#finno-ugric

[songs-of-the-east]

Eryza Girl from Russia

[rinzdets]

3 Mari folk songs on the küsle by Šižät Väl

[asightsodivine]

Садова Марина - Ой, йолташем

Тылат лийже тиде мурем, тиде мурем, йолташем. Тылеч вара ом кол ынде йолташ манме мутетым.

[nettle-milk]

Anyone else out there reflecting on this?

[awidevastdominion]

/ Dmitry Ermakov

[aegyptomania]

Siberian languages in the 1600s

[gisgo]

Erkki Tanttu, 1935

[rinzdets]

"The Tale of the Mari Land" (1966)

[songs-of-the-east]

Game Of Thrones cover main theme with Udmurt folk instruments [Azvesyam] /Игра Престолов кавер

[linguisticsizfun]

Saami Substrate

This page explains a brief introduction to the substrate in Saami languages, already present in the proto-Saamic period: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Finno-Ugric_substrate#:~:text=Pre%2DFinno%2DUgric%20substrate%20refers,was%20demonstrated%20by%20Ante%20Aikio.

 I compiled a dictionary of the words of the substrate language. Is it accurate? I’m not sure, I tried a bit but in the end guessing was involved, even though I studied some of the sound changes from Pre-Saamic (Proto-Uralic) to Proto-Saami.

Some of the words were loaned individually into multiple Saami languages thus they can be traced back to multiple but similar sounding protoforms.

