppers are a great source of both vitamins, which can help boost your immune system and support eye health. Vitamin C can also help your body absorb iron and promote healthy skin.

Carotenoids: Chili peppers contain carotenoids, which may help protect against cancer. Some research suggests that capsaicin may also contribute to cancer cell death.

Keep in Mind

Take charge of your health—talk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. Together, you can make shared, well-informed decisions.

Using Dietary Supplements Wisely

Know the Science: How Medications and Supplements Can Interact

Know the Science: How To Make Sense of a Scientific Journal Article

[tiredwitchplant]

Everything You Need to Know About Fruits and Veggies: Pumpkins

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)

*Culinary *Medical *Masculine *Samhain

Folks Names: Big Tom, Jack Be Little, Baby Boo, Autumn Gold, Jumpin’ Jack, Sweetie Pie, Pepon, Winter Squash

Planet: Moon

Element: Earth, Water

Deities: Selene, Nuit, Luna, Artemis, Sin, Inannur, Khonsu, Nicneven, Morrigan and Crom-Cruach

Abilities: Granting wishes, Love, Prosperity, Fertility, Protection, Banishment, Health

Characteristics: Part of the gourd family. Native to North America but are planted worldwide. They are annual plants with twining stems, lobed leaves, yellow flowers, and large orange fruit. Can be harvested in autumn.

History: The pumpkin has been much used as a medicine in Central and North America. The Maya applied the sap of the plant to burns, the Menominee used the seeds as a diuretic, and European settlers grounded and mixed the seeds with water, milk, or honey to make a remedy for worms. Is the symbol of harvest and used as a beloved jack-o-lantern to protect the hearth and home by scaring away trickster fairies, evil spirits, and other restless souls wandering the Earth.

How to Grow:

Is it easy to grow: Yes

Rating: Beginner/Moderate

Seeds Accessible: Yes

How to Grow Pumpkins

Video Guide

Where to Buy Seeds

Magical Properties:

On October 31st, illuminating a carved, hollowed out pumpkin with white candle inside of it will protect one from intrusive and pesky negative spirits.

Magical energy of pumpkins can transport you to the land of dreams where wishes come true

Can bring prosperity and attract positive vibrations

Can be used in full moon ritual because its shape resembles a full moon

You can use its seeds to cast magical circles. It will give you energy and feed the animals at the same time

Offering it on Samhain can help with bringing fertility and abundance

Medical Usage:

Is a great deworming agent, most effective in tapeworms

Pulp of the fruit used as a decoction can relieve intestinal inflammation

Has antioxidant and anticancer activity in the body

Sources

[azelleannenavarro]

Flowers bloom.. and so are you

Colors make our life more exciting and creative. Colors bring life, and sometimes give us hope in our mess up world. But what if these colors have shapes? Fragrance? What if these colors were combined with mysteries in the world such as.. sciences?

Flowers. The silent speakers of love.

Ever since we were children, flowers have never failed to amaze us from their scientific structures to their philosophical meaning in life. It plays a significant role not just in our environment but also in its relationship with people. Flowers are the reproductive system of flowering plants. Just like us, flowers have different ranges of color, sizes, and form. They bloom in their own way, and they are equally beautiful and unique.

And if no one ever expresses their love to you through flowers, may you be reminded who is the most important person who should give that to you. You.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Hibiscus or Gumamela, also known as tropical hibiscus, have different colors and represent different significance, especially in history. Purple hibiscus are tied in royalty, knowledge and wisdom. The yellow hibiscus usually found in Hawaii and represents joy, friendship, and happiness. Pink hibiscus represents platonic love. Lastly, red hibiscus symbolizes love, passion, and relationships. Hibiscus grows in soils with good drainage as well as moist roots.

Bougainvillea spectabilis

This flower usually has green and oval leaves and often color pink. This flower has medical and ornamental purpose. This flower’s extraction was used to control fertility. Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and antiulcer activities are also reported to be present in Bougainvillea spectabilis.

Lagerstroemia indica or Crepe-Myrtle

All summer long, the deciduous Purple Crape Myrtle shrub (Lagerstroemia indica 'Purpurea') offers a lovely purple hue! The striking purple display that this Crape Myrtle puts on every year is undoubtedly its best feature.

“When a flower doesn’t bloom, you fix the environment in which it grows, not the flower.”

- Alexander Den Heijer

Theme: Landscapes and Wildlife

Subject: Flowers

Location: Addas 4 Village. Home.

Date: April 10, 2024

[tinyshe]

as a disclaimer, not endorsing but sharing interesting reseach

[didanawisgi]

Papers Reviewed:

2020 (Jalili et al) - An Overview of Therapeutic Potentials of Taraxacum Officinale (Dandelion): A Traditionally Valuable Herb with a rich historical background

2020 (Xie et al) - Research Progress of Anti-tumor Active Ingredients in Dandelion

2020 (Wu et al) - Dandelion exerts anti-cancer effects in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) by killing tumour cells via multiple cell death pathways

2021 (Venezuela et al) - Dandelion Root Extract Affects the Proliferation, Survival and Migration of Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

2023 (Liu et al) - Effect of dandelion polysaccharide on migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells based on PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway

