#f. w. Joseph schelling

[bocadosdefilosofia]

«En  resumen, aquel que vive en su ciencia solamente como en una propiedad extraña, aquel que no la posee verdaderamente, que no ha recabado un órgano seguro para ella, que no puede en cada momento crear algo nuevo partiendo de ella, es un indigno, que ya en el intento de transmitir los pensamientos del mundo antiguo y presente de forma simplemente histórica, sobrepasa sus fronteras y se hace cargo de algo que no puede llevar a cabo.»

F. W. Joseph von Schelling: Lecciones sobre el método de los estudios académicos. Editora Nacional, pág. 83. Madrid, 1984.

TGO

@bocadosdefilosofia

@dias-de-la-ira-1

[filologija]

Nova pogodba o izmenjavi z Univerzo Friedricha Schillerja v Jeni

Oddelek za klasično filologijo je v povezavi z Oddelkom za slovanske študije ter Oddelkom za primerjalno in splošno jezikoslovje sklenil novo pogodbo o izmenjavi z univerzo v Jeni. Univerza Friedricha Schillerja Jena (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, skrajšano Uni Jena) je javna raziskovalna univerza v nemški deželi Turingiji. Ta se po velikosti in prebivalstvu lahko primerja s Slovenijo. Tamkajšnja univerza je bila ustanovljena leta 1558. Sodi med deset najstarejših nemških univerz ter ima deset nobelovcev, zadnjega od leta 2000, ko je Herbert Kroemer dobil Nobelovo nagrado za fiziko.

V dvajsetem stoletju je dobila ime po pesniku Friedrichu Schillerju, ki je konec 18. stoletja tam poučeval filozofijo. Takrat je univerza pritegnila nekaj največjih imen svojega časa. Med drugimi so v Jeni poučevali Johann Gottlieb Fichte, G. W. F. Hegel, F. W. J. Schelling in Friedrich von Schlegel. Univerza je zaradi njih postala središče nemške idealistične filozofije in zgodnje romantike. Danes ima okrog dvajset tisoč študentov in nekaj manj kot 400 profesorjev.

Znani alumni

Med tamkajšnje alumne sodi denimo astronomka Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs. Zelo znani so filozofi Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Gottlob Frege, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Arthur Schopenhauer in Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling. Od tam so mnogi pisatelji in pesniki, denimo Gerhart Hauptmann, Jan Kollár, Friedrich Schiller, Kurt Tucholsky in Christa Wolf. Tam je študiral in deloval tudi sloviti optik Carl Zeiss.

Od Slovencev, ki so študirali v Jeni, je nemara najbolj znan Sebastjan Krelj (1538-1567), pesnik, prevajalec Svetega pisma in protestantski pisec ter prijatelj Primoža Trubarja. V Jeni si je poleg teološke pridobil tudi temeljito filološko izobrazbo, poleg nemščine in latinščine je obvladal tudi grščino in hebrejščino.

Filološka tradicija

Na njihovi univerzi je skrbnica pogodbe Milica Sabo z Instituta za slavistiko. Na tamkajšnji Filozofski fakulteti sicer področje antike pokrivajo katedre za staro zgodovino, klasično arheologijo, grecistiko, latinistiko ter latinsko filologijo srednjega in novega veka. Med sodelavci tamkajšnjega Inštituta za stari vek so Timo Stickler, Udo Hartmann, Annegret Plontke-Lüning, Jessica Kaufmann, Frank Schleicher, Hendrik Wagner, Hansjoachim Andres, Eva Winter, Charalampos Tsochos, Dennis Graen, Christoph Klose, Sebastian Ipach, Rainer Thiel, Daniel Muhsal, Patricia Picker, Meinolf Vielberg, Friederike Heubner, Oliver Ehlen, Roderich Kirchner, Matthias Perkams, Christian Eobaldt, Judith Hagen, Susanne Daub, Annalisa Ricchizzi, Leon Grünberg in Lennart Smerda.

