#dethickness

[dethickness]

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[isenstar777]

Why are places called Unthank and Dethick in the UK?

[studylatin]

“Non sanz droict” was scrawled beneath an early sketch of the Shakespearean coat of arms, but it may not have been intended as the official motto. Scholars have since puzzled over its nonsensical grammatical quirk, for it originally read “non, sanz droict”, altering the meaning (“no, without right”).

The phrase itself, grammatically correct or not, is aberrant. Some have suggested that it was not a motto but a note besmirching the unauthorised herald. Hughes (2019) purports that “academics cling to it as a motto since they can think of nothing else to do with it.”

William Dethick is the author of these sketches, a fractious herald with a rather unsavoury record (“he attacked the Chester herald's wife… he punched his own father, wounded his brother with a dagger… and beat and slandered many of his fellow heralds [Glover, Brooke, etc.]” (Oxford Dictionary of National Biography). In his description, Dethick expounds upon the virtues of heraldry: “As manie gentlemen by theyre auncyent names of families, kyndredes and descentes, have and enjoye certeyne enseignes and cottes of Arms, so it is verie expedient in all ages that some men for theyre valeant facts, magnanimite, vertu, dignites and desertes may use and beare such tokens of honor and worthinesse…” (Transcription via Scott-Giles, 1950).

“So we grew together, / Like to a double cherry: seeming parted, / But yet an union in partition, / Two lovely berries molded on one stem. / So, with two seeming bodies but one heart — / Two of the first, like coats in heraldry, / Due but to one and crownèd with one crest.” (Helena, A Midsummer Night’s Dream.)

For further reading, see Shakespeare's Heraldry by Scott-Giles (1950), available for borrowing on Internet Archive!

[jackalgirl]

So I’m noodling away at heraldic art for the Society of Creative Anachronism (among my many other projects), and I had to trace some art.  I must stress that this is -- as faithfully as I can render it -- a relatively accurate trace of the original artwork (although since I’m trying to produce line art, I can’t capture things like painted color brushwork and shading).  For one thing, the expression on these animals’ faces is 100% not me and again, I should point out that this is perfectly period artwork, thus absolutely suitable for formal registration of devices in the SCA.

I get that the boar is a bit miffed.  I’d be, too, in its place.  But that hedgehog is clearly up to no good.

Cites: first image: “The Armorial of Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount” (1532-34). Second image: Gilbert Dethick's “Book of Arms” (1564).

[kingedwardvi]

Calendar of State Papers Foreign: Edward VI 1547-1553

1551

June 6. Florence. Francis Peyto to the Earl of Warwick. With his last of the 23d May, had sent to his Lordship the plot of Dragut's escape, and divers occurrents of these parts. Since then nothing is heard but the daily increasement of Parma's matters. Don Ferrante Gonzaga is ordered to Castello Guelfo, eight miles from the city, there to attend and waste the country. 

The Pope wages many soldiers and commands them all to Bologna. The Duke here gave licence for 3,000 of his subjects, who have already departed, and it is said he will forthwith despatch 2,000 foot and 200 horse under the conduct of Signor Radulpho Baglione, one of his chiefest captains. 

No man passes through his dominions unsearched of letters and whither he repairs. He is a Prince who wisely governs himself in all occasions. Good store of ammunition is sent to Bologna. Hard shift has been made of the Pope to have money; besides good surety, he gives two per cent., and so he takes one half-year at this interest; nevertheless he should be but simple furnished, were not the Emperor more his aid. 

Yesterday arrived some Frenchmen from Rome, who say that M. de Thermes looks for his licence daily, and goes to Parma, and Cardinal Tournon to Venice. The French in Rome are but homely welcome. Dondego [Don Diego], the Emperor's Ambassador, singularly serves his master with the Pope. M. de Monluc, who is sent to the Pope from the French King, passed this way two days ago. 

The Spanish Prince is daily expected in Italy, and to embark at Lerizzi [Lerice], not trusting to come to Genoa for the business that has been lately in these parts. A plot to give the town into the Emperor's hands had been discovered there, and Spinola, one of the chief actors therein, taken and imprisoned. It is reported that Dragut has taken two galleys off Sicily, and that for fear of the Turk's navy many soldiers are sent to the river of Apulia. Sends herewith the news from Rome, whereby his Lordship will see whether they be truly advertised. 

If Stafford comes this way his Lordship shall have knowledge. Returns thanks for his reward, the receipt of which he had acknowledged in his last letter. [One page and a half.] Annexed,

370. I. "From Rome of the 23d of May." Latest news from Flanders bear that betwixt the noblemen of the realm (of England) is like to be great sedition, especially in the north, by reason of changes among the wardens; that the Marquis of Dorset with a great company is sent thitherward, and to be immediately followed by the Earl of Warwick with all his power. 

The Earl of Shrewsbury is put out of his office; and the Earl of Derby commanded to renounce his title of the Isle of Man to the King, which he has plainly denied, and prepares himself. All men out of wages are taken up, but whereunto it is not known. 500 or 600 men waited on the Mayor and Aldermen of London, complaining of the late influx of strangers, and that by reason of the great dearth theg cannot live for these strangers, whom they were determined to kill up through the realm, if they found no remedy. 

To pacify them the Mayor and Aldermen caused an esteame to be made of all strangers in London, which showed an amount of 40,000, besides women and children, for the most part heretics fled out of other countries. Details of precautionary and restrictive orders issued by the municipal authorities accordingly. 

The war proceeds against Ireland. The Scots molest England on the north. A ship laden by the English at Antwerp with harness, weapons, and much gold, had been arrested for the Emperor: they are likely to lose all and many of their men be imprisoned. They play bankrupt many of them in Flanders. 

There is chopping and changing of them of the Council. The gentry are obliged to fortify themselves in their houses, except those who are obliged to go to the wars, and the common people die for hunger. The Emperor has sent to the King and Council that he would have his nephew (sic) Lady Mary to marry with the King of Polonia, whose wife died lately: the answer thereto not yet known. 

The French take their time, but as yet they keep peace with them. There be of their knot Lord Shrewsbury, Lord Dacre, the Constables, Mr. Bowes, knight, and all their retinue, and the Earl of Derby. The end of this heavy tragedy of that realm, with the ruin of the King, will be shortly seen, as it was never other like with this Government. 

Morysine has left the Emperor's Court with great rebuke and shame, and is replaced by Dr. Wotton. As they fear sore the Emperor in this travail within the realm, it is thought they will consent to the sending of the Lady Mary. The fourth of September shall be the first sitting of the Council.

370. II. "In letters of the 29th of May." News concerning Parma are clean contrary to what he formerly wrote. The Pope and French King are at utter defiance. Don Ferrante Gonzaga has already wasted Campania with 800 horse and 6,000 foot. 

The Emperor has lent the Pope 3,000,000 crowns, and says he shall lack neither men nor money to defend the Church. The Pope is marvellously offended with the message brought by his nephew Sig. Ascanio della Cornia from the French King, that he swears he will lay his triple crown with all the rest to pledge, but he will have Parma. 

Imminent danger of great wars. The Emperor and his son the King of Spain reported to be very sick. News from France of the embassy for marriage of the King of England with the French King's daughter, and of the exchange of the Orders of the Garter and St. Michael. If the marriage goes forward, it is thought the Pope will excommunicate both. Two days ago here was taken and put in prison Sig. Aurelio Fregoso, a Genoese, a great captain of the French party, who came privily from Duke Octavio.

Note on back: "Mr. Thomas Stafford, my Lord's nephew, will pass by you shortly, and perchance move you for a certain Partito, wherein take heed what you do, nor in nowise disclose to him of the matter I wrote you of the hospital. And as for all other things you may talk at large, he hath good fancy towards you." [Three pages.]

---- June 6. Angers. Sir John Masone to the Council. In consequence of the receipt of their letter of the 25th May, he had a conference with the Constable relative to the conduct of Senarpont at Sandingfeld, and was assured by him that the King had so written his mind to the former that they should hear no more of it, and that the ground had not been given to Senarpont, or was by any means so meant. M. de Chastillon moreover was shortly to go to these frontiers, and if he found anything there out of square, should have commission to see a full redress therein. 

This evening M. de Chastillon came to him on part of the King to notify the election of King Edward into the Order of St. Michael on the preceding day, and that M. de St. André was to repair forthwith to England for the purpose of investing his Majesty. Chastillon goes to Picardy shortly. 

The affair of Parma still hangs upon the answer looked for from the Bishop of Rome; but it is thought the end thereof shall not be so unquiet as it was feared. The Scottish Queen makes as though she would gladly be in Scotland, but he believes she will make no such haste, being desirous of bringing all the forts in Scotland into the hands of the French, which as yet has not been obtained, and were the Scottish noblemen at home again, she knows there would be no possibility in the matter. 

The Scot that should have poisoned the (young) Scottish Queen arrived here yesterday. The King left for Chateaubriand to-day. About Thursday or Friday next the Marquis of Northampton will be at Nantes, and if no alteration is made in the plan will come from thence to Chateaubriand. By this time he is probably within a day's journey from Orleans. [Four pages. Indorsed by Cecil.]

----

June 8. Orleans. The Marquis of Northampton to Sir John Masone. Thanks him for his letters of the 4th and 6th inst., and proposes that instead of Masone going to Nantes, they shall meet at his last loading between this and Nantes, called Engrand, where he intends to be on Sunday or Monday night at farthest, considering that coming down the water they shall be in more quiet and have better time for conference. Refers to the discretion of Masone his reply to the Constable's wish for Marshal St. André's tarrying, but he should be reminded of the mutual understanding that there was to be no delays in the reciprocal departure of the Ambassadors. Sends list of those who compose the embassy with the number of their servants, as follows:— Marquis of Northampton, with 62 servants. The Bishop of Ely " 21 " Sir Philip Hoby " 30 " Sir William Pickering " 30 " Sir Thomas Smith " 7 " Dr. Oliver " 4 " William Thomas, Secretary " 2 " The Earl of Worcester " 8 " The Earl of Rutland " 9 " The Earl of Ormond " 3 " Lord Fitzwalter " 4 " Lord Lisle " 8 " Lord Abergavenny " 7 " Lord Braye " 3 " Lord Rivers " 4 " Mr. Throgmorton " 4 " Mr. Sydney " 4 " Sir William Cobham " 2 " Sir Joseph Cutts " 2 " Sir John Perrott " 4 " Sir Anthony Guidotti " 3 " Sir Gilbert Dethick, Garter King of Arms " 4 " Mr. Fitzwilliams " 3 " Mr. Cary " 4 " Mr. Knolles " 1 " Mr. Edmund Vernay " 2 " Mr. Francis Vernay " 2 " Mr. Young " 4 " Mr. Nicholas Alexander " 2 " Chester Herald at Arms, [William Flower] " 2 " Rouge Dragon poursuivant [Martin Maroffe] " 1 " Lucas Fringer " 1 " [Two pages and a half. Copy in Sir J. Masone's Letter-Book.] ---

June 16. The Council to the Marquis of Northampton. Had received his letter of the 6th. On Sunday last the French Ambassador notified to his Majesty his election into the Order of St. Michael, and yesterday requested audience again that he might receive an official acceptation thereof in order to certify the King his master of the same; wherein, as they can conjecture, he is a very precise and circumspect man, intending to write even the same words that he should receive. Desire him to explain to the French King the high gratification of their master, which was perhaps not so apparent to the Ambassador. "The King's Majesty's young nature being of such modesty that in his most gladness hath not much outward show thereof, and besides that his Majesty's French speech being not natural to him, cannot so abundantly express the joy of his heart as if he should have answered in his natural speech as the French King did in his." Are informed that the English Commissioners and the Scots have agreed upon a treaty, the particulars of which in writing they expect to receive by Sir Thomas Chaloner in four days, and request him to notify this to the French King. [Three pages. Draft.]

--- June 26. Chateaubriand. The Marquis of Northampton and the other Ambassadors to the Council. On Wednesday last, after dinner, they had another conference with the French Commissioners respecting the amount of dowry to be settled on the Princess Elizabeth in the event of her marriage with his Majesty, the particulars of which are minutely detailed. After long discussion they reduced their original demand of 1,500,000 crowns to 800,000; and the French raised their offer of 100,000 to 200,000 crowns. 

