#de-pigmenting medication

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Research Progress on Spirulina Phycocyanin

Abstract: This paper summarizes the progress of research on extraction, purification, physicochemical properties, physiological activity and product development of Spirulina cyanobacteria in recent years, and suggests that the main directions of research in the next few years are the extraction process, drug development and quality control methods.

Spirulina is a genus of Cyanobacteria in the family Cyanobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Segmented Plants, and Trematoda, and is a filamentous, multicellular, spiral-shaped, prokaryotic algal organism with a high protein content and a fast reproduction rate [1, 2]. Spirulina includes various strains such as Spirulina obtususus, Spirulina major and Spirulina salina. Spirulina is rich in protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, chlorophyll, β-carotene and polysaccharides, and it is an ideal food and drug resource for human beings [3].

The phycobiliprotein contained in Spirulina is an important light-trapping pigment protein, mainly composed of phycocyanin (pC), allophycocyanin (ApC) and phycoerythrin (pE). Phycocyanin is a safe and non-toxic protein resource, which is not only a valuable food and erbium protein resource in nature, but also superior in the study of the original theory of photosynthesis. Polysaccharides and cyanobacterial proteins are important active substances in Spirulina [4]. In recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have shown that Spirulina has various functions such as anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, anti-virus, tumor inhibition, anti-allergy, and immunity enhancement, which determines that Spirulina and its active ingredients have a wide range of application prospects in the research and development of functional foods [5].

Phycocyanin is a kind of photosynthetic auxiliary pigment commonly found in cyanobacterial cells, it is a special kind of pigment protein, which consists of open-chain tetrapyrrole compounds and de-assisted proteins bonded by sulfur chains[6], and its theoretical research and application have been widely emphasized in recent years. The content of phycocyanin in Spirulina is as high as 1O%~2O%, and it is an important natural pigment for photosynthesis in Spirulina cells, and it can preferentially transfer light energy to photosystem Ⅱ in photosynthesis with a high efficiency of nearly 1OO% [7, 8].

Phycocyanin can be widely used as a natural pigment in food, cosmetics, dyes and other industries. Meanwhile, the strong fluorescence of phycocyanin can be made into fluorescent reagents, fluorescent probes, fluorescent tracer substances, etc., which can be used in clinical diagnosis, immunochemistry and bioengineering and other research fields [9, 10]. As an important physiological active ingredient, it can also be made into pharmaceuticals for medical care. Meanwhile, phycocyanin is also an ideal photosensitizer without toxic side effects [8].

Due to the good development prospect of algal blue protein and its high content in Spirulina, the study of algal blue protein in Spirulina has become a hot spot of algal protein research. In this paper, the research progress of Spirulina cyanobacterial protein in terms of extraction, purification, physicochemical properties and physiological activities in recent years will be introduced.

1 Extraction

The extraction of Spirulina cyanobacterial protein is often divided into two processes: egg white dissolution and egg white precipitation. Algal blue protein is an intracellular protein, to make it dissolved firstly, the cell wall and cell membrane of the cell should be broken so that it can be dissolved in the extracting solution in a soluble state, and then it should be precipitated by suitable methods, and its activity should be maintained in the extraction process. The current state of research shows that the extraction of Spirulina cyanobacterial protein is still in the stage of experimental research, and its extraction methods are not the same. Zheng Jiang [11] summarized the cell crushing methods: repeated freezing and thawing method, chemical reagent treatment method, swelling method ultrasonic method and tissue mashing method 5, protein precipitation methods: salinization, crystallization, isoelectric point precipitation and ultrafiltration method and other four methods.

1 In the cell breaking method, due to the longer extraction period of the swelling method, ultrasonic extraction rate is poor, etc., the more commonly used is the repeated freezing and thawing method and chemical reagent treatment method, but there are some differences between the two. Lin Hongwei [12] et al. used sodium dodecyl sulfate (sDs) to destroy the cell membrane of Spiroplasma obtusely to extract cyanobacterial proteins, the extraction rate was as high as 98%, and significantly better than the control group extracted by freeze-thawing method.

Zhang Yifang [13] et al. used kcl and lysozyme to extract algal blue protein from Spirulina cell wall, and the wall-breaking rate reached more than 95%, and compared with the freeze-thaw method, that the freeze-thaw method is only suitable for the preparation of small amount of samples, and it is difficult to freeze-thaw the samples in large doses quickly, while the lysozyme method is suitable for the preparation of large amount of algal blue protein. Due to the addition of chemical reagents, it is difficult to increase the purification process in the later stage, and it is easy to cause protein denaturation if it is not handled well, while the freeze-thaw method is simple and convenient to operate. Therefore, the freeze-thaw method is more commonly used to extract small amounts of algal blue protein.

In practice, several methods are often used in order to maximize the dissolution of cyanobacterial proteins. For example, Gao Tianrong [14] and Wang Yong [15] used repeated freeze-thawing and ultrasonic methods to rupture the cell wall of Spirulina. Lin Hongwei[12] and others used the washing cycle freeze-thaw method to extract Spirulina alginata, and the results showed that the extraction rate of Tween2O as the extraction reagent could reach 65.1%, which was higher than that of the buffer cycle freeze-thaw method.