Skupina Coimbra

Univerza v Jeni je članica skupine univerz »Coimbra«, združenja multidisciplinarnih univerz, ki so se povezale v osemdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja. Združenje si prizadeva za internacionalizacijo, za akademsko sodelovanje, za pedagoško in raziskovalno odličnost ter za povezanost univerze z družbo. Med posebne cilje te skupine sodi tudi podpora evropski izobraževalni in raziskovalni politiki ter spodbujanje dobrih praks z izmenjavo izkušenj.

Read the full article

[portofentryquotes]

S.S. Andros, The United States Customs Guide, 1859

Page 13: State of Maine. District of Pasmaquoddy. Port of Entry, Eastport. Collector, Robert Burns. District of Machias. Port of Entry, Machias. Collector, A.F. Parlin. District of Frenchman’s Bay. Port of Entry, Ellsworth. Collector, Thomas D. Jones. District of Penobscot. Port of Entry, Castine. Collector, John R. Redman. District of Waldoboro’. Port of Entry, Waldoboro’. Collector, John H. Kennedy. District of Wiscasset, Port of Entry, Wiscasset. Collector, Thos. Cunningham. District of Bath. Port of Entry, Bath. Collector, Joseph Berry. District of Portland & Falmouth. Port of Entry, Portland. Collector, Moses Macdonald. District of Saco. Port of Entry, Saco. Collector. A.A. Hanscom. District of Kennebunk. Port of Entry, Kennebunk. Collector, John Cousens. District of York. Port of Entry, York. Collector, Luther Jenkins. District of Belfast. Port of Entry, Belfast. Collector, J.G. Dickerson. District of Bangor. Port of Entry, Bangor. Collector, Dudley F. Leavitt.

Page 14: State of New Hampshire. District of Portsmouth. Port of Entry. Portsmouth. Collector, Augustus Jenkins.

State of Vermont. District of Vermont. Port of Entry, Burlington. Collector, Isaac B. Bowdish.

State of Massachusetts. District of Newburyport. Port of Entry, Newburyport. Collector, James Blood. District of Gloucester. Port of Entry, Gloucester. Collector, Gorham Babson. District of Salem & Beverly. Port of Entry, Salem. Collector, William B. Pike. District of Marblehead. Port of Entry, Marblehead. Collector, William Bartoll. District of Boston & Charlestown. Port of Entry, Boston. Collector, Arthur W. Austin. District of Plymouth. Port of Entry, Plymouth. Collector, Wait Wadsworth. District of Fall River. Port of Entry, Fall River. Collector, Phineas W. Leland. District of Barnstable. Port of Entry, Barnstable. Collector. S. B. Phinney. District of New Bedford. Port of Entry, New Bedford. Collector, C.B.H. Fessenden. District of Edgartown. Port of Entry, Edgartown. Collector, Constant Norton. District of Nantucket. Port of Entry, Nantucket. Collector, Eben W. Allen.

State of Rhode Island. District of Providence. Port of Entry, Providence. Collector, James A. Aborn.

Page 15: District of Bristol & Warren. Port of Entry, Bristol. Collector, George H. Reynolds. District of Newport. Port of Entry, Newport. Collector, Gilbert Chase.

State of Connecticut. District of Middletown. Port of Entry, Middletown. Collector, Patrick Fagan. District of New London. Port of Entry, New London. Collector, John P.C. Mather. District of New Haven. Port of Entry, New Haven. Collector, Minot A. Osborn. District of Fairfield. Port of Entry, Bridgeport. Collector, W.S. Pomroy. District of Stonington. Port of Entry, Stonington. Collector, B.F. States.