2023 (Stoutjesdyk et al) - In Vitro Anticancer effects of Taraxacum Genus Extracts: A Review

2024 (Kerry Yang et al) - Dandelion root extracts and taraxasterol inhibit LPS‑induced colorectal cancer cell viability by blocking TLR4‑NFκB‑driven ACE2 and TMPRSS2 pathways

2024 June (Hua Gui et al) - Anti-tumor effect of dandelion flavone on multiple myeloma cells and its mechanism

[medchemexpressinhibitor-blog]

Exploring the Potential of a Glutamine Transporter Inhibitor

Introduction

Cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics, and targeting specific metabolic pathways has become an area of intense research in cancer therapeutics. JPH203, a glutamine transporter inhibitor, has emerged as a promising drug candidate for disrupting the metabolic processes crucial to cancer cell survival and proliferation. This article aims to explore factual evidence regarding the efficacy and potential applications of JPH203.

Understanding JPH203

JPH203 is a selective inhibitor of the glutamine transporter ASCT2 (alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2). ASCT2 plays a critical role in transporting glutamine, an amino acid essential for cancer cell growth and survival[¹^]. By targeting ASCT2, JPH203 aims to disrupt glutamine uptake and subsequently alter cancer cell metabolism.

The Mechanism of Action

Inhibition of Glutamine Uptake: JPH203 binds to ASCT2, preventing the transport of extracellular glutamine into cancer cells. This disruption hampers the availability of glutamine, an essential nutrient for cancer cell metabolism, thereby impairing their growth and survival[²^].

Factual Evidence Supporting JPH203

Preclinical Studies: Initial preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of JPH203 in inhibiting cancer cell growth across various types of cancers, including lung, breast, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers[³^][⁴^]. These studies have shown that JPH203 treatment led to reduced glutamine uptake, impaired cell proliferation, and increased cell death.

Combination Therapy: JPH203 has been investigated in combination with other anticancer agents, such as chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted therapies. Preclinical studies have suggested synergistic effects when JPH203 is used in combination with other treatments, leading to enhanced anticancer activity[⁵^][⁶^]. These findings highlight the potential of JPH203 as an adjunct therapy to improve treatment outcomes.

Metabolic Reprogramming: Glutamine is a crucial nutrient for cancer cells, serving as a building block for macromolecules and as a source of energy. By inhibiting glutamine uptake, JPH203 disrupts cancer cell metabolism. This metabolic reprogramming can render cancer cells more susceptible to other therapies and potentially overcome drug resistance[⁷^].

Clinical Development

JPH203 is currently undergoing clinical trials to evaluate its safety, tolerability, and efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors. These studies aim to determine the optimal dosage, treatment duration, and potential side effects to further establish the therapeutic potential of JPH203 in clinical settings[⁸^].

Conclusion

JPH203, a selective inhibitor of the glutamine transporter ASCT2, shows promise as a targeted approach to disrupt cancer cell metabolism. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its ability to inhibit glutamine uptake, impair cancer cell growth, and enhance cell death. The ongoing clinical trials will provide valuable insights into the safety and efficacy of JPH203 in human patients and its potential as part of combination therapies.

While JPH203 holds significant potential as a novel anticancer agent, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action, optimize treatment strategies, and identify the patient populations that may benefit most from its use. The development of JPH203 represents an exciting advancement in the quest for more effective and targeted cancer therapeutics.please visit MedChemExpress

(Note: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized treatment recommendations.)

[hunters-angel]

ty for tagging me @khihi & @bojansrippedsleeves <3

Last song: insomnia by LPS (on repeat)

Fav colour: petrol blue

Currently watching: the magicians (again)

Last movie: imagine me and you (again)

Currently reading: the potent oxidant anticancer activity of organoiridium catalysts by sadler et all (it's been nothing but scientific papers and fanfic for years)

Sweet/Savoury/Spicy: savoury, but specifically salty and crunchy

Relationship status: It's Complicated

Current obsession: jo, hiking

Last google: taps buffer pka sigma aldrich

Currently working on: phd bullshit and my coloring book

tagging: @casthefallenangel @blanketforcas @highkingpenny @anxious-witch

[trodelvy]

Trodelvy Injection: A Game-Changer in Cancer Care

Trodelvy contains the active pharmaceutical ingredients sacituzumab govitecan. The medicine is used for the treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, and advanced bladder cancer. If you are searching for a genuine Trodelvy supplier from India, then Indian Pharma Network (IPN) can be your most reliable source/platform. IPN is WHO GDP & ISO 9001 2015 Certified Trodelvy Supplier, Wholesaler, Importer, and Exporter from India. Trodelvy which is Manufactured by Gilead Sciences, Inc, is available in a strength of 180 mg/mL. Trodelvy 180 mg is supplied for Tenders/ exports/ imports/ Named patient program/ RLD supplies/ Reference listed drugs/ Comparator Drug/ Bio-Similar/ Innovator samples for Clinical trials. Indian Pharma Network is the legitimate source of Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) for injection, all the customers can get in touch with us to buy/order/procure this pharmaceutical product in approved quantity.

