#emdog

[llois-lane]

COPYRIGHT BY ME

MY YODEL DAY 2023

[baddfinch]

Every time I hear thunder I think of you and my heart swells

listen im gay and afraid let me be ;; 

[handsomedogs]

This is Frederick, my 1 year old Rott mix. His favorite activities include, snuggling, howling at his favorite people, and throwing toys around for himself. He’s one of the goofiest and sweetest dogs I’ve ever met! @the-emdog

[denightlife]

Emdog getting her Trans Am running for the first time in YEARS.

Portland, Oregon

[springgwaterr]

got tagged by:  @half-of-the-story the best person to complain to (also one of the best writers I know please read her stuff :))

name: Emily

nickname: Em, Emstar (its a long story lol), my last name, emdog (from a much darker time in my life rip)

age: too old to get a concession ticket at the zoo but too young to get a senior discount

gender: gal

eyes/hair: light brown or hazel (depends on the lighting lol) / Light brown

piercings: three. one in my left ear and two in my right because the lady at the pharmacy didn’t know how to use the gun properly

scars: A LOT. three on my right ankle from a skateboarding accident, a massive one on my foot cause a horse went STOMP, one on my right knee from a bmx accident, so many on my hands from kitchen related incidents and a few on my legs and near my pits from shaving lol

tattoos:  none but i wanna get a few :)) by a few i mean a lot but they are super expensive and im still looking for an artist

alignment: probably dumb bitch 

myers briggs: Mediator (INFP - T)

sexuality: a bi piece of trash

occupation: struggling (also i work at a hardware store)

pets: i used to have two cats but recently one has gone missing :( also i lease a horse so idk if u can consider him mine

religion: Catholic

languages: english and croatian

hobbies: writing, drawing, reading (but no so much recently), listening to new music

interests: music award shows, watching painting restoration videos on youtube, MUSICALS

blogs: ive got this one and my old mess of a blog that u can follow if you want @indecisive-sorry

tagging: @attention-starved @satans-little-rabbit @freelee-creatin @mysticalkpopper

[themindofa-misfit]

THANK YOU JESUS for making us NEW!! . And for Lyla Faith Penn + Emdog Millionaire!! Any day with these two (especially the first of the year!!) is a sure fire good one. . HAPPY NEW YEAR EVERYONE!! ✨ . I won’t bore you with all of my 2019 goals, but I will tell you what purpose they are saturated with: becoming more like Jesus. With an aim so high, you better believe there will always be room to bloom! 🌿🌻🥳♥️ 2️⃣0️⃣1️⃣9️⃣ https://www.instagram.com/p/BsHFGCSHmd-/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=3sw3ejrhqvs1

[laurenmswartz]

love you emdog 💙

prom twentygayteen💛

[jeffreyrwelch]

Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport

The post Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport by Nikki Moustaki appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren’t considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

What exactly is the sport of dog agility? Basically it’s an obstacle course that a dog runs in a specified order, navigating jumps, teetertotters and weave poles, among other obstacles, with the goal of completing the course as fast as possible.

Dog agility first came to the public’s attention after an exhibition at the Crufts Dog Show in the United Kingdom in 1978. It didn’t take long for the sport to gain popularity, and now there are now dog agility clubs and competitions all over the world.

Why try dog agility?

Weaving through poles is just one obstacle your dog can try with dog agility. Photography ©LexiTheMonster | Getty Images.

Not only is it good exercise for both dog and pet parent, but the teamwork aspect of dog agility creates a strong canine-human bond. Deborah Davidson Harpur, dog agility trainer, handler and founder of the PM2 Dog Agility Team in Los Angeles has a pack of agility champion titled dogs who participate in the sport ranging in age from 1½ to 15.

Most of her dogs are Rat Terriers, but she also has Border Collies — both breeds that excel at the sport — and she has shown many other breeds in agility.

“People who like to have fun with their dogs and are a bit competitive really enjoy the sport,” Deborah says. “But you don’t have to compete in the sport to have fun. I have many students who train just to bond with their dog and to challenge themselves.”

Deborah says that one of the fun aspects of dog agility is recognizing your dog’s incredible intelligence. “At some point, the time comes where you make an error and the dog does the correct thing despite you, and you realize it truly is a team sport,” she says.

Getting started with dog agility

You can research where to train if you are interested in dog agility classes. Photography Courtesy Robert Moray.

Attending a dog agility trial is a great way to get initiated into the sport. According to Deborah, most dog agility trials are in need of volunteers, and there are jobs that require no special skills, such as carrying a leash from the obstacle starting point to the end.

