#fulani jihad

[lightdancer1]

As always a bit of a dip into historiography can frame the narrower discussions in proper perspective:

Before discussing in greater detail the Fulani jihad, a pre-emptive note to note that historiography of the Fulani tends to place a greater than justifiable emphasis on the reality that they entered history in a condition of violence that made their power over much of the Sahel a fixed point in time. To put it brutally this was also true of Scandinavians who entered history as pirates, thieves, murderers, rapists, and imperialists and refined the opportunistic raids of Vikings into the larger-scale imperial bids of Denmark and Sweden that lasted with the latter until Peter the Great annihilated it for all time at Poltava.

Modern Scandies seldom get remembered for their ancestors being some of the most violent people in violent times and openly and willfully glorying in the fact. Neither should 21st Century Fulani be judged on the basis of the Sokoto Caliphate as a guide to who they are and what they are now, with the promotion of this narrative serving a great many interests across post-colonial West African states.

[secular-jew]

Another 105 civilians from the Christian Mwagaful community, were murdered in Nigeria by Alfonja Jihadi Fulani militias who are ethnic cleansing Nigeria of its Christians in the state of Plateau and elsewhere. The UN and the world is ignoring Islamic Jihad in Nigeria.

This follows the news of 300 deaths during targeted attacks on Christian villages in Plateau State on Christmas Eve.

"40,000 Nigerians have been slaughtered and 3 million displaced. Why no protests?"

There are no protests because the victims are the wrong victims, and the perpetrators are the wrong perpetrators.

A report from Makurdi Diocese’s Foundation for Justice, Development and Peace has revealed there were 119 militant attacks targeting predominantly Christian communities in one state alone in 2023.

Islamists also murdered 414 people and injured, raped or kidnapped almost 100 more in Benue State last year.

The former Muslim President of Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari is Fulani. He orchestrated the Biafra massacre that resulted in the deaths mostly by starvation of some two million Christian Biafrans, after Biafra attempted to break away from Muslim controlled northern Nigeria.

[panafrocore]

The Sokoto Caliphate: History, Legacy, and Impact On One Of Africa's Powerful Caliphate In West Africa

OThe Sokoto Caliphate, also known as the Sultanate of Sokoto, was a powerful Sunni Muslim caliphate that emerged in West Africa in the early 19th century. Founded by the revered leader Usman dan Fodio during the Fulani jihads, this influential empire played a significant role in shaping the region’s history and continues to leave a lasting impact on contemporary Nigeria and West Africa as a…

[powertrumpeter]

Open Letter To New Niger Republic Leader Tchiani

Good Day Sir (Bonjour Monsieur),

We want to first congratulate you, for your outstanding performance in revamping the ailing economy of Niger Republic; months after taking over power from your corrupt predecessor. Your country’s economy and standard of living, are among the fastest growing in Africa. Do not relent in your efforts.

Many believe it’s expedient for persons like you, to come on board to salvage the mess, some African leaders are in. We have military or civilian coup. In Africa, military takeover of government in some countries, can be justified. Quite a number of African Presidents are very corrupt, and stooges of colonial masters. Civilian coup occurs, when election results are massively rigged and manipulated, to remove the real winner of presidential election. Then, the looser is declared the winner. It happened in Nigeria in the year 2023 Presidential Election. Civilian coup should be more condemnable than military coup.

Sir, we appeal you use your credible position as Niger leader, to address the menace of your nationals in other countries; especially in Nigeria. Peasant Fulanis recruited from Niger Republic, and some other African countries, are being used by Nigerian Northern elite, to wreck havoc in the Middle belt, and Southern part of Nigeria. They are brain-washed to shun western education. Instead, they are engaged in primitive Jihad war of killing people, and dispossessing them of their ancestral lands. These disguised murderers and kidnappers, use nomadic cattle rearing to cover up their atrocities, and heinous crimes against our people.

You can redeem the reputation of your country, which has being dragged to the mud, by recalling and rehabilitating these vulnerable ones. Build ranches for them to breed healthy, well nourished cows, with modern facilities. Build more skill-acquisition centres. Make education compulsory, at least up to primary school level; even among the nomadic herdsmen. These will go a long way to reduce drastically, the exploitation of herdsmen and other peasants, by evil politicians and elite. Illiterate and ill-educated war mongers ruling in Nigeria, have no regard for human lives. They shed blood to pursue their selfish, political ambitions.