Desire to have farther instructions, and that they may be sent speedily by the bearer, William Thomas, as the King leaves for Nantes on Monday next, minding to tarry on the way, and there not above eight or ten days, intending to conduct the Queen where she shall be brought to bed. Such removings greatly add to their charges, and they have already troubled the country so much with the furniture of their numerous horses, that if they have to wait till the King's removing from Nantes, they believe it shall not be possible for them to be supplied, the train of the Court being so great as it is.

 "Garter's reward was a chain weighing 200 crowns and somewhat more, and the gown which the King wore that morning, which was of damask, set with agletts esteemed between 20 and 30 pounds." Have received the reply of the French Commissioners in writing, and send it herewith. [Six pages.]

----

(....)

Mr. Nicholas Wotton, Ambassador with the Emperor at Augsburg, had audience of him, and having declared his instructions unto the Emperor, his answers were:— "1. That my Lady Mary's matter concerning mass was of importance, and therefore he said he would think of it and speak with D'Arras, of whom he should know his answer in it.

"2. That as for the request for the King's Highness' Ambassador to have the communion secretly, &c., he knowing in his conscience that the communion, used as it is in England, is not good, but contrary to the order used by all the Church so many hundred years, he should offend God if he permitted it, and that therefore he may not and would not do it.

"3. That as for the arrests made in the Low Countries, the Emperor made strong at it, and said he knew nothing of it. 'Marry,' quoth he, 'the French at Dieppe had staid some of my subjects' ships, whereupon the French ships were staid again in the Low Countries; and unless there were some of the English merchantmen's goods in their ships, he knew not what it should mean.' He could say no more to it at this time, but he said he would write to the Queen his sister of it, who shall certify and satisfy the English Ambassador there in this point.

"4. That the Emperor did remit Mr. Wotton for an answer for the licence for the powder to Mons. D'Arras, whereupon he was earnest with Mons. D'Arras for it. His excuses were, that the King of England had no need at that time of it; that the Emperor had need of it, and should lack for himself, for now the Turk hath opened the war again."

----

June 30. [Greenwich.] King Edward VI. to Sir John Masone, recalling him from his embassy in France. [One page. Draft.]

---- June 30. [Greenwich.] Same to Sir William Pickering, intimating his appointment as resident Ambassador in France. [One page. Draft.]

---

June 30. [Greenwich.]  Instructions from King Edward VI. to Sir William Pickering, to be observed by him on entering upon his duties as Ambassador after the departure of Sir John Masone. [Five pages. Indorsed by Cecil. Draft.]

---- June 30. Greenwich.  Second instructions given by the King and Council to the Marquis of Northampton and his colleagues. They may accept of 600,000 crowns, but no less; shall agree to no relinquishment of his Majesty's titles, rights, or claims to anything in France or Scotland; shall decline any offensive and defensive war treaty; and shall listen to no alterations of religion in England, that "perchance may be moved by the practices of the Romans and their adherents." [Two pages. Copy in Sir J. Masone's Letter-Book.]

----

July 2. Greenwich. Third instructions from King Edward VI. and the Council to the Marquis of Northampton and his colleagues. They shall ask 400,000 crowns, and may agree to take 200,000, with the transportation at charges of the French King, rather than break off the treaty. [Six pages. Draft.] ---

July 3. Brussels. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to the Council. Details a conversation which he had this evening with the French Ambassador in relation to the ceremony used by the Marquis of Northampton in investing the French King with the Order of the Garter, and the treaty of marriage between King Edward and the Princess Elizabeth, god-child of his father King Henry VIII., now only seven years of age, which is concluded, and the Marquis on the eve of returning. 

The Emperor is not expected here for two months, although one of the Council a few days since said that he was to leave Augsburg for this place on the 10th inst. It is reported that the Turk does nothing as yet in Transylvania, and that the inhabitants of that country are treating upon articles to be wholly at the devotion of the King of the Romans. 

The Prince of Spain has not yet embarked, and it is now said he will take shipping at Spezzia, beside Leghorn, under the Duke of Florence, for that at Genoa they have but little mind at this time to him and his train. The States of Brabant are here assembled. The Duke of Arschot has been slain by one of his own gentlemen through folly. The Prince of Orange now marries the daughter of Count Buren. Hears that four or five ships of war have left Zealand, said to be for the conducting of the herring fleet. Still great military preparations are being made. [Four pages. Partly in cipher, deciphered.]

----

July 17. Nantes. The Marquis of Northampton to Cecil. The inclosed packet is from a Scot in the French Court, who seems to bear good will to the English, and has written to some of his friends to apprize the Marquis from time to time of what happens in Scotland. Requests Cecil to read them, and if he thinks good to forward them to Berwick for delivery. [Half a page.]

-----

July 19. Angers. Treaty of marriage between King Edward VI. and Elizabeth, daughter of Henry II., King of France. 

--- July 20. Beaufort. Henry II., King of France, to King Edward VI. Recredentials of the Marquis of Northampton and his colleagues, and expressive of his Majesty's satisfaction at the conclusion of the treaty. [Countersigned by De l'Aubespine. Broadside. French.]

---- July 20. Beaufort. Same to same. Re-credentials of Sir John Masone, approving of his conduct while Ambassador, and expressive of his Majesty's pleasure at the appointment of Sir William Pickering as successor. [Countersigned by De l'Aubespine. Broadside. French.]

---- July 20. Inventory of silver and gilt plate delivered to Sir William Pickering on entering upon his duties as Ambassador-Resident in France, amounting to 2,697 ounces. [Two pages.] ---

Aug. 29. John Dominic Panizonus, the Emperor's Secretary, to King Edward VI. Informing his Majesty of the death of William Panizonus, and requesting that his sons Constantine and Christopher, whom on his death-bed he had recommended to his Majesty, may be taken into his service. Two of the same family,—Francis, a physician, and John Baptist, a valet (domicellus),—had previously died while serving the Crown of England. [Latin. One page.]

--- Aug. 30. Fontainebleau. Sir Anthony Guidotti to the Earl of Warwick. Last Wednesday the 26th inst., in a private interview, the Duke of Guise suggested that, during the trouble between the French and the Emperor, England should arm by sea for the defence of her coast; whereby the Emperor might be put in some doubt, and yet could have no occasion to be offended. And thus England keeping one side, and the French having a strength on the other, the Emperor would not be too hasty to adventure into the canal between both. If he may offer an opinion, it would be well to do this, even though they should expend 50,000 or 60,000 crowns, as by such a step they would secure for ever the good will of France. The Duke also mooted a marriage between the Duke of Ferrara's son, who is one of the goodliest young men of all Italy, and the Princess Elizabeth. The Duke of Florence's son is 11 years old. If this party were liked, it were an easy matter to be concluded without any excessive dote. [Two pages and a half.] Contemporary translation of the above. [Two pages and a half.]

---- Aug. 31. Hamburg.  Colonel William Wallerthum to King Edward VI. Requesting his Majesty's interference towards procuring payment from Henry and John Albert, Princes of Magdeburg, and John Margrave of Brandenburg, for a body of cavalry which he had raised for their service; and begging his Majesty to recommend him to the King of France for employment. [Latin. Three pages.] ---

Sept. 1. Augsburg. Sir Richard Morysine to Cecil. Is it not possible, that seeing dickers will not be granted, somewhat else, as able to stretch to the payment of his debts as dickers, may be obtained? Still to sue, and never to speed, is a life for hope and not fit for an Ambassador, that must have and not still hope to have. He must else make his men learn to hope for meat, and to miss of it. If they bar the Ambassador of massings, and thereupon the Emperor calls for him home, prays that he may be called for too, or else they may hope to call when he shall be where he cannot hear them. Thought it would have been his turn to come home first, but he must do as he is commanded, because he cannot do as he could have desired. Yet he does think his abode short here, and Cecil by the next shall do him pleasure to give him some light. He might send his wife a piece of the way, while fair weather lasts. [One page.]

--- Sept. 3. Augsburg. The Emperor Charles V. to King Edward VI. Re-credentials of Dr. Wotton. Countersigned by Bavé. [Broadside. Indorsed erroneously 13th.]

--- Sept. 4. Brussels. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to the Council. It is reported that the Bishop of Rome and the Farneses are in communication will small hope of agreement. What the Turk's army has done at Tripoli is not yet known, but it is believed it will winter at Tolne. News have arrived that the French have captured 17 great hulks going to Spain, richly laden, to the extent of 800,000 ducats; which news hath dashed the talk of Parma, Magdeburg, and all others. Six ships are lately sent out of Holland to waft the herring fleet, it is said. Letters from Rouen state that the French King appoints a parliament at Paris to determine upon the supremacy of the Church within his own realm. The Prince of Spain is reported to have been in Navarre, where they have sworn and done homage to him. [One page.]

--- Sept. 4. Melun.  Sir William Pickering to the same. Last Tuesday the 1st instant had received their letters of the 28th July, which thus had been a month on the way. Next day had an interview with the King, and thereafter with the Constable; of which the details, chiefly on-the affairs of the Continent, are minutely narrated. Requests an increase of salary, not having half enough to defray his ordinary expenses, inasmuch as, one day with another, he spends 13 or 14 French crowns, and all that he receives does not amount to seven. [Fourteen pages and a half. Printed by Tytler, Vol. i., p. 408.]

---- Sept. 5. Venice. Peter Vannes to Francis Yaxley. [One page. Torn perpendicularly, like the letter from Vannes to the same party of 25th July 1551, so as to be unintelligible.]

--- Sept. 5. Strasburg. Christopher Mount to the Council. The continuation of the Council summoned for the 1st of September at Trent is deferred by the efforts of the Emperor. The Bishops of Treves and Mentz have arrived there; those of Cologne, Strasburg, Besançon, and Constance are daily expected; and almost all the German Bishops are forced to go to them by Imperial mandate. On the other hand, Duke Maurice and the Elector of Brandenburg and their theologians, with some learned in the law. The theologians of Wittenberg have lately drawn up a confession of faith, which has been received and authorized by a great number of Saxon theologians and preachers. In Upper Germany, Brentzen, with the assent of the divines of Tubingen and Strasburg, has also prepared a confession, which has been signed and approved by the Duke of Wirtemberg and the community of Strasburg, and now theologians on both sides in the dominions of Duke Maurice agree that out of both one confession shall be formed, to be exhibited to the Council and defended to their utmost. The Duke of Wirtemberg, and Strasburg take up the subject warmly, but Nuremberg, Augsburg, and Ulm are very remiss and cool on the matter. De Fresne is said to be sent by the French King to the maritime cities, and Maurice to have interceded for easier conditions of peace to the people of Magdeburg. But the Emperor holds to his first determination. The treaty between England and France will produce much good if persisted in. The question of the Duchy of Wirtemberg is still unknown, but the result, it is feared, will be very grievous to the Duke. [Latin. One page and a half.

----

Sept. 22. Augsburg. Sir Richard Morysine to Cecil. If Cecil has leisure, prays shortly to have some inkling what he shall do; whether he has to tarry any long time, or shortly to come away. Does he think, though dickers do not come, anything else may be sued for? Can Cecil help his friend to nothing? Is sorry if he cannot, knowing his good will. Money is shrunk in this town; those that make the wars will let men of peace enjoy but that they have already bor rowed. Money is now at 25 on the 100 better than himself. Must have his own sent him in season, else it may chance to do him but a little pleasure. Thinks they reckon at home that he has found some treasure, that they think he can live without his diets. Has prayed Cotton to take some pains to solicit; hopes small suit will serve, and yet he that has so long sued, and still must, may fall in error in thinking due easy to be come by. Is sure Cecil might in a month steal one quarter of an hour to write a few lines this way. Are all his desires so great that he is to be barred of them all? Neither dickers, nor diets, nor letters, nor any kind of comfort? He still looks for Francis; if he does not come, prays he may hear somewhat from Cecil. Mr. Cheke, Mr. Wrothe, and everybody has so much to do with themselves, that he can be no man's care but his own. Beseeches he may see that he has some one that thinketh him, for pity's sake, worthy to be comforted. [Two pages.]

---- Sept. 29. Hampton Court.The Council to Sir William Pickering. His Majesty having resolved in compliment to the French King to hold the Feast of St. Michael, had invited the French Ambassador, who came here last night, and has been very well entertained both by the King and the Council. "This day he was present in the chapel at the whole service of the communion, where he saw the King's Majesty reverently with us of his Council communicate the sacrament, wherein as we perceive he seeth and understandeth great difference betwixt our reverence in our religion and the slanders thereof usually spread by evil men." He dined with his Majesty in the privy chamber, and at a Council held thereafter preferred a request from his master touching regulations to be made for the trade in wines between France and England, which would serve to the mutual advantage of these countries. Inform him of the points thereof to enable him to confer with the Constable thereon. [Three pages and a half. Draft.]