Buy Trodelvy 180 mg Injection at Lowest Price from India

Trodelvy 180 mg for injection is designed to carry cancer-fighting drug to cells that have Trop-2 proteins. Certain tumor cells have high Trop-2 proteins. The medicine trodelvy 180 mg injection is approved for 3 different types of cancer:

Advanced Bladder Cancer

HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer

Metastatic Triple Negative Breast cancer Trodelvy injection 180 mg is a type of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) treatment that is designed to work differently than traditional chemotherapy. It is designed to deliver promising anticancer drug directly into cells with Trop-2 proteins.

Buy Trodelvy in India I Sacituzumab Govitecan 180 MG Vial

Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan) is a type of medicinal product known as antibody-drug conjugate, or ADC for short. Unlike typical (traditional) chemotherapy, ADCs consist of three parts: an antibody, an anticancer medicine, and a linker. If you want to buy trodelvy in India for triple-negative breast cancer, HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, and advanced bladder cancer, then Indian Pharma Network (IPN) can be your one-stop solution.

We are famed and esteemed in the pharmaceutical industry for our best quality service, vast industry experience, market credentials, and timely delivery. Our all the tie-ups and sourcing from the reputed brands allow us to offer the best price for Trodelvy 180 mg vial. Trodelvy (sacituzumab govitecan 180 mg vial) is an intravenous (IV) infusion (10mg/kg). Proposed doses are administered once weekly for two weeks (Day 1 and 8) of 21-day treatment cycles. Each treatment cycle is 21 days (3 weeks).

Sacituzumab Govitecan- Trodelvy Price for 180 MG Vial in India

Trodelvy is made of two different drugs joined together: a monoclonal antibody drug (which attaches to Trop -2 receptors, present on the outside of some cancer cells, and a chemotherapy drug (which stops all cells including unhealthy cells from growing and dividing). The monoclonal antibody drug attaches to the unhealthy cells and then releases the chemotherapy medicine directly into the cell. All pharmaceutical products – comparator drugs, adjunctive therapies, RLDs, co-meds and rescue meds, and Exports/Imports drugs – are transported in standard temperature-controlled conditions with active monitoring in order to ensure the integrity of products. Contact us today to get/buy your hard-to-access prescription medicine at the lowest price from India.

[reagan-slayer69]

“Turmeric has been studied over the past few decades to understand its potential health benefits. One 2020 study found [curcumin, the biologically active compound in turmeric,] to be associated with anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties”

you can eat as many spices as you like there's no nutrients in there it's free. 15 ounces of smoked paprika yes a great meal for a growing boy

[gastroenterologyucgconferences]

Meet our amazing speaker Dr. Qun Dang will be present his speaker presentation on “Azvudine, a novel nucleoside as effective treatment for HIV and COVID-19 infections with potential for liver cancer.” at the 14GASTROUCG Conference, from December 17-19, 2024 in Holiday Inn Dubai, Al Barsha, UAE & Virtual

As the 14th World Gastroenterology, IBD & Hepatology Conference approaches, the spotlight is on cutting-edge research shaping the future of medicine. Among the most anticipated presentations is Dr. Qun Dang's poster on “Azvudine, a Novel Nucleoside as Effective Treatment for HIV and COVID-19 Infections with Potential for Liver Cancer.”

This innovative research delves into the multifaceted therapeutic potential of Azvudine, a compound poised to revolutionize treatments for infectious diseases and cancer.

A Game-Changer for HIV and COVID-19

Azvudine, a novel nucleoside analog, has shown remarkable efficacy in combating HIV and COVID-19:

HIV: By targeting viral replication, Azvudine provides a new approach to managing HIV, with the potential to enhance treatment regimens.

COVID-19: Amid ongoing challenges in treating SARS-CoV-2, Azvudine has demonstrated significant antiviral activity, offering hope for improved clinical outcomes.

Potential Beyond Infections: Liver Cancer

In addition to its antiviral applications, early studies suggest that Azvudine may have promising anticancer properties. This opens doors to its use in liver cancer, a disease with limited effective treatment options.

Join the Conversation

Dr. Qun Dang’s presentation will provide a comprehensive overview of Azvudine’s mechanisms, clinical data, and its future as a therapeutic agent. This groundbreaking research underscores the importance of collaboration in addressing global health challenges.

Stay tuned for insights from the conference, happening December 15-17, 2023, at the Holiday Inn Dubai, Al Barsha, UAE, and virtually.

About Dr. Qun Dang:

Max received his BS from Jilin University with honors and earned a CGP Chinese national scholarship; he obtained his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Purdue University in 1992, joined Gensia (later became Metabasis) as a medicinal chemist and worked until 2009 with his last position as director of medicinal chemistry. Max then joined Merck as a Senior Investigator in the External Basic Research department, and then from 2011 to 2013, he was Director of External Medicinal Chemistry, Asia Lead, based in Shanghai facilitating Merck-CRO operations; 2013-2016, he was a Principle Scientist in the exploratory chemistry department at the Kenilworth site. In 2016 he joined Eli Lilly as Asia Head, BD and External Innovation for diabetes and CV research and worked until March 2018 before joining Qilu Pharmaceutical as VP, Global Head of BD and External Innovation with responsibilities for all BD and external collaborations globally including in-license, out-license and setting strategies for drug discovery and external collaborations. From June 2019 to February 2021Max worked at CSPC as corporate VP, President of CSPC Shanghai Research Institute, CEO of InnovStone Therapeutics, responsible for small molecule new drug discovery efforts. In April 2021, Max joined Genuine Biotech as President and responsible for all aspects of company business including corporate strategy, R&D, financing etc. Max has extensive experiences in business development globally and more than 25-years of experiences as a manager of drug discovery programs spanning from early (Target Selection and Validation, Lead Identification) to late (Lead Optimization and candidate selection) stages; led programs that advanced multiple compounds into human clinic trials (two completed Phase 2b POC studies); experiences in therapeutic areas including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hepatitis B and C, liver cancer, liver fibrosis, anemia, viral and bacterial infections; extensive knowledge of Structure-based Drug Design, Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Delivery, Prodrugs, Liver targeting Strategies, Combinatorial, Heterocyclic and Nucleoside Chemistry; more than five years of managing drug discovery programs executed at various CROs. His research activities have led to 91 publications and 60 patents.