Why can’t they use their own children and close relatives, to commit those atrocities? Religious hypocrites! Their children are in the best schools overseas; living ostentatious lifestyles there. They arm Fulanis of poor background to, destroy farmlands, rape women and girls, as well as engage in kidnapping and ritual killings.

A civilian dictator in Nigeria, handed over power to his puppet in 2023, who lost in an election. It was a well, orchestrated civilian coup, calculated to cover up his mess, while in office. He was the architect of Fulani herdsmen terrorism across the country: apart from the treasury he looted with impunity. He encouraged the influx of Fulani from Niger Republic and other neighbouring countries for sinister motives. He armed them with automatic weapons to invade communities. Also, he massively recruited them into the Military and Police. He sent a lot of them to fight our people here in Biafra land.

This impostor, colluded with some governors in Biafra land, especially in Imo State, to recruit Fulanis (many from Niger) into Ebubeagu Vigilante group, along with pipeline vandals from River State, to fight Biafra agitators. We urge you to call them back home. You can give them a much better future. They are facing a very formidable Biafrans, who are highly determined to defend themselves against their sworn enemies. Gone are the days when Gowon and his cohorts, recruited “Gwodo Gwodo” soldiers from Northern neighbors, to maim and kill our people; then got away with it.

We have confidence you will return those terrorists in uniforms, hastily enlisted into the Armed Forces by Nigerian Authorities, back to your country. A lot of them are from Niger Republic. Don’t allow them to be used, as experimental guinea pigs by wicked rulers. The truth is that they are on suicide mission. This generation of Biafra agitators they are fighting, are the descendants of those who fought for Biafra, during Nigerian civil war in the 1960s. Let them withdraw from our land with their deadly weapons. We don’t have anything personal against them.

In fact, we have many Fulanis, who engage in legitimate means of livelihood here. They trade in food stuffs like: rice, beans and yams. As well they sell clothes. We patronize them; and co-exist peacefully with them. Of course, we don’t have problems with this set of people. Recall those ones who make themselves willing tools, in the hands of wicked Northern politicians and elite. They will never succeed in Biafra land, for God Almighty is solidly behind us.

We urge you to carry out thorough probe, on how your nationals are being recruited and used to carry out heinous crimes in Nigeria, in the name of Jihad war. They are sponsored to involve in kidnapping and ritual killing business. You must have heard how a Methodist Church Prelate in Nigeria, was kidnapped with his two colleagues. Ransom of 100 million naira was paid to their abductors, who include your citizens from Niger Republic. It happened in Umunneochi, Abia State in Biafra land in the year 2022. They are also actively involved in kidnapping and ritual murders in Abia Cattle markets. Recently, Abia Governor ordered a raid in the place; and many decomposing bodies were discovered there; some of them beheaded. These are a tip of the iceberg, of the dirty jobs your nationals are being used to do in Nigeria; particularly in Biafra land.

There is no doubt you’re a man of integrity and educated enough; going by your superlative performance in office, and conduct so far. Do not align yourself with wicked rulers; whether still in power or out of power. You’re not compatible with that illiterate dictator, who relinquished power in the year 2023 in Nigeria. He brought the country to its knees during the years of his tyranny. He is ill-educated junta that doesn’t have even primary school certificate. Thousands of people were brutally murdered across the country: in pursuit of his primitive Jihadist agenda. He used Fulani herdsmen, to kill and take over communal lands. He impersonates somebody who died several years ago. This charlatan staged civilian coup in Nigeria; to hand over power to someone who lost woefully in the election. Somebody from Biafra land (Peter Obi), won the election clearly. He hates our people to his own peril.

His plan was to flee to Niger Republic, and hide after handing over power. Now, he must have realized somebody like you won’t condone his crimes against humanity. His evils shall find him out. The evils men do live with them. It’s a matter of time, he will be brought to book for his abominable acts. He is the most wicked and corrupt person that has ever ruled Nigeria. If you want to maintain your integrity before the International Community, distance yourself from him. We are looking forward to your positive response… https://powertrumpeter.org/?p=482.

[amitapaul]

1519 -105

29/23

#23GloPoWriMo

Year 2023 Month April Day 23

Prompt Dated 23/4/23

Response No : 1

Poem No : 29

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Featured Poem :

Our featured participant for the day is Moment of November, which inverts Emily Dickinson’s “My Nosegays are for Captives” into a lovely verse that takes roses as its starting point.