--- Oct. 8. Melun. Sir William Pickering to Cecil. Writes to him both in French and English, hoping to induce Cecil to write; if neither of these two languages can purchase two lines from his hand, will think himself little in his grace. Has detained Francis, the courier, three days to no avail, expecting to have had some news of this Cardinal Verallo (fn. 1) Romano, on whom he invokes la Verole Francaise for not having yet arrived. Desires that he may remember the money due for the post, and the passport for John Lord Erskine, with a train of 20 persons, concerning which he had written. Had been honourably entertained by the King and the Constable at the recent feast of St. Michael, which was held at Bois de Vincennes, and "endured for three days, very solemnly celebrated with the presence of many Popish prelates, and consecrated with a company of un comely Cardinals, seeming by their countenances to care more for the custom than for their corpus Domini. At last with divers benedictions and many cumbersome courtesies this pageant was played; and the matter ended with a masking mass of Romish regimen." [One page and a half. The first portion in French. Indorsed by Cecil.]

---- Oct. 9. Brussels. Copy proclamation by the Emperor Charles V. prohibiting commercial intercourse with France and her allies. [French. Nine pages.]

---

Oct. 16. Westminster. King Edward VI. to the Senators and Magistrates of Lucca. Credentials in favour of Peter Vannes, native of that city, and Latin Secretary to his Majesty. [Latin. Broadside. Indorsed by Cecil. Copy.]

---- Oct. 16. The Council to Sir Richard Morysine. In consequence of the Emperor persisting to Dr. Wotton, that Lord Paget had promised on behalf of his Majesty that the Lady Mary should hear mass privately, although the same has utterly denied that he ever spoke to the Emperor on the subject, and they are disposed to believe him, they have secluded Lord Paget from the Council and the Court, and committed him to his house, where he has remained these 14 days, prohibited to speak or confer with any but those of his own family. Instruct Morysine to take an opportunity of apprizing the Emperor hereof, that he may see the respect paid to his assertion, and at the same time how far from truth it is that his Majesty and they were ever parties to such alleged promise. [Copy. Two pages.]

---

Oct. 25. Memorandum of letter from the Council to Sir William Pickering, informing him that Sir Jacques Granado is to be sent to France to present some geldings from his Majesty to the French King, the Dauphin, the Princess Elizabeth, (fn. 2) and the Constable, and desiring that he will instruct Granado as to the forms of presentation. [Half a page.]

--- Oct. 25. Instructions given by King Edward VI. to Sir Jacques Granado, Knight, one of the Esquires of the stable, sent by appointment of the Earl of Pembroke, master of the King's Majesty's horse, to convey to the French Court certain geldings and hackneys with their apparelling and furniture, presented by his Majesty to the French King and others. [Two pages. Draft.]

--- Oct. 26. Westminster. King Edward VI. to Henry II., King of France, requesting his acceptance of some horses sent by Sir Jacques Granado. [One page. Indorsed by Cecil. Copy.]

----

Oct. 27. Paris. Sir William Pickering to the Council. Acknowledges receipt of their letters of 29th September and 16th inst. Between these dates had seen the Constable, who assured him that the objectionable regulations of the Bordeaux merchants relative to the wine trade should instantly be cancelled. On receiving their last letter had instantly set off to Paris, for the purpose of congratulating the French King on the birth of the young Prince, [Duc d'Angoulême, afterwards Henri III.], and notifying the appointment of Lord Clinton, the Lord High Admiral, to act as King Edward's representative in the capacity of godfather at the baptism. His conversations with the King and the Constable on the affair of the Duke of Somerset. [Sixteen pages. Printed by Tytler, except the page relating to the wine trade. Vol. ii., p. 86.]

--- Oct. 27. Paris. Same to Sir William Cecil. Congratulates him on his "good fortune to be found undefiled with the folly of this unfortunate Duke" of Somerset. [One page. Printed by Tytler, Vol. ii., p. 67.]

---- Oct. 30. Castle of Koningsburg. Albert, Marquis of Brandenburg, to King Edward VI. Sends him a present of eight falcons, his Majesty having been gratified with those which he had sent in the preceding year. [Latin. Broadside.]

---

Nov. 4. Hamburg. John Brigantyne to the Duke of Northumberland. The like information, and in almost precisely similar words, as transmitted in his previous letter to the Council, except that the cause of offence given to the Emperor by Sarcerius is stated to be "for that he hath newly inveighed against the Papists." [One page.]

---- Nov. 5. The Council to Sir William Pickering. On the 22d ult. the Queen Dowager of Scotland arrived at Portsmouth, being escorted thither by the Baron de la Garde, with 10 ships of war. As soon as her arrival was known, orders were given to Sir Richard Wingfield, the captain there, to wait upon her Majesty and ascertain whether she intended to continue her journey by sea or land. 

Presuming she would adopt the latter course, orders were given to Sir Richard Cotton, Mr. Paulett, brother to the Marquis of Winchester, with the county gentlemen, to wait upon her and her retinue. Thereafter she despatched a messenger to the King notifying her coming, to which his Majesty immediately responded by congratulations, and giving directions for her honourable entertainment. 

Her progress hither was from Portsmouth to Southwick, a house of one Mr. White, where she remained two days; next to Warblington, the residence of Sir Richard Cotton, where she lodged; next day to dinner at the Earl of Arundel's house, called Stanstead, and to her lodging at Cowdray, Sir Anthony Browne's house; and on the following day to Guildford; to all which places she was conducted by the noblemen and gentlemen of the respective counties in great state. 

At Guildford she was met by Lord William Howard, with the nobility and gentry of Surrey, who conducted her to Hampton Court, at a mile from which the Marquis of Northampton, with other nobles, came on part of his Majesty to congratulate her, and at the house she was received by the Marchioness of Northampton and other ladies. 

There she abode Allhallow-day, and on the following went by water, accompanied by numerous barges, to London, where she was lodged at the Bishop of London's palace. Next day the Duke of Suffolk, the Earl of Huntingdon, and others visited her from his Majesty, and on the following, which was yesterday, the 4th inst., her Grace, accompanied by Lady Margaret Douglas, the Duchesses of Northumberland and Suffolk, and others, came to the Court, where, being met by the Lord Chamberlain and other officers of the household, she was most honourably and princely received and welcomed by the King's Majesty in the hall, and led up to her chamber on the Queen's side, where his Majesty dined with her, and in the afternoon departed; she taking her leave of him with most hearty and earnest thanks for the kingly usage of her and hers. 

To-day she rests herself, and to-morrow departs northward. His Majesty has written to the Sheriffs of the various counties through which she will pass that due honours may be paid to her, and Mr. Edward Dudley and Mr. Shelley are appointed to attend on her through her whole journey, to see things conveniently and agreeably served. 

The French King having by medium of his Ambassador applied for the delivery of a murderer who had escaped to England, the malefactor has been apprehended, and is sent to Calais to be handed over to the proper authorities. The ratifications of the late treaty are to be mutually received during the Lord High Admiral's visit to France, whither he purposes to go shortly, and about the 20th or 22d inst. be in Paris. [Eight pages. Draft.]

---- Nov. 6. Brussels. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to Sir William Cecil. Thanks him for his continued attention in soliciting his private affairs, and requests him to command reciprocal good offices. [One page.]

---- Nov. 7. Venice. Peter Vannes to the Council. Parma, in the absence of Don Fernando, is well furnished with victuals. They in Mirandola show no manner of fear, and in consequence of the country being low and miry, the Papists' army are not able to do any hurt. As the weather serves they have occasional skirmishes. The Emperor, it is said, intends to take all manner of occasions to bring these towns to his purpose this winter, so that they shall not interfere with his plans next summer; but many suppose that he shall have much to do before he can bring that to pass. They of Mirandola have informed the French King that they want nothing but money. A number of the 4,000 landsknechts, intended for service in Italy, have arrived. Here men of all sorts, as well temporal as spiritual, charge the Bishop of Rome as author of all the mischief, and men judge this to be the time that he shall be scourged with his own rod. Letters to the Seigniory from Constantinople of 26th September mention the arrival there of Mons. de Raimond, Ambassador for the French King, with two galleys. The Turk was going to Adrianople, both for health's sake and to be nearer the occurrents of Hungary. Friar George of Transylvania, although he was confederate with the King of the Romans, has sent an Ambassador to the Turk with such a tribute as yearly he was wont to pay. The Turk has caused a large quantity of timber to be cut for the building of galleys this winter. He has ordered the General of his army to return to Constantinople and bring with him the pirate Dragut, and to have in the island of Prenice a captain of his, named Sala Reis, with 40 galleys. In consequence of this the Seigniory have revoked their General and army, leaving only 35 galleys in their gulf, under the command of their providetor there. The Prior of Capua, as a Knight of that order, was going from the French King's service with his two galleys to Malta, to serve there; but the Grand Master has not accepted his service, on the ground that he did not wish by receiving him to offend such mighty Princes as the Emperor and the French, with whom the Prior is in disfavour. Wherefore it is said that the Prior has set up the sails of his galleys, seeming to become a rover of the sea. The Emperor arrived at Isborroughe [Inspruck] on the 31st of October, and his navy, with the King of Bohemia, and other Spaniards, had already arrived at Villa Franca, not far from Genoa. ----

Nov. 14. Brussels. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to the Duke of Northumberland. The English merchants here are molested and slenderly regarded in all their suits, which he rather and chiefly imputes to their own insatiable greediness, wilfulness, and disorder than any other. Instances in support of this opinion, that whereas they promised him to stand earnestly in defence of the liberties secured by the treaty, and that no more ships should come till the six already there had sailed and reached home, six others richly laden have arrived, so that neither the one can be permitted to sail or the others to discharge except upon payment of 10s. upon every 100lbs., both of the one and the other. It is reported, that now the Emperor has a wonderful treasure arrived in Spain out of the Indies, and that in Spain they have granted the Prince 1,700,000 ducats a year towards the wars. [Two pages.]

---- Nov. 15. Memorandum of articles delivered to the Lord Clinton, Lord High Admiral of England, to be presented by him as the gift of King Edward VI. at the christening of the French King's son. These were: one pair of pots of gold, fair wrought and enamelled, weighing 165½ ounces. One pair of flagons of gold, wrought according to the said pots, weighing 165¼ ounces. And one bowl of gold, wrought with divers devices of astronomy, and "Phismanyes," weighing 108 ounces. In all 438¾ ounces, which at 60s. the ounce amount in money to 1,316l. 5s. (Sic in Orig.) [One page.]

----

Nov. 16. Instructions given by King Edward VI. to Lord Clinton, the Lord High Admiral of England, and Sir William Pickering, to receive the formal ratification by the French King of the Treaty of marriage between his Majesty and the Princess Elizabeth. [Two pages and a half. Draft.]

--- Nov. 18. Brussels. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to the Council. Although until he should hear from their Lordships, he had not intended to make any suit to the Regent in the merchants' affairs, yet because contestation was here pretended against certain old French wines that two of them had brought out of England to Dunkirk and Middleburg, he had submitted the cases to the President. The Regent allowed the one who had arrived and sold his wines prior to the publication of the placard to have his money therefor, as reason would; but would not permit the other who had arrived subsequent to the proclamation, either to discharge or sell his wines, but ordered that he should return with them to England. Wherefore, regarding this latter, he had an audience of her Majesty last Friday evening, when she at length consented, not on the ground of the treaty but of personal regard to the King of England, to allow the merchant to sell his wines, though at a price exceeding not 6l. per ton. [Two pages.]

--- Nov. 19. [Westminster.] Reply by King Edward VI. to the Envoy from the Elector Maurice, the Marquis of Brandenburg, and the Duke of Mecklenburg, sent to invite his Majesty to join the confederacy of Protestant Princes. [Latin. Two pages. Draft, autograph of Cecil. Printed by Tytler. Vol. ii., p. 95, and in the Literary Remains of King Edward VI., Vol. ii., p. 366.]

---- Nov. 19. Westminster. Letter from King Edward VI. to the Elector Maurice and the other Princes. [Latin. Draft, autograph of Cecil. One page.]