1.2 After the cells are broken, the alginate is dissolved in the extraction solution, and it is very important to choose the appropriate method for precipitation. Isoelectric point precipitation method utilizes the characteristic that the solubility of protein is the smallest when it is at the isoelectric point. By adjusting the pH value of the solution to the isoelectric point of alginate, the solubility of alginate will be reduced and precipitate will be precipitated. Zhang Yifang [13] and Tang Zhaohui [16] used this method to precipitate algal blue protein. However, it is generally believed that alginate blue protein is more sensitive to pH, and poor pH control during precipitation may cause protein denaturation.

Salt precipitation of algal blue egg white is more commonly reported in the literature, and its precipitation effect is generally recognized. Ammonium sulfate solution is a commonly used salt solution, and Zhang Yifang[13] and others have used magnesium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium sulfate solutions to compare with ammonium sulfate solution for hydrodialysis, and the results showed that ammonium sulfate hydrodialysis effect was good, and the other hydrodialysis effect was poor. However, there are many opinions about the concentration of ammonium sulfate for salting out. More often, ammonium sulfate solution with 5O% saturation is used for precipitation [4, 12, 17], and there are some cases in which saturation of 30%~60% is used [15, 18].

Lin Hongwei [19, 2O] and others used 7O% and 80% ammonium sulfate solution. Hu Yibing [21] and others used different concentrations of ammonium sulfate solution to establish a segmented gradient salting out to separate and purify the cyanobacteria of Spirulina platensis, and the results were good. H. W. Siegleman [22] concluded that the cyanobacteria could be separated from the alpha cyanobacteria by salting out with different concentrations of ammonium sulfate solution, while Peng Weimin [23] concluded that it was not possible to separate the cyanobacteria from the alpha cyanobacteria by salting out with ammonium sulfate. However, in the study of Peng Weimin [23], it was not possible to separate phycocyanin from allocyanin by ammonium sulfate salting out. Nevertheless, the extraction of cyanobacterial proteins from Spirulina has to be treated with ammonium sulfate in order to obtain the crude extract of cyanobacterial proteins.

2 Purification Methods

The content of impurity protein in the extract of Spirulina alginata is very high, and the purity ratio of alginate protein (A62O/A28O) should be more than 4.O before it can be used in practical applications [11]. Therefore, it is necessary to further purify the crude extract, remove the impurity proteins and improve the purity of alginate blue protein. Currently, the purification methods reported in the literature include hydroxyapatite column chromatography, gel chromatography, ion exchange method and less frequently used diatomite column chromatography. In practice, it is often necessary to use two or more methods at the same time in order to get better results.

Wei Ping[18] extracted alginate from Spirulina major by adsorbing the crude extract of alginate on a column with DEAE-sephadex A-25 and hydroxyapatite (HA), and then analyzing the eluate of alginate on the HA column and passing it through a G-15O column. The results showed that a homemade hydroxyapatite column was used to obtain alginate with a purity ratio of 4.18, and the alginate was analyzed on a G-15O column to obtain a single alginate with a single composition. Hu Yibing[21] and others used hydroxyapatite chromatography and sephadex G-1OO gel chromatography to obtain alginate with a purity ratio greater than 5.O. Yin Gang[24] and others used hydroxyapatite chromatography and sephadex G-1OO gel chromatography to obtain alginate with a purity ratio greater than 5.0. Yin Gang[24] and others used sephacryls-2OO gel chromatography and hydroxyapatite column chromatography to separate and purify the algal blue protein from cultured Spirulina obtusususus, and obtained the pure algal blue protein.

Zhang Chengwu[4] and others purified the alginate from Spirulina obtususus by chromatography and filtration on a sephadex G-1OO column twice for electrophoretically pure alginate. Yin Gang[25] and others also studied the isolation and purification of alginate from Spirulina obtusususus using DEAEsepharose FF ion exchange and hydroxyapatite adsorption, and the alginate was identified as electrophoretically pure by isoelectric focusing. Yin Gang[26] and others used hydroxyapatite and sephadex G-1OO for column chromatography to isolate the alginate with a purity ratio of 4.71. The alginate was purified by isoelectric focusing. Peng Weimin[23] and others used hydroxyapatite column chromatography to purify algal bile protein from Spirulina to obtain algal blue protein with high purity.

Lin Hongwei[19, 2O] and others obtained alginate with a purity ratio of 4.1 from spirulina by using a diatomaceous earth 545 column with graded elution followed by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange purification. Zhang Jianping[27] , et al. obtained a purer alginate from Spirulina by hydroxyapatite column chromatography followed by dextran gel chromatography on a sephadex G-15O column. Wang Y[15] established a purification procedure for sephadex G-2OO, DEAE-sephadex A-25, HA, and SePhadex G-2OO. The results of this method were satisfactory, with a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and the purity ratio was as high as 14, which exceeded the highest value of 1O reported both domestically and abroad.1 The combined use of multiple purification methods was also typical. This is a typical example of the combined use of multiple purification methods.

3 Physical and chemical characterization

Because of the broad application prospect of phycocyanin, the study of the physicochemical properties of phycocyanin has become an important topic in the development of Spirulina.0 In recent years, the study of phycocyanin has been deepened to the molecular composition, and greater progress has been made in the study of other physicochemical properties.