A a

**aðoja > *vuoδōjē game, prey

**ajɲɕ-ojik~æk ~ij- > *ińc-ujëk~-āk outermost island (in names)

**ara > *-ērē mountain (in names)

**arŋi~e- > *jërŋë~vuorŋë open water in lake, middle of lake

**aronensi > *vuorunëssë predatory animal

 Æ æ

**æjni > *ājnɤ thin, freshly fallen snow

**æktir > *āktër storm

**ætri > *jierttɤ large, round mountain

C c

**čüŋkä > *cëŋkē stub, support, Fi. *tünkä

 E e

**ek > *jeakk- isolated mountain (in names)

**e(ta)sma ~eŋt- > *jie(tē)smē~(ðē) ~jievt/ð- young swan

I i

**icxes~-ke > *ëčkës sheet ice

**ilɲi > *ëlńë gum (around teeth)

**ilpes > *ëlpës lynx, Fi. *ilbes

J j

**jeɕi > *jësë~jëccë snow in summer

**jitko~jip- ~etka ~itkos > *itkō~ip- ~eatkē ~ëtkōs shady place

K k

**kapli~ko > *kuoplë overhanging snowdrift

**kæwɕo > *kāvšō she-bear, she-wolf

**keðka > *keaðkē stone, rock

**ketka > *keatkē wolverine

**kolka > *koalkkee calm weather

L l

**lewMo~ læŋkis~ lemkas > *lie(v)Mō~ lieŋkës -mkēs mild weather/ warm

**lijɕka~lajɕka > *liškē skin, surface, ? Fi. *liha

M m

**makLi~me- > *muovLë~mëvLë deep snow

**merista > *mërëstē birch forest surrounded by bogs

**mori~mari > *muorë tree, wood

N n

**ɲæli > *ńālë arctic fox

**norwa~narjo > *noarvē~*nuorjō seal

O o

**okta > *oaktē rain shower

P p

**pækta > *pāktē rock, steep mountain

**pecka~-xa > *peackē mountain pass, strait which dries in summer

**peŋke~pæ- > *pieŋkë wind

**perɕi~pærɕa > *përśë~ *pārśē isolated mountain, steep mountain edge

**poče- > *puocë-tēk be sick (with disease), Fi. *pote-dak

**puktas > *pokcēs~-tēs side channel of river

R r

**ræpto > *raaptoo flat stone, stone slab

**ræsjo~-wɕi > *rāśśō~ rāvcë rain in cold weather

**rosni~ruxsni > *rusnɤ fog, mist

S s

**sawki~so > *suovkkɤ dense thicket

**sæl~ saloj > *sāl- major island in sea (in names); ? **suolōj, Fi. *salo island

**sæpa-ɲi~-ka ~sæpilijŋki > *sāppānjë~ sāppēkkē~ sāppëliŋkë mouse

**sæpli-~e- > *sieplë- sink in soft snow

**šewšim > *sëvsëm hair, feather, Fi. *heühen

**skeɕ > *skiec(c) watershed (in names)

**skompæ > *(s)kumppā wolf

**slæpo > *(s)lāppō sinew thread

**suxɕa~sij/aj > *sucē~si- rime (ice when water in fog freeze to object surfaces)

Ś ś

**ɕaŋwi~ɕo- > *čuoŋvë light

**ɕapɕi > *čuopcë ice bridge

**ɕari-k~ŋ- > *cārëk/n/m uppermost lake (in names)

**ɕäča > *čācē water

**ɕæŋil > *čieŋël deep

**ɕewras > *čeavrēs otter

**ɕexi~-ixa > *cëkē~-ë ~sëkē frozen snow (stuck to animalˈs foot), (stuck to skis)

**ɕopɕa > *coapcē foothold

**ɕutis~ɕestis > *cottës~cu- ~ cëstës snowdrift (hard, in summer)

T t

**tajnta~tijnta > *tintē young salmon

**talo~tolmis ~talik > *tuol-ō~-mës ~tālëk frost on ground

U u

**urti~-a > *ortë~ urtē treeline

W w

**wasjo > *vēɕō thicket

**wepsa > *veapsē fin

**weɕɲi > *vëśńë brushwood, thicket

[languageroom]

About Estonian

"Did You Eat the WHOLE Cake?" On Learning Estonian by Judith Knott (Deep Baltic) | “Estonian is popularly known as a difficult language to learn. Much of its vocabulary is unfamiliar, as the only other national languages it’s related to are Finnish and, more distantly, Hungarian. It’s even been described as the most difficult Latin-alphabet language for a native English speaker, and some of its features have assumed an almost mythical status. From my experience so far, I would agree that it’s challenging, but one of the coping strategies is to focus on one’s own reality as a learner (which will be different for each individual) and not be daunted by the myths.”

The Estonian Language by Urmas Sutrop (The Estonian Institute) | A booklet covering the history of the Estonian language, an overview of grammar and syntax, and information on dialects and related languages. (FR/GER/SWE)

Online language programs

Keeleklikk / Keeletee | These online, multimedia programs from the Estonian government cover levels 0-A2 and B1-B2, respectively. Both include feedback and correspondence with professional Estonian language teachers (all free!).

Speakly | This program is most similar to Duolingo, and has extra features like listening exercises to explore. If you look around the internet, you can often find a free code. And in 2021, there is a new simplified free version on mobile.

Some quality older resources have gone offline: Lingvist’s short course in Estonian, and Kultuuriklikk, a companion to the Keeleklikk series that introduces Estonian culture at a B level. I hope they will be back some day!

Language textbooks

E nagu Eesti / T nagu Tallinn / K nagu Kihnu | This widely used series is the current standard for classroom instruction. Independent students may find it a challenge, because while there are EN/RUS/FI glossaries, all of the teaching is in Estonian.

Estonian Textbook | Though the author is now also recognized as a Soviet spy, this book contains some of the best explanations of Estonian grammar available in English.

There are other widely available Estonian books, such as from the Teach Yourself or Colloquial series. I don’t think they are as focused or well-organized as the texts above, but it’s not to say you can’t get some value from them.

Media

Television | Eesti Televisioon is the national public broadcaster in Estonia. Its native language programming is mostly free to stream worldwide. See what is airing this minute in Estonia or browse the archive.

As far as I know, there isn’t a “slow news” service, but some programs have closed caption options. People tend to speak more clearly on the chat shows, although the subject matter can be more abstract than on scripted TV.

Music | There’s more to Estonian music, but the Laulupidu is a good place to start. The Üheslaulmine from 2018 is a more casual sing-along.

Podcasts | Many options among those listed at podcastid.ee and the public radio podcasts at Vikerraadio. One to check out is “Järgmine peatus,” where guests share their travel experiences (Estonians love to travel!).

Newspapers and magazines | Some old school newspapers are Postimees and Eesti Päevaleht. On the magazine side, Anne & Stiil is something like Estonian Cosmo. Sirp and Müürileht are higher brow cultural magazines; Edasi follows current affairs.

Online dictionaries and tools

Eesti - Inglise - Eesti sõnaraamat | Estonian - English dictionary.

Sõnaveeb | An Estonian-only dictionary, but one with a great interface and extras like verb conjugations, and a simpler version for language learners.

Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat | A dictionary that provides correct examples of word usage.

Sihitisesõnastik | A dictionary to find the correct object case of a verb.

Eesti Keele Instituut | Home of many more specialized dictionaries and resources.

Filosoft | Tools to find word stems and conjugations and declinations.