---- Nov. 24. Westminster. Letter from King Edward VI. to the same Princes. Recredentials of the Envoy. [Latin. One page. Copy.]

----

Nov. 24. Westminster. King Edward VI. to Sigismund-Augustus, King of Poland. Acknowledges his Majesty's urgent recommendation of Albert Bischoff, a nobleman of Dantzic, who had faithfully in arms served the King's father, and now seeks to be employed by himself. Although, after the long absence of Albert, the King has no recollection of his services and claims, yet on his coming to England in spring, attention will be paid to such statement of his losses as he shall set forth. [Latin. Broadside. Countersigned by Sir Thomas Chaloner. Copy.]

---- Nov. 26. Gratz. Copy reply by the Emperor Charles V. to the Envoys of the King of Denmark and other Princes, sent to demand that the Landgrave of Hesse should be set at liberty. His Majesty eludes the application, declaring that he will communicate his resolution thereof to Duke Maurice, on his arrival at Inspruck, where he is shortly expected. Letters from the camp in Transylvania of the 11th inst. state that Castaldo has resolved to dismantle the castle of Lippa. Calderon, the Spanish captain, who brought the news of the capture of that fortress to the King, was presented with a chain of 300 ducats, and then was sent into Italy to bring Spaniards hither, but he will first go to the Emperor to determine the number to be brought. The members of the Diet have resolved to give his Majesty a fourth of their income for a year, and to maintain 600 horse armed for three years; they have not agreed to the tax on wine, for the same reasons as the Austrians, but should his Majesty not be satisfied with a fourth, it is believed that he will obtain the same concession from them as he has from the Austrians. The result of the diet, it is said, will be for three years much more than half a million of florins, and with this subsidy his Majesty will set out for Vienna within two days, after despatching the Commissioners to Carinthia and Carniola. [Latin and Italian. Two pages.]

---- Nov. 26. Brussels. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to Sir William Cecil. Returns thanks for Cecil's attention to his private affairs, and requests Cecil to be mean for him to Lord Pembroke, that he may enjoy the money of his warrant stayed by his Lordship for the thing of which he is as ignorant as the child to-night born; as he has written to his Lordship long since. [One page.]

---- Nov. 25. Paris. Sir William Pickering to the Duke of Northumberland. Had intended to have despatched Mr. Elrington with these letters, but considering that he would meet Francisco on the way, travelling with the Lord Admiral, and that they are of great importance, has written to the Admiral requesting that he will allow Francisco to carry them with the utmost expedition to the Council. [One page.]

---- Nov. 28. Paris. Same to Sir William Cecil. Requesting that a passport may be sent by the next courier for John Lord Erskine, who stayeth only for the coming thereof, and crieth out upon him. [One page.] ----

Dec. 2. The Council to the Lord High Admiral Clinton. Francisco arrived with his letters on Monday forenoon. Request that, if his health will permit, he will personally present his Majesty's gift to the Princess Elizabeth, now at Blois. Acquaint him with the proceedings of the trial and sentence of the Duke of Somerset. The French Ambassador has this day received from his Majesty the ratification of the treaty. The King sends by the bearer a chain of gold of the value of 300 crowns and upwards, to be presented by the Admiral to Mons. De l'Aubespine, the French King's Secretary, with his Majesty's thanks for the goodwill and diligence always used by Mons. De l'Aubespine towards the affairs of this realm. [Three pages. Draft. Printed, disjointedly, by Tytler, Vol. ii., pp. 63, 97.]

----

Dec. 4. Fontainebleau. Henry II., King of France, to King Edward VI. Thanking his Majesty for the handsome present of horses brought by Sir Jacques Granado. [Countersigned by De l'Aubespine. French. Broadside.]

---- Dec. 4. Brussels. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to Sir William Cecil. Thanks him for his letter just received, and refers for particulars to his common letters until he has more leisure to reply, meanwhile will not forget the things which he recommended to him. Requests him to be mean unto Lord Pembroke for his money stayed by his Lordship in Mr. Mildmay's hands, for he has great need thereof, and especially now that the Queen doth remove, which will cost him every day 12 shillings in lodgings only, besides carriage. If his Lordship will take his bill to answer the thing claimed at all times, so far as can it be proved he received ought of the same iron mill, and so let him enjoy his money, he would be much bound to his Lordship. [One page.]

--- Dec. 5. Venice. Peter Vannes to the Council. Concerning the loss of the ship Ragazona. [Two pages. This letter is a verbatim copy of that to the Council of 24th November previous.]

--- 

Dec 15. The Lord High Admiral Clinton to the Council. On Monday se'ennight left the Court, and came to Paris in the hope of recovering his health, but has been compelled to substitute Sir William Pickering for presenting the King's gift to the Princess Elizabeth, and this day takes his journey towards Calais, being evil able to travel, having a double quartan. The gift presented to him by the French King is in value 3,400 crowns, all in gilt plate, saving two small cups of gold, which make up the just sum aforesaid. [Two pages. Printed by Tytler, Vol. ii., p. 100.]

---- Dec. 15. Paris.Sir William Pickering to same. With reference to the contents of their letter of 24th October last, relating to the complaints of certain English merchants in Normandy, the Constable has directed the Baron de la Garde to inquire into the circumstances and give redress. In consequence of his continued illness, the Lord Admiral is obliged to leave Paris this day, and has delivered to Pickering a diamond ring, to be presented by him to the Princess Elizabeth as a token from his Majesty, likewise a chain of the value of 300 crowns for M. De l'Aubespine. It is rumoured that M. de Vendôme has received an overthrow in an enterprise he made upon a town on the frontiers. [Two pages.]

----- Dec. 15. St. Denis. Same to Sir William Cecil. Has presently put to binding for him three books: Euclid with the figures in a small volume, and two discourses, one of Machiavelli, the other of Mons. Long. Does not know of any new works, but of one out of Italy, which is not got abroad, but shall be sent as soon as it comes into his hands. If the logical demonstration whereof Cecil lately wrote were converted into geometrical, he should surely have good cause to praise much that metamorphosis. Seeing he is but a curse craver, and a much worse beggar, reason requireth the plan should be considered; and he thinketh high time, for here all things pass pour l'argent comptant; and though he has hitherto deserved nothing, yet that he sink not before he may deserve, prays Cecil to procure that he may have the one, or that he may shortly be quit of the other. Has just received Cecil's and Hoby's letter touching a Scottish suit, which he shall attend to at convenient season. Requests a passport for Lord Tillebarne [Tullibardine], with 10 servants and their baggage. [One page]

---- Dec. 19. Harburg. Baron Joachim Maltzan to King Edward VI. Had been sent to England as Envoy from the Duke of Mecklenburg, but when about 20 German miles from Harburg had encountered such a storm as drove them back. Being unwilling at this season of the year to expose himself again to the like danger, he has sent his credentials to Master Alasco. [Latin. One page. Indorsed by Cecil.]

---- Dec. 21. Vilna. Sigismund-Augustus, King of Poland, to same. John à Werden, Burgrave and Consul of Dantzic, has complained that the factor of Adrian and Michael Koesler, his sons-in-law, whom they maintained at the public Hanse house of London, called the Schtalhow [Steelyard], had been maliciously accused of having, when alive, traded contrary to the privileges of the Teutonic Hanse, and in derogation of the King of England's customs; wherefore all the goods which they have in the cities of London and Hollen [Hull] had been arrested. Of this they are quite innocent, relying on the integrity of the proceedings, and desire to clear themselves not only by the mandatory whom they have sent for that purpose, but also personally if needs be. His Majesty therefore requires a safe-conduct and audience for them, and if they have in any way through ignorance offended, begs that they may be forgiven. [Latin. One page.]

--- Dec. 24. Strasburg. Christopher Mount to Sir William Petre and Sir William Cecil. It appears that the Emperor will return from the deliberations of the Council to arms in Germany. It is now a year since a similar tragedy seemed to be in preparation for the country of Bremen; but the first actors of that play were engaged to sustain the tragic and heroic characters, the present performers seem to have stronger thews and sinews. The unexpected denouement of this play is, that they who took up arms for the clergy now seem about to oppose the bishops, but it is this change for which they have peremptorily cited the Lutheran fathers to Trent. [Latin. Half a page.]

---- Dec. 25. Paris. Sir William Pickering to Sir William Cecil. The books whereof he wrote in his last are now converted into a New Testament in Greek; l'Horloge de Princes; le Discours de la Guerre de Laugnay, and notes to the Ethics of Aristotle in Italian, which will be conveyed by this merchant courier. Had the bookbinder kept faith, others would have accompanied them, which for lack of leisure could not be finished according to Pickering's mind, as the binder's haste may be perceived by one of those sent being neither ruled nor washed. God give him the quartan! This day he departs by two posts to Blois, to deliver the King's token; this should have been done sooner, if it had not been for lack of a good shift in coming by crowns to convey him thither. Many letters have promised him plenty one day, but qui spe aluntur pendunt non vivunt; neither may such promises bring a man two leagues towards his next bait in this country. If he were where he might sell his land he would not lack; but fac ut revertat, aut ut hic vivere possit, like his man whose he is. Incloses the French King's letter in behalf of the two merchants concerning whom Cecil and Hoby wrote. Also copy of the Constable's letter, whereby he may perceive the speedy dispatch of the English merchants' matters in these quarters. His lean uncle Sir Robert Ughtred returns with the next despatch, both on business of his own and Pickering's. Recommends him strongly to Cecil's attention, as "the King hath many bigger bodies, but a truer heart in my conscience he hath not in his realm, nor a meeter man to serve in any charge he shall be commended to." The bearer hereof is "the merchants' post and a very knave withal. He would by no means carry these books under six crowns, which I have given him. He would have persuaded me that these were only the occasion of his going by the posts; when I knew him to have received his hire of these merchants before, to be in London upon New Year's Even. If he arrive not in time, hang him, according to the bargain made with me. Faustum tibi precor hunc novum annum futurum cum ceteris omnibus." [Two pages.]

---- Dec. 29. Bruges. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to Sir William Cecil. Had received his two letters. Hears that the ships are safely arrived in England. Being of Cecil's opinion that no more wealth can be devised for England than peace and quietness while the King is young, does all in his power to persuade to amity both here and everywhere. Hears that the Queen will now lead him to Antwerp, where he hopes to find the figures Cecil wishes, and which he has been unable to procure either here or at Brussels. Requests that he may have instructions from the Council how to answer some of the English merchants at Calais and London, who desire to have the Queen's safe-conduct to carry herrings and other wares hence to France, which are here prohibited as well to their own subjects as to the English, except by special licence and paying eight in the 120 shillings upon a last besides over and above the ordinary customs. From this by the Intercourse the merchants should be exempt, and have their traffic free. [Three pages.]

---- Dec. 29. Paris. Sir William Pickering to same. Had received with his letter of the 22d that of his Majesty's addressed to the French King, which shall shortly be delivered. The reason of his long absence from the Court may be seen by his letters to the Council, whereby will be understood his just need. Hopes the books sent by a merchant's courier arrived in good time. As for Euclid and Machiavelli, they were so buggerly bound that he burnt them both. The King returns from Blois on the 22d of January. Cecil's friendly letters to Mr. Barnaby [Fitzpatrick] were no less praiseworthy, than a very sign of his good affection towards him. His good and gentle nature, so much inclined to virtue, promises the utter performance of all that the letter requires at his hands. Doubts not a deal but that he will follow to the uttermost point all the good exhortations. [One page and a half.]

---- Dec. 31. Bruges. Sir Thomas Chamberlain to Sir William Cecil. Recommends the bearer, Peter Paule, a mariner of this country, who during the last wars before Boulogne served the King with his ship, conveying things to and fro, for which he does not complain to be unpaid and unsatisfied, but because at one time he chanced to be taken by the French, which has been costly to him diverse ways, would crave either the King's licence to carry out certain beer or otherwise. [One page.] Notes of the several points negotiated by Sir Thomas Chamberlain in Flanders in 1551. (Extracted from the correspondence of Chamberlain between 23d October and 31st December 1551, in comparatively modern writing.) [Three pages.]

"Summaria Relatio Controversiæ inter Cæsarem et Regem Romanorum." Statement of the claims advanced by the King of the Romans in reference to his rights arising out of the succession of his father and mother, and answers thereto on part of the Emperor. [Latin. Nine pages. Copy.]