“Volunteering gives you a chance to watch competitors run and see if there are handlers that have dogs like yours or handle in a way you admire,” Deborah says. “Introduce yourself, and find out where they train if you are interested in classes.”

Most dog and handler teams can participate in dog agility competitions. There is no minimum or maximum ages for handlers, but there are age limits for dogs. Puppies cannot do high or repetitive jumping until their growth plates have closed, so a smaller dog will be ready to compete sooner than a larger dog.

“There are no breed restrictions,” Deborah says. “However, your dog must not be aggressive. Some places offer classes for teams who have dogs with reactivity or similar issues. Agility is a great way of bonding with your dog, so the help of a good trainer may even help with behavior problems.”

Deborah says that for her, the best part of dog agility is seeing her dogs enjoy themselves.“My dogs get to run fast and then play with their toy at the end of the course, and they get real meatballs — my dogs are big fans of meatballs,” Deborah says. “Beyond the dogs, I also enjoy meeting others from competitors all over the U.S. and seeing my friends from show to show.”

To learn more about dog agility check out:

The American Kennel Club

United States Dog Agility Association

Canine Performance Events

EmDogs

Agility University

Clean Run

Tell us: Do you compete in dog agility sports? Does your dog compete in any dog agility sports? Would you and your dog ever try agility?

Thumbnail: Photography ©happyborder | Getty Images.

Nikki Moustaki is a dog trainer, dog rescuer and pet expert. She splits her time between New York City and Miami Beach, Florida, and is the author of the memoir The Bird Market of Paris. Visit her on Facebook, on Twitter and at nikkimoustaki.com.

Editor’s note: This article first appeared in Dogster magazine. Have you seen the new Dogster print magazine in stores? Or in the waiting room of your vet’s office? Subscribe now to get Dogster magazine delivered straight to you!

Read more about keeping your dog active on Dogster.com:

5 Rainy Day Ideas to Keep Dogs Active Indoors

Creating the Perfect Dog Playdate

7 Ways to Turn Walking the Dog Into a Workout

The post Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport by Nikki Moustaki appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren’t considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

[daddyslittlejuliet]

Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport

The post Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport by Nikki Moustaki appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren’t considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

What exactly is the sport of dog agility? Basically it’s an obstacle course that a dog runs in a specified order, navigating jumps, teetertotters and weave poles, among other obstacles, with the goal of completing the course as fast as possible.

Dog agility first came to the public’s attention after an exhibition at the Crufts Dog Show in the United Kingdom in 1978. It didn’t take long for the sport to gain popularity, and now there are now dog agility clubs and competitions all over the world.

Why try dog agility?

Weaving through poles is just one obstacle your dog can try with dog agility. Photography ©LexiTheMonster | Getty Images.

Not only is it good exercise for both dog and pet parent, but the teamwork aspect of dog agility creates a strong canine-human bond. Deborah Davidson Harpur, dog agility trainer, handler and founder of the PM2 Dog Agility Team in Los Angeles has a pack of agility champion titled dogs who participate in the sport ranging in age from 1½ to 15.

Most of her dogs are Rat Terriers, but she also has Border Collies — both breeds that excel at the sport — and she has shown many other breeds in agility.

“People who like to have fun with their dogs and are a bit competitive really enjoy the sport,” Deborah says. “But you don’t have to compete in the sport to have fun. I have many students who train just to bond with their dog and to challenge themselves.”

Deborah says that one of the fun aspects of dog agility is recognizing your dog’s incredible intelligence. “At some point, the time comes where you make an error and the dog does the correct thing despite you, and you realize it truly is a team sport,” she says.

Getting started with dog agility

You can research where to train if you are interested in dog agility classes. Photography Courtesy Robert Moray.

Attending a dog agility trial is a great way to get initiated into the sport. According to Deborah, most dog agility trials are in need of volunteers, and there are jobs that require no special skills, such as carrying a leash from the obstacle starting point to the end.

“Volunteering gives you a chance to watch competitors run and see if there are handlers that have dogs like yours or handle in a way you admire,” Deborah says. “Introduce yourself, and find out where they train if you are interested in classes.”

Most dog and handler teams can participate in dog agility competitions. There is no minimum or maximum ages for handlers, but there are age limits for dogs. Puppies cannot do high or repetitive jumping until their growth plates have closed, so a smaller dog will be ready to compete sooner than a larger dog.

“There are no breed restrictions,” Deborah says. “However, your dog must not be aggressive. Some places offer classes for teams who have dogs with reactivity or similar issues. Agility is a great way of bonding with your dog, so the help of a good trainer may even help with behavior problems.”