[scotiaeire]

FINNO-UGRIC LANGUAGE

“Finno-Ugric languageMaps of Neolithic and Bronze Age migrations in Europe and the Near EastFinno-Ugric, Finno-Ugrian or Fenno-Ugric is a traditional group of languages in the Uralic language family that comprises the Finno-Permic and Ugric language families. The three most spoken members are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian.Linguistic roots common to both branches of the traditional Finno-Ugric language tree (Finno-Permic and Ugric) are extremely distant. About two hundred words with common roots in all main Finno-Ugric languages have been identified by philologists including fifty-five about fishing, fifteen about reindeer, and three about commerce.“

ENTIRE ARTICLE HERE: https://aratta.wordpress.com/finno-ugric/

MY DEEP DELIVE INTO MY DNA RESEARCH HELD A WEE BIT OF FINNO-UGRIC, WHICH MEANS ONE OR SOME OF MY ANCESTORS CAME FROM THE AREAS MENTIONED HERE. BUT THAT IS LIKELY TO BE SO FAR BACK IN MY LINEAGE AND GIVEN THE TIME FRAME YOU’RE TALKING HUNTER-GATHERERS SO ANY RESEARCH INTO *THAT* IS LIMITED TO THE OVERALL KNOWLEDGE OF BOTH THE TIME PERIOD, WHAT’S ALREADY KNOWN ARCHAEO-WISE OF THESE PEOPLES, AND DISCOVERING THE LINGUISTICS WHICH IS A NEW THING FOR ME, AT LEAST, SINCE THE ORIGIN OF ANCIENT LANGUAGES WAS NEVER ANYTHING I STUDIED IN ANY GREAT DEPTH.

THE COMMON ROOT WORDS AT LEAST SHOW THE EXISTENCE, ALONG WITH ARCHAEO FINDS, OF TRADE ROOTS AND TIES WITH DIFFERING TRIBES.

THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE TRIBES (PREDOMINANTLY RED HAIRED/BLUE EYED BUT OF DIFFERING BUILDS ) IS INTERESTING TOO. IN PAST SOCIETIES, AT VARYING TIMES IN HUMAN HISTORY, RED HAIR HAS BEEN CONSIDERED EITHER SACRED OR VILIFIED.

EVEN IN OUR OWN MODERN TIME, THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS REDHEADS HAS CHANGED A FAIR BIT SINCE I WAS A CHILD. MY RED HEADED FRIENDS AT SCHOOL BACK IN SCOTLAND WERE ALWAYS MOCKED FOR IT. “GINGE” “CARROT-TOP” AND THE LIKE. NOW, HOWEVER, REDHEADS ARE SEEN FOR THE BEAUTIES THEY ARE. WHETHER THAT’S A FLEETING “FASHION” CHANGE OR AN ACTUAL ATTITUDE CHANGE IN PEOPLE I CAN’T CLAIM TO KNOW. I HOPE IT’S PERMANENT...ONE OF MY DAUGHTERS IS A REDHEAD, A GORGEOUS STRAWBERRY BLONDE. MY MOTHER HAD RED HAIR. I JUST GOT BLONDE. :/

LINGUISTICS IS A FASCINATING TOPIC AND ONE THAT HELPS FOLKS WHO ARE RESEARCHING THEIR GENETIC BACKGROUND.

EVEN TODAY..AN EXAMPLE IS, MY HUSBAND IS FLEMISH. IN BELGIUM, THREE LANGUAGES ARE SPOKEN...FRENCH, DUTCH AND GERMAN. BUT THEN THERE’S THE DUTCH THAT IS “FLEMISH”. WITH IT’S OWN WORDS, DIALECTS AND CADENCES. HUBS IS FROM LIMBURG, WHICH HAS IT’S OWN DISTINCT DIALECT. FLEMISH IS A FRANCONIAN LANGUAGE. DUTCH IS MORE GERMANIC/ANGLIC (WHICH IS A WORD I BELIEVE I JUST INVENTED THERE, SORRY)

IN SCOTLAND OF COURSE THERE IS SCOTS ENGLISH SPOKEN. BUT YOU ALSO HAVE DORIC AND THE LOWLAND DIALECT, THE SCOTS GAELIC WHICH LIKE THE IRISH IS FROM THE GOIDELIC FAMILY, BUT HAS IT’S DISTINCT DIFFERENCES. THERE IS ALSO THE INFLUENCE OF GERMANIC AND CELTIC AND OF COURSE, THERE’S NORN..THE INFLUENCE OF SCANDINAVIAN SETTLERS ON THE GENERALLY  NORTH EAST LANGUAGE OF SCOTLAND, SPOKEN MAINLY IN SHETLAND, ORKNEY AND ALONG THE NORTH EAST COAST (WHICH IS WHERE I’M FROM) OF SUTHERLAND AND CAITHNESS.

HERE’S AN IRONY...I’M SCOTTISH BUT I STRUGGLE TO UNDERSTAND PEOPLE FROM GLASGOW (NO JOKES PLEASE!)