The names of the colonels and number of cavalry which Albert Marquis of Brandenburg has retained for the service of the King of England, in all 3,900. [German. One page.]

Annexed, The same in French. [One page.] Indorsed, "The names of the men of warr and coronnells of Brandenb."

[sexxphilly]

Monday Gallery

Welcome to your favorite weekly feature. Monday NSFW Gallery is about enjoying images of sexuality and human bodies in all their diversity. We talk about sex constantly, but in very limited ways and often forgetting that the whole point: a celebration of pleasure and beauty. So enjoy, but make sure you open this thing in a space where it won’t be awkward. Questions? Comments? Violent reactions?…

[dustedmagazine]

Dust, Volume 5, Number 7

Cy Dune’s Seth Olinsky

It’s summer time finally, and who wants to be bothered with 3000-word essays on the obscure but worthy? Not us, we want shorter reviews for longer days. We’ve got cannonballs to do off lake piers, carbonized meat to ingest, cold brews to drink. So that we can get back to all that, we deliver a robust Dust with the usual mix of garage rockers, Chicago improv’ers, acoustic finger-pickers, up and comers and lately revived-ers.  We hope you enjoy it, sitting out there on your deck or fire escape or stoop...and don’t forget the sun screen.  Contributors this time include Andrew Forell, Ben Remsen, Justin Cober-Lake, Jennifer Kelly, Isaac Olson, Bill Meyer and Jonathan Shaw.    

Martin Brandlmayr — Vive Les Fantômes (Thrill Jockey)

Austrian drummer/composer Martin Brandlmayr’s award winning radio opera Vive Les Fantômes (Long live the Ghosts) combines spoken word and jazz samples with experimental electronics and percussion to create a dialogue across time and genres between Brandlmayr and some of his influences including Thelonious Monk, Miles Davis, Billie Holiday, Jacques Derrida and Hitchcock’s Vertigo. Snatches of live music - a trumpet tuning up, a piano run – emerge between Brandlmayr’s understated free drumming, subtle electronics and the occasional bracing burst of noise. Monk talks sound, Miles issues instructions, and Derrida answers the telephone to speak with an unheard interlocutor. Over an engaging 53 minutes samples repeat in various juxtapositions to create relationships and emphasize their mutability. The spectral voices of long gone cultural giants speak of human frailty and the strength of the creative act. Vive Les Fantômes poignantly addresses memory and mortality. The piece closes on Derrida speaking for the first time in English “OK, I’ll be very glad to meet you. Goodbye.” Et Fin.

Andrew Forell

Burial — Claustro/State Forest (Hyperdub) 

Claustro / State Forest by Burial

William Bevan AKA Burial changed the face of electronica with the release of his eponymous debut album in 2006. His take on dubstep, jungle and ambient continues to influence producers, and his releases are highly anticipated. This first release since 2017 distills the elements that have enthralled and intrigued since the debut. A-side “Claustro” returns to Burial’s roots in jungle and rave. Vinyl crackle coats a four-to-the-floor shuffle and a vocal sample repeats in glorious swells of billowing, cloud-like sounds. It’s exhilarating albeit tinged with Burial’s signature yearning melancholy before it drops, dissolves into twinkling stars “Are you ready?” repeats and then “This song goes out to that boy.” before it kicks back in with an almost cheesy refrain “I got my eye on you, tonight.” which in turn fades back to crackle. “State Forest” is a completely different beast. A rich ambient narrative rich in atmospherics, found sounds and keening waves of synths creeping through a desolate landscape of shadow and dread. The funereal pace unfolds with miniscule details — broken twigs underfoot, drips of rain, quiet exhalations — then sudden silence. Burial places the listener in this environment, observant if not omnipotent or omnipresent, like the narrator of a classic Antinovel. Yet “State Forest” is not alienating or discursive. It shows rather than explains — a direct experience like a Beckett tale. It is his most effective piece of music since “Come Down to Us” and its obliqueness is the key to its power.  

Andrew Forell

Cy Dune — Desert (Lightning)

Akron/Family blended so many influences during their ten-year run that they avoided easy classification. With the collaborative nature of the group and its members switching instruments, it was hard to know what came from who, or whether the whole thing was just a bit of folky synergy. Then the band split up, and the years passed. Dana Janssen created Dana Buoy, an unexpected electropop duo more suited for clubs than for Akron/Family's wildernesses. Seth Olinsky, after a couple quick release years ago, emerges now as Cy Dune, with a sound much more in line with the Akron/Family aesthetic.

On Desert, Olinksy's songwriting and guitar playing provide the center of the album, but only to set up the weirdness that surrounds them. The bluesy stomp of “When You Pass Me” puts Cy Dune in the roots tradition, but the jazz influences remain strong enough that it's no surprise that bassist William Parker shows up. “Desert 2” offers chamber oddity, more a sketch than a song, but then “Desert 3” steps into the garage for some rock. Across this short album, Olinsky crams in a five-year hiatus's worth of ideas. The freak-folk of “It Is the Is” closes with some dissonance, a hint of a jazz, and a happy reminder that Cy Dune's desert archives are only beginning to open up.

Justin Cober-Lake

  Angharad Davies / Rie Nakajima / Alice Purton — Dethick (Another Timbre)

What is a score? Sometimes it is a series of staffs marked on lined paper. Sometimes it is a set of images, which may be followed according to varying degrees of specificity. Sometimes it mandates a piece of music down to the smallest detail, sometimes it offers suggestions, and sometimes it gets ignored. It’s common enough for improvisers to select partners based on their musical personalities rather than the instruments they play, so one might say that the selection is a compositional act. In this situation violinist Angharad Davies, cellist Alice Purton and sound artist Rie Nakajima (she plays kinetic devices and found objects) chose to play together for a couple days in a small church in Dethick, England. The choice to play together, the instruments they brought, the chapel’s accouterments and acoustics — that’s the score. The CD’s ten pieces sound like artifacts of a search for possibilities. How close to the language of chamber music, the shared vernacular of the two string players should they hew? How do things sound when you shake them? What does this organ sound like? What will these stone walls and stained glass windows do to the sounds? And what will one player do in the face of each other’s actions? Decisions in the face of puzzlement; that’s how these three women played this score.

Bill Meyer

 Dehd — Water

Water by DEHD

Dehd’s Water is spare and sharp, with ambling jangles of prickly guitar, a thud of bass, a shattering clank of snare on the upbeats. The Chicagoan trio — that’s Jason Balla (of Ne-Hi and Earring), Emily Kempf (of Vail and ex- of Lala Lala) and Eric McGrady — situate their songs within the tradition of scrubbed bare garage clangor, albeit with a rockabilly-ish twang sometimes flaring in the guitar lines. The one lavish, elaborate element is vocals, which twine and descant and swirl around each other, though never with undue precision. “Wild,” which leads off the disc, conjoins their various cracked and yearning voices in complicated points and counterparts, sometimes in lush, romantic sustained notes, others in percussive, time-keeping chants. “Lucky” starts in single-voiced sincerity and erupts into massive, girl-group sha-la-la-las (though some of them sung by men). Balla and Kempf recorded these songs while breaking up as a couple; they currently tour them as exes, which must lend the tunes a bit of extra ragged edge. Perhaps that’s why songs like “On My Side” are so fetching, sung with shredded hurt and blistered melody, but reaching for sweetness and finding it.

Jennifer Kelly

 DJ Lag and Okzharp — Steamrooms EP (Hyperdub)

Steam Rooms EP by DJ Lag and OKZharp

Durban-based South African Gqom producer DJ Lag teams with London’s Okzharp on the raw, percussion-heavy EP Steamrooms, their first collaboration for Hyperdub. The word Gqom, an onomatopoeia based on the Zulu word for ricochet, is said to mimic the sound of hitting a drum. Steamrooms contains none of the joyful lightness one expects from South African house. This is strictly a woozy, dangerous, disorientating amalgamation of heavy militaristic drums, Zulu chants and stabbing synths tempered somewhat by Okzharp’s grimy London influence. The effect is late-night sweaty club as the drugs are wearing off ad euphoria slips into something sinister and unhinged, but it’s undeniably exciting. I can’t go on; I must go on. Steamrooms’ four tracks exhort you to move till you drop. “Nyusa” encapsulates the atmosphere, shrouded in hiss, a funky unadorned synth riff clangs over an exhausted chant from a breathless dancer and drums thud beneath. The end of the night if not the world.

Andrew Forell

  Fetid — Steeping Corporeal Mess (20 Buck Spin)

Steeping Corporeal Mess by Fetid

This new record from Seattle death metal band Fetid may be the essential corrective to our national imaginary’s notion of that city as a monolithic site of liberal social policy, coffee “drinks” with lots of soy and greenwashed, vaguely cosmopolitan modes of cultural production. How many of us remember that Sir Mix-a-Lot, he of boundless enthusiasm for humanity’s anterior, is a Seattle native? Fetid share his interest in the undersides of bodies, and of things. There’s a decidedly intestinal — if not rectal — vibe to the unpleasant cover art for Steeping Corporeal Mess, and songs like “Dripping Subtepidity” and “Reeking Within” indicate a willingness to palpate beneath the Pacific Northwest’s famously moist terrain, to squish and squelch away in its rot and lukewarm organic goo. For a certain kind of listener, this may be the most fun you’ll have with a record this spring. For sure it’ll make you remember why David Lynch chose Washington state for Twin Peaks: who can forget the scene when Agent Cooper slides his long tweezers under Laura Palmer’s fingernail, to pull out a letter “R”? Or how long he has to dig around under there for it?

 Jonathan Shaw

 The French Tips — It's the Tips (Self Released)

It's the Tips by The French Tips

First: if The French Tips come to town, go. They recently toured with fellow Boiseans Built to Spill and blew them off the stage. As for the self-titled, self-released souvenir I took home: it’s got three great songs, (the first three, conveniently) five that are never worse than good, no duds and a lot of potential. It’s an excellent EP padded into honorable debut. The French Tips’ sound is indebted to, among others, Sleater-Kinney and Savages, but their guileless commitment to community, manifested in onstage instrument switches, shared vocal duties, their embrace of disco beats and a fat, confident, bottom end warms up their post-punk sonics considerably. The disco influence is as much spiritual as it is rhythmic: despite their righteous skronk und drang, despite oceanic guitar and bass which rage and release, surge and ebb, flash and hide, this is dance music, music to help you exorcise the bullshit. The French Tips is a bit green, but should they wish to pursue it, this is a band that deserves a record deal. Thesis statement: “Me and my witches about to burn it down”. I hope they do.

Isaac Olson  

 Friendship — Undercurrent (Southern Lord)

Undercurrent by Friendship

In this period of endless sub-sub-genres and hybrid forms in heavy music, it’s refreshing to hear a band with a sound that’s so straightforward. Friendship play hardcore: fast, vicious, intense songs that establish a riff and stick with it. Song titles say a lot: “Punishment,” “Lack,” “Garbage,” “Wrecker.” And so on. They’re succinct. There’s usually a breakdown section. There’s a bunch of d-beat songs. If you average the track lengths, you get almost exactly two minutes. It’s all really loud. They probably play really loud when you see them live. They can probably clear the room pretty quickly. It’s sort of fun that these guys call their band “Friendship.” It’s a good record to play when the neighbors put on Fox News. It’s a good way to say, “I don’t want to be your friend.”

Jonathan Shaw

Froth — Duress (Wichita)

Duress by Froth

It’s been a million years, it seems, since we were captivated by the “Yanni/Laurel” debate, a single murmured phrase that sounded like different things to different people. It was like that baked late-night meandering discussion about whether what I see as red is the same as yours come to life, and it vanished into the ravenous maw of internet culture. Except that Froth, an L.A. band currently on its fourth album, made a song about it, “Laurel,” full of clashing guitars and slow unspooling anarchy and whispery narratives. It could be the softest heavy rocker ever or the loudest twee fuzzed bedroom pop, depending on how you hear it. There’s a constant buzz at the bottom of all Froth’s songs, broken more often than not, by a reach for radiant melody. Froth makes an altogether engaging racket that borrows sleepily from Teenaged Fanclubs, in a fuzz-needled daze from MBV. “77,” the second single throws off the anorak for a denatured krautish groove, while “John Peel Slowly,” an instrumental, sketches a dream-landscape with loose-stringed bass, piano and space noises. Make your own sense of it, though. What you hear is largely up to you.