3.1 Spectral Characterization  

Spectroscopy is one of the important properties of cyanobacterial proteins, and the study of spectral properties provides an important basis for the identification of cyanobacterial proteins in Spirulina. At the same time, the maximum absorption of cyanobacterial proteins can also be utilized for the determination of protein content, which provides a simple and effective method for the quality control of cyanobacterial proteins. However, due to the differences in the cyanobacterial proteins of different strains of Spirulina and the purity of the cyanobacterial samples used by the researchers, the reported spectral properties of the cyanobacterial proteins differ.

Yin Gang [26] et al. showed that there were characteristic absorption peaks at 278nm, 36Onm, and 62Onm in the UV-visible spectrum of Spirulina obtusususus 0 Wei Ping [18] et al. found that the alginyl cyanide of the purified Spirulina obtusususus was scanned by UV-visible spectrophotometer, and the characteristic absorption peaks were found at 62Onm and 348nm 0 Chengwu Zhang [4] et al. measured the maximum absorption wavelength at 62Onm in the UV-visible spectrophotometer 0 Peng Weimin [17] et al. used UV-visible spectrophotometer to obtain the maximum absorption wavelength at 62Onm in the UV-visible spectrophotometer 0 Peng Weimin [17] et al. Zhang Chengwu [4] measured the maximum absorption of purified Spirulina obtususifera phycocyanin at 62Onm by UV-visible scanning. 0 Peng Weimin [17] and others used UV-visible spectrophotometry to determine that the maximum visible absorption of Spirulina obtusifera phycocyanin was at 62Onm, and used fluorescence spectrophotometry to determine that its fluorescence emission peak was at 645 nm at room temperature.

The results of Wang Yong [15] showed that the absorption wavelength of phycocyanin in Spirulina salina was 615 nm under the condition of PH 7.O. When the PH decreased, the maximum absorption peak of phycocyanin shifted to blue, and when the PH increased, the peak shifted to red; the fluorescence excitation peaks of phycocyanin in neutral condition were located at 590 nm and 635 nm, and the fluorescence emission peaks were located at 650 nm only. Zhang Erxian [28] et al. determined that the maximum absorption peak of algal blue protein was at 625nm, and its fluorescence emission peak was at 648nm.0 Yin Gang [24, 26] et al. also determined the infrared spectra of algal blue protein, which showed that algal blue protein had absorption peaks at 32OO, 165O, 155O, 11OO, 1O5O, and 65Ocm-1 , thus providing a richer basis for the identification of algal blue protein. The results showed that algal blue protein had absorption peaks at 32OO, 165O, 155O, 11OO, 1O5O and 65O cm-1 , thus providing a more abundant basis for the identification of algal blue protein.

3.2 Amino Acid Composition of Algae Blue Protein

The amino acid composition of the protein is conducive to the further understanding of the internal structure and active groups of the algal blue protein, and also provides a theoretical basis for other properties of the algal blue protein.0 Yin Gang [24, 26], Liu Qifang [29], and Li Jianhong [9] studied the amino acid composition of the algal blue protein in Spirulina, and the results showed that the composition of the cyanogenic acids of different strains of Spirulina is basically the same.0 Zhang Chengwu [4] analyzed the amino acid composition and content of the bile protein of Spirulina obtusususus, and concluded that except for tryptophan, which was not measured, the algal blue protein contained 14 amino acids, only trace amounts of histidine and proline, and lack of methionine. Zhang Chengwu [4] analyzed the amino acid composition and content of Spirulina bile protein, and concluded that, except for tryptophan which was not measured, the cyanobacterial protein contained 14 amino acids, with only trace amounts of histidine and proline, and a lack of methionine.

Peng Weimin [17] analyzed the amino acid composition of phycocyanin in Spirulina obtusususus by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the results showed that the amino acid compositions of phycocyanin and other algal cyanoproteins were similar, with the highest content of Phenylalanine (Phenylalanine) followed by Aspartic Acid (Aspartic Acid), Glutamic Acid (Glutamic Acid), Tyrosine (Tyrosine), and the lower content of Proline (Proline) and Histidine (Histidine). Meanwhile, the ratio of acidic amino acids to basic amino acids in alginate was 2.14, which was higher than that of alginate (1.92), and therefore alginate was considered to be an acidic protein, which also explained why alginate had a lower isoelectric point than other alginates as reported in [29].

3.3 Biochemical characterization

3. 3. 1 Isoelectric point

The isoelectric point is one of the most prominent properties of proteins. The isoelectric points of Spirulina cyanobacterial proteins have been reported differently, but all of them are in the range of 3.4-4.8 [4, 13, 24, 26, 29]. This is probably due to the differences in the nature of cyanobacterial proteins in different strains of Spirulina, and another reason is that different purity of cyanobacterial proteins affects the consistency of the results of the assay. It was also found that the isoelectric points of algal blue proteins were generally lower than those of other algal blue proteins, which may be related to the amino acid composition of the proteins [17].