My Roses are for Seekers

Napowrimo Day 22: Pick an Emily Dickinson poem and make it your own.

I chose “My Nosegays Are For Captives”

The original:

“My Nosegays Are For Captives”

My nosegays are for captives;

Dim, long-expectant eyes,

Fingers denied the plucking,

Patient till paradise,

To such, if they should whisper

Of morning and the moor,

They bear no other errand,

And I, no other prayer.

My poem:

My Roses are for Seekers

My roses are

For seekers, world-weary;

Eyes bloodshot and blurred,

Souls impatient and ready.

To such, if they

Would only shout out loud

Of expectant constellations

And refuse to cease the sound,

They would have no farther

To go.

I’d give of mine, with plenty

Left to show.

Poetry Resource :

Our daily resource is African Poems, a website devoted to presenting poetry from Africa, with an emphasis on making oral poetry available to a wide audience through recordings.

The city of Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ is located within Oyo State, south-western Nigeria. It is close to a forest region that was an area of indigenous iron mining and smelting. The towns in this region are home to the largest concentration of Ògún festivals in Yorubaland, Ògún being the Yorùbá god of iron, blacksmithing, tool making, hunting and warfare. More poetry about Ògún can be found here.

The village was founded in the 17th century by hunters who formed a mutual assistance community, Egbe Alongo (Alongo Society), that also served as a military pact to defend against slave raiders. The village grew as refugees fleeing slavers, and later the Fulani Jihad in the 19th century, were offered shelter in Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́. The town established a reputation as a birthplace of warriors that continued through the 20th century when soldiers from the region became famous during the Nigerian–Biafran War.

One of the indigenous genres of music that originates in Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ is Ìjálá Ọdẹ, a style of oral poetry mythically and ritually associated with the worship of Ògún. Ìjálá poetry was historically composed by hunters to describe the characteristics of the animals they hunt and to eulogise hunters and warriors at their funerals.

The poet Ògundáre Fóyánmu was born in Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ in 1932 and died on the 13th October, 2012 at the age of 80. Introduced to oral poetry through his father, an Egúngún chanter, Fóyánmu became instrumental in the evolution of Ìjálá Ọdẹ in Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́.

This rendition by Ògundáre Fóyánmu was recorded on Saturday the 25th August 1978 and performed before the traditional ruler of Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́, Ọba Jimoh Oladunni Oyewumi, who is here referred to as Akano Oladunni.

Here, the poet lists the lineage of kings who ruled Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ since its founding by the hunter Olabanjo Ogunlola Ogundiran and his wife Esuu in 1659. We hear Fóyánmu praising the successful battles of the early leaders, before moving on to celebrate the traders, musicians, farmers, soldiers and other indigenes of contemporary Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́.

The performance ends with Fóyánmu encouraging the citizens of Ògbómọ̀ṣọ́ to join the cooperative society, reflecting the mutual assistance pact made by the founders of the city in the 17th century.

My thanks to Adéjọkẹ́ Yéwándé Olúwájọbí for the translation that follows.

Ogbomosho

Akano Oladunni, (1)

always remember your progenitors in all your endeavours.

The king of Ogbomosho!

Because paying homage is important.

As the spirits of predecessors will on this note support the successors.

Ogunlola bears the name of the first king. (2)

Truly!

Soun Keeetan, the spirit of Laberinjo,

the greatly feathered peacock,

the highly-armoured warrior.

All these greetings belong to the First Soun!

The one who brings elephant to town.

The one who fights with all bravery.

The one who strikes in the battle like thunder.

The powerful one who is always daring.

The one who has armoury all over him.

The one for whom drums made from brass were massively beaten.

May you get home safely!

He will always support you as a father supports his child.

And Jogi Oro Apati who does not fear war at anytime. (3)

He challenges both the oracle and the idols.

Welcome!

He who does as he wishes.

All hail the king!

He will also support you.

And Ikumoyede Ajao, (4)

the one who possesses royal semen,

the endowed king of Bambi.

Welcome!

The king who had five wives,

each of them had one child for him,

and every of the child became king.

Oh Foyanmu, you are versed in history!

Ikumoyede was the husband of Agbo-in,

the daughter of Alaafin of the Old Oyo empire.

