#forensicballistics

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Ballistic Fingerprinting: The Forensic Path to Gun Identification.

The article examines ballistic fingerprinting as a pivotal forensic technique, detailing its methodologies for matching bullets with firearms. authored by Abdul Umar Maje ---- #forensicballistics #forensicscience #bullet #crime #criminology #crimescene

Continue reading Ballistic Fingerprinting: The Forensic Path to Gun Identification.

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Gunpowder or Black Powder

Gunpowder, or black powder used for centuries, is a chemical mixture used in firearms and explosives. The composition generally consists of three main components: potassium nitrate (saltpetre), charcoal, and sulfur. These components.. #forensicballistics

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Cartridge Cases

📌 Cartridge cases are usually made of brass, a composition of 70% copper and 30% zinc.

📌Less commonly, they are made of steel or aluminum.

📌 Zinc andplastic materials have been used experimentally.

📌 Brass, plastic, and paper are used for shot-shell tubes.

📌 The main function of the cartridge case is to expand and seal the chamber against rearward escape of gases when the cartridge is fired. When a brass cartridge is fired in a weapon, the gas pressure produced by the burning of the propellant expands the case tightly against the walls of the chamber. If the brass is tempered to the correct hardness, it will spring back to approximately its original dimensions and make the case easy to extract. If the brass is too soft, it will not spring back and will make extraction difficult. If the brass is too hard, brittle, it will crack.

👉 There are three general shapes for cartridge cases: 🕵️‍♂️ Straight, 🕵️‍♂️ Bottleneck, 🕵️‍♂️ and, Tapered.

Almost all pistol cartridges are straight, whereas almost all rifle cartridges are bottle-necked. The bottle-neck design permits more powder to be packed in a shorter, fatter cartridge than would be possible in a straight cartridge, where the lumen is approximately the diameter of the bullet. Cartridges with tapered cases are virtually obsolete.

Watch video for more information: https://youtu.be/Y6VUcFocLoI

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Cartridge Case as an Evidence:

Fired cartridge cases and shotshells are most often found at incidents involving firearms. The empty shells left behind after a gun is fired are sent to forensic laboratories for analysis from the crime scene. A screening tool that called an Integrated Ballistic Identification System (IBIS) is use for the acquisition, storage and comparison of digital images from projectiles and/or cartridge/shotshell cases. Experts acquire digital images of three markings, or “signatures,” impressed on the cartridge case by the gun that fired it. These markings- the firing pin impression, the breech face impression and the ejector mark are unique and can serve as “fingerprints” for particular gun, once the digital images are entered into a national database known as the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN). Forensic Laboratories in India, For comparing the striations on the fired bullets and firing pin impression on fired cartridge cases from crime scene with test firedbullets and test fire cartridge cases a comparison microscope is used. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in this division is used in various forensic ballistic applications like Gunshot residue analysis, firearm identification (Bullets and empty cartridge) cases markings comparisons.

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Black Powder (Gun Powder) In this Video, the Questions given below are Answered. Which are: ▪️ What is Black Powder? ▪️ The Composition of Black Powder (Gun Powder) ▪️ How Does Gunpowder Work After Ignition? ▪️ Is Black Powder and Gunpowder is Same? ▪️ What Was The Use Of Black Powder? ▪️ Is Black Powder Still Used? ▪️ What Is Gunpowder Used For Today? ▪️ Where Was Black Powder Invented? ▪️ What Powder Is Used In Modern Cartridge? For More Information about Black Powder Watch the Video Till End.... https://youtu.be/NL1XOChUSXI Like it✅, Share it↩ and Subscribe it✔..... ---------------------------------------------------- #forensic #forensics #forensicballistics #forensicscience #ballistics #forensicfield #gunpowder #blackpowder #explosive #smokelesspowder #firearm #cartridge #bullet #gun #crimesce #crimesceneinvestigation #crime #criminology #criminalistics #compostionofblackpowder #compostionofgunpowder #chemicalcompostion #historyofblackpowder #knowledge #fact #eductation #notes #easynotes https://www.instagram.com/p/B3XTeHNBalf/?igshid=11so69x4mwssi

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Handguns:

There are four basic types of handguns: 1. Single-shot pistols 2. Derringers 3. Revolvers 4. Auto-loading pistols (automatics)

1. Single-shot pistols- A single-shot pistol has one firing chamber integral with the barrel, which must be loaded manually each time the weapon is to be fired.