3. 3. 2 Studies on algal blue protein subunits

Current research suggests that phycocyanin is composed of two α and β subunits with different molecular weights, usually a hexamer of the two subunits (αβ)15], but the molecular weights of the subunits are not the same as those of the other subunits. Zhang Chengwu [4] and others showed that purified phycocyanin is composed of two subunits, α and β, and that their molecular weights are 145OOμ and 15OOOμ respectively, as measured by 12% sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The α and β subunits of Spirulina obtususifera were composed of two subunits and their molecular weights were measured to be 145OOOμ and 15OOOμ0 Zhang Erxian [28] measured the molecular weights of the two subunits of phycocyanin to be 149OOμ and 172OOμ0 Peng Weimin [17] performed a regression analysis by using the relative mobility of the standardized proteins (X) and its corresponding molecular weight in terms of the logarithm of the molecular weight (Y) as the parameters, and the obtained equation of regression was: Y= 1. O228X ten 5. 12. O228X x 5. 1255 (R2= O. 9889), the molecular weights of the α-subunit and β-subunit of the cyanobacterial protein in Spirulina obtusususus were calculated to be about 16.3 KD and 18.9 KD, which were similar to those in the literature [30,31].

3.4 Algae blue protein stability study  

Zhang Yifang [13] studied that alginate blue protein is stable below 40℃, its pigment starts to decompose at 45℃, the optical density of the solution decreases gradually, the optical density of the solution decreases rapidly at 50℃, and the optical density of the solution at 70℃ decreases by 75% compared with the original one, the sugar solution can increase the stability of the alginate blue protein to the heat, the effect of the illumination on the alginate blue protein is small, the illumination of 5,100x for 6Oh, the optical density of the solution treated with PH5 does not change. It was also shown that the optical density of algal blue protein was stable in the range of PH4.O~8.5, the optical density was unchanged, and the color of the solution became lighter when the PH value was higher than 8.5 or lower than 4.O. The results of the above studies showed that the algal blue protein was more sensitive to the temperature and PH, but insensitive to light, which was of great significance for the control of the conditions of algal blue protein in the process of extraction, purification and preservation.

4 Physiological activity studies

Phycocyanin is one of the important active ingredients in Spirulina. The results of clinical studies have shown that phycocyanin in Spirulina has the effect of improving immunity, promoting animal cell regeneration and inhibiting cancer cells [32]. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the physiological activity of algal blue protein in depth. Currently, the focus of research is mainly on the study of anticancer activity, and at the same time, some progress has been made in the study of other activities.

4.1 Research on anticancer activity  

Dong Qiang [33] et al. investigated the anticancer activity of alginate cyanine (PC) on HeLa cells by two methods, and demonstrated that PC had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of HeLa cells, and the inhibitory rate of PC reached 31.0% when the concentration of PC was 8Omg L-1. Shen Haiyan[34] and others used semi-solid agar culture method and MTT assay to determine the effect of Spirulina alginate on the growth of human blood cancer cell lines HL-6O, K-562 and μ-937. These three tumor cells were treated with different concentrations of cyanobacterial proteins under in vitro culture conditions, and the results showed that Spirulina cyanobacterial proteins inhibited the growth of these three tumor cells to different degrees, and there was a concentration-dose effect, with a strong inhibitory effect at high concentrations.

Guo Baojiang[35] and others investigated the inhibitory effect of selenized alginate from selenium-enriched cultured Spirulina obtusususus on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Guo Baojiang[36] and others also studied the inhibitory effect of photoimmobilized alginate on hepatocellular carcinoma cells 74O2 in vitro. The experiment showed that, when the initial concentration of immobilized alginate was 2O μg/well, the inhibition rate of 74O2 cells reached 55%, and the inhibition rate of the cancer cells decreased when the concentration continued to increase, and then increased back to 55%, 66% and 66% when the concentration of alginate was as high as O.5mg/well and 1mg/well. When the concentration of cyanobacteria reached O.5mg/well and 1mg/well, the inhibition rate rebounded to 55% and 66%.

4.2 Other Activity Studies  

Spirulina alginate also has some activity in other areas. Wang Yuanxun[37] and others found that feeding extracted Spirulina cyanobacteria alginate to mice significantly improved exercise endurance. Zhang Chengwu[38] demonstrated that Spirulina alginate had anti-radiation effects in animal experiments, and the results also showed that alginate may promote the recovery of hematopoietic function in irradiated animals. Tang Mei[39] and others found that phycocyanin could promote PHA-induced proliferation of normal mouse splenic lymphocytes, enhance the hemolytic capacity of plaque-forming cells and the content of hemolysin in the serum, and significantly resist the damage of hydrocortisone to the immune function of the organism.

Zhao Jingquan [4O] et al. investigated the scavenging effect of alginate from Spirulina on hydroxyl radicals by using a competitive reaction kinetics method, and the results showed that alginate had a strong scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals, and the scavenging rate constants were measured to be in the range of (2.8~5.6) × 1O9L mol-1 S-1. Tang Mai [41] et al. studied the effect of phycocyanin (PC) in Spirulina on the function of human peripheral lymphocytes, and the results showed that PC could promote the transformation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, and there was a dose-dependent relationship. The results showed that PC could promote the transformation of lymphocytes stimulated by PHA, and there was a dose-dependent relationship. PC could restore the ability of T cells to form E rosettes after being damaged by cyclophosphamide, especially the ability to form active E rosettes (Ea).

