#drug delivery

[hearts4werka]

Drugged Love

Summary: You and Chris meet when you're coming back from a gang meeting and he is coming back from a deal, your apperance caught his attention but him suddenly popping out from an alleyway makes you react in the opposite way he though you would. He places his number into your phone but you have to keep the relationship a secret because of your involvement with the dangerous gang… Genre: ANGST & SMUT (further into the story there will be smut dw) Drug dealer x gang member, ?strangers to lovers? Gangster, drug dealer, dark themes, alleyways, driving late at night, rainy night, troubled characters, third person pov and possibly more! Warnings: mentions of drug usage & being under the influence of hard drugs, gang involvement at a young age, illegal weapon possession, involvement in illegal activity, being held at gun point, ?slight threatening?, dark subjects will be involved further into the story including different types of childhood trauma, ass content ahead and possibly more!

The idea is from @leoslaboratory and was requested by @yourmother29 in this ask so thank you both luvies!

"Have a good night everyone." I say to the people left in the conference room as I rise from my chair, grabbing my jacket off the back of the chair and walk out of the room.

“Bless your soul, child.” I hear one of the older women who were remaining in the conference room, shooting her a warm smile as she lights a cigarette that way neatly placed between her lips who do look like they haven’t met male lips nor seen chapstick in at least 25 years.

Walking down the stairs of the building and out of the exit I look around on the streets to make sure no one was lurking in the shadows behind the streetlight softly lighting the road and side walk.

My outfit mostly consists of the color black which is typically normal but having the hood of my hoodie over my head and my clothing cocealing most of my body which at night can be quite concearning and unsual to see. (I didnt find any reference for this so use your imagination)

I make my way back to my car, wanting to get back home after the meeting which lasted over an hour. Feeling the tiredness state affect my awarness of my surroundings, suddenly theres a tall, but significantly attractive man standing infront of me.

Out of reflex I reach into the back pocket of my jeans and pull out a gun, placing it against the man's forehead to stop him from any further movements, my finger already hovering over the trigger.

He visibly tenses and freezes in place, his vision falling onto the barrel of the cold metal gun against his forehead. A shiver running down his spine as he starts to speak in an almost oddly calm voice. Like he’s been in a situation like this before.

"Woah there, don't gotta be so hostile from the start. I was just passing by." He explains, raising his hands into the air in surrender to asuure me he wont be causing any harm to my human being and looking quite friendly but at the same time a bit high.

"Oh, I'm sorry its just a.. reflex I guess." I state in an apologetic tone, pulling the gun away from his forehead and back into the back pocket of my jeans, feeling slight guilt wash over my body at the sudden situation and my actions.

"You don't look like those typical girls walkin' back home this late, you bein' followed that you needa pull a gun on strangers?" He asks, a feeling of protectiveness washes over me at his question. It;s a weird feeling to be feeling to a man that you have just met.

"I can get pretty defensive when it comes to walking home at night. And no, no one is following me, atleast I don't think so" I answer, glancing around and comprehending my surroundings more than before and feeling certainly more awake now. Letting the tiredness state evaporate into the air.

“Ima walk you to wherever you gotta go, m’kay?” He insists, moving to stand next to me and ready to walk to my destination. Showing no signs of moving from his new currently taken spot.

“You don’t have to, don’t you also have places to be at?” I ask, still standing in the same spot I was from the beginning. Reassuring him that he doesn’t need to walk me back home and feeling slightly hesitant with a random stranger walking with me. “I’ll be fine, really. I know how to defend myself.”

“Yeah but I can’t let a pretty thing like you walk alone at night, especially with all the creeps around these alleyways.” He demands, clearly not taking my negative answer into consideration in his mind

Knowing that he won’t stop until I finally give in, I decide on just letting him walk with me. For some reason I feel like i can trust him and having a possible male friend that’s not a gang member is pretty refreshing.

“Fine, you can walk with me but don’t try anything funny or I’ll put a bullet through your skull.” I warn him, shooting him a slight glare and then chuckle at how his expression says that he knows I’m not kidding and that I am serious about the words I just spoke.