2. Derringers- They are a variant of single-shot pistols. Derringers are small pocket firearms having multiple barrels, each of which is loaded and fired separately. The traditional derringer has two barrels.

3. Revolvers- The revolver is the most common type of handgun in the United States. Revolvers have a revolving cylinder that contains several chambers, each of which holds one cartridge. The cylinder is rotated mechanically so as to align each chamber successively with the barrel and firing pin. The first revolver was produced by Samuel Colt in 1835–1836.

4. Auto-loading pistols (automatics)- Auto-loading or automatic pistols make up the fourth category of handguns. The term “automatic pistol” is a misnomer, as this form of pistol is an auto-loader in which the trigger must be pulled for every shot fired. Regardless of the correct terminology, however, these weapons are invariably called “automatics” or just “pistols.”

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Fluorescence Examination:: As early as 1933, fluorescence examination with UV light was suggested as a method of visualizing latent prints dusted with anthracene powder on multicolored surfaces (Inbau, 1934, p 4). Before the late 1970s, UV fluorescent powder was used occasionally and appears to have been the only credible fluorescent method of latent print detection. In 1976, researchers at the Xerox Research Centre of Canada discovered inherent latent print fluorescence via continuous wave argon ion laser illumination. Shortly thereafter, the first latent print in a criminal case was identified, using inherent luminescence via laser excitation (fingerprint on black electrical tape) (Menzel and Duff, 1979, p 96). Since the late 1970s, advancements in the technology of fluorescence detection have greatly aided the hunt for many types of forensic evidence. Today, evidence that would be barely perceptible or even invisible under normal lighting is routinely intensified by fluorescence. Bloodstains, semen, bruises, bone fragments, questioned documents, flammable residues, fibers, and fingerprints all merit examination with a forensic light source or laser.

To visualize latent prints via fluorescence, a specific bandwidth of radiation must be shone on either an untreated latent print or one treated with a fluorescent chemical. The wavelengths chosen will be determined by the chemical involved and the luminescent nature of the substrate. The evidence is then examined through viewing goggles or filter plates that block the incident light from the forensic light source. These goggles act as a barrier filter and are fundamental in separating the incident light generated by the light source and the weak fluorescing signal emitted by the latent print. This separation of incident and emitted light signals gives fluorescence examination its sensitivity.

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Factors that causes changes in Handwriting.

Handwriting is a complicated process. It takes time to develop the coordination of arm, hand and finger movements necessary to write script. It is difficult to change movements quickly in order to create different style letters. Handwriting is also influenced by the physical condition of the writer. Age, disease, medication, drugs, alcohol or stroke can all affect a person’s writing. Conditions that affect handwriting can be temporary (drugs or alcohol), static (paralysis), or progressive (a changing illness). there is a long list of neurological disorders that affect handwriting, some of them are Congenital apraxia, Strephosymbolia, Cerebral hemorrhage/ trauma, Encephalitis, Paralysis agitans, Toxemia/ alcohol, Huntington’s chorea and many more. —————————— #forensic #forensics #forensicscience #forensicfield #forensicballistic #forensicbooks #forensicdocumentexamination #forensicgraphology #graphology #handwriting #documentexamination #questioneddocument #suspecteddocument #forensicstudy #forensicintro #forensicmcq #forgery #forensiclab #calligraphy #criminalistic #criminology #forensiccasestudy https://www.instagram.com/p/B-RDj-uFKRM/?igshid=fiyjhlulqho2

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Forensic Science MCQs

In this Video, we will learn 100 most asked questions related to forensic science in NET/JRF, FACT, and other examination related to forensic science.

For More Information Watch The Video Till End….

https://youtu.be/5s8tJ9nie0I ((Link in Bio))

Like it✅, Share it↩ and Subscribe it✔…..