And she bore Toyeje, the fiery general. (5)

Ikumoyede was the husband of Balusoke Adubo.

Adubo was a native of Ajase-ipo town.

She was the mother of Oluwusi Aremu, (6)

the one who was slim and possessed long plaited beads.

Welcome!

Ikumoyede was the husband of Aina.

Truly!

She was the mother of Lawyer Gbadewuwon,

the envy of all royal men.

Ikumoyede was the husband of Asande,

a native of Irawo town.

Welcome!

Asande ogun was the mother of Idowu Ibolanta (7)

Welcome!

Ikumoyede was the husband of Ogunrun.

Ogunrun was a native of Agun town.

Bravo!

She was the mother of Akintunde,

the one who enjoyed eating snakes.

Ibikunle of Ibadan did not let us mourn.

As he always emerged with valour.

He was indeed a pride of the ancestors.

Oh Foyanmu, may the spirit of the king support you!

May he support you as a father supports the child.

Amen!

ETC

Prompt :

Finally, here’s our optional prompt for the day! Start off by reading Arvind Krishna Mehrotra’s “Lockdown Garden.”

*******

Lockdown Garden

BY ARVIND KRISHNA MEHROTRA

1

Close to each other,

socially undistanced,

the mulberry leaves,

uniformly green,

shall turn brown together.

It’s like a herd dying.

2

Firm to begin with,

the mud clod

could’ve injured you.

It crumbles in your hand.

3

In the heap of dead

leaves crinkly as

brown skins, those

breathing things

foraging around

the bamboo stand

are jungle babblers.

4

It was planted

all wrong, too

close to a wall,

under the mango

trees. There was

nowhere for it

to go except up

like a mast and

that’s where

it went, taking

its leaves with it—

long, tapering.

I never saw them

fall. It never

flowered, which

would’ve helped

me look it up in a

book of flowering

Indian trees. Now

I’ll never know

its name nor of

the bird singing

at evening

in the shrubbery.

5

She stood outside

the gate, a woman

my age, head covered

with flowery print,

a sickle in her hand.

Could she come

inside and cut

grass for her goats?

It was ankle high.

Her face was inches

from mine and I felt

her breath on my skin.

It’s after I’d turned

the corner that I heard

what she’d said.

6

The shingles unwalked on,

the doors bolted,

the squirrels back in their nests.

Under the moon a bird floats

and settles on a branch.

The sky is pale.

The leaves of the ironwood

when new every spring

are a deep pink.

The evening goes out like a flame.

We’ve seen different things.

It’s always been so.

Tell me, love, what you saw today.

*****

Source : Poetry 2020

*****

Now, try to write a poem of your own that has multiple numbered sections.

Attempt to have each section be in dialogue with the others, like a song where a different person sings each verse, giving a different point of view.

Set the poem in a specific place that you used to spend a lot of time in, but don’t spend time in anymore.

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Poem Title : THE CHAIR

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1

The chair, the desk,

the large rooms,

the cubicled sections

the long corridors

the colonnaded porticos

and the lawns

with formal borders

a crooked fir tree

graceful frangipani

bougainvillea and quisqualis

and the bridal creeper

trailing over

the boundary walls

I never really knew

how much the gardens

meant to me

and the vases of flowers

on the tables.

2.

Teatime was always the best of times

and of course it was always teatime

Well, after eleven o’clock, definitely

Bearers in white with red cummerbunds

and ornate turbans of red and white

with gold piping seen here and there

between the folds, and a stiff hoopoe’s crest

of starched white mulmul topping the confection

could be seen soundlessly floating up and down

the gleaming corridors of power with polished door of teak and mahogany opening on both sides

amidst the potted palms and aspidistras

bearing silver trays with silver teapots

( later steel ) and milkpots and sugarpots

spoons and strainers and starched damask napkins

with Brittania Marie Wafer Biscuits and trail mixes

of spicy salted vermicelli and roasted gram and pulses

at the very least ; at best piping hot samosas

plump with mashed spiced peas and potatoes

served with a dash of Kissan’s tomato sauce

which is in fact mostly made of pumpkin

and ice- cold rosogullas in their own syrup

or sugar- bombs of soft sticky hot gulabjamuns

served with fresh hot Darjeeling tea

O the tinkling of those spoons in those teacups

and the tiny clouds of steam rising like mini dragons

from each fine porcelain or bone-china tea-cup when tea was poured from the hot teapot pot

into each translucent cup, table brewed -

a soupçon of milk, and one sugar, please .