Jennifer Kelly

 Burton Greene / Damon Smith / Ra Kalam Bob Moses — Life’s Intense Mystery CD (Astral Spirits)

Life's Intense Mystery by Greene / Smith / Moses

If you can translate words into vectors, the name of this album tells you a lot about the forces at work. While pianist Burton Greene and drummer Ra Kalam Bob Moses were born over a decade apart, both were touched by the 1960s’ cosmic spirit. And when you put Patty Waters’ preferred pianist on the same stage with Weasel Walter’s most enduring bassist, intensity is on the agenda. But if you had to boil this music down to one image, it would be the symbol for yin and yang. Opposing forces often complement each other. When the pianist mugs a bit on “Kid Play,” the bass goes with the ferocity of a bull that just figured out that the fight is rigged; and when Moses and Smith dance light and lithe on “Perc-Waves,” Greene deploys some more percussion that asserts an unbudging center of gravity. And if you want to ignore all the metaphors, you can just let yourself fall into the force of this music’s mercurial flow.

Bill Meyer

 Invasive Species — Adapter (Baggage Claim)

Adapter by Invasive Species

You know the story; the drummer takes his solo, and the audience heads out for a beer or a piss. Invasive Species’ LP suggests that the problem isn’t drum music, it’s just that you’ve been listening to the wrong drummers and maybe there aren’t enough of them. Kevin Corcoran and Jon Bafus have been playing together for nine years, performing mostly within the city limits of Sacramento, California. Separately, their affiliations range encompass prog bands, Asian fusion ambient music and improvised exchanges with members of the ROVA Saxophone Quartet. Together, they play music that is concerned less with genre than with the possibilities of two augmented drum kits. Grooves collide and mesh, textures interweave and pull tight, meters multiply and never do these combinations seem designed to show off either musician’s prodigious chops. Rather, they show what a marvelous brain massage intuitively organized beats can provide.

Bill Meyer

  Tyler Keen / Jacob Wick — S-T (Silt Editions)

 Tyler Keen and Jacob Wick may employ different means, but their sounds make sense embedded on either side of a short strip of tape. Both men make noise that gets more complicated the closer you listen to it, and neither particularly needs volume to get noisy. Keen starts out with a blast, but once that subsides unintelligible walkie-talkie chatter, sputtering static, and the sounds of a cassette being snapped into a player pass before your ears. This is restless stuff, paced for the days when you haven’t been able to refill your Adderall RX and can’t be bothered to wait. Wick plays trumpet, probably muted by things they don’t tell you about in jazz school and definitely filtered through the sounds of room and non-invisible recording gear. Fueled by circular breathing that sustains a rarely broken stream of air, Wick’s horn rasps and hisses. Imagine that the sounds of a moth made of steel wool masticating its way through a warehouse full of old army blankets have been transmitted down a gutter and thence onto tape, and you just might imagine the sounds of Wick’s side of this cassette.

This is the second release by Silt Editions, a label with no web footprint aside from an email address (silteditions@gmail.com). At press time, there were still a few copies in various distributors’ stocks. Happy hunting.

Bill Meyer

  Rob Noyes — “You Are Tired” / “Nightmare Study” (Market Square Records)

You Are Tired b/w Nightmare Study by Rob Noyes

There’s no one way to do things, but the 45 rpm single seems tailor-made for playing late at night. “Just one more,” you tell yourself, fishing old records from the shelf and sitting companionably alongside the memories they conjure out of the commingling of sound, mind and the sensate experience of dust transferring from the sleeve to your fingers. “Well, maybe another one.” Rob Noyes is on to your game, and the tune on A-side of the Massachusetts-based 12-string guitar player’s latest record sees through your self-delusion and tells you like it really is. The chiming melody is as ingratiating as a late-night tug on the arm from a loved one. “Aren’t you going to come to bed?” But you’re on a roll, so you flip the record, expecting to hear another cantering tune. That’s when Noyes pulls you down the rabbit hole and into a state of consciousness that the sleep-deprived know only too well. Noyes has mastered a technique that makes him sound like a tape playing backwards even though he’s actually strumming in real time. It’s a neat trick, but it serves a function beyond showing Noyes’ imagination and technical acumen. By plunging the listener into a state of blurry disorientation, it confronts them with the next-day consequences of playing records late into the night.

Bill Meyer

  Pelican — Nighttime Stories (Southern Lord)

Nighttime Stories by Pelican

Pelican’s sixth full-length starts in a pensive mode, an acoustic guitar ushering in “WST.” The guitar belonged to guitarist Dallas Thomas’ lately deceased father, and it sets a somber tone. Death haunts these bludgeoning, moody grooves, giving Nighttime Stories a heaviness that can’t be ascribed purely to guitar tone. Later, in the crushing stomp of “Cold Hope,” Pelican grinds relentlessly, the drums scattershot volleys of explosive angst. “Arteries of Blacktop” is likewise weighted and slow, a massive bass churn slugging it out with viscous sheets of amplified guitar sheen. Yet there’s a great deal of epic, serene gorgeousness, too — in the minor key strumming of “Full Moon, Black Water,” the mathy, knotty acrobatic riffs of “Abyssal Plain,” the slow building drone of “It Stared at Me.” The album title commemorates a friend of the band, Jody Minnoch, who died unexpectedly of heart problems in 2014; he’d meant to use the phrase for a Tusk album, but passed before he could do so. The title track glowers with volcanic life force. Hip deep in mourning and existential query, it celebrates a muscular, triumphant still-here-ness.

Jennifer Kelly

 Spiral Wave Nomads — Spiral Wave Nomads (Feeding Tube / Twin Lakes)

Spiral Wave Nomads by Spiral Wave Nomads

Spiral Wave Nomads is a two man, two state band. Eric Hardiman (guitars, bass, sitar) lives in upstate New York, and drummer Michael Kiefer lives in Connecticut. This means that distances must be traveled if the two of them are to meet face to face, which is how substantial parts of this LP of cosmic instrumentals was made. And what better thing to do as you cross the verdant hills of the Northeastern USA than jam some tunes? Drifting alone to these ascending guitar lines and undulating percussive surges, it’s easy to imagine one or the other Nomad rounding some valley road and flashing on Popol Vuh’s Aguirre. “Was that a fly fisherman standing in the river, or did I see some conquistador on a raft, hollering at the monkeys?” Drift and drive a little longer and they might marvel at the play of striating light across the clouds and associating to some past pleasantly dreamy experiences involving a CD player loaded with Neu and Jimi Hendrix. All of which is a fanciful way to say that these guys sound like they have done their space rock homework, and they put their knowledge to good use on this LP. So don’t throw away the download code; you might want to program your own rural adventure with these tones.

Bill Meyer 

 Chad Taylor — Myths and Morals (Eyes & Ears)

Myths and Morals by Chad Taylor

One day at the end of last summer, Chad Taylor showed what it takes to be an MVP. Over the course of one long, humid Sunday afternoon on a semi-shaded stage at the Chicago Jazz Festival, he played three consecutive sets with three different bands. He sustained the set-length dynamics of Jaime Branch’s Fly or Die, swung muscularly with the Jason Stein Quartet, and managed the mercurial flow of the Eric Revis Quartet. He might have soaked through a shirt, but he never dropped a beat, nor did he ever seem less than tuned in to the particular requirements of those three quite different ensembles.

Myths and Morals most closely corresponds to another of Taylor’s projects, the Chicago Underground Duo. While his equipment is restricted to drum kit and mbira (thumb piano), his compositional imagination is wide open. These pieces may tarry for a moment on some texture or pattern, but for the most part they are studies in constant development. Precision and restraint yield surprise and mystery; the music is so involving and complete that it’s easy to forget that you’re listening to solo percussion.

Bill Meyer

 Chris Welcome and His Orchestra — Beyond All Things (Gauci Music) 

Beyond All Things by Chris Welcome & His Orchestra

A free jazz octet might sound like caviar soup: too much of an indulgent thing. Chris Welcome makes it work here, harnessing the noisy tendencies of this roomful of younger New York players with some light-touch compositional structure and a willingness to swing. In under half an hour, we go from a free-time fanfare highlighting the gestural playing of trumpeter Jaimie Branch and tenorist Sam Weinberg through to a medium-firm groove laid down by bassist Shayna Dulberger and drummer Mike Pride, over which cornetist Kirk Knuffke blows with a coolness so confident that it sounds like the swing feel of the composition was summoned by his playing, not the other way around. Minutes later, that groove gets harder and altoist Anthony Ware delivers a fiery solo while the rest of the horns chatter in the background like they’re doing avant-garde Dixieland (an approach perhaps being alluded to by the appellation “and His Orchestra”). Welcome himself mostly hides behind the sonic bushes, his heavily effected guitar and synthesizer offering eerie interjections and a short woozy solo halfway through the piece. He’s a virtuoso guitarist, but here he gets to be a virtuoso organizer, savvy enough to know the amount of organization called for.

Ben Remsen

[bookingyourtour]

Shaksperes

The way in which it all works into ordinary books is this. The compilers of dictionaries, catalogues, compendiums, vade-mecums, and the like, the writers of newspaper paragraphs and literary announcements, are not only a most industrious, but a most accurate and most alert, race of men. They are ever on the watch for the latest discovery, and the last special work on every conceivable topic.

It is not to be expected that they can go very deeply into each matter themselves; but the latest spelling, the last new commentary, or the newest literary ‘ find,’ is eminently the field of their peculiar work. To them, the man who has abolished the ‘ Battle of Hastings ’ as a popular error must know more about history than any man living; and so, the man who writes Shakspere has apparently the latest lights on the Elizabethan drama. Thus it comes that our ordinary style is rapidly infiltrated with Karls and JE If reds, and Senlacs, Qurans, and Shaksperes; till it becomes at last almost a kind of pedantry to object.

How foolish is the attempt to re-name Shakespeare him-self by the aid of manuscripts ! As every one knows, the name of Shakespeare may be found in contemporary documents in almost every possible form of the letters. Some of these are — Shakespeare, Schakespere, Schakespeire, Shakespeyre, Chacsper, Shakspere, Shakespere, Shakespeere, Shackspear, Shakeseper, Shackespeare, Saxspere, Shack- speere, Shaxeper, Shaxpere, Shaxper, Shaxpeer, Shaxspere, Shakspeare, Shakuspeare, Shakesper, Shaksper, Skackspere, Shakspyr, Shakspear, Shakspeyr, Shackspeare, Shaxkspere, Shackspeyr, Shaxpeare, Shakesphere, Sackesper, Shackspare turkey sightseeing, Shakspeere, Shaxpeare, Shakxsper; Shaxpere, Shakspeyr, Shagspur, and Shaxberd. Here are forty of the contemporary modes of spelling his name. Now are the facsimi- lists prepared to call the great poet of the world by whichever of these, as in a parish election, commands the majority of the written documents? So that, if we have at last to call our immortal bard, Chacsper, or Shaxper, or Shagspur, we must accept it; and in the mean time leave his name as variable as ever his contemporaries did?

Various ways

Shakespeare no doubt, like most persons in that age, wrote his name in various ways. The extant autographs differ; and the signature which is thought to be Shakspere, has been simply misread, and plainly shows another letter. The vast preponderance of evidence establishes that in the printed literature of his time his name was written — Shakespeare. In his first poems, Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, he placed Shakespeare on the title-page So it stands on the folios of 1623 and 1632.

So also it was spelled by his friends in their published works; Ben Jonson, by Bancroft, Bamefield, Willobie, Freeman, Davies, Meres, and Weever. It is certain that his name was pronounced Shake-spear (i.e., as *Shake ‘ and Spear’ were then pronounced) by his literary friends in London. This is shown by the punning lines of Ben Jonson, by those of Bancroft and others; by Greene’s allusion to him as the only Shake-scene; and, lastly, by the canting heraldry of the arms granted to his father in 1599: — ‘In a field of gould upon a bend sables a speare of the first: with crest a ffalcon supporting a speare.’

It is very probable that this grant of arms, about which Dethick, the Garter-King, was blamed and had to defend himself, practically settled the pronunciation as well as the spelling. It is probable that hitherto the family name had not been so spelt or so pronounced in Warwickshire. It is possible that Shake-speare was almost a nick-name, or a familiar stage-name; but, like Erasmus, Melancthon, or Voltaire, he who bore it carried it so into literature. For some centuries downwards, the immense concurrence of writers, English and foreign, has so accepted the name. A great majority of the commentators have adopted the same form: Dyce, Collier, Halliwell-Phillipps, Staunton, W. G. Clark. No one of the principal editors of the poet writes his name ‘Shakspere But so Mr. Furnivall decrees it shall be.