Take a look at Forensic Science🔍🔎(easy as it is😉) (@ForensicField)👉: https://twitter.com/ForensicField?s=09

Follow my Facebook page for every and each small details, facts and knowledge of Forensic Science 👉 https://www.facebook.com/forensicscienc/

MCQs on Forensic Science: https://youtu.be/LvaEuuyUtYw

MCQs on Questioned Document: https://youtu.be/x-LzcuLacQE

MCQs on Forensic Ballistics: https://youtu.be/EVlYwNvkmr8

MCQs on Forensic Toxicology: https://youtu.be/4DZ4EYL6V_k

How to investigate a Crime Scene? Answer👉 https://youtu.be/dg_ivtnPt8M

Where to look for Trace evidences? Answer 👉 https://youtu.be/8pYtQtowDpA

What are the Examples of Trace Evidence? Answer👉 https://youtu.be/trus4-3s45w

What are Physical Evidences? & what are different types of Physical Evidences? Answer 👉 https://youtu.be/xT6ZqZTEjFo

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Phenolphthalein Test::

🧤Also known as the Kastle Meyer Test. 🧤How it works: A Phenolphthalein solution is used to show the possible presence of blood based upon a peroxidase reaction of hemoglobin which produces a pink color. 🧤Precautions: This test is presumptive because it has produced false positives from other substances, such as saliva, pus, malt extract, vegetable extracts, and the salts of certain heavy metals. 👉A false positive reaction has also been observed with rust.

Know more about examination of Blood. Go to the link:: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5NqfJ1k4LDmUYG2AaErWRiSjQIq8OJvR (Link given in bio) —————————— #forensic #forensics #forensicscience #forensicfield #forensicballistic #forensicbooks #forensicdocumentexamination #forensicgraphology #graphology #handwriting #documentexamination #questioneddocument #suspecteddocument #forensicstudy #forensicintro #forensicmcq #forgery #forensiclab #criminalistic #criminology #forensiccasestudy #forensicballistic #ballistic #ballistics #wound #Phenolphthalein #Phenolphthaleintest #preliminarytestforblood #blood #bloodtest #forensicbiology https://www.instagram.com/p/B-XkiuyDz02/?igshid=1jkarkbupj7lf

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Difference between Wound of Entry and Wound of Exit caused by bullet of Rifled Firearm (#Revolver, #Pistol ,#Rifle, etc.) ----------------------------------- ------------------------------ #forensic #forensics #forensicscience #forensicfield #forensicballistic #forensicbooks #forensicdocumentexamination #forensicgraphology #graphology #handwriting #documentexamination #questioneddocument #suspecteddocument #forensicstudy #forensicintro #forensicmcq #forgery #forensiclab #calligraphy #criminalistic #criminology #forensiccasestudy #forensicballistic #ballistic #ballistics #wound https://www.instagram.com/p/B-UwJ4cFyxp/?igshid=1pq5m6ftm9zk4

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Question- What is Difference Between Forensic Medicine and Forensic Pathology? Answer- Forensic Medicine - “A branch of medicine which deals with the application of principles of medical knowledge for the purpose of law, both civil and criminal, to furthering of the justice”. It also deals with legal aspects of medical practice and doctor patient relationship and medical ethics. Traditionally, it includes pathological anatomy and Forensic Toxicology. Forensic Pathology- The special branch of pathology dealing with the medicolegal investigation of death. A simple comparison of the definitions of two entities have made it clear that Forensic Medicine is more comprehensive subject than Forensic Pathology. --------------------------- #forensics #forensicscience #forensicfield #forensicballistic #forensicbooks #forensic #forensicstudy #forensicbiology #forensicevidence #forensicintro #forensicinvestigation #forensicmedicine #heroin #drug #forensicpathology #criminology #crimescene #crimesceneinvestigation #criminalistic #crimescenemanagement #criminal https://www.instagram.com/p/B-xPqo8DRWa/?igshid=ckkhk644suk1

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Atomic force microscope–

Atomic force microscopy or scanning force microscopy is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy, with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.

Fingerprint- A fingerprint is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. The recovery of partial fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science. Moisture and grease on a finger result in fingerprints on surfaces such as glass or metal.