Event Details

Date: December 17-19, 2024

Location: Holiday Inn Dubai, Al Barsha, UAE & Virtual You can register here: https://gastroenterology.utilitarianconferences.com/registration

For more information and registration, visit the conference website. Let’s come together to pave the way for a healthier tomorrow!

[helen0086]

Therapeutic Effect of Phycocyanin on Skin Injury in Mice

Abstract: In order to investigate the therapeutic effect of CPC on skin injury in mice, ICR mice were divided into five treatment groups, namely, normal control group (Con), model group (Mod), blank dressing group (BD), alginate dressing group (CPC TDD), and alginate dressing + alginate intraperitoneal injection group (CPC + ip.), and then scalded in a scald test. The results showed that the CPC TDD group and CPC+ip. group had the shortest wound healing time, reduced the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content, and lowered the serum levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. Phycocyanin enhances the antioxidant capacity of the body and reduces the level of inflammatory factors, thus promoting the healing of skin injury.

With the increasing frequency of China's marine activities and the complexity of the surrounding marine situation, the incidence of burns combined with marine accidents is increasing [1, 2]. Seawater has special physicochemical properties such as hypertonicity, alkalinity, low temperature, and bacteria, etc. Burns combined with seawater immersion will cause hypertonicity, electrolyte disorders, hemodynamic disorders, and microcirculatory disorders of traumatic tissues; and the secondary injuries are more serious, which can easily lead to multiple organ failures, such as acute lung injuries [3].

C-phycocyanin (CPC) is a blue powder that is soluble in water and insoluble in lipids. C-phycocyanin is a blue powder, water-soluble and insoluble in lipids. The molecule consists of an open-chain tetrapyrrole compound and a deaccessorized protein bound by a thioether bond [4]. Spirulina has a relatively high phycocyanin production rate and phycocyanin content per unit of biomass [5]. In pharmacological studies, CPC has been used in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced diseases and as a powerful anti-inflammatory agent [6-8] and antioxidant [9-11]. In recent years, studies on CPC have mainly focused on the pigment phycocyanin, fluorescence of CPC, antioxidant and anticancer activities of CPC, as well as the modification and stability of CPC [12]. At present, it has been reported at home and abroad that phycocyanin has a strong wound healing effect with a high safety factor.

Madhyastha et al [13] demonstrated that CPC accelerated wound healing by inducing fibroblast proliferation through the cell cycle-dependent kinases CDK1 and CDK2 on the one hand, and promoting cell migration to the wound on the other, and subsequently prepared biodegradable CPC scaffolds [14], which were applied to accelerate the first phase of wound healing in mice with skin injuries.In a study by Manconi et al [15], conventional phospholipid microcapsules were found to increase the anti-inflammatory activity of CPC in mice in a dose-dependent relationship. Manconi et al. [15] found that conventional phospholipid microcapsules were able to increase the anti-inflammatory activity of CPC in mice in a dose-dependent manner, whereas liposomes produced the same anti-inflammatory response as the free protein at only 1/2 the dose of CPC; Madhyastha et al. [16] synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgCPCNPs), a low toxicity dermal wound repair material, by using alginate cyanoblue (CPC) as a raw material, which has the advantage of CPC as a wound repair material, and has the advantage of CPC as a wound repair material. Madhyastha et al. [16] synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgCPCNPs), a less toxic material for dermal wound repair using alginin (CPC) as a raw material, which has the dual advantages of CPC as a wound repair agent and Ag nanometal as an antibacterial agent.

In the present study, alginate was prepared as a dressing and its therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and accelerated wound healing, were investigated in a mouse skin injury test.

1 Materials and Methods

1.1 Materials

1.1.1 Laboratory animals: 90 male ICR mice (Certificate No. 20201130Abzz0105999214 SPF grade) with intact skin and weighing 20-25 g. The 60Co sterilized feed and sterilized bedding used to feed the mice were supplied by the Zhejiang Laboratory Animal Center.

1.1.2 Instruments YP1002N electronic balance, BT125D analytical balance (Shanghai Minqiao Precision Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.), UPT-II-60L floor-standing ultrapure water machine (Shanghai Sike Instrument Co., Ltd.), CF16RN high-speed tabletop freezing centrifuge (HITA ⁃ CHI Company, Japan), DK-S24 electrothermal thermostatic water bath (Shanghai Senxin Laboratory Instrument Co., Ltd.), DHG-9140A blast drying oven (Shanghai Jinghong Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd.). Ltd.), DHG-9140A blower drying oven (Shanghai Jinghong Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd.).