One would have thought so great a preponderance of literary practice need not be disturbed by one or two signatures in manuscript, even if they were perfectly distinct and quite uniform. Yet, such is the march of palaeographic purism, that our great poet is in imminent danger of being translated into Shakspere, and ultimately Shaxper.

[dethickness]

FOLLOW MY IG & X (TWITTER) @ DETHICKNESSLEO

[travelcamp]

Shaksperes

The way in which it all works into ordinary books is this. The compilers of dictionaries, catalogues, compendiums, vade-mecums, and the like, the writers of newspaper paragraphs and literary announcements, are not only a most industrious, but a most accurate and most alert, race of men. They are ever on the watch for the latest discovery, and the last special work on every conceivable topic.

It is not to be expected that they can go very deeply into each matter themselves; but the latest spelling, the last new commentary, or the newest literary ‘ find,’ is eminently the field of their peculiar work. To them, the man who has abolished the ‘ Battle of Hastings ’ as a popular error must know more about history than any man living; and so, the man who writes Shakspere has apparently the latest lights on the Elizabethan drama. Thus it comes that our ordinary style is rapidly infiltrated with Karls and JE If reds, and Senlacs, Qurans, and Shaksperes; till it becomes at last almost a kind of pedantry to object.

How foolish is the attempt to re-name Shakespeare him-self by the aid of manuscripts ! As every one knows, the name of Shakespeare may be found in contemporary documents in almost every possible form of the letters. Some of these are — Shakespeare, Schakespere, Schakespeire, Shakespeyre, Chacsper, Shakspere, Shakespere, Shakespeere, Shackspear, Shakeseper, Shackespeare, Saxspere, Shack- speere, Shaxeper, Shaxpere, Shaxper, Shaxpeer, Shaxspere, Shakspeare, Shakuspeare, Shakesper, Shaksper, Skackspere, Shakspyr, Shakspear, Shakspeyr, Shackspeare, Shaxkspere, Shackspeyr, Shaxpeare, Shakesphere, Sackesper, Shackspare turkey sightseeing, Shakspeere, Shaxpeare, Shakxsper; Shaxpere, Shakspeyr, Shagspur, and Shaxberd. Here are forty of the contemporary modes of spelling his name. Now are the facsimi- lists prepared to call the great poet of the world by whichever of these, as in a parish election, commands the majority of the written documents? So that, if we have at last to call our immortal bard, Chacsper, or Shaxper, or Shagspur, we must accept it; and in the mean time leave his name as variable as ever his contemporaries did?

Various ways

Shakespeare no doubt, like most persons in that age, wrote his name in various ways. The extant autographs differ; and the signature which is thought to be Shakspere, has been simply misread, and plainly shows another letter. The vast preponderance of evidence establishes that in the printed literature of his time his name was written — Shakespeare. In his first poems, Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, he placed Shakespeare on the title-page So it stands on the folios of 1623 and 1632.

So also it was spelled by his friends in their published works; Ben Jonson, by Bancroft, Bamefield, Willobie, Freeman, Davies, Meres, and Weever. It is certain that his name was pronounced Shake-spear (i.e., as *Shake ‘ and Spear’ were then pronounced) by his literary friends in London. This is shown by the punning lines of Ben Jonson, by those of Bancroft and others; by Greene’s allusion to him as the only Shake-scene; and, lastly, by the canting heraldry of the arms granted to his father in 1599: — ‘In a field of gould upon a bend sables a speare of the first: with crest a ffalcon supporting a speare.’

It is very probable that this grant of arms, about which Dethick, the Garter-King, was blamed and had to defend himself, practically settled the pronunciation as well as the spelling. It is probable that hitherto the family name had not been so spelt or so pronounced in Warwickshire. It is possible that Shake-speare was almost a nick-name, or a familiar stage-name; but, like Erasmus, Melancthon, or Voltaire, he who bore it carried it so into literature. For some centuries downwards, the immense concurrence of writers, English and foreign, has so accepted the name. A great majority of the commentators have adopted the same form: Dyce, Collier, Halliwell-Phillipps, Staunton, W. G. Clark. No one of the principal editors of the poet writes his name ‘Shakspere But so Mr. Furnivall decrees it shall be.

One would have thought so great a preponderance of literary practice need not be disturbed by one or two signatures in manuscript, even if they were perfectly distinct and quite uniform. Yet, such is the march of palaeographic purism, that our great poet is in imminent danger of being translated into Shakspere, and ultimately Shaxper.

[banskotravels]

Shaksperes

The way in which it all works into ordinary books is this. The compilers of dictionaries, catalogues, compendiums, vade-mecums, and the like, the writers of newspaper paragraphs and literary announcements, are not only a most industrious, but a most accurate and most alert, race of men. They are ever on the watch for the latest discovery, and the last special work on every conceivable topic.

It is not to be expected that they can go very deeply into each matter themselves; but the latest spelling, the last new commentary, or the newest literary ‘ find,’ is eminently the field of their peculiar work. To them, the man who has abolished the ‘ Battle of Hastings ’ as a popular error must know more about history than any man living; and so, the man who writes Shakspere has apparently the latest lights on the Elizabethan drama. Thus it comes that our ordinary style is rapidly infiltrated with Karls and JE If reds, and Senlacs, Qurans, and Shaksperes; till it becomes at last almost a kind of pedantry to object.

How foolish is the attempt to re-name Shakespeare him-self by the aid of manuscripts ! As every one knows, the name of Shakespeare may be found in contemporary documents in almost every possible form of the letters. Some of these are — Shakespeare, Schakespere, Schakespeire, Shakespeyre, Chacsper, Shakspere, Shakespere, Shakespeere, Shackspear, Shakeseper, Shackespeare, Saxspere, Shack- speere, Shaxeper, Shaxpere, Shaxper, Shaxpeer, Shaxspere, Shakspeare, Shakuspeare, Shakesper, Shaksper, Skackspere, Shakspyr, Shakspear, Shakspeyr, Shackspeare, Shaxkspere, Shackspeyr, Shaxpeare, Shakesphere, Sackesper, Shackspare turkey sightseeing, Shakspeere, Shaxpeare, Shakxsper; Shaxpere, Shakspeyr, Shagspur, and Shaxberd. Here are forty of the contemporary modes of spelling his name. Now are the facsimi- lists prepared to call the great poet of the world by whichever of these, as in a parish election, commands the majority of the written documents? So that, if we have at last to call our immortal bard, Chacsper, or Shaxper, or Shagspur, we must accept it; and in the mean time leave his name as variable as ever his contemporaries did?

Various ways

Shakespeare no doubt, like most persons in that age, wrote his name in various ways. The extant autographs differ; and the signature which is thought to be Shakspere, has been simply misread, and plainly shows another letter. The vast preponderance of evidence establishes that in the printed literature of his time his name was written — Shakespeare. In his first poems, Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, he placed Shakespeare on the title-page So it stands on the folios of 1623 and 1632.

So also it was spelled by his friends in their published works; Ben Jonson, by Bancroft, Bamefield, Willobie, Freeman, Davies, Meres, and Weever. It is certain that his name was pronounced Shake-spear (i.e., as *Shake ‘ and Spear’ were then pronounced) by his literary friends in London. This is shown by the punning lines of Ben Jonson, by those of Bancroft and others; by Greene’s allusion to him as the only Shake-scene; and, lastly, by the canting heraldry of the arms granted to his father in 1599: — ‘In a field of gould upon a bend sables a speare of the first: with crest a ffalcon supporting a speare.’

It is very probable that this grant of arms, about which Dethick, the Garter-King, was blamed and had to defend himself, practically settled the pronunciation as well as the spelling. It is probable that hitherto the family name had not been so spelt or so pronounced in Warwickshire. It is possible that Shake-speare was almost a nick-name, or a familiar stage-name; but, like Erasmus, Melancthon, or Voltaire, he who bore it carried it so into literature. For some centuries downwards, the immense concurrence of writers, English and foreign, has so accepted the name. A great majority of the commentators have adopted the same form: Dyce, Collier, Halliwell-Phillipps, Staunton, W. G. Clark. No one of the principal editors of the poet writes his name ‘Shakspere But so Mr. Furnivall decrees it shall be.

One would have thought so great a preponderance of literary practice need not be disturbed by one or two signatures in manuscript, even if they were perfectly distinct and quite uniform. Yet, such is the march of palaeographic purism, that our great poet is in imminent danger of being translated into Shakspere, and ultimately Shaxper.

[skiholidaysbg]

Shaksperes

The way in which it all works into ordinary books is this. The compilers of dictionaries, catalogues, compendiums, vade-mecums, and the like, the writers of newspaper paragraphs and literary announcements, are not only a most industrious, but a most accurate and most alert, race of men. They are ever on the watch for the latest discovery, and the last special work on every conceivable topic.

It is not to be expected that they can go very deeply into each matter themselves; but the latest spelling, the last new commentary, or the newest literary ‘ find,’ is eminently the field of their peculiar work. To them, the man who has abolished the ‘ Battle of Hastings ’ as a popular error must know more about history than any man living; and so, the man who writes Shakspere has apparently the latest lights on the Elizabethan drama. Thus it comes that our ordinary style is rapidly infiltrated with Karls and JE If reds, and Senlacs, Qurans, and Shaksperes; till it becomes at last almost a kind of pedantry to object.

How foolish is the attempt to re-name Shakespeare him-self by the aid of manuscripts ! As every one knows, the name of Shakespeare may be found in contemporary documents in almost every possible form of the letters. Some of these are — Shakespeare, Schakespere, Schakespeire, Shakespeyre, Chacsper, Shakspere, Shakespere, Shakespeere, Shackspear, Shakeseper, Shackespeare, Saxspere, Shack- speere, Shaxeper, Shaxpere, Shaxper, Shaxpeer, Shaxspere, Shakspeare, Shakuspeare, Shakesper, Shaksper, Skackspere, Shakspyr, Shakspear, Shakspeyr, Shackspeare, Shaxkspere, Shackspeyr, Shaxpeare, Shakesphere, Sackesper, Shackspare turkey sightseeing, Shakspeere, Shaxpeare, Shakxsper; Shaxpere, Shakspeyr, Shagspur, and Shaxberd. Here are forty of the contemporary modes of spelling his name. Now are the facsimi- lists prepared to call the great poet of the world by whichever of these, as in a parish election, commands the majority of the written documents? So that, if we have at last to call our immortal bard, Chacsper, or Shaxper, or Shagspur, we must accept it; and in the mean time leave his name as variable as ever his contemporaries did?

Various ways

Shakespeare no doubt, like most persons in that age, wrote his name in various ways. The extant autographs differ; and the signature which is thought to be Shakspere, has been simply misread, and plainly shows another letter. The vast preponderance of evidence establishes that in the printed literature of his time his name was written — Shakespeare. In his first poems, Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, he placed Shakespeare on the title-page So it stands on the folios of 1623 and 1632.

So also it was spelled by his friends in their published works; Ben Jonson, by Bancroft, Bamefield, Willobie, Freeman, Davies, Meres, and Weever. It is certain that his name was pronounced Shake-spear (i.e., as *Shake ‘ and Spear’ were then pronounced) by his literary friends in London. This is shown by the punning lines of Ben Jonson, by those of Bancroft and others; by Greene’s allusion to him as the only Shake-scene; and, lastly, by the canting heraldry of the arms granted to his father in 1599: — ‘In a field of gould upon a bend sables a speare of the first: with crest a ffalcon supporting a speare.’

It is very probable that this grant of arms, about which Dethick, the Garter-King, was blamed and had to defend himself, practically settled the pronunciation as well as the spelling. It is probable that hitherto the family name had not been so spelt or so pronounced in Warwickshire. It is possible that Shake-speare was almost a nick-name, or a familiar stage-name; but, like Erasmus, Melancthon, or Voltaire, he who bore it carried it so into literature. For some centuries downwards, the immense concurrence of writers, English and foreign, has so accepted the name. A great majority of the commentators have adopted the same form: Dyce, Collier, Halliwell-Phillipps, Staunton, W. G. Clark. No one of the principal editors of the poet writes his name ‘Shakspere But so Mr. Furnivall decrees it shall be.