Experimental studies have shown that Spirulina cyanobacteria have physiological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-fatigue, enhancement of immunity and scavenging of free radicals, etc., which provides an important basis for decision-making on the development of Spirulina in the field of functional foods and medicines.

5 Research on algal blue protein products [42, 43]

Phycocyanin is an important active ingredient in Spirulina, and its unique physicochemical properties have been emphasized in product development research. The School of Life Sciences of Peking University used the purified algal blue protein monomer from Spirulina mud preparation to couple with purified DFI antibody, and then purified the coupling product to obtain the antibody labeled with algal blue protein, which is a fluorescent probe. The Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences have also carried out the development of fluorescent markers and diagnostic reagents for algal bile protein, and researched on diagnostic reagents and diagnostic kits (screening, labeling and detection techniques of fluorescent reagents, etc.), and are expected to obtain a technology to replace other fluorescent markers and enzyme markers, as well as a popular algal bile protein-labeled diagnostic kit for surface antigen of Hepatitis B Virus.

At the same time, algal blue protein for food research, especially functional food research has made great progress, China has more than 10 kinds of spirulina tablets and capsules, according to different functions approved by the Ministry of Health as health products. However, because the extraction of algal blue protein in Spirulina is still in the stage of experimental research, there is no suitable industrial production process, so that the commercial price of algal blue protein is expensive and its application is limited to a certain extent.

6 Conclusion

The research of Spirulina in China began in 1970s, after more than 30 years of research and development, although there is a great progress, but mostly at the laboratory level. According to the literature, it is difficult to extract and purify the active ingredient of Spirulina cyanobacteria, and its mature technology still needs a period of research and exploration. Meanwhile, there are not many functional foods based on cyanobacterial proteins, and there is still no research and development of pharmaceuticals.

Therefore, in the next few years, the research and development of algal blue protein will mainly focus on the following aspects: Firstly, exploring a method of preparing large amount of algal blue protein suitable for industrialized production, reducing the cost of algal blue protein, and promoting its extensive development and utilization. Secondly, according to the results of the research on the activity of algal blue protein, the development of algal blue protein will be expanded from functional food to the development of medicines and medical diagnostic reagents, so as to develop its utilization value at a deeper level. Thirdly, we will continue to study the physical and chemical properties of algal blue protein and establish a good quality control method to provide quality assurance for the research and production of algal blue protein products, especially medicines.

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[36] GUO Baojiang , XU Hede , et al.  Inhibitory effect of light-fixed alginate on hepatocellular carcinoma 74O2 in vitro [J], Ion exchange and adsorption , 2OOO, 16(6) : 547~552.

[37] Wang Yuanxun.  A study of spirulina in improving athletic endurance [J], Journal of the Chinese Society of Sports Science, 1985, 4: 2O~21.

[38] Zhang Chengwu, Zeng Zhaoqi, et al.  Protective effects of polysaccharides and cyanobacterial proteins of Spirulina obtususus on acute radiation sickness in mice [J], Journal of Nutrition, 1996, 18(3) : 327~33O.

[39] Tang Mei, Jin Ying, et al.  Effects of Spirulina alginata blue protein on the immune function of mice , Journal of Jinan University (Nature and Medicine)[J], 1998, 19(5) : 93~97.

[4O]ZHAO Jing-Quan , ZHANG Jian-Ping .  Kinetics of reaction between algal chitin and hydroxyl radicals by pulsed irradiation [J], Science Bulletin , 2OOO, 45(1) : 32~36.

[41] Tang Mei , Jin Ying , et al.  Effects of Spirulina alginata proteins and polysaccharides on the function of human peripheral blood lymphocytes [J], Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) , 1998(4) : 63~67.

[42] Li Dingmei.  Development Overview and Prospects of Microalgae Industry in China (I)[J], Grain and Feed Industry , 2OO1, (5) : 26~27.

[43] Hou Jianshe.  Research and Development of Spirulina Foods in China [J], Food Research and Development, 2OOO, 21(4): 23~26.

#Spirulina #Phycocyanin #Phycocyaninpowder

[mourningcrypt]

Medical Monday: What was Catherine of Aragon’s real cause of death?

Catherine of Aragon, first wife of King Henry VIII- passed away at age 50 on January 7, 1536  while in exile following the divorce in 1533 at Kimbolton Castle. When news arrived to the court of the former queen’s passing- rumors spread she died due to poisoning- which was done in some way by Henry. How he acted after the news would almost prove he was guilty. He and his second wife, Anne Boleyn wore yellow- which its debated if it was a sign of mourning as it was believed yellow was the color of mourning in Spain, or if it was a sign of celebration. Henry would even cry “God be praised that we are free from all suspicion of war!” Now he and his new queen could be together in peace it seems. (Though we all know how long that lasted)

Eustace Chapyus- imperial ambassador would write in a letter to Charles V on January 9th- noticing that Catherine fell ill after consuming a welsh beer stated “[Her] illness began about five weeks ago… It was a pain in the stomach, so violent that she could retain no food.” After consulting her Physician, Miguel de la Sola- they both would draw the poisoning conclusion, writing “He said he was afraid it was so, for after she had drunk some Welsh beer she had been worse, and that it must have been a slow and subtle poison for he could not discover evidences of simple and pure poison; but on opening her, indications will be seen.”