We take off from the spots we were stuck in for a few minutes and I start to make my way towards my car with him following close next to me.

“Soo… what’s with you carrying a gun around?” He finally speaks up, trying to make small talk as he looks me up and down in question, seeming a lot more calmer than others who I’ve had the fortune to have pulled a gun to their head.

“Well it’s not exactly legal and I can’t tell you the reason behind it.” I explain and wait for his reaction, noticing the wheels turning in his head with my words hanging in the tense air between us as small awkward silence joins in alongside the tense air.

He nods his head in understanding, shoving his hands into the pockets of his jacket which was softly draped over his shoulders. “M’kay, understandable.”

"Why are you out so late?" I ask my first question, a small chuckle escapes past his lips as he glances between me and the side walk ahead of him as we walk alongside each other.

"I think I should be asking that." He jokes, we share a small laugh and as his laugh hits my ears I feel slightly warmer inside, his laugh sounds like a small flower newly blooming before he starts to add, "but to answer your question, I was makin' a quick delivery"

I glance at him with slight confusion shadowing over my features, what kind of delivery is he talking about? he doesn't look like the type to deliver packages and with the current time, packages aren't delivered anymore.

"What kind of delivery?" My head tilting to the side in question, glancing up and down at his attire and observing him closely to try and pry an answer out of him from his appearance alone.

A chuckle rumbles in his throat at my question regarding his words, noticing me clearly observing him while thinking he's not gonna notice but with how my eyes were sliding down his form slightly scrunched in determination to get an answer, my intentions were obviously spotted.

"An illegal one." He answers straight to the point, I almost get taken aback by his sudden honestly given that we are strangers to each other and don't even know each other names yet. Quite shocking how quickly he seemed to warm up to me.

"So that makes us both involved in illegal activity," I summarise what I've caught from our current conversation we’re having before I add. "At least we got one thing in common so far." My brain is slowly easing into the information that this might be the longest walk I've been on.

As we finally start to reach the end of our little walk but just as the conversation starts flowing, I see a small glimpse of my car in the distance and feel slightly bummed that our meeting is soon going to come to an end.

I decide to just fuck it and ask for his number to maybe hang out in the near future together, ill be new air to breathe since he isnt involved with the gang I'm involved in. I’m nit sure in what illegal activity he is involved in but I wont stress over that for now.

We finally make it to my car, being only few feet away from it as i turn my head to look at him as he notices me glancing in the way of the black car and realizes it could possibly belong to me.

“Can you give me your phone for a sec?” He speaks up first, glancing down at me and at the black car we are now standing infront of and eyeing it up with quite the precision in his eyes.

Hesitant thoughts cross my mind as I slightly stare at him with confusion contouring my face, the only thing I get from him is a small laugh rumbling in his throat before he adds. “I’m not gonna steal it, don’t worry”

Still feeling slightly skeptic about this idea but I reach into the back pocket of my jeans and reveal my phone to him, before putting it in his direction and for him to easily grab I unlock it first as I assume he would want to use it for something.

Taking the opportunity he grabs ahold of my phone in his calloused hands and opens an app, quickly typing something out before handing it back that causes our hands to brush against each other.

As i take my phone back and shove it into my back pocket but pulling out my car keys and unlocking the car door, turning my head to glance back at him.

"See ya later, little trouble." He slighty teased, emphasizing the little nickname he suddenly thought of. My thoughts are mixed with the random nickname but I wont stress it too much until I get inside of my car.

He shoots me a small smirk that grows on his face before turning around, making his back face me now and starts to walk in the other direction. Slowly letting the dark shadows consume his form into their black wrath.

I open my car door and slide inside, slumping into my seat as my hands land on the steering wheel. My thoughts slowly wrapping their shadowy arms aroun dmy head and pulling me into the pitch black pit, I finally push the key into the keyhole and press the gas, pulling out of my parked spot and into the nightly street as rain starts tapping the roof of my car...