Cartridge case- Cartridge cases are most commonly made of brass, although steel is also widely used, and cases for shotgun pellets are made of brass and cardboard. ————————– #forensic #forensicscience #forensics #forensicfield #forensicballistic #microscope #microscopy #cartridge #cartridgecases #firearms #fingerprints #generalforensicscience #forensicknowledge #gk #fact #crime #legal #law #court #evidence #physicalevidence #traceevidence #forensicphotography #atomicforcemicroscope https://www.instagram.com/p/B0m8_KTla12/?igshid=1m06rns5a1v4c

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This video is about Trends and Challenges in Forensic Science Sector. in which different topics will be discussed, which are: - Backlogs - Greater Awareness Of The Value, Efficiency And Potential Of Forensics - Demands Of Clients Or Courts - More Valuable Information By Forensics - Shortening Delivery Times - Need Of Larger Space And Faculty - A Growing Need For Training And Education - Forensic Products and Tools - Potential and Challenges For More Information about Trends and Challenges in the Forensic Field Watch The Video Till End https://youtu.be/BzEfQ5fGKdw .... Like it✅, Share it↩ and Subscribe it✔..... ----------------------- #forensic #forensics #forensicfield #forensicscience #forensicballistic #forensicbooks #physicalevidence #biologicalevidence #fsl #forensicscientist #legal #crime #crimescene #criminology #knoweledge #trend #forensicsector #sherlockholmes https://www.instagram.com/p/B0vERGtB8ck/?igshid=1uo3froob7nyw

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Saturday’s Topic for group discussion in “Group of Forensic Experts” was :- Question:-In 1835, Henry Goddard was asked to investigate a burglary in Southampton, England. The butler said a shot had been fired as he struggled with the burglars. Goddard retrieved the bullet and disproved the butler’s version of events by using which technique?

a) Bullet comparison b) Studying the broken glass c) Studying the bullet’s trajectory d) Blood spatter analysis

Answer:- a) Bullet Comparison

Explaination- On February 14, 1929, gunmen working for Al Capone disguised themselves as police officers, entered the warehouse of a competing gang, and shot seven of their rivals dead. The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre is famous not only in the annals of gangland history, but also the history of forensic science. Capone denied involvement, but an early forensic scientist named Calvin Goddard linked bullets from the crime scene to Tommy guns found at the home of one of Capone’s men. Although the case never made it to trial—and Capone’s involvement was never proved in a court of law—media coverage introduced millions of readers to Goddard and his strange-looking microscope. That microscope had a split screen that allowed Goddard to compare bullets or cartridge cases, the metal cases a gun ejects after firing a bullet, side by side. If markings on the bullets or cases matched, that indicated that they were fired from the same gun.

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Question- What is Rapid DNA Tests? Answer- Rapid DNA testing is an automated process of quickly creating a DNA profile from a cheek swab sample without any human intervention. Whether the DNA belongs to a deceased victim or a suspect, rapid testing moves the process of solving crime along faster than ever before. In fact, according to the International Biometrics and Identity Association (IBIA) DNA profiles can be available in 75 to 90 minutes. This is especially important considering most suspects are only held for as little as two hours. Rapid DNA testing is proving useful in solving cold cases, as well. The FBI’s Rapid DNA initiative aims search high profile unsolved crimes while a qualifying suspect is processed at a detention center. Pilot testing of this system is set to start in 2019. It can also help verify kinship. According to the Department of Homeland Security, “Additional applications with Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) are being pursued to counter human trafficking, identify mass casualty victims and to reunite family members.” Before Rapid DNA, results from labs could take up to eight months to get back and required multiple expensive instruments and trained technicians. Rapid DNA makes this process faster and cheaper. Using only a desktop unit that is easily operated, law enforcement offers can still rely on the results. (Like and Follow for more information on forensic science) ---------------------------- #forensic #forensics #forensicscience #forensicfield #forensicballistic #forensicbooks #forensicserology #dna #dnarapidtest #forensicbiology #forensicmcq #forensicquestionandanswer #criminology #crimescene #crimesceneinvestigation #forensicinvestigation #forensicmedicine #forensicstudy #forensicinfo #forensicknowledge https://www.instagram.com/p/CA771B3jOH3/?igshid=5p0m3mq16f26