One would have thought so great a preponderance of literary practice need not be disturbed by one or two signatures in manuscript, even if they were perfectly distinct and quite uniform. Yet, such is the march of palaeographic purism, that our great poet is in imminent danger of being translated into Shakspere, and ultimately Shaxper.

[sofiatravels]

Shaksperes

The way in which it all works into ordinary books is this. The compilers of dictionaries, catalogues, compendiums, vade-mecums, and the like, the writers of newspaper paragraphs and literary announcements, are not only a most industrious, but a most accurate and most alert, race of men. They are ever on the watch for the latest discovery, and the last special work on every conceivable topic.

It is not to be expected that they can go very deeply into each matter themselves; but the latest spelling, the last new commentary, or the newest literary ‘ find,’ is eminently the field of their peculiar work. To them, the man who has abolished the ‘ Battle of Hastings ’ as a popular error must know more about history than any man living; and so, the man who writes Shakspere has apparently the latest lights on the Elizabethan drama. Thus it comes that our ordinary style is rapidly infiltrated with Karls and JE If reds, and Senlacs, Qurans, and Shaksperes; till it becomes at last almost a kind of pedantry to object.

How foolish is the attempt to re-name Shakespeare him-self by the aid of manuscripts ! As every one knows, the name of Shakespeare may be found in contemporary documents in almost every possible form of the letters. Some of these are — Shakespeare, Schakespere, Schakespeire, Shakespeyre, Chacsper, Shakspere, Shakespere, Shakespeere, Shackspear, Shakeseper, Shackespeare, Saxspere, Shack- speere, Shaxeper, Shaxpere, Shaxper, Shaxpeer, Shaxspere, Shakspeare, Shakuspeare, Shakesper, Shaksper, Skackspere, Shakspyr, Shakspear, Shakspeyr, Shackspeare, Shaxkspere, Shackspeyr, Shaxpeare, Shakesphere, Sackesper, Shackspare turkey sightseeing, Shakspeere, Shaxpeare, Shakxsper; Shaxpere, Shakspeyr, Shagspur, and Shaxberd. Here are forty of the contemporary modes of spelling his name. Now are the facsimi- lists prepared to call the great poet of the world by whichever of these, as in a parish election, commands the majority of the written documents? So that, if we have at last to call our immortal bard, Chacsper, or Shaxper, or Shagspur, we must accept it; and in the mean time leave his name as variable as ever his contemporaries did?

Various ways

Shakespeare no doubt, like most persons in that age, wrote his name in various ways. The extant autographs differ; and the signature which is thought to be Shakspere, has been simply misread, and plainly shows another letter. The vast preponderance of evidence establishes that in the printed literature of his time his name was written — Shakespeare. In his first poems, Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, he placed Shakespeare on the title-page So it stands on the folios of 1623 and 1632.

So also it was spelled by his friends in their published works; Ben Jonson, by Bancroft, Bamefield, Willobie, Freeman, Davies, Meres, and Weever. It is certain that his name was pronounced Shake-spear (i.e., as *Shake ‘ and Spear’ were then pronounced) by his literary friends in London. This is shown by the punning lines of Ben Jonson, by those of Bancroft and others; by Greene’s allusion to him as the only Shake-scene; and, lastly, by the canting heraldry of the arms granted to his father in 1599: — ‘In a field of gould upon a bend sables a speare of the first: with crest a ffalcon supporting a speare.’

It is very probable that this grant of arms, about which Dethick, the Garter-King, was blamed and had to defend himself, practically settled the pronunciation as well as the spelling. It is probable that hitherto the family name had not been so spelt or so pronounced in Warwickshire. It is possible that Shake-speare was almost a nick-name, or a familiar stage-name; but, like Erasmus, Melancthon, or Voltaire, he who bore it carried it so into literature. For some centuries downwards, the immense concurrence of writers, English and foreign, has so accepted the name. A great majority of the commentators have adopted the same form: Dyce, Collier, Halliwell-Phillipps, Staunton, W. G. Clark. No one of the principal editors of the poet writes his name ‘Shakspere But so Mr. Furnivall decrees it shall be.

One would have thought so great a preponderance of literary practice need not be disturbed by one or two signatures in manuscript, even if they were perfectly distinct and quite uniform. Yet, such is the march of palaeographic purism, that our great poet is in imminent danger of being translated into Shakspere, and ultimately Shaxper.

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Shaksperes

The way in which it all works into ordinary books is this. The compilers of dictionaries, catalogues, compendiums, vade-mecums, and the like, the writers of newspaper paragraphs and literary announcements, are not only a most industrious, but a most accurate and most alert, race of men. They are ever on the watch for the latest discovery, and the last special work on every conceivable topic.

It is not to be expected that they can go very deeply into each matter themselves; but the latest spelling, the last new commentary, or the newest literary ‘ find,’ is eminently the field of their peculiar work. To them, the man who has abolished the ‘ Battle of Hastings ’ as a popular error must know more about history than any man living; and so, the man who writes Shakspere has apparently the latest lights on the Elizabethan drama. Thus it comes that our ordinary style is rapidly infiltrated with Karls and JE If reds, and Senlacs, Qurans, and Shaksperes; till it becomes at last almost a kind of pedantry to object.

How foolish is the attempt to re-name Shakespeare him-self by the aid of manuscripts ! As every one knows, the name of Shakespeare may be found in contemporary documents in almost every possible form of the letters. Some of these are — Shakespeare, Schakespere, Schakespeire, Shakespeyre, Chacsper, Shakspere, Shakespere, Shakespeere, Shackspear, Shakeseper, Shackespeare, Saxspere, Shack- speere, Shaxeper, Shaxpere, Shaxper, Shaxpeer, Shaxspere, Shakspeare, Shakuspeare, Shakesper, Shaksper, Skackspere, Shakspyr, Shakspear, Shakspeyr, Shackspeare, Shaxkspere, Shackspeyr, Shaxpeare, Shakesphere, Sackesper, Shackspare turkey sightseeing, Shakspeere, Shaxpeare, Shakxsper; Shaxpere, Shakspeyr, Shagspur, and Shaxberd. Here are forty of the contemporary modes of spelling his name. Now are the facsimi- lists prepared to call the great poet of the world by whichever of these, as in a parish election, commands the majority of the written documents? So that, if we have at last to call our immortal bard, Chacsper, or Shaxper, or Shagspur, we must accept it; and in the mean time leave his name as variable as ever his contemporaries did?

Various ways

Shakespeare no doubt, like most persons in that age, wrote his name in various ways. The extant autographs differ; and the signature which is thought to be Shakspere, has been simply misread, and plainly shows another letter. The vast preponderance of evidence establishes that in the printed literature of his time his name was written — Shakespeare. In his first poems, Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, he placed Shakespeare on the title-page So it stands on the folios of 1623 and 1632.

So also it was spelled by his friends in their published works; Ben Jonson, by Bancroft, Bamefield, Willobie, Freeman, Davies, Meres, and Weever. It is certain that his name was pronounced Shake-spear (i.e., as *Shake ‘ and Spear’ were then pronounced) by his literary friends in London. This is shown by the punning lines of Ben Jonson, by those of Bancroft and others; by Greene’s allusion to him as the only Shake-scene; and, lastly, by the canting heraldry of the arms granted to his father in 1599: — ‘In a field of gould upon a bend sables a speare of the first: with crest a ffalcon supporting a speare.’

It is very probable that this grant of arms, about which Dethick, the Garter-King, was blamed and had to defend himself, practically settled the pronunciation as well as the spelling. It is probable that hitherto the family name had not been so spelt or so pronounced in Warwickshire. It is possible that Shake-speare was almost a nick-name, or a familiar stage-name; but, like Erasmus, Melancthon, or Voltaire, he who bore it carried it so into literature. For some centuries downwards, the immense concurrence of writers, English and foreign, has so accepted the name. A great majority of the commentators have adopted the same form: Dyce, Collier, Halliwell-Phillipps, Staunton, W. G. Clark. No one of the principal editors of the poet writes his name ‘Shakspere But so Mr. Furnivall decrees it shall be.

One would have thought so great a preponderance of literary practice need not be disturbed by one or two signatures in manuscript, even if they were perfectly distinct and quite uniform. Yet, such is the march of palaeographic purism, that our great poet is in imminent danger of being translated into Shakspere, and ultimately Shaxper.

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Shaksperes

The way in which it all works into ordinary books is this. The compilers of dictionaries, catalogues, compendiums, vade-mecums, and the like, the writers of newspaper paragraphs and literary announcements, are not only a most industrious, but a most accurate and most alert, race of men. They are ever on the watch for the latest discovery, and the last special work on every conceivable topic.

It is not to be expected that they can go very deeply into each matter themselves; but the latest spelling, the last new commentary, or the newest literary ‘ find,’ is eminently the field of their peculiar work. To them, the man who has abolished the ‘ Battle of Hastings ’ as a popular error must know more about history than any man living; and so, the man who writes Shakspere has apparently the latest lights on the Elizabethan drama. Thus it comes that our ordinary style is rapidly infiltrated with Karls and JE If reds, and Senlacs, Qurans, and Shaksperes; till it becomes at last almost a kind of pedantry to object.

How foolish is the attempt to re-name Shakespeare him-self by the aid of manuscripts ! As every one knows, the name of Shakespeare may be found in contemporary documents in almost every possible form of the letters. Some of these are — Shakespeare, Schakespere, Schakespeire, Shakespeyre, Chacsper, Shakspere, Shakespere, Shakespeere, Shackspear, Shakeseper, Shackespeare, Saxspere, Shack- speere, Shaxeper, Shaxpere, Shaxper, Shaxpeer, Shaxspere, Shakspeare, Shakuspeare, Shakesper, Shaksper, Skackspere, Shakspyr, Shakspear, Shakspeyr, Shackspeare, Shaxkspere, Shackspeyr, Shaxpeare, Shakesphere, Sackesper, Shackspare turkey sightseeing, Shakspeere, Shaxpeare, Shakxsper; Shaxpere, Shakspeyr, Shagspur, and Shaxberd. Here are forty of the contemporary modes of spelling his name. Now are the facsimi- lists prepared to call the great poet of the world by whichever of these, as in a parish election, commands the majority of the written documents? So that, if we have at last to call our immortal bard, Chacsper, or Shaxper, or Shagspur, we must accept it; and in the mean time leave his name as variable as ever his contemporaries did?

Various ways

Shakespeare no doubt, like most persons in that age, wrote his name in various ways. The extant autographs differ; and the signature which is thought to be Shakspere, has been simply misread, and plainly shows another letter. The vast preponderance of evidence establishes that in the printed literature of his time his name was written — Shakespeare. In his first poems, Lucrece and Venus and Adonis, he placed Shakespeare on the title-page So it stands on the folios of 1623 and 1632.

So also it was spelled by his friends in their published works; Ben Jonson, by Bancroft, Bamefield, Willobie, Freeman, Davies, Meres, and Weever. It is certain that his name was pronounced Shake-spear (i.e., as *Shake ‘ and Spear’ were then pronounced) by his literary friends in London. This is shown by the punning lines of Ben Jonson, by those of Bancroft and others; by Greene’s allusion to him as the only Shake-scene; and, lastly, by the canting heraldry of the arms granted to his father in 1599: — ‘In a field of gould upon a bend sables a speare of the first: with crest a ffalcon supporting a speare.’

It is very probable that this grant of arms, about which Dethick, the Garter-King, was blamed and had to defend himself, practically settled the pronunciation as well as the spelling. It is probable that hitherto the family name had not been so spelt or so pronounced in Warwickshire. It is possible that Shake-speare was almost a nick-name, or a familiar stage-name; but, like Erasmus, Melancthon, or Voltaire, he who bore it carried it so into literature. For some centuries downwards, the immense concurrence of writers, English and foreign, has so accepted the name. A great majority of the commentators have adopted the same form: Dyce, Collier, Halliwell-Phillipps, Staunton, W. G. Clark. No one of the principal editors of the poet writes his name ‘Shakspere But so Mr. Furnivall decrees it shall be.

One would have thought so great a preponderance of literary practice need not be disturbed by one or two signatures in manuscript, even if they were perfectly distinct and quite uniform. Yet, such is the march of palaeographic purism, that our great poet is in imminent danger of being translated into Shakspere, and ultimately Shaxper.