But, actually- poison was not what caused the death of Catherine. Despite Henry’s harsh choice to celebrate his exes death, the more plausible cause of her death by historians was more believed to be cancer, specifically cancer of the heart or a melanotic sarcoma. A melanotic sarcoma is a malignant kind of tumor often affecting the pigmentation of cells. Which often makes the color of it very dark or even black.

Prior to burial, her body would be prepared by a servant (chandler) of the household, not a physician. Chapuys would chronicle the procedure to Charles in a January 21st letter by saying her internal organs were healthy, “except the heart, which was quite black and hideous”. As well as including “some black round thing which clung closely to the outside of the heart”, which is believed to be a secondary  melanotic sarcoma. The chandler even going as far as to cut the heart in half and attempting to wash off the black from the heart, but to no avail. Though, at the time- Cancer was not an understood cause, which is why the quick belief of poison was more accepted.

During her last days, it was reported she was very weak, had stomach pains and was unable to keep food down. When researching sarcoma symptoms; weight loss, abdominal pain, and fatigue would be found as main contributors.

Unfortunately given the centuries between Catherine’s passing and medical advances we are unable to concretely diagnose what she went dealt with in her final moments on this earth, but with the letters from Chapuys its gives us a glimpse of understanding as to what more likely happened to the once Queen of England.

Sources for research: The death of Catherine of Aragon, Catherine of Aragon’s Black Heart and Poison: The Primary Sources, Medical History: Black Hearted

[the-tf2-apprentices]

How many apprentices are there, anyway?

<

Ross: Nine of us. Like the originals.

Agustina: You already know me and Ross. I'm a Spy-in-training and she's a Sniper-in-training. And I mentioned Pigment, Engie's kid, and Charlie, Medic's boy. They're the ones taking these recordings and doing hell knows what.

R: Pigment's not his actual name. But he likes us to call him that.

A: Yeah, like Ponyo. That's Pyro's apprentice. It's not her real name either, but it's cute! And it fits her.

R: Agata is Heavy's apprentice, Quinn is Demo's, Skye is Scout's, and Nick is Soldier's.

A: I'm pretty sure Solly's still fooled into thinking Nick is an American boy. Her real name's Nicoletta, but it sounded a little too Italian to be safe around him.

R: Oye, remember how he yelled at me for having 'long hippie hair'?

A: Obvio! He thought Ross was a guy.

R: Didn't realize it was a nickname for Rosaria. [muttering] Ross fits better anyway.

A: Wait, Pigment is waving from over there. What is he- oh- okay- yeah, we HEAR YOU, STOP YELLING!!!!

R: Heheh.

A: Okay, Mentos escaped his little mancave for about 0.3 seconds to tell us that apparently, we have to tell the voice recording that all the apprentices and mentors can take questions. Aaaaaand now he's gone.

R: Working? It's 7pm.

A: The strange thing is that he actually really likes it. Mierda, even Spy lets me stop after 6.

R: Every day, I'm more grateful I got put with one of the most... uh... uno de los relajados.

A: Relaxed.

R: Yeah. One of the most relaxed teachers here.

A: Well, as relaxed as a mercenary defying death can be, anyways!

R: Right.

>

//OOC: The lore continues!!

[fashioneditswebsite]