Deborah says that for her, the best part of dog agility is seeing her dogs enjoy themselves.“My dogs get to run fast and then play with their toy at the end of the course, and they get real meatballs — my dogs are big fans of meatballs,” Deborah says. “Beyond the dogs, I also enjoy meeting others from competitors all over the U.S. and seeing my friends from show to show.”

To learn more about dog agility check out:

The American Kennel Club

United States Dog Agility Association

Canine Performance Events

EmDogs

Agility University

Clean Run

Tell us: Do you compete in dog agility sports? Does your dog compete in any dog agility sports? Would you and your dog ever try agility?

Thumbnail: Photography ©happyborder | Getty Images.

Nikki Moustaki is a dog trainer, dog rescuer and pet expert. She splits her time between New York City and Miami Beach, Florida, and is the author of the memoir The Bird Market of Paris. Visit her on Facebook, on Twitter and at nikkimoustaki.com.

Editor’s note: This article first appeared in Dogster magazine. Have you seen the new Dogster print magazine in stores? Or in the waiting room of your vet’s office? Subscribe now to get Dogster magazine delivered straight to you!

Read more about keeping your dog active on Dogster.com:

5 Rainy Day Ideas to Keep Dogs Active Indoors

Creating the Perfect Dog Playdate

7 Ways to Turn Walking the Dog Into a Workout

The post Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport by Nikki Moustaki appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren’t considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

[stiles-wtf]

Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport

The post Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport by Nikki Moustaki appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren’t considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

What exactly is the sport of dog agility? Basically it’s an obstacle course that a dog runs in a specified order, navigating jumps, teetertotters and weave poles, among other obstacles, with the goal of completing the course as fast as possible.

Dog agility first came to the public’s attention after an exhibition at the Crufts Dog Show in the United Kingdom in 1978. It didn’t take long for the sport to gain popularity, and now there are now dog agility clubs and competitions all over the world.

Why try dog agility?

Weaving through poles is just one obstacle your dog can try with dog agility. Photography ©LexiTheMonster | Getty Images.

Not only is it good exercise for both dog and pet parent, but the teamwork aspect of dog agility creates a strong canine-human bond. Deborah Davidson Harpur, dog agility trainer, handler and founder of the PM2 Dog Agility Team in Los Angeles has a pack of agility champion titled dogs who participate in the sport ranging in age from 1½ to 15.

Most of her dogs are Rat Terriers, but she also has Border Collies — both breeds that excel at the sport — and she has shown many other breeds in agility.

“People who like to have fun with their dogs and are a bit competitive really enjoy the sport,” Deborah says. “But you don’t have to compete in the sport to have fun. I have many students who train just to bond with their dog and to challenge themselves.”

Deborah says that one of the fun aspects of dog agility is recognizing your dog’s incredible intelligence. “At some point, the time comes where you make an error and the dog does the correct thing despite you, and you realize it truly is a team sport,” she says.

Getting started with dog agility

You can research where to train if you are interested in dog agility classes. Photography Courtesy Robert Moray.

Attending a dog agility trial is a great way to get initiated into the sport. According to Deborah, most dog agility trials are in need of volunteers, and there are jobs that require no special skills, such as carrying a leash from the obstacle starting point to the end.

“Volunteering gives you a chance to watch competitors run and see if there are handlers that have dogs like yours or handle in a way you admire,” Deborah says. “Introduce yourself, and find out where they train if you are interested in classes.”

Most dog and handler teams can participate in dog agility competitions. There is no minimum or maximum ages for handlers, but there are age limits for dogs. Puppies cannot do high or repetitive jumping until their growth plates have closed, so a smaller dog will be ready to compete sooner than a larger dog.

“There are no breed restrictions,” Deborah says. “However, your dog must not be aggressive. Some places offer classes for teams who have dogs with reactivity or similar issues. Agility is a great way of bonding with your dog, so the help of a good trainer may even help with behavior problems.”

Deborah says that for her, the best part of dog agility is seeing her dogs enjoy themselves.“My dogs get to run fast and then play with their toy at the end of the course, and they get real meatballs — my dogs are big fans of meatballs,” Deborah says. “Beyond the dogs, I also enjoy meeting others from competitors all over the U.S. and seeing my friends from show to show.”

To learn more about dog agility check out:

The American Kennel Club

United States Dog Agility Association

Canine Performance Events

EmDogs

Agility University

Clean Run

Tell us: Do you compete in dog agility sports? Does your dog compete in any dog agility sports? Would you and your dog ever try agility?