HERE IN IRELAND, I UNDERSTAND THE PEOPLE AROUND ME MORE EASILY THAN I DO, SAY, THE FOLKS IN DUBLIN. NOT SURE WHY BUT THERE *IS* A DIFFERENCE. I CAN SEE ALREADY THAT IRELAND, LIKE SCOTLAND, HAS IT’S OWN DIALECTS PARTICULAR TO REGION. I LIKE THAT DIVERSITY OF SPEECH. THOUGH THERE ARE MANY IRISH FOLKS WHO SPEAK WITH SUCH SPEED I STRUGGLE TO KEEP UP! BUT IT’S THE SAME IN SCOTLAND IN CERTAIN AREAS TOO.

YOU MIGHT THINK THE HISTORY OF LANGUAGE DOESN’T REALLY MATTER TODAY. BUT IF YOU LOOK INTO IT, YOU FIND OUT NOT ONLY HOW WORDS CAME ABOUT IN ORDER TO PROPITIATE A NEWLY MET TRIBE OR CLAN, TO GIVE A COMMON GROUND TO OPEN UP FRIENDLY DIALOGUE, BUT TO FORM TRADE ALLIANCES, TO NAME PLACES, YOU CAN FOLLOW IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE DIASPORA OF A PEOPLE AND TRACE BACK TO THEIR ORIGIN OF PLACE, YOU CAN “SEE” THE INTERRACTIONS OF DIFFERING FOLKS OF THE PAST BY THEIR MERGING OF LANGUAGES, WORDS, ATTITUDES ETC. YOU CAN ALSO SEE HOW WIDELY THE VERY MEANING OF COMMON WORDS WE USE TODAY HAS CHANGED OVER TIME, IN MANY CASES TO BECOME THE EXACT OPPOSITE OF WHAT THE ORIGINAL WORD MEANT.

TRYING TO THINK OF AN EXAMPLE AND MIND’S GONE BLANK. THAT’S AULD AGE. SORRY. :/ HALFWAY THROUGH THE DAY A BLOODY WORD’LL POP UP, PROBABLY WHEN I’M MAKING DINNER!

AND MOST OF ALL, YOU CAN DISCOVER SOMETHING OF YOUR OWN HERITAGE BY YOUR VERY SURNAME. MOST FOLKS KNOW THE SCOTS AND IRISH “MAC” AND “MC”, MEANING “SON OF”. THE FORMERLY USED “NI” MEANING “DAUGHTER OF” IS ONLY RARELY USED IN SCOTLAND NOW, I DON’T KNOW ABOUT IRELAND THOUGH I’D LIKE TO FIND OUT. BUT THROUGH THAT SURNAME YOU CAN FIND OUT EITHER WHICH CLAN OR TRIBE YOUR PEOPLE BELONGED TO, OR OUTWITH SCOTLAND OR IRELAND, NORMALLY THE TRADES OF YOUR ANCESTORS (EXAMPLE: “FLETCHER”, “SMITH”, ETC)

LANGUAGE *IS* IMPORTANT. WITHOUT LANGUAGE, THINK WHERE WE’D STILL BE.

OH WAIT..YOU DINNAE HAVE TO. JUST WATCH A 2020 MOVIE. COUNT THE NUMBER OF “F*CKS* IN IT AND LACK OF SCRIPT AND YOU’LL SOON FIND OUT.....

[rvexillology]

Finno-ugric flag on r/finnougric

from /r/vexillology Top comment: My eyes hurt

[engslearnsmore]

the fundamentals of Udmurt

https://www.infuse.finnougristik.uni-muenchen.de/e-learning/udmurt/o5_udmurt.pdf 

This book, together with its supplementary online materials (see www.infuse.finnougristik.unimuenchen.de), aims to help you study the fundamentals of the Udmurt standard language – see 0.1 (page 9). Its target group are beginners with no previous knowledge of Udmurt, other Uralic languages, or Russian, though prior knowledge of basic linguistic terminology is of advantage when using this resource. We have aimed to adapt this book to the needs of autodidactic learners, though it can of course also be used in university courses. In our estimation, it can serve as the backbone of a year-long weekly course.

[autumn-sacura]

Lopsho Pedun - popular character from Udmurt folklore. He is a trickster, who loves fun and helps poor people.

Twitter | Patreon | Commissions | Redbubble | Ko-fi

[mapsontheweb]

Distribution of the Finno-Ugric peoples.

by retarded_communist:

Note: Sparsely populated areas are not shown on this map. I haven't seen any good maps showing the distribution of the Finno-Ugric peoples, so I decided to try to make one by myself. Of course this is not 100% accurate, there might be some misconceptions. This is my first time posting an original map over here, feel free to criticize. Here are some numbers: -9,982,000 in Hungary; -5,000,000 in Finland; -2,322,000 in Russia; -2,288,200 in the USA(diaspora); -1,227,623 in Romania; -936,000 in Estonia; -520,500 in Slovakia; -507,600 in Sweden; ~450,000 in Canada(diaspora); -253,899 in Serbia; -156,600 in Ukraine; -100,000 in Norway.