@hearts4werka

authors note: heloo everyone! Soo here is the drug dealer Chris fic and I hope you guys liked it and would want more, I love hearing your guys thoughts on any of my work and if y’all see any improvement from the previous ones, your guys opinion matters to me so don’t be afraid to leave a comment sharing your thoughts if you want! And last question, do we fw the small text? Luv y’all so much

& love and peace, V

Guestlist!

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[jerryweed4]

[jcmarchi]

Miniature Marvels: Wireless Millirobots Successfully Navigate Arteries - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/miniature-marvels-wireless-millirobots-successfully-navigate-arteries-technology-org/

Miniature Marvels: Wireless Millirobots Successfully Navigate Arteries - Technology Org

For the first time ever, wireless millirobots navigated a narrow blood vessel both along and against arterial flow.

Researchers from the University of Twente and Radboudumc inserted the screw-shaped robots in a detached aorta with kidneys where they controlled them using a robotically controlled rotating magnet. Health Holland recently awarded a grant to further develop the technology to be able to remove blood clots.

UT-researchers navigate millirobots through ex vivo aorta model. Image credit: University of Twente

Each year worldwide, one in four people die from conditions caused by blood clots. A blood clot blocks a blood vessel preventing the blood from delivering oxygen to certain areas of the body.

Surgeons can use flexible instruments to remove the blood clot therefore allowing the blood to flow again, but some regions in the body are difficult to reach. Millirobots can overcome these limitations and remove blood clots from difficult-to-reach blood vessels.

Synergistic Triumph

The researchers showed that these millirobots were able to travel through blood vessels. But to do so, the millirobots need power, to travel up- and downstream and to accurately be controlled and localised. Last but not least, they need to be biocompatible and leave no further damage to the inside of blood vessels. At the Technical Medical Centre of the University of Twente, the researchers set up their experiment with a real aorta and kidneys.

“This required an interdisciplinary approach and the collaboration of many different departments. The Robotics Lab, Laboratory of biointerface, blood lab, DesignLab, LipoCoat, and MESA+ all helped us achieve this successful outcome”, explains researcher Islam Khalil.

Guided by Precision

In the experiment, the researchers used a robotically controlled rotating magnetic field to control the millirobots wirelessly. With an X-ray machine, they were able to localise the millirobot while steering through the aorta.

The researchers maintained a maximum arterial flow of 120 ml per minute inside the aorta. But with a stronger magnetic field, the millirobots should be able to overcome a greater blood flow. The millirobots performed stable straight runs with and against the flow, and also with multiple robots at the same time.

Miniature Marvels

The robots themselves are 3D-printed, screw-shaped objects with a small permanent magnet inside.

“This tiny magnet of just one millimetre long and one millimetre in diameter is placed in such a way that it can rotate the ‘screw’ in both ways. This allows for swimming against the flow and then turning around and swimming back”, explains Khalil.

The small size makes it possible to use several robots at the same time. And the screw shape makes it possible to drill through a blood clot.

Unlocking Potential

“These millirobots have huge potential in vascular surgery”, says Michiel Warle, a vascular surgeon at Radboudumc.

“Currently, we use blood thinners and flexible tools, but a millirobot can travel to hard-to-reach arteries while they only need minimal incisions to be inserted.”

In a new collaboration with Radboudumc and Triticum Medical (Israel), the researchers will further develop the millirobots to enable them to remove blood clots wirelessly. The consortium will look at ways to exploit this technology fostering collaborative growth in medical robotics and technical medicine.

Besides breaking up the blood clots to enable the blood flow of arteries, the technology can potentially be used for other targeted interventions. “The robots can deliver drugs to very specific places in the body where the drug is needed the most. That way we have minimal side effects in the rest of the body”, explains Khalil.

Power in Collaboration

This research is a collaboration between Radboudumc and the University of Twente. It received funding from the TURBO (Twente University RadBoudumc Opportunities) programme. With the TURBO programme, research groups from both institutions can expand an innovative idea into a large research project.