State of New York. District of Sackett’s Harbor. Port of Entry, Sackett’s Harbor. Collector, Wm. Holland. District of Genesee. Port of Entry, Rochester. Collector, Pliny M. Bromley. District of Oswego. Port of Entry, Oswego. Collector, Orville Robinson. District of Niagara. Port of Entry, Lewiston. Collector, George P. Eddy. District of Buffalo Creek. Port of Entry, Buffalo. Collector, Warren Bryant. District of Oswegatchie. Port of Entry, Ogdensburgh. Collector, Horace Moody. District of Sag Harbor. Port of Entry, Sag Harbor. Collector, Jason M. Terbell. District of the City of New York. Port of Entry, New York. Collector, Augustus Schell. District of Champlain. Port of Entry, Plattsburgh. Collector, Henry B. Smith. District of Cape Vincent. Port of Entry, Cape Vincent. Collector, T. Peugeot.

Page 16: District of Dunkirk. Port of Entry, Dunkirk. Collector. Oscar F. Dickinson.

State of New Jersey. District of Perth Amboy. Port of Entry, Perth Amboy. Collector, Amos Robins. District of Bridgetown Port of Entry, Bridgetown. Collector, William S. Bowen. District of Burlington. Port of Entry, Lamberton. Collector, Henry J. Ashmore. District of Great Egg Harbor. Port of Entry, Bargaintown. Collector, Thomas D. Winner. District of Little Egg Harbor. Port of Entry, Tuckerton. Collector, Isaac S. Jennings. District of Newark. Port of Entry, Newark. Collector, Edward T. Hillyer.

State of Pennsylvania. District of Philadelphia. Port of Entry, Philadelphia. Collector, Joseph B. Baker. District of Presque Isle. Port of Entry, Erie. Collector, John Brawley.

State of Delaware. District of Delaware. Port of Entry, Wilmington. Collector, Jesse Sharpe.

State of Maryland. District of Baltimore. Port of Entry, Baltimore. Collector, John T. Mason. District of Annapolis. Port of Entry, Annapolis. Collector, J.T. Hammond. District of Oxford. Port of Entry, Oxford. Collector, Tench Tilghman. District of Vienna. Port of Entry, Vienna. Collector, William S. Jackson.

District of Columbia. District of Georgetown. Port of Entry, Georgetown. Collector, Henry C. Matthews.

State of Virginia. District of Richmond. Port of Entry, Richmond. Collector. W.M. Harrison. District of Norfolk & Portsmouth. Port of Entry, Norfolk. Collector, Jesse J. Simkins. District of Tappahannock. Port of Entry, Tappahannock. Collector, Geo. T. Wright. District of Cherrystone. Port of Entry, Eastville. Collector, John S. Parker. District of Yorktown. Port of Entry, Yorktown. Collector, Wm. H. Curtis, Jr. District of Petersburg. Port of Entry, Petersburg. Collector, Timothy Rives. District of Alexandria. Port of Entry, Alexandria. Collector, Edward S. Hough.

State of North Carolina. District of Camden. Port of Entry, Elizabeth City. Collector, LD. Starke. District of Edenton. Port of Entry, Edenton. Collector, E. Wright. District of Plymouth. Port of Entry, Plymouth. Collector, Joseph Ramsey. District of Washington. Port of Entry, Washington. Collector, H.F. Hancock. District of Newborn. Port of Entry, Newbern. Collector, Wm. G. Singleton. District of Ocracocke. Port of Entry, Ocracocke. Collector, Oliver S. Dewey. District of Beaufort. Port of Entry, Beaufort. Collector, James E. Gibble. District of Wilmington. Port of Entry, Wilmington. Collector, James T. Miller.

State of South Carolina. District of Charleston. Port of Entry, Charleston. Collector, William F. Colcock. District of Georgetown. Port of Entry, Georgetown. Collector, John N. Merman. District of Beaufort. Port of Entry, Beaufort. Collector, Benj. R. Bythewood.

State of Georgia. District of Savannah. Port of Entry, Savannah. Collector, John Boston. District of St. Mary’s. Port of Entry, St. Mary’s. Collector, J.A. Baratte. District of Brunswick. Port of Entry, Darien. Collector, Woodford Mabry.

Page 19: State of Alabama. District of Mobile. Port of Entry, Mobile. Collector, Thaddeus Sanford.