Why vitamin E should be part of your skincare regime

Anti-aging, pollution-fighting, and blemish-calming discover why vitamin E beauty is trending. Recently, the use of Vitamin E in the skincare regime has surged in popularity due to the 'glass skin' trend. TikTok-ers are posting videos on how to get the look by using Nivea Creme and a vitamin E oil capsule. Mix them, smother them all over your face, and you can have glass skin. But not all experts believe it’s a good idea. If you’re worried you may look sweaty rather than dewy, you can reap the benefits simply by investing in products that already contain vitamin E. After all, it’s gorgeously suitable for all skin types. @drsomjiskin 🌟 @NIVEA – a timeless classic in the world of emollient creams! ✨ #SkincareSecrets #NiveaLove #EmollientMagic #SkinScience #VitaminECream #Cosmeceuticals #HealthySkinJourney #BeautyEducation #TimelessSkincare #SkinBarrierHealth #NourishYourSkin #InstaBeautyTips #SkinCareRoutine #GlowingSkin #SelfCareSunday #SkinCareCommunity #BeautyBasics #LoveYourSkin #HealthyHabits #SkinCareAddict #BeautyKnowledge #EducateYourself #SkinCare101 #NaturalBeauty #SkinCareEssentials #HealthySkinHappyLife ♬ Lofi Vibes - Gentle State “Vitamin E is an important fat-soluble antioxidant and has been used in dermatology for more than 50 years,” says Molly Arnold, a registered associate nutritionist at Holland & Barrett. “It can help protect from negative effects of oxidative stress caused by UV exposure and pollution.” That sounds great. But perhaps more importantly, she notes that incorporating vitamin E into a skincare routine may also help reduce blemishes and the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Vitamin E has moisturizing, soothing, and anti-aging properties that people frequently praise. “Vitamin E is often found in a cream or oil format that can be used topically, either on the face or on the body,” says Dr Eleanor Bradley, No7 Beauty science credentialing manager. “You can find vitamin E infused in face moisturizers or serums or in more concentrated ampules, often in combination with other antioxidant vitamins, like vitamin C. “My suggestion would be to incorporate a moisturiser or serum containing vitamin E into your morning skincare routine, to enjoy the full benefits of this ingredient, including protection against free radicals and the environment.” When it comes to pollution, living in an urban environment can lead to dryness, irritation, sensitivity, and even hyperpigmentation, according to Dr Ifeoma Ejikeme, a medical consultant skin expert and founder of Adonia Medical Clinic. “In a study on the How We Shop platform, 54% of those interviewed experienced dryness, and 82% of those interviewed were concerned about how pollution adds to this. Vitamin E is not only a powerful antioxidant, but also an effective moisturizer.” Vitamin E is found in many skincare and makeup products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, lip balms, foundations, and lipsticks. Ejikeme suggests looking for it listed as tocopherol or tocopheryl acetate in the ingredients. 7 of the best vitamin E beauty products 1. Now, Vitamin E soft gels Solgar Vitamin E softgels $27.41 If you’d rather ingest your vitamin E, take one of these capsules daily with plenty of liquid. 2. Institut Esthederm Into Repair SPF 50 Institut Esthederm Into Repair SPF 50 This wonder fluid helps to diminish pigmentation and sun spots while giving you high UVA and UVB protection. Active ingredients include vitamin E to help smooth skin and protect from damage. 3. Eminence Organic Skin Care Rosehip Triple C+E Firming Oil Rosehip Triple C+E Firming Oil $118 Eminence Organics Rosehip Triple C+E Firming Oil flawlessly accomplishes all three. It was expertly developed as an all-encompassing anti-aging serum. 4. Vitamin E Facial Moisturizer Malin + Goetz (New York) Moisturizer $52  This lightweight moisturizer keeps your skin balanced and hydrated all day. Its quick-absorbing formula is intensely nourishing, delivering just the right amount of moisture without feeling greasy or sticky. 5. No7 Protect & Perfect Intense Advanced Serum Intense Advanced Serum $27.99 This intensive serum is packed with vitamins A, C, and E to re-energize tired skin and protect it from environmental stress. 6. Kai Body Lotion Kai Body Moisturizer $42 This moisturizer contains a combination of vitamin E, wheat germ oil, and rice bran oil to keep skin feeling soft and radiant for daily hydration. Read the full article

[personalsuggestionsforall]

Top Dermatologist Clinics in Dubai: Your Guide to Expert Skin Care

Overview Of Dermatologist Clinics In Dubai

Dubai boasts a diverse range of dermatologist clinics that cater to various skin health needs. The clinics utilize cutting-edge technology, enabling specialists to provide effective solutions for conditions like acne, eczema, and skin aging. Advanced diagnostic tools and treatment methods, including laser therapy and chemical peels, simplify accurately targeting skin issues.

The patient-centric approach stands out in many clinics. I’ve noticed that many practitioners prioritize thorough consultations, ensuring that treatment plans align with each patient's unique needs. This personalized care often includes detailed skin assessments and tailored skincare regimens, fostering clearer communication between patients and dermatologists.

Many facilities also emphasize ongoing education, adopting the latest research and techniques in dermatology. Clinicians frequently attend workshops and conferences, enhancing their knowledge and skills. This commitment to professional growth not only enriches their practice but also demonstrates a dedication to providing high-quality care.

Access to specialized treatments is another hallmark of Dubai’s dermatologist clinics. Patients can find offerings such as Mohs surgery for skin cancer, acne scar revision, and advanced anti-aging procedures. These options ensure comprehensive care for those seeking to enhance their skin's health and appearance.

Lastly, patient comfort is paramount. Most clinics feature inviting environments designed to reduce anxiety during visits. Warm, welcoming staff further enhance the experience, creating an atmosphere conducive to healing and relaxation. In my experience, this compassionate approach significantly impacts the overall satisfaction of patients seeking care.

Key Services Offered

Dermatologist clinics in Dubai provide a comprehensive array of services designed to address diverse skin concerns. These services combine advanced technology with personalized care, ensuring effective and satisfying outcomes for patients.

General Dermatology

General dermatology caters to common skin conditions, such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. I’ve noticed that thorough evaluations of a patient's skin history play a crucial role in determining effective treatment plans. Clinics often employ diagnostic imaging and skin analysis tools to pinpoint issues. Treatments typically include prescription medications, topical therapies, and lifestyle recommendations tailored to individual needs. Frequent follow-ups help monitor progress and adjust therapies as necessary, fostering a collaborative approach between the patient and dermatologist.

Cosmetic Dermatology

Cosmetic dermatology focuses on enhancing aesthetics and addressing signs of aging. I find that non-invasive procedures, such as Botox and fillers, have gained popularity for their immediate results and minimal downtime. Chemical peels and microdermabrasion are commonly offered to improve skin texture and tone. Clinics often utilize advanced laser technologies for hair removal, pigmentation issues, and skin rejuvenation. These cosmetic procedures not only improve physical appearance but also boost confidence, as many patients experience enhanced self-esteem after treatment.