1.1.3 Reagents    

PVA-124, CPC, ethanol, ethyl hydroxyphenyl ester, propylene glycol, nitrogen ketone, chloral hydrate, sodium sulfide, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Corporation; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) kits were purchased from Shanghai Biyuntian Bio-Technology Co; Interleukin-6 (IL-6) kit and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) kit were purchased from Abbott (Shanghai) Trading Co.

1.2 Methodology

1.2.1 Preparation of alginate dressing Weigh 0.9 g PVA-124 and 0.03 g hydroxyphenethyl ester added to pure water, placed in a 90 ℃ water bath to dissolve for 24 h, colloid cooling standby . Weigh 0.03 g CPC to join the colloid dissolved, and then add 5 mL of anhydrous ethanol, 0.3 mL of 1% propylene glycol solution and 0.3 mL of 1% azetidone solution mixed homogeneously, add ddH2O volumizing to 30 mL standby.

1.2.2 Sea water conditions    

The seawater used was prepared according to the formula of the Third Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration (Table 1), and the main components and contents were close to those of the seawater off the southeast coast of China, with a pH of 8.2, a relative density of 1.05, an osmotic pressure of 1,300 mmol/L, and a 0.22 μm filtration membrane, and then placed in 4 ℃ for storage.

Table 1 Seawater formulations

name (of a thing)

Content//g/L

NaCl

26.518

MgCl2

2.447

MgSO4

3.305

CaCl2

1.141

NaBr

0.083

NaHCO3

0.202

KCl

0.725

1.2.3 Preparation of animal models for grouping and drug administration

(1) Grouping of mice and administration of drugs. Mice were randomly divided into Control group (Con), Model group (Mod), Blank dressing group (BD), C-phycocyanin transdermal drug delivery group (CPC TDD), CPC transdermal drug delivery+CPC in⁃ traperit injection group (CPC TDD), and CPC transdermal drug delivery+CPC in⁃ traperit injection group (CPC TDD). BD, Blank dressing group (BD), C-phycocyanin transdermal drug delivery group (CPC TDD), CPC transdermal drug delivery + CPC in⁃ traperitoneal injection group (CPC+ip.). The drug delivery methods are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Grouping of animals and administration of drugs

Grouping Administration

Con Mod BD

CPC TDD

CPC+ip.

leave sth. untouched

Apply sterile saline evenly to the wound, 12 h 1 time

A blank dressing was evenly applied to the wound, with a drug thickness of 0.1 cm, once every 12 h.

Apply a prescription phycocyanin dressing to the wound uniformly, with a drug thickness of 0.1 cm.

12 h 1 time

A phycocyanin dressing was applied uniformly to the wound with a drug thickness of 0.1 cm.

12 h once; intraperitoneal injection of phycocyanin at a concentration of 200 mg/kg, 24 h once

Scald test .

Thirty mice were fed and watered ad libitum and housed under standard environmental conditions (24±2°C, 40%~60% humidity, and a 12-h light-dark cycle) for 1 week after acclimatization.

②Dehairing: 8 g NaS and 100 mL ddH2O were used to make dehairing agent, mice were dehaired and left for 24 h to recover naturally. (iii) Modeling: Each mouse was anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate solution (0.04 mL/10 g). Then a preheated round weight [(95±2)°C] with a diameter of 1.5 cm was placed on the hair removal area on the back of the mice with a camera clamped to cause scalding for 10 s, resulting in scalding of the skin of the mice, and the scalding area was kept consistent in each mouse.

Post-scald immersion in seawater. The scald test was repeated, and the scalded mice were immediately tied and immersed in the prepared seawater for 1 h. After the mice were recovered, the wounds were rinsed with saline.

4) Post-traumatic seawater immersion test . The dehairing area of mice was sterilized with 75% ethanol solution, and a 1 cm × 1 cm square wound was cut into the dorsal spine, deep enough to reach the mucous layer of the skin. The mice were immersed in seawater for 1 h after traumatization, and after the mice were recovered from the water, the seawater on the body surface was wiped dry, and the wounds were rinsed with physiological saline.

1.2.4 Indicator testing

1) Body weight . The body weight of the mice was examined during the wound healing process, and the trend of body weight change was observed.

2) Wound healing time. Record the wound healing time of each group of mice from the time of wound infliction to the time when the wound surface starts to crust and the wound is basically healed.

(3) Changes in wound area and wound healing rate . The wound area was recorded on days 3, 7, and 14, and the wound healing rate was calculated. Wound healing rate = [(initial wound area - area on the day of measurement)/initial wound area] × 100%.

(4) Histological analysis. On the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding, mice were anesthetized, and tissue specimens of 1 cm×1 cm in size and not more than 3 mm in thickness were cut from the traumatized surfaces, and HE staining was used to observe the histological changes of the skin and evaluate the pathological changes.

5) Determine the serum levels of inflammatory factors and antioxidant factors . TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and SOD levels in serum were determined.