The researchers extended their collaboration with Triticum Medical (Israel) to further develop the millirobots. Health Holland recently awarded them a TKI-LSH (Topconsortia for Knowledge & Innovation – Life Science & Health) grant for public-private partnerships from Health Holland

Dr. Islam Khalil is Assistant Professor in the Department of Biomechanical Engineering (BE; Faculty of ET / TechMed Centre).  His research interests include the modelling and design of motion control systems for soft microrobots, biologically-inspired microrobots, mechatronic system design, and untethered magnetic micro/nanorobotics with applications to micro/nanomanipulation, micro-assembly, and targeted drug delivery.

Source: University of Twente

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[mit]

Soft optical fibers block pain while moving and stretching with the body

The fibers could help with testing treatments for nerve-related pain.

Jennifer Chu | MIT News

Scientists have a new tool to precisely illuminate the roots of nerve pain.

Engineers at MIT have developed soft and implantable fibers that can deliver light to major nerves through the body. When these nerves are genetically manipulated to respond to light, the fibers can send pulses of light to the nerves to inhibit pain. The optical fibers are flexible and stretch with the body.

The new fibers are meant as an experimental tool that can be used by scientists to explore the causes and potential treatments for peripheral nerve disorders in animal models. Peripheral nerve pain can occur when nerves outside the brain and spinal cord are damaged, resulting in tingling, numbness, and pain in affected limbs. Peripheral neuropathy is estimated to affect more than 20 million people in the United States.

“Current devices used to study nerve disorders are made of stiff materials that constrain movement, so that we can’t really study spinal cord injury and recovery if pain is involved,” says Siyuan Rao, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, who carried out part of the work as a postdoc at MIT. “Our fibers can adapt to natural motion and do their work while not limiting the motion of the subject. That can give us more precise information.”

“Now, people have a tool to study the diseases related to the peripheral nervous system, in very dynamic, natural, and unconstrained conditions,” adds Xinyue Liu PhD ’22, who is now an assistant professor at Michigan State University (MSU).

Details of their team’s new fibers are reported today in a study appearing in Nature Methods. Rao’s and Liu’s MIT co-authors include Atharva Sahasrabudhe, a graduate student in chemistry; Xuanhe Zhao, professor of mechanical engineering and civil and environmental engineering; and Polina Anikeeva, professor of materials science and engineering, along with others at MSU, UMass-Amherst, Harvard Medical School, and the National Institutes of Health.

Keep reading.

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[exorcizamus-te-dementors]

The Important Overview to Vitamins and also Minerals: Unlocking the Power of Nourishment for Optimum Wellness

Paragraph 1: Minerals and vitamins play an essential role in maintaining our overall wellness and health. From boosting our immune system to supporting proper brain function, these essential nutrients are the foundation that our bodies need to work at their finest. In this comprehensive guide, we will certainly dive deep right into the globe of minerals and vitamins, unraveling their advantages, sources, as well as the significance of maintaining a balanced consumption for ideal health.Paragraph 2: Nutrients are not only vital for our bodily functions, however they also work as effective antioxidants, securing our cells from damage brought on by hazardous cost-free radicals. While a well-balanced diet should preferably supply us with all the necessary nutrients, certain variables such as poor dietary options, stress and anxiety, contamination, and also drugs can bring about shortages. That's where supplementation enters into play. We will certainly explore the different sorts of minerals and vitamins, their details functions, and also just how to recognize if you require to supplement your diet to ensure you're getting the right amount of these vital nutrients. Whether you're seeking to enhance your energy degrees, sustain your body immune system, or boost your skin health, comprehending the world of nutrients is the very first step towards achieving optimum wellness.

Read more here click here for more information

[biopharmaceuticalindustry]

The Tsunami of Big Data for Pharma: Sink or Swim?

This article addresses the real-world challenges in assembling Big Data that need to be considered when developing and applying analytics to enhance drug and diagnostic development and patient management. AI/ML and deep learning tools focus on volume and velocity but the real value will come from understanding and dealing with aspects of validity that are currently being ignored.