Thumbnail: Photography ©happyborder | Getty Images.

Nikki Moustaki is a dog trainer, dog rescuer and pet expert. She splits her time between New York City and Miami Beach, Florida, and is the author of the memoir The Bird Market of Paris. Visit her on Facebook, on Twitter and at nikkimoustaki.com.

Editor’s note: This article first appeared in Dogster magazine. Have you seen the new Dogster print magazine in stores? Or in the waiting room of your vet’s office? Subscribe now to get Dogster magazine delivered straight to you!

Read more about keeping your dog active on Dogster.com:

5 Rainy Day Ideas to Keep Dogs Active Indoors

Creating the Perfect Dog Playdate

7 Ways to Turn Walking the Dog Into a Workout

The post Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport by Nikki Moustaki appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren’t considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

[grublypetcare]

Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport

The post Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport by Nikki Moustaki appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

What exactly is the sport of dog agility? Basically it’s an obstacle course that a dog runs in a specified order, navigating jumps, teetertotters and weave poles, among other obstacles, with the goal of completing the course as fast as possible.

Dog agility first came to the public’s attention after an exhibition at the Crufts Dog Show in the United Kingdom in 1978. It didn’t take long for the sport to gain popularity, and now there are now dog agility clubs and competitions all over the world.

Why try dog agility?

Weaving through poles is just one obstacle your dog can try with dog agility. Photography ©LexiTheMonster | Getty Images.

Not only is it good exercise for both dog and pet parent, but the teamwork aspect of dog agility creates a strong canine-human bond. Deborah Davidson Harpur, dog agility trainer, handler and founder of the PM2 Dog Agility Team in Los Angeles has a pack of agility champion titled dogs who participate in the sport ranging in age from 1½ to 15.

Most of her dogs are Rat Terriers, but she also has Border Collies — both breeds that excel at the sport — and she has shown many other breeds in agility.

“People who like to have fun with their dogs and are a bit competitive really enjoy the sport,” Deborah says. “But you don’t have to compete in the sport to have fun. I have many students who train just to bond with their dog and to challenge themselves.”

Deborah says that one of the fun aspects of dog agility is recognizing your dog’s incredible intelligence. “At some point, the time comes where you make an error and the dog does the correct thing despite you, and you realize it truly is a team sport,” she says.

Getting started with dog agility

You can research where to train if you are interested in dog agility classes. Photography Courtesy Robert Moray.

Attending a dog agility trial is a great way to get initiated into the sport. According to Deborah, most dog agility trials are in need of volunteers, and there are jobs that require no special skills, such as carrying a leash from the obstacle starting point to the end.

“Volunteering gives you a chance to watch competitors run and see if there are handlers that have dogs like yours or handle in a way you admire,” Deborah says. “Introduce yourself, and find out where they train if you are interested in classes.”

Most dog and handler teams can participate in dog agility competitions. There is no minimum or maximum ages for handlers, but there are age limits for dogs. Puppies cannot do high or repetitive jumping until their growth plates have closed, so a smaller dog will be ready to compete sooner than a larger dog.

“There are no breed restrictions,” Deborah says. “However, your dog must not be aggressive. Some places offer classes for teams who have dogs with reactivity or similar issues. Agility is a great way of bonding with your dog, so the help of a good trainer may even help with behavior problems.”

Deborah says that for her, the best part of dog agility is seeing her dogs enjoy themselves.“My dogs get to run fast and then play with their toy at the end of the course, and they get real meatballs — my dogs are big fans of meatballs,” Deborah says. “Beyond the dogs, I also enjoy meeting others from competitors all over the U.S. and seeing my friends from show to show.”

To learn more about dog agility check out:

The American Kennel Club

United States Dog Agility Association

Canine Performance Events

EmDogs

Agility University

Clean Run

Tell us: Do you compete in dog agility sports? Does your dog compete in any dog agility sports? Would you and your dog ever try agility?

Thumbnail: Photography ©happyborder | Getty Images.

Nikki Moustaki is a dog trainer, dog rescuer and pet expert. She splits her time between New York City and Miami Beach, Florida, and is the author of the memoir The Bird Market of Paris. Visit her on Facebook, on Twitter and at nikkimoustaki.com.

Editor’s note: This article first appeared in Dogster magazine. Have you seen the new Dogster print magazine in stores? Or in the waiting room of your vet’s office? Subscribe now to get Dogster magazine delivered straight to you!