State of Mississippi. District of Pearl River. Port of Entry, Shieldsboro’, Collector, Robert Eager. District of Natchez. Port of Entry, Natchez. Collector, John Hunter. District of Vicksburg. Port of Entry, Vicksburg. Collector, Wm. D. Roy.

State of Florida. District of Pensacola. Port of Entry, Pensacola. Collector, Joseph Sierra. District of St. Augustine. Port of Entry, St. Augustine. Collector, Paul Arnau. District of Key West. Port of Entry, Key West. Collector, J.P. Baldwin. District of St. Mark’s. Port of Entry, St. Mark’s. Collector, Alonzo B. Noyes. District of St. John’s. Port of Entry, Jacksonville. Collector, Thomas Ledwith.

Footnote 1: By an act passed June 30, 1834, all the ports, harbors, shores, and waters of the Mississippi River, within the State of Mississippi, were constituted a collection district by the name of the Natchez District, and a port of entry established at Natchez. Vessels bound to the port of Natchez from any foreign port, are required, under a penalty of $500 for neglect, to stop and report their arrival at the port of New Orleans, and receive on board a custom-house officer, who shall take possession of all the papers relating to the cargo on board, and deliver the same to the Collector of the port of Natchez, immediately after arrival at that port.

Footnote 2: By an act passed July 7, 1838, another district was established within the State of Mississippi, under the name of the Vicksburg District, Vicksburg being the port of entry. Vessels bound to this port are subject to all the regulations prescribed in respect to the port of Natchez by the act of 1834.

Page 20: District of Apalachicola. Port of Entry, Apalachicola. Collector, Robert J. Floyd. District of Fernandina. Port of Entry, Fernandina. Collector, Feliz Livingston.

State of Louisiana. District of Mississippi. Port of Entry, New Orleans. Collector, F.H. Hatch. District of Teche. Port of Entry, Franklin. Collector, R.N. McMillan.

State of Texas. District of Texas. Port of Entry, Galveston. Collector, Hamilton Stewart. District of Saluria. Port of Entry, La Salle. Collector, Darwin M. Staph. District of Brazos de Santiago. Port of Entry, Point Isabel. Collector, K.L. Harlalson. District of Paso del Norte, Texas and New Mexico. Port of Entry, Las Cruces, N.M. Collector, Samuel J. Jones.

State of Ohio. District of Miami. Port of Entry, Toledo. Collector, Dennis Coghlin. District of Sandusky. Port of Entry, Sandusky. Collector, Geo. S. Patterson. District of Cuyahoga. Port of Entry, Cleveland. Collector, Robert Parks.

State of Michigan. District of Detroit. Port of Entry, Detroit. Collector, Michael Shoemaker. District of Michillimackinac. Port of Entry, Michillimackinac. Collector, Jacob A.T. Wendell.

Page 21: State of Illinois. District of Chicago, Port of Entry, Chicago. Collector, B.F. Strother.

State of Wisconsin. District of Milwaukie. Port of Entry, Milwaukie. Collector, Moritz Schoeffler.

Page 22: State of California. District of Sacramento. Port of Entry, Sacramento City. Collector, Thos. W. Sutherland. District of Monterey. Port of Entry, Monterey. Collector, James A. Watson. District of Sonora. Port of Entry, Benicia. Collector, Timothy B. Storer. District of San Joaquin. Port of Entry, Stockton. Collector, Andrew Lester. District of San Diego. Port of Entry, San Diego. Collector, Jose M. Covarrubias. District of San Pedro. Port of Entry, San Pedro. Collector, John G. Downey. District of San Francisco, Port of Entry, San Francisco. Collector, B.F. Washington.

State of Minnesota. District of Minnesota. Port of Entry, Pembina. Collector, James McFetridge.

Oregon Territory. District of Oregon. Port of Entry, Astoria. Collector, John Adair. District of Port Oxford. Port of Entry, Port Orford. Collector, Robert W. Dunbar. District of Cape Perpetua. Port of Entry, Gardiner. Collector, Barclay J. Burns.