Learn more: https://www.pharmafocuseurope.com/information-technology/tsunami-big-data-pharma-sink-swim

[curiousquill1]

The Importance of Precision in VJ Instruments' Transdermal Patch Machine

Transdermal Patch Machines have to be produced with the highest possible accuracy to achieve both safety and effectiveness. Medical devices used to administer medication directly into the bloodstream, have to be manufactured with precise accuracy; such high measure of accuracy not only measures quality but also impacts a patient's health outcome. Therefore, it is high-stakes manufacturing because even the slightest manufacturing variability may result in a highly disparate variation of drug delivery and therapeutic efficiency.

Understanding the Precision Requirements in the Manufacture of Transdermal Patches

Production of transdermal patches involves some important parameters:

Homogenous distribution of drugs in the adhesive matrix

Right quantity of dosage in the patch

Consistent thickness of the adhesive layer

Adherence of the backing material with accuracy

Quality control at every stage of its production

Even slight deviations in these factors can make a big difference in drug delivery rates and therapeutic efficiency. Accuracy in production determines patient safety, regulatory compliance, and product reliability. The sophistication of maintaining consistency in quality for high-volume runs necessitates the use of advanced manufacturing technology to achieve success.

The Technology Used by VJ Instruments in Manufacturing Solution

The advanced manufacturing system of VJ Instruments combines several technological innovations that enable unparalleled precision in the manufacture of transdermal patches:

Advanced Sensing Systems

Real-time monitoring of thickness layer

Automated evaluation of drug content

Inline validation of quality

Real-time reporting of manufacturing deviations

Multi-point inspection provision

Sophisticated analysis using spectroscopy

Precision Control Mechanisms

System of micro-adjustment of dispensing

Temperate environment during processing

Pressure regulation is automatic

Technology of cutting is accurate and precise

Calibration dynamic system

Smarts Feed control mechanism

Quality Assurance Features

The machine accommodates in-built validation protocols

Automated recording of results

Real time direct data logging

Total batch tracking for results

Statistical control process

Identification of defective material with automatic systems

Setting a New Benchmark for Excellence in Manufacture

VJ Instruments' Transdermal Patch Machine is different, mainly because of the numerous advanced features it accommodates.

Highest Accuracy End

Achieves uniformity in delivery of drugs within ±0.1%

It supports the uniform thickness throughout the patch's entire area

Helps in the proper alignment of all layers of patches

Provides the critical process monitoring

Uses high fidelity of error correction systems

Tends to offer precision manufacturing unlike ever seen before

Higher Production Efficiency

Saves waste material handling with precision

Saves time lost in the production process

Simplifies quality control activities

Optimizes the usage of materials

Enhances production cycles

Increases the output of manufacturers

Implementing VJ Instruments' Technology: Competitive Advantages for Manufacturers

Production Benefits

Higher yield rates compared to conventional systems

Less material waste

The production cycle is faster

Operator intervention is minimal

Production can be more flexible

Better use of resources is made

Quality Improvements

Better batch-to-batch consistency

Better stability of the product

Fewer deviation rates

High-quality finish

Product uniformity

Better control over the process

Business Impact

Lower cost of production

Increased manufacturing capacity

Lower overhead in quality control

Better regulatory compliance

Better market competitiveness

Improved return on investment

Advanced Features of Modern Manufacturing

The system design is complex and features:

Automation Features

Smart process control

Automated material handling

Smart quality validation

Predictive maintenance alerts

Adaptive process optimization

Advanced robotics integration

Data Management

Comprehensive production analytics

Real-time monitoring capabilities

Detailed batch records

Trend analysis tools

Predictive modeling capabilities

Advanced reporting systems

Ensuring Long-term Manufacturing Success

Manufacturing facilities using the technology of VJ Instruments enjoy considerable advantages in this highly competitive pharmaceutical market:

Continuous production of high-quality patches

Reduced manufacturing cost

Improved regulatory compliance

Increased production efficiency

Competitive market advantage

Following sustainable manufacturing practices

The investment in precise manufacturing technology through VJ Instruments' Transdermal Patch Machine is a declaration of a commitment to making excellent goods and ensuring safe products. Advanced technology will yield the accuracy, reliability, and quality controls needed to successfully produce high-quality transdermal patches in this demanding pharmaceutical arena. State-of-the-art technology with comprehensive quality controls and the ability to produce highly efficient pieces makes VJ Instruments' machine the highest option available for manufacturers trying to begin or expand facilities to make transdermal patches.