1.2.5 Data analysis    

SPSS13.0 statistical analysis software was used to analyze the data of each group statistically, and the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x ± S). The t-test was used for multiple comparisons within groups, and then the Newman-Coyles test was used. p<0.05, the difference between the comparison groups was significant.

2 Results and analysis

2.1 Scald test results

2. 1. 1 Molding effect The molding effect is shown in Figure 1.

2. 1.2 Effects of alginate on body weight of mice    

As shown in Fig. 2, the weight of mice in the Con group increased steadily, and except for the Con group, the weight of mice in other treatment groups had a tendency of decreasing and then increasing at the beginning of the treatment period; the weight of the CPC+ip. group recovered the most quickly, followed by the CPC TDD group; the recovery of the CPC+ip. group was close to that of the Con group at the end of the scalded period. The results showed that phycocyanin treatment had the effect of promoting the recovery of body weight in mice due to the symptoms of dehydration, decreased appetite and inflammation at the initial stage of scald injury.

2. 1.3 Effects of algal blue proteins on changes in wound area    

From Figures 3 and 4, it can be seen that the Mod group had the slowest wound healing speed, and the wound was still not completely healed at day 14, while the BD group was similar to the Mod group. Compared with the Mod group, the CPC TDD group had the fastest healing speed and the wound was basically healed at day 14. Compared with the other groups, the CPC+ip. group had the fastest wound healing rate, and the wound was completely healed and the body hair began to recover at day 14. The results showed that after the scalded back of mice, the tissue fluid exuded a lot, and then dried and hardened to form a scab. Blank dressings had little effect on skin healing, while phycocyanin promoted skin healing and was more effective when supplemented with intraperitoneal injections.

1.4 Results of histological changes    

As shown in Figure 5, during the healing process, a large number of platelets aggregated early to form clots, which gradually hardened to form scabs. The capillary permeability of the wound edge increased, and a large number of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages) exuded, mainly concentrated around the wound edge. 3 d, the epithelial cells of each group were obviously destroyed, and most of the epithelial tissue was detached; 7 d, there were already more healed and about to be healed parts in the CPC TDD group and the CPC+ip. group; 14 d, the epithelial cells were arranged neatly and continuously, with good coloration of the epithelial cells in the CPC TDD and the CPC+ip. group, and the dermal tissues and accessory structures were clear. In the CPC TDD and CPC+ip. groups, at 14 d, the epidermal cells were arranged neatly and continuously, the epithelial cells were well colored, the dermal tissues and appendages were clear and intact, and the collagen cells of the dermis were arranged neatly. The results showed that phycocyanin could promote the structural repair of scalded wounds and protect the integrity of skin tissues and cell structures.

2. 1.5 Effect of algin on serum MDA and SOD levels in scalded mice    

As shown in Figure 6, compared with the Mod group, the serum MDA content of the CPC+ip. group decreased significantly and the SOD content increased significantly (P<0.05), while the serum MDA content of the CPC TDD group also decreased and the SOD content increased, but not significantly. The results showed that phycocyanin could promote the expression of SOD and reduce the content of MDA to improve the antioxidant ability of mice, thus promoting wound healing.

1.6 Effect of algin on TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum of scalded mice   

As shown in Figure 7, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in the Mod group compared to the Con group. Compared with the Con group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the CPC+ip. group were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Thus, phycocyanin could reduce the inflammatory response of scalded mice by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors.

2.2 Results of seawater immersion test after burns

2.2.1 Modeling Effect The modeling effect is shown in Figure 8.

2.2.2 Effects of alginate on body weight of mice    

As shown in Fig. 9, the body weight of Con group basically showed a stable growth trend, the body weight of Mod, BD and CPC TDD groups firstly decreased and then increased, and the body weight of CPC+ip. group showed an increasing trend, which was obviously higher than that of other treatment groups. The results showed that phycocyanin could promote the recovery of body weight in mice, and the effect was better when supplemented with intraperitoneal injection.

2.2.3 Effect of alginate on changes in wound area    

As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the wounds of the Mod and BD groups were still not healed at 14 d. The wound healing rate was lower than that of the other two groups, and there were still scabs. CPC TDD and CPC+ip. mice took less time to lose scabs than the Mod and Con groups, and the CPC+ip. group took the shortest time, and the CPC+ip. group had almost completely healed their wounds on the 14th day. The results showed that phycocyanin could promote the healing of injured skin in mice, and the best effect was achieved by intraperitoneal injection.

2.2.4 Results of histologic changes    

As shown in Figure 12, 3 days after the injury, the traumatic tissues of mice in all treatment groups showed varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration, loose submucosa, and destruction of hair follicles, and the degree of inflammation in the traumatic tissues of the Mod and BD groups was significantly higher than that in the CPC+ip. and CPC TDD groups, with severe detachment of the epithelial cells from the mucous membranes, and the arrangement of the cells was sparse and irregular. On day 7, the degree of inflammation in the CPC+ip. group was significantly reduced, hair follicles increased, and epidermal cells were structurally intact and proliferated vigorously, whereas the epidermal cells in the other treatment groups were still sparse and irregularly arranged. On day 14, the wounds of mice in the CPC+ip. and CPC TDD groups were close to healing, and the cells were structurally intact and well organized. On day 21, the epidermal cells of the wounds of mice in all treatment groups were tightly arranged and well organized.