3.

The gossip was always hotter and spicier

than the snacks and the tea, especially

in the rooms of the departments of personnel

finance and cabinet coordination, especially

on Tuesday afternoons, when the Cabinet

usually met, and transfers and postings were decided :

you could see hacks from over a dozen newspapers

eager for slivers of news that even a passing peon

could drop, before the big feast of the post- cabinet

Press Conference, with pakoras and pineapple pastries

and ready- mixed tea from aluminium tea kettles

for official spokespersons, assistants, clerks,

and media persons. Four thirty to five , in the Secretariat Conference Hall

under the pink Clock Tower in the Old Secretariat.

4.

To sit for hours

in colour- blocked

salwar - kameez-

dupatta- jacket

poring over petitions

and yellowed pages

of the law books

and “ reporters “

of High Court

and Supreme Court

Judgements with

titles and years

etched on their

covers and spines

in gold on red black

or brown leather

sparring with lawyers

in their black coats

and gowns and stiff

starched white collars

bow ties and recording

evidence and citing

precedents and dictating

judgements in tones

sonorous to drowsy

stenographers…..

5.

Upstairs in the record room with the port- hole windows

records from a hundred fifty years ago were slowly

falling apart among the district gazetteers, and the clerks

and record- keepers wheezed and coughed

with asthma and tuberculosis, driving up the costs

of medical reimbursement.

6.

One day the marigold garlands and rose bouquets

came out in cartloads and speeches were delivered

framed and presented to a jolly good “ fellow”

and a farewell ride given on a car pulled by colleagues.

That night, a buffet dinner at a posh hotel.

Then silence, more or less.

7.

Cholai, the principal under- gardner,

brought home a bunch of handpicked flowers

on my birthday .

We had some tea and biscuits

and a pleasant chat in the verandah.

Birds sang to us - I , relaxed on my rattan recliner,

He , very proper, on a polished shisham chair.

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Poet : Amita Sarjit Ahluwalia

Poem 29/23 rd Day

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[hardynwa]

Obi won presidential election but INEC declared Tinubu winner – Ekpa tells UN

Biafra agitator, Simon Ekpa on Thursday accused the Nigerian government of scuttling the election of Peter Obi at the February 25 presidential poll. Obi, the candidate of the Labour Party, LP, rejected the result and is now in court to challenge the victory of President-elect Bola Tinubu of the All Progressives Congress, APC. In a letter to the United Nations General Assembly, UNGA, seen by DAILY POST, Ekpa berated Information Minister Lai Mohammed for “lying” about the elections. He said the official has been “junketing…telling lies and calling for a ban on all fund-raising activities of the indigenous people of Biafra with threats of sanctions”. “Little did he say to the world, Mr. Peter Obi of the LP won the presidential election and the government and its subservient electoral body declared the ruling APC candidate (Tinubu), winner”. Ekpa noted that even the UN has admitted the general elections “revealed ethnic, religious, demographic fault lines in Nigeria”. The position, according to him, somehow captures the situation of Nigeria that needs urgent redress through a referendum. Ekpa said when Obi’s running mate, Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed, cited election irregularities, Mohammed “through his broadcasting commission slammed a N5 million fine on the television station”. On the election in Lagos State, the secessionist said Obi defeated Tinubu, despite the disenfranchisement of “Biafra people”. “State-sponsored political thugs went on a rampage, burning down the markets where the Biafra people are dominant and their businesses. “Another Market was burned in Maiduguri (capital of Borno) where Eastern (Biafra) people do their businesses. “Almost all big markets have been burned down by a combination of government security agencies and the terrorist Fulani herdsmen conducting economic jihad.” Ekpa told the UN that killings are still going on while the burning of homes, markets and churches is being perpetrated by government-sponsored terrorists and arsonists in state uniforms. On Eastern Security Network, ESN, he said the group made up of volunteer indigenous youths, was formed against “state-sponsored terrorists’ herdsmen and their accomplices in the military”. Read the full article

[apwmagazine]