Manufacturers planning to start or expand a transdermal patch production line would do well in choosing VJ Instruments, as their technology has provided a proven answer that has harmonized precision engineering with real practical manufacturing needs. The range of features it offers combined with its reliability make it one of the top selections for companies serious about excellent manufacturing. Advanced capabilities aside, the machine from VJ Instruments remains the bar of excellence for transdermal patch manufacturing when it comes to precision and quality.

[brokenharted]

The Vital Guide to Vitamins as well as Minerals: Opening the Power of Nourishment for Optimum Health And Wellness

Paragraph 1: Nutrients play a vital role in maintaining our general wellness and also health. From enhancing our immune system to sustaining correct mind feature, these important nutrients are the foundation that our bodies require to operate at their ideal. In this detailed guide, we will certainly dive deep right into the world of nutrients, deciphering their advantages, sources, and the importance of preserving a well balanced intake for optimum health.Paragraph 2: Vitamins and also minerals are not just crucial for our physical functions, but they additionally function as effective anti-oxidants, safeguarding our cells from damage brought on by unsafe totally free radicals. While a healthy diet regimen needs to ideally supply us with all the necessary nutrients, particular aspects such as bad dietary options, anxiety, air pollution, and also also medicines can result in deficiencies. That's where supplementation enters play. We will explore the various kinds of minerals and vitamins, their particular functions, and how to determine if you require to supplement your diet to guarantee you're obtaining the right quantity of these vital nutrients. Whether you're aiming to enhance your power degrees, support your body immune system, or improve your skin wellness, recognizing the world of nutrients is the very first step in the direction of achieving optimum wellness.

Read more here go to this website

[jamesvbrownlibrary]

The Vital Guide to Vitamins and Minerals: Opening the Power of Nutrition for Optimal Health And Wellness

Paragraph 1: Minerals and vitamins play an important duty in preserving our overall health and well-being. From improving our body immune system to supporting appropriate mind feature, these necessary nutrients are the foundation that our bodies require to work at their ideal. In this detailed overview, we will certainly dive deep right into the globe of vitamins as well as minerals, unwinding their advantages, sources, and also the significance of preserving a well balanced consumption for optimal health.Paragraph 2: Nutrients are not just necessary for our bodily features, however they also work as powerful antioxidants, securing our cells from damages brought on by hazardous cost-free radicals. While a well-balanced diet regimen needs to ideally offer us with all the required nutrients, specific variables such as inadequate dietary choices, stress, air pollution, and also drugs can bring about deficiencies. That's where supplementation comes into play. We will explore the various types of minerals and vitamins, their certain functions, as well as exactly how to determine if you require to supplement your diet to ensure you're getting the right amount of these essential nutrients. Whether you're wanting to improve your energy degrees, sustain your immune system, or enhance your skin health, recognizing the globe of minerals and vitamins is the very first step towards accomplishing ideal health.

Read more here click here for more information

[raivendr]

The Essential Guide to Vitamins as well as Minerals: Unlocking the Power of Nutrition for Optimal Health

Paragraph 1: Vitamins as well as minerals play an essential role in maintaining our total wellness and also health. From boosting our immune system to supporting correct brain function, these crucial nutrients are the foundation that our bodies require to function at their finest. In this thorough overview, we will dive deep into the world of nutrients, unraveling their benefits, sources, as well as the relevance of maintaining a well balanced consumption for ideal health.Paragraph 2: Nutrients are not just necessary for our bodily features, but they also act as powerful anti-oxidants, safeguarding our cells from damages triggered by unsafe free radicals. While a well-balanced diet regimen should preferably supply us with all the required nutrients, particular aspects such as inadequate dietary choices, anxiety, pollution, and also also medications can result in shortages. That's where supplements enters into play. We will explore the various sorts of vitamins and also minerals, their details features, and also just how to determine if you need to supplement your diet to ensure you're getting the correct amount of these crucial nutrients. Whether you're seeking to improve your power degrees, support your body immune system, or boost your skin wellness, understanding the globe of vitamins and also minerals is the primary step towards attaining ideal wellness.