Washington Territory. District of Puget’s Sound. Port of Entry, Port Townsend. Collector, Morris H. Frost.

Page 84: Entry of Vessels from Foreign Ports.

Sec. 128. It shall not be lawful to make entry of any ship or vessel, which may arrive from any foreign port, within the United States, or of the cargo on board, elsewhere then at one of the ports of entry established by law, nor to unlade the said cargo, or any part thereof, elsewhere than at one of the designated ports of delivery; but every port of entry shall also be a port of delivery. Act March 2, 1799, Sec. 18.

Sec. 129. The master or commander of every vessel bound to a port of delivery, only, in any of the following districts, to wit, — Portland and Falmouth, except the ports of North Yarmouth, Freeport, and Harpswell; Bath, except the ports of Georgetown and Brunswick; Newburyport, New London; Middletown, except the ports of Lyme, Saybrook, Killingsworth, Haddam, and East Haddam; Norfolk and Portsmouth; Bermuda Hundred, (now Petersburg,) or City Point, Yorktown, Tappahannock, except the port of Urbanna; or Edenton, — shall first come to, at the port of entry of such district, with his ship or vessel, and there make report and entry in writing, and pay, or secure to be paid, all legal duties, port fees, and charges, in manner provided by this act, before such ship or vessel shall proceed to her port of delivery; and any ship or vessel bound to a port of delivery in any district other than those above mentioned, or to either of the ports of delivery above mentioned, may first proceed to her port of delivery, and afterward make report and entry within the time by this act limited.

Page 116: Footnote 2: The remaining provisions of this act are so far superseded by the provisions of the warehouse laws that it is deemed unnecessary to reproduce them here. Under the regulations of the department for carrying into effect these laws, foreign merchandise may be entered for warehousing at any port of entry, and transported under bond to any one of the designated interior ports.

Page 123: Sec. 203. Examination and appraisement to be made at port of importation. — The revenue laws require that, in all cases of importation of merchandise, the examination and appraisement of the same shall take place at the first port of entry; at which port, also, the actual quantity must be ascertained by weighing, gauging, or measuring, as the case may be, and the amount of duties ascertained and paid, or secured to be paid. Gen. Reg. Art. 330.

Page 136: Sec. 229. Duties on goods destroyed by fire or other casualty, while in warehouse or in course or transportation under bond, may be abated. — The Secretary of Treasury shall be, and he is herby, authorized, upon production of satisfactory proof to him of the actual injury or destruction, in whole or in part, of any goods, wares, or merchandise, by accidental fire or other casualty, while the same remained in the custody of the officers of the customs in any public or private warehouse under bond, or in the appraiser’s stores undergoing appraisal, in pursuance of law or regulations of the treasury department, or while in transportation under bond from the port of entry to any other port in the United States, to abate or refund, as the case may be, out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, the amount of impost duties paid or accusing thereupon; and likewise to cancel any warehouse bond or bonds, or enter satisfaction thereon in whole or in part, as the case may be.

Page 149: Sec. 267. Transportation to interior ports. — To facilitate the transmission of merchandise in bond form a port of entry to any interior port of delivery, the importer of any goods, wares, or merchandise, residing at such interior port of delivery, may produce his invoice to the surveyor of the interior port, take the oath or oaths required by law, and execute the transportation bond before the surveyor of said port, who shall certify the sufficiency of the same, and transmit the bond to the collector of the port of importation; and the bond so taken shall be as valid and binding as though executed in the office of the collector where the entry shall be made. The invoice, with the oath attached, may be transmitted by the importer to his agent or attorney at the port where the goods are expected to arrive, who, upon their arrival, shall present the transportation entry, with bill or bills of lading therefor; whereupon the same proceedings shall be had as in other entries for transportation under bond from one port to another in the United States. Gen. Reg. Art. 471.