2.2.5 Effects of alginate on MDA and SOD contents in the blood serum of sea water immersed mice after scald injury As shown in Fig. 13, compared with the Mod group, the SOD contents of the CPC TDD group and the CPC+ip. group increased, the MDA contents decreased, and there was a significant difference in the CPC+ip. group (P<0.05). The results showed that phycocyanin could enhance the antioxidant stress response in vivo, and the effect was better when supplemented with intraperitoneal injection.

2.2.6 Effect of algin on TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum of scalded mice As shown in Fig. 14, compared with the Con group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the Mod group increased. Compared with the Mod group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the CPCTDD and CPC+ip. groups were decreased, and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the CPC+ip. group were significantly lower than those in the Mod group (P<0.05). The results indicated that phycocyanin could down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors.

2.3 Post-traumatic sea water immersion test

2.3.1 Molding effect The molding effect is shown in Fig. 15.

2.3.2 Changes in body weight of mice As shown in Fig. 16, the body weight of the Con group showed a steady increase, while the body weights of mice in the CPC TDD group and the CPC+ip. group showed a plateau within 5 days, after which the body weights began to increase rapidly.

2.3.3 Wound healing time As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the wounds of the Mod and BD groups were still not healed at 14 d. The wound healing rate was lower than that of the other two groups, and the scabs were detached from all groups.The time taken to detach the scabs of the mice in the CPC TDD and CPC+ip. groups was lower than that of the Mod and Con groups, and there was a significant difference between the CPC+ip. group and the Mod group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the CPC+ip. group and the Mod group (P<0.05). The wounds of the CPC+ip. group were basically healed at the 14th day. The results indicated that phycocyanin could promote the healing of injured skin in mice.

2.3.4 Histological changes As can be seen in Figure 19, at day 7, the Mod group had oedema, massive inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of epidermal cells, and an incomplete traumatic surface, while the CPC TDD and CPC+ip groups had reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and the epidermis was gradually recovered. On the 14th day, in Mod group, part of the wound surface was necrotic, the epidermis was still incomplete, there were scars and neoplastic tissues appeared. in CPC TDD group and CPC+ip. group, the epidermis was thickened and the wound surface was intact, the structure of the skin was clear, and the formation of granulation tissues could be seen.

2.3.5 Effects of alginate on MDA and SOD in the blood serum of sea water immersed mice after scald injury As shown in Fig. 20, compared with the Con group, the serum SOD content of the Mod group decreased and the MDA content increased. Compared with the MOD group, the SOD content in the CPC TDD group and CPC+ip. group increased and the MDA content decreased, with a significant difference in the CPC+ip. group (P < 0.05). The results showed that phycocyanin could enhance the antioxidant stress response in vivo, and the effect of intraperitoneal injection was better.

2.3.6 Effects of algin on the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in scalded mice As shown in Fig. 21, compared with the Con group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the Mod group increased. Compared with the Mod group, the TNF-α and IL-6 levels decreased in the CPC TDD and CPC+ip. groups. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the CPC+ip. group were significantly lower than those in the Mod group (P<0.05). The results indicated that phycocyanin could down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors.

3 Summary and discussion

SOD can effectively scavenge oxidized free radicals, maintain the balance of free radicals in the body, and protect the tissues from oxidative damage. low SOD content will lead to a large accumulation of oxygen free radicals, which will lead to lipid peroxidation, generating a large amount of lipid peroxides (MDA), and damaging the body. Liu Qi et al. [17] found that alginate had a preventive effect on the oxidative system damage model induced by X-ray radiation in mice. Compared with the model group, the serum and liver tissue of the alginate prevention group showed an increase in SOD content, a decrease in MDA content, and an increase in ROS and GSH-PX content in the liver tissue, indicating that alginate can protect the oxidative system in the body and improve the body's antioxidant ability. In the present study, the SOD content increased and MDA content decreased in mice using algin dressing, and the effect of supplementing with intraperitoneal injection of algin was more significant.

TNF-α induces cytokines such as IL-1, IL-10, IFN-γ and other cytokines to participate in the inflammatory response in injured mice.The higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α indicate a more intense inflammatory response and slower wound healing in mice.Grover et al.[18] found that phycocyanin could inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-c, TNF-a), thus increasing the immunity of the organism, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-c, TNF-a), thus increasing the immunity of the body. The present study demonstrated that CPC could reduce the synthesis of IL-6 and TNF-a in the serum of mouse skin injury model, and reduce the inflammatory response of mice, thus promoting the healing of mouse skin and achieving therapeutic effects.

Algae blue protein also has functional activities such as anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis, and enhancement of immunity [19]. The study of Sun Yingxin [20] found that algal blue protein could reduce paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, lower the MDA content in serum and lung tissue, increase the content of SOD antioxidant enzyme, inhibit the activity of TNF-α and lower the level of TGF-β1. Zhai Shixiang [21] found that phycocyanin could alleviate LPS-induced hepatic stellate cell fibrosis and CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, and found that phycocyanin could increase the abundance of intestinal flora with anti-inflammatory activity in rats. The study of Han Minmin [22] found that phycocyanin significantly inhibited the growth of eight types of tumor cells, including human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and human pancreatic cancer cells, and was able to promote the development of immune organs and enhance immunity in mice. Zhang Xin et al. [23] found that phycocyanin and its α and β subunits significantly inhibited the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A-1 cells, and the cell survival rate was inversely proportional to the concentration. Chu et al. [24] found that C-alginin induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and the main mechanism may be related to the activation of p38MAPK and JNK signaling.