Read more here medication disposal

[jerryweed4]

[jcmarchi]

A bioinspired capsule can pump drugs directly into the walls of the GI tract

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/a-bioinspired-capsule-can-pump-drugs-directly-into-the-walls-of-the-gi-tract/

A bioinspired capsule can pump drugs directly into the walls of the GI tract

Inspired by the way that squids use jets to propel themselves through the ocean and shoot ink clouds, researchers from MIT and Novo Nordisk have developed an ingestible capsule that releases a burst of drugs directly into the wall of the stomach or other organs of the digestive tract.

This capsule could offer an alternative way to deliver drugs that normally have to be injected, such as insulin and other large proteins, including antibodies. This needle-free strategy could also be used to deliver RNA, either as a vaccine or a therapeutic molecule to treat diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic disorders.

“One of the longstanding challenges that we’ve been exploring is the development of systems that enable the oral delivery of macromolecules that usually require an injection to be administered. This work represents one of the next major advances in that progression,” says Giovanni Traverso, director of the Laboratory for Translational Engineering and an associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, a gastroenterologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, an associate member of the Broad Institute, and the senior author of the study.

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Traverso and his students at MIT developed the new capsule along with researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Novo Nordisk. Graham Arrick SM ’20 and Novo Nordisk scientists Drago Sticker and Aghiad Ghazal are the lead authors of the paper, which appears today in Nature.

Inspired by cephalopods

Drugs that consist of large proteins or RNA typically can’t be taken orally because they are easily broken down in the digestive tract. For several years, Traverso’s lab has been working on ways to deliver such drugs orally by encapsulating them in small devices that protect the drugs from degradation and then inject them directly into the lining of the digestive tract.

Most of these capsules use a small needle or set of microneedles to deliver drugs once the device arrives in the digestive tract. In the new study, Traverso and his colleagues wanted to explore ways to deliver these molecules without any kind of needle, which could reduce the possibility of any damage to the tissue.

To achieve that, they took inspiration from cephalopods. Squids and octopuses can propel themselves by filling their mantle cavity with water, then rapidly expelling it through their siphon. By changing the force of water expulsion and pointing the siphon in different directions, the animals can control their speed and direction of travel. The siphon organ also allows cephalopods to shoot jets of ink, forming decoy clouds to distract predators.

The researchers came up with two ways to mimic this jetting action, using compressed carbon dioxide or tightly coiled springs to generate the force needed to propel liquid drugs out of the capsule. The gas or spring is kept in a compressed state by a carbohydrate trigger, which is designed to dissolve when exposed to humidity or an acidic environment such as the stomach. When the trigger dissolves, the gas or spring is allowed to expand, propelling a jet of drugs out of the capsule.

In a series of experiments using tissue from the digestive tract, the researchers calculated the pressures needed to expel the drugs with enough force that they would penetrate the submucosal tissue and accumulate there, creating a depot that would then release drugs into the tissue.

“Aside from the elimination of sharps, another potential advantage of high-velocity columnated jets is their robustness to localization issues. In contrast to a small needle, which needs to have intimate contact with the tissue, our experiments indicated that a jet may be able to deliver most of the dose from a distance or at a slight angle,” Arrick says.

The researchers also designed the capsules so that they can target different parts of the digestive tract. One version of the capsule, which has a flat bottom and a high dome, can sit on a surface, such as the lining of the stomach, and eject drug downward into the tissue. This capsule, which was inspired by previous research from Traverso’s lab on self-orienting capsules, is about the size of a blueberry and can carry 80 microliters of drug.

The second version has a tube-like shape that allows it to align itself within a long tubular organ such as the esophagus or small intestine. In that case, the drug is ejected out toward the side wall, rather than downward. This version can deliver 200 microliters of drug.

Made of metal and plastic, the capsules can pass through the digestive tract and are excreted after releasing their drug payload.