Muslims Invade Enugu Community, Murder Dozens In New Jihad Massacre

Muslims Invade Enugu Community, Murder Dozens In New Jihad Massacre

“Our land is under siege. Many people are on tears. Fulani herdsmen invaded Agbada in Nenwe, Aninri LGA Of Enugu State early hours of today 30th December 2022 and killed many people. Many villagers already deserted their community while others ran into the bushes for safety.” “Make ready for them all that you can of force and of warhorses, so that by them you may strike terror in the enemy of…

[go-ro]

Sidi Muhammad’s Advice to Ahmed Lobbo

“The  Peuls  were  more  distant  geo-graphically than the nearby Tuaregs but this did not prevent Shaykh Sidi Muhammadfrom interceding with the leaders of the Peul jihadat the beginning of the nineteenthcentury  –  the  jihads took  place  in  Sokoto  and  Macina  –  in  order  to  respond  to  legalconcerns  they  raised,  to  pacify  a  conflict  involving  his  customers  or  disciples,  or  toadvise them. Thus, in the work entitled al-Futuhat al-qudsiyya bi al-ajwiba al-Fullaniyya(The Blessed Triumphs or the Fulani Responses), written in response to 24 questions asked by Ahmadu Lobbo, Sidi Muhammad provided the outline for a kind of Islamic constitution  for  the  Peul  state  that  was  being  established.  These  letters  to  influential lineage chiefs such as Hammadi Galadio and Nuhum Tahiru (Nuh b. at-Tahir) regarding their  disputes  with  Ahmadu  Lobbo  demonstrate  the  extent  of  his  influence,  and  the importance of the mediation activity he conducted among the Peul groups gravitating around  the  armed  preaching  of  the  founder  of  the  Peul  Islamic  state  of  Macina.”

Even though he gave them advice, it seemed that he was adamant that they didn’t intrude into his territory. 

[dcoglobalnews]

JUST IN: NIGERIAN POLICE INSPECTOR TENDERS RESIGNATION OVER ALLEGED KILLING OF IPOB MEMBERS BY FULANI TERRORISTS, PERSECUTION OF NNAMDI KANU

A Nigerian policeman, Inspector Ekemezie Hycient has tendered his resignation over alleged marginalisation and victimisation of the South-East people.The officer attached to the Inspector General of Police Special Taskforce on Petroleum and Illegal Bunkering Unit, Calabar sector in a letter to the police authorities, said he was quitting because “the Nigeria state has been so polarized that…

[gwendolynlerman]

Language vitality

Language vitality can be measured on a scale from “healthy” to “extinct”. A UNESCO paper proposes nine factors that can determine the viability of a language:

Absolute number of speakers

Availability of materials for language education and literacy

Community member’s attitudes towards their own language

Governmental and institutional language attitudes and policies, including official status and use

Intergenerational language transmission

Proportion of speakers within the total population

Response to new domains and media

Shifts in domains of language use

Type and quality of documentation

Almost all these factors include six degrees of endangerment: safe (healthy), unsafe/vulnerable, definitely endangered, severely endangered, critically endangered, and extinct.

The causes of language endangerment can be divided into four main categories:

disease, famine, natural catastrophes: The village of Malol in Papua New Guinea was destroyed by an earthquake in 1998. Malol was estimated to have 3,330 speakers at the time.

genocide and war: The Kasabe language of Cameroon became extinct in 1995 as a result of Fulani jihad during the 19th century and the subsequent enslavement and massacre.

overt repression (assimilation): Breton, spoken in France, is an example of a severely endangered language that suffered repression in the name of national unity.

cultural/economic/political dominance: Santali, a language of India, is classified as vulnerable due to the predominance of Bengali and especially Hindi, which is the official language of the country together with English.

There is a difference between an extinct language, which is one that no longer has any speakers, and a dead language, which is one that no longer is the native language of any community, even if it is still in use. Latin, the official language of the Holy See, and Coptic, the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church, are two examples of dead languages. To revive an extinct language, adequate documentation is necessary, as has been the case of Hebrew and Cornish, among others. This process is known as language revitalization and also refers to the attempt to slow language death. Some examples include Ainu, Livonian, Navajo, and Māori.

[lightdancer1]

This article has a neat summary of the overall history of the Oyo Empire:

To further examine the history of the Oyo Empire, it should be noted that it too inherited some of the same weaknesses as the Zulu and other militarized autocratic states, namely the habit in pre-industrial autocracies that if generals were not properly rigidly kept in line by terror they were likely to do the pronunciamento regardless of whether or not it destabilized the state. As with the Ummayyads taking down enfeebled Byzantine and Sassanian infrastructure, so did the Sokoto Caliphate emerge like the icheneumon wasp from a caterpillar weakened by putsch and civil war, not a strong state taken down by the heroic valor of Mujahideen.