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[5] Fang Hui. Rapid Detection of Cyanobacterial Protein Content in Spirulina obtususus based on Spectroscopic Technology [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2020.

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[18] GROVER P, BHATNAGAR A, KUMARI N, et al. C-Phycocya⁃ nin-a novel protein from Spirulina platensis-In vivo toxicity, anti⁃ oxidant and immunomodulatory studies［J］.Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021, 28(3):1853-1859.

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［20］ Sun Yingxin. Study on anti-paraquat induced pulmonary fibrillation in rats by Spirogyra albicans blue protein［D］. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012.

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#Phycocyanin #Phycocyaninpowder #Phycocyaninuses #Phycocyaninbenefits #CPhycocyanin

[indigopari]

from headspace-hotel.tumblr.com/post/740355263548342272/yeah-and-the-widely-held-belief-that-glyphosate

valiantgallus

Jan 23

Yeah one thing I've learned by being in an agriculture school is that most of what's "mainstream" knowledge is false or at the very least very watered down and not presented in a way that makes it easier to understand. Like there's a soil bacterium that's used as a pesticide that only effects caterpillars and west Nile carrying mosquitos and also works as an anticancer in lab settings but people see the big scary pesticide and run away even though you could drink it and be fine.

headspace-hotel

Jan 23

Yeah, and the widely held belief that Glyphosate (Roundup) is uniquely dangerous as a pesticide when the active ingredient is actually significantly safer than most of the other stuff out there. (I say active ingredient because there are inactive ingredients that may actually be more harmful but are less regulated)

Or just...a lot of things about pesticides. Like USA consumers freaking out over the possibility of pesticide residues on their food, and pesticide residues driving all the safety concerns, when there are underpaid and oppressed migrant workers being forced to touch and breathe the stuff all the damn time, probably without proper PPE, because a lot of agricultural laborers in the USA are undocumented and if they complain about unsafe labor practices their boss (You're not a farmer if you just own a farm and don't touch dirt yourself, lol) can squeal on them to ICE.

Like no, one nanogram of roundup having been in the same room of your food isn't going to give you cancer, but inhaling and having skin contact with roundup day in and day out for 30 years just might.

Also I hope you don't use Raid or any kind of bug-killing spray in your house on a regular basis and turn around and complain about pesticides on your food.

Reading in depth about the active ingredients of pesticides and the content of their safety data sheets, how they've been tested, and their rules for handling and using them made me much less afraid of pesticides on food, and much MORE afraid of pesticides in houses.

Like to be completely honest with you, as long as they're not bedbugs or some other kind of parasite, I would prefer to just have the bugs in my house, thanks.

(Predators like spiders and house centipedes are actually helping to STOP actually harmful creatures from moving in to those niches, so there's also that.)

Don't even get me started on GMO's.

Why are agriculture classes the first time I've learned extremely basic info about nutrition and how digestion works. Why isn't this stuff in health textbooks or any easily accessible resource about healthy eating.

[thefoodangel]

Improved Memory: The flavonols and phytonutrients in Amla may help fight against free radicals, protecting brain cells and potentially improving memory.

Blood Sugar Regulation: The soluble fiber in Amla helps slow down sugar absorption, reducing blood sugar spikes.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Amla’s rich antioxidant content, including gallic acid, ascorbic acid, and phenolic compounds, may help protect against oxidative stress and inflammation.

Cardiovascular Health: Amla may reduce artery stiffness, making it a potential alternative to statins for individuals with diabetes and artery dysfunction.

Cholesterol Management: Amla extracts have been shown to decrease LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels, while increasing HDL cholesterol.

Anticancer Properties: Amla’s ellagitannins have been reported to possess anti-cancer activities.

Kidney Health: Amla may help prevent age-related kidney diseases by reducing lipid levels.

[tinyshe]

An Insight into Anticancer Effect of Propolis and Its Constituents: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms

Abstract

Propolis is a natural compound collected by honeybees from different parts of plants. Honeybees produce a sticky component besides honey by mixing the tree resin and other botanical sources with saliva called propolis or bee glue. Propolis was traditionally used as a wound healing substance, cosmetic, medicine, and many other conditions. Till now, there is no definite curable treatment for most cancers and chemotherapeutic drugs and drugs used for targeted therapies have serious side effects. According to a recent research, natural products are becoming increasingly essential in cancer prevention. Natural products are a great source of potential therapeutic agents, especially in the treatment of cancer. Previous studies have reported that the presence of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), artepillin C, and chrysin is responsible for the anticancer potential of propolis. Most of the previous studies suggested that propolis and its active compounds inhibit cancer progression by targeting multiple signaling pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules, and induce cell cycle arrest. Induction of apoptosis by propolis is mediated through extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The aim of this review is to highlight and summarize the molecular targets and anticancer potential of propolis and its active compounds on cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in cancer cells.

rest of article at ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9232326/