Needle-free drug delivery

In tests in animals, the researchers showed that they could use these capsules to deliver insulin, a GLP-1 receptor agonist similar to the diabetes drug Ozempic, and a type of RNA called short interfering RNA (siRNA). This type of RNA can be used to silence genes, making it potentially useful in treating many genetic disorders.

They also showed that the concentration of the drugs in the animals’ bloodstream reached levels on the same order of magnitude as those seen when the drugs were injected with a syringe, and they did not detect any tissue damage.

The researchers envision that the ingestible capsule could be used at home by patients who need to take insulin or other injected drugs frequently. In addition to making it easier to administer drugs, especially for patients who don’t like needles, this approach also eliminates the need to dispose of sharp needles. The researchers also created and tested a version of the device that could be attached to an endoscope, allowing doctors to use it in an endoscopy suite or operating room to deliver drugs to a patient.

“This technology is a significant leap forward in oral drug delivery of macromolecule drugs like insulin and GLP-1 agonists. While many approaches for oral drug delivery have been attempted in the past, they tend to be poorly efficient in achieving high bioavailability. Here, the researchers demonstrate the ability to deliver bioavailability in animal models with high efficiency. This is an exciting approach which could be impactful for many biologics which are currently administered through injections or intravascular infusions,” says Omid Veiseh, a professor of bioengineering at Rice University, who was not involved in the research.

The researchers now plan to further develop the capsules, in hopes of testing them in humans.

The research was funded by Novo Nordisk, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health.

[esoterrorism]

The Important Guide to Vitamins and Minerals: Unlocking the Power of Nutrition for Optimal Health

Paragraph 1: Vitamins as well as minerals play an essential role in preserving our overall health and wellness and wellness. From enhancing our immune system to supporting proper mind function, these important nutrients are the foundation that our bodies need to operate at their best. In this comprehensive guide, we will dive deep right into the world of vitamins as well as minerals, untangling their benefits, sources, as well as the value of preserving a well balanced intake for optimal health.Paragraph 2: Nutrients are not only vital for our bodily functions, yet they also serve as effective anti-oxidants, safeguarding our cells from damage brought on by unsafe cost-free radicals. While a well-balanced diet ought to ideally supply us with all the necessary nutrients, specific aspects such as inadequate dietary selections, stress and anxiety, air pollution, as well as even medications can bring about deficiencies. That's where supplementation enters play. We will certainly discover the different types of vitamins and also minerals, their certain features, and how to determine if you require to supplement your diet plan to guarantee you're getting the right amount of these vital nutrients. Whether you're looking to boost your energy levels, support your body immune system, or enhance your skin wellness, comprehending the globe of minerals and vitamins is the very first step towards achieving optimal health.

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The Vital Guide to Vitamins and Minerals: Unlocking the Power of Nutrition for Optimal Wellness

Paragraph 1: Nutrients play a vital function in preserving our general health and wellness. From boosting our body immune system to sustaining proper brain feature, these important nutrients are the foundation that our bodies require to operate at their ideal. In this extensive guide, we will dive deep into the world of nutrients, untangling their benefits, resources, and also the value of preserving a balanced consumption for optimal health.Paragraph 2: Minerals and vitamins are not just vital for our physical functions, however they also function as effective antioxidants, safeguarding our cells from damage caused by hazardous complimentary radicals. While a healthy diet plan needs to ideally offer us with all the needed nutrients, particular variables such as bad nutritional options, anxiety, air pollution, and even medications can cause shortages. That's where supplements comes right into play. We will explore the various types of vitamins and minerals, their details features, and also just how to determine if you need to supplement your diet regimen to ensure you're obtaining the appropriate amount of these crucial nutrients. Whether you're looking to increase your energy degrees, sustain your immune system, or boost your skin health, understanding the globe of minerals and vitamins is the very first step towards achieving optimum health.

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Robotic Process Automation: The Catalyst for Pharma 4.0 Evolution

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is essential in the Pharma 4.0 evolution, varying the pharmaceutical industry by automating repetitive tasks, reducing human errors, and enhancing efficiency. RPA supports drug development, manufacturing, and supply chain management, ensuring compliance, improving data integrity, and driving innovation for better patient outcomes.