That, of course, is how the Fulani prefer to remember it as people tend to exaggerate the strengths of their enemies to strengthen their own claims to glory. In this the Oyo Empire was not unique tot the same realities that afflicted other states like it, the distinction is that it was not European power that destroyed it but a Jihad launched by one of the many bloody-handed reformer imperialists a dime a dozen in Islamic history.

[secular-jew]

DAILY ISLAMIC CALIPHATE NEWS:

Over the Xmas period, Fulani Islamist militias murdered 181 Christian Nigerians in 4 villages and in Plateau State.

The Fulani people joined a militia formed in 2009 to fight the Tuaregs. Many Fulani were then integrated into the MOJWA, then into the ISGS, the Islamic State in the Great Sahara.

No Jews, no news.

Source: Steven Kefas

[khabiryasin]

In Mauritania 🇲🇷, the white Muslims brought their slaves from the Fulani (Pular) people of West Africa, who waged jihad on the Bombarah people, because they were snatching Fulani people and selling them to the White slave traders, and yes, there were Arabs going across the Senegal River and burning down the houses of the Africans and capturing them when they ran out of their burning homes and then made them slaves when they were taking across the river to which is now Mauritania 🇲🇷.

[politiciandirect]

Report: Genocide of Nigeria’s Christians a ‘Global Security Nightmare’

Report: Genocide of Nigeria’s Christians a ‘Global Security Nightmare’

ROME — The ongoing slaughter of Nigerian Christians by Muslim herders and terrorists is a powder keg waiting to explode, according to an essay Sunday by Christian persecution expert John L. Allen.

A recent report asserted that 52 lethal, anti-Christian attacks took place in Nigeria during the first six months of 2019, notes Mr. Allen, the author of the 2013 bestseller The Global War on…

[tabernacleheart]

Muslim terrorists have returned a kidnapped priest in northern Nigeria after killing another. 75-year-old Fr. Joseph Keke was safely returned on Thursday to Malumfashi Village in Katsina State after remaining in Islamic custody for over a week... Now-slain Fr. Alphonsus Bello of St. Vincent Ferrer Catholic Church, where Fr. Keke was a resident priest, was also kidnapped. His body was found May 28, lying on some farmland. He was only 33 years old and was buried on June 1 in Kaduna State.

The Vatican media reported the kidnappers were so-called "bandits." But a diocesan source claimed there's more to it. He told Church Militant the kidnappers were members of the Fulani militia. Fulanis are an ethnic group of Muslim herdsmen looking to conquer land for farming. Many of them murder, rape and pillage Christian villages across Northern Nigeria in the name of Islamic jihad (holy war) against Christianity. When asked if the Fulanis were friendly to ISIS affiliate Boko Haram, the source said, "Yes!" The source went on to say he "knows this is an Islamic jihad against Christianity," stating he is certain the motivation behind the kidnappings was religious. These terrorists are also suspected in a raid against Kadaje community in the Kaduna diocese — killing eight people and abducting 11 more including another diocesan priest. Fulani militants are responsible for even more Christian deaths in Nigeria than Boko Haram, claiming up to 1,700 lives in 2018 alone. The region has been under attack by Muslim groups since 2009.

The West African nation has a sizable Catholic minority, making up 10.5% of the total population, while another 35% are non-Catholic Christians. Since the 2015 election of the Muslim president Muhammadu Buhari, however, forced Islamization in the country has ramped up. The country is currently listed in the top 10 of the 2021 World Watch List due to constant violence coming from Islamic militants — common in the nation's north and middle belt. The list tracks the top 50 countries where it's "most difficult to follow Jesus." The report labels Nigeria's persecution level against Christians "extreme" — claiming the government has been either "unable or unwilling" to help fight these terror groups. The Sokoto diocese source made a similar allegation, highlighting the government is refusing to do anything about the ongoing Muslim violence. And the anti-Catholic persecution is not expected to end, especially with the Vatican misreporting the motives of the attackers. Until there is honesty about the jihad taking place, both priests and Catholic laypeople remain both afraid and alone in their fight against Islam.

Joseph Enders