Page 283: Footnote: In all cases where imports subject to duty are seized for a violation of the revenue and collection laws, as the right to duties accrues to the United States on the arrival of the merchandise within the limits of a port of entry with intent to unlade the same, the legal duties must be collected and retained in the treasury, whether the merchandise be decreed forfeited or not. Merchandise fraudulently invoiced may be seized and forfeited, though the duties have been paid, and the goods delivered to the importer. Gen. Reg. Art. 866.

[philosophical-schools-en-blog]

Idealism

This article is about the philosophical notion of idealism. For the ethical principle, see Ideal (ethics). For other uses, see Idealism (disambiguation). The 20th-century British scientist Sir James Jeans wrote that "the Universe begins to look more like a great thought than like a great machine." In philosophy, idealism is the group of philosophies which assert that reality, or reality as we can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial. Epistemologically, idealism manifests as a skepticism about the possibility of knowing any mind-independent thing. In a sociological sense, idealism emphasizes how human ideas—especially beliefs and values—shape society. As an ontological doctrine, idealism goes further, asserting that all entities are composed of mind or spirit. Idealism thus rejects physicalist and dualist theories that fail to ascribe priority to the mind. The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its "mind-only" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism. Beginning with Immanuel Kant, German idealists such as G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century philosophy. This tradition, which emphasized the mental or "ideal" character of all phenomena, gave birth to idealistic and subjectivist schools ranging from British idealism to phenomenalism to existentialism. The historical influence of this branch of idealism remains central even to the schools that rejected its metaphysical assumptions, such as Marxism, pragmatism and positivism. More details Android, Windows

[personality-traits-en-blog]

Idealism

This article is about the philosophical notion of idealism. For the ethical principle, see Ideal (ethics). For other uses, see Idealism (disambiguation). The 20th-century British scientist Sir James Jeans wrote that "the Universe begins to look more like a great thought than like a great machine." In philosophy, idealism is the group of philosophies which assert that reality, or reality as we can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial. Epistemologically, idealism manifests as a skepticism about the possibility of knowing any mind-independent thing. In a sociological sense, idealism emphasizes how human ideas—especially beliefs and values—shape society. As an ontological doctrine, idealism goes further, asserting that all entities are composed of mind or spirit. Idealism thus rejects physicalist and dualist theories that fail to ascribe priority to the mind. The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its "mind-only" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism. Beginning with Immanuel Kant, German idealists such as G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century philosophy. This tradition, which emphasized the mental or "ideal" character of all phenomena, gave birth to idealistic and subjectivist schools ranging from British idealism to phenomenalism to existentialism. The historical influence of this branch of idealism remains central even to the schools that rejected its metaphysical assumptions, such as Marxism, pragmatism and positivism. More details Android, Windows

[bocadosdefilosofia]

«Todavía entra en consideración otro aspecto. Tanto en la ciencia como en el arte, tiene valor lo particular en tanto acoge en sí lo general y lo absoluto. Pero sucede demasiado a menudo, como lo muestra la mayoría de los ejemplos, que se olvida la actividad general de la formación universal, por la particular: por la aspiración de llegar a ser un jurista o un médico preclaros, es decir la muy superior vocación del sabio en general, del espíritu ennoblecido por la ciencia. Se podría recordar que, contra esta estrechez de miras culturales, el estudio de las ciencias más universales es un antídoto suficiente. No tengo la intención de negar esto en general, sino que me reafirmo en ello. La Geometría y la Matemática educan la mente para un conocimiento absolutamente racional, que no tiene necesidad de la materia. La Filosofía, que abarca a todos los hombres y afecta a todas las partes de su naturaleza, es todavía mucho más apta para liberar la mente de las estrecheces de una formación parcial y elevarla al reino de lo universal y absoluto.»

F. W. Joseph von Schelling: Lecciones sobre el método de los estudios académicos. Editora Nacional, pág. 66. Madrid, 1984.

TGO

@bocadosdefilosofia

@dias-de-la-ira-1