Read more about keeping your dog active on Dogster.com:

5 Rainy Day Ideas to Keep Dogs Active Indoors

Creating the Perfect Dog Playdate

7 Ways to Turn Walking the Dog Into a Workout

The post Dog Agility — Get to Know the Basics of This Fun and Beneficial Sport by Nikki Moustaki appeared first on Dogster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it, but all of these articles were assigned, contracted and paid for, so they aren't considered public domain. However, we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article, then linking out to the rest of the piece on Dogster.com.

[baddfinch]

the-emdog replied to your post: Every time I hear thunder I think of you and my...

I’ll protect you

thnak you,,,,,

[handsomedogs]

This is Frederick. He’s a 7 month old mutt from a reservation, so there’s really no telling what he is for sure. My best guess is Rottweiler, hound, German shepherd. He’s a little social butterfly despite his timid nature, and is a major “Velcro dog” @the-emdog

[denightlife]

Josh sweatin’ Emdogs Vette

Portland, Oregon

[swiftie13ts13]

Just take a second and think about this... Taylor Swift is only 27 and has hit records and topped the charts more than people that are like 47! Taylor Swift has like 20-40 more years she could be doing this! It’s insane what you can do! You want an example of GRIT, and DILIGENCE! This girl is the PERFECT woman to look up to! I know she’s MY role model! Emdog our!😂😍❤️😮

[the-emdog]

I feel like I’m super uninteresting. But I’m gonna do this anyway. Was tagged by my favorite

Name - Emily 

Nickname - there was a brief moment last year when people would call me Emdog. It’s a nickname I wish would come back. Mostly people call me Em, and one of my friends calls me Emmy. 

Zodiac - Sagittarius. The most Sagittarius person I know! 

Height - somewhere between 5'8 and 5'10 idk 

Sexual orientation - straight? 

Favorite fruit - mangoes, but only like the really ripe and juicy ones. Most of the times when I eat them I’m disapointed. The few times I find good ones though, WOO best thing ever.

Favorite season - winter! I like it cold! give me snow! I mostly like it because then I get to wear sweaters and drink hot chocolate and play in snow and stuff

  Favorite book - Gee I don’t know. Something by Maggie Stiefvater? Her third book of The Raven Cycles is probably my favorite. It has a minor character in it who speaks in ALL CAPITALS ALL THE TIME and I love that shit, I would die for that man. (It also showed me the like creative freedom Stiefvater has because like normally people would say you can’t write dialog in ALL CAPS, but Maggie did, somehow?)

Favorite flower - I don’t know shit about flowers, but when I was a kid there were these one’s my family called “dragon snappers” I don’t even know if that’s their real name. But when you squeeze the sides of them, you can like make them talk?? Like the flower itself looks like a little head. Anyway I would sit in our garden and like play with them. I’d like run around the yard with them and give them personalities and shit. I dunno, it’s just a little memory I have from my childhood!

Favorite scent - Book pages. Like old books, new books, any book. Apparently the smell is called lignen or something. (I think).

Favorite color - Dark colors, particularly purple and blue.

Favorite animal - ....I’m not going to say what some might expect because it’ll come later. Wolves, I think. I hang out with them when I’m in colorado at a rescue and like they heal my soul or some shit. I love them. But I also have to say cheetah’s because when I was younger I was OBSESSED. I wrote two letters to the presidents about how they needed to be saved, (one to Bush one to Obama). (I got letters back too). 

Average sleep hours - Lately I’ve been getting the normal amount of sleep a person should get. Sometimes I only get like 5 or 6 hours, but mostly it’s 8 hours. That’ll probably change once I get back to the states though...

Cat or dog person - Dog. I love dogs so much. I would die for dogs. I love cats too, but nothing can even come close to the intense all consuming love I feel for dogs. They are pure and I want one. My roommate, Rachael and I will still meow at feral cats who live in the alley behind our apartment though.

Favorite fictional character - James Buchanan “Bucky” Barnes.

Number of blankets you sleep with - Two. One’s a shitty duvet that doesn’t conform to the body at all and instead forms like a tent of cold air. The other is a fuzzy blanket I use to keep my feets from freezing.

Dream trip - I’m on it? I guess? I really want to go to Africa someday to see cheetahs. But Ireland was pretty much the place I wanted to go most and at the end of this semester I’m going to be traveling around Europe, so...

Blog created - 2011. My first post was about how I bit my dad and didn’t apologize for it. I didn’t really start consistently using it until like 2012 or 13 tho

Number of followers- What’s it matter? They’re all bots!

I tag: Everyone I’d feel comfortable tagging has already done this I think?? Or been tagged to do it. So, if you feel like doing it, just go for it!

Sorry for the long ass rambley responses!