Specialized Treatments

Specialized treatments address complex skin conditions and concerns that require expertise. I’ve observed that clinics in Dubai frequently offer Mohs surgery for skin cancer, which ensures precision in removing cancerous cells while preserving surrounding skin. Additionally, advanced anti-aging treatments, including laser resurfacing and radiofrequency therapy, target specific signs of aging. Condition-specific therapies for issues like rosacea or hyperhidrosis also receive attention, utilizing the latest innovative techniques. Patients benefit from customized plans that consider their unique needs, ensuring optimal outcomes.

Overall, dermatologist clinics in Dubai emphasize a patient-centered approach across various services, prioritizing effective treatment and patient comfort.

Choosing The Right Dermatologist Clinic

Selecting the right dermatologist clinic in Dubai requires careful consideration to ensure optimal skin care. Effective treatment hinges on finding a clinic that meets both personal needs and professional standards.

Factors To Consider

Credentials and Experience Verify the credentials of dermatologists, including board certifications and their experience in managing specific skin conditions. It’s essential to choose practitioners who specialize in areas relevant to your needs.

Treatment Options Explore the range of treatments offered. A comprehensive clinic should provide both general dermatology and cosmetic services, such as laser therapy and injectables. Availability of advanced procedures reflects a commitment to stay abreast of the latest in dermatological science.

Technology and Facilities Evaluate the technology and equipment used. Clinics that regularly update their diagnostic tools and treatment methods often deliver better outcomes. Access to modern facilities signifies an ongoing investment in quality care.

Patient Experience Consider listening to other patients' experiences. Reviews and testimonials can provide insights into patient satisfaction and care quality. A clinic that values patient comfort and actively seeks feedback demonstrates professionalism.

Location and Accessibility Assess the proximity of the clinic to your home or workplace. Easy access simplifies follow-up visits, which can be critical for ongoing treatment.

What Treatments Do You Recommend for My Condition? Clinicians should provide personalized treatment plans tailored to my specific needs. Understanding their rationale for recommended treatments helps gauge their expertise and experience.

What Are the Expected Outcomes and Recovery Times? Knowing what to expect post-treatment, including recovery times and potential side effects, is crucial for preparing for the procedure.

How Do You Ensure Patient Safety and Comfort? A responsible clinic prioritizes patient safety. Asking about protocols for hygiene and emergency procedures can indicate how seriously the clinic values patient well-being.

What Ongoing Support Is Available After Treatment? Clarifying the availability of post-treatment follow-ups and support can enhance patient outcomes. It shows a commitment to long-term care rather than just a quick fix.

How Do You Stay Current with Advancements in Dermatology? Understanding a dermatologist's approach to continued education reflects their dedication to practicing evidence-based medicine. This ensures the clinic remains up to date with the latest techniques and treatments.

Choosing a dermatologist clinic in Dubai involves assessing expertise, treatment options, and patient-centric practices. Engaging in thorough research and asking pertinent questions plays a key role in this important decision-making process.

Patient Experiences And Reviews

Patient experiences and reviews play a crucial role in shaping perceptions of dermatologist clinics in Dubai. Many individuals share their journeys, detailing personal transformations and improvements in skin health following treatment. Common themes emerge from these reviews, highlighting the impact of expert care, effective communication, and innovative treatments.

Success Stories

Success stories often illustrate the effectiveness of various treatments available at dermatologist clinics. Many patients experience significant improvements in skin conditions, like acne and eczema, after personalized care. For instance, I’ve come across numerous testimonials where individuals reported visible changes in their skin clarity within just a few weeks of treatment. Patients frequently mention the confidence boost they receive after successful cosmetic procedures, such as laser treatments or chemical peels. These stories underscore the importance of tailored treatment plans, with patients noting how consultations helped address their specific concerns.

Additionally, success can be attributed to the continuous support provided by the dermatology teams throughout the treatment process. Patients frequently praise the follow-up appointments that allow for adjustments in their skincare regimens, ensuring optimal results. This ongoing relationship fosters trust and enhances overall satisfaction with their care, reinforcing the notion that personal attention leads to profound results.

Common Concerns

Common concerns often arise among patients seeking treatment in dermatologist clinics. Issues such as the fear of pain during procedures and skepticism about treatment effectiveness frequently surface. Many patients express anxiety about the side effects of certain treatments, ranging from redness to peeling skin. In my observations, transparent communication between dermatologists and patients plays a vital role in alleviating these fears. Clinics that take the time to thoroughly explain procedures and expected results often receive higher satisfaction ratings from patients.

Cost is another significant concern, with many individuals evaluating their options based on affordability without compromising quality. Reviews frequently reflect this perspective, with patients seeking balanced information regarding treatment costs and anticipated outcomes. Many also emphasize the importance of understanding the clinic's policies on follow-up care and satisfaction guarantees, which contribute to patient peace of mind.

Ultimately, patients often seek reassurance regarding their decision, so actively engaging with reviews that detail others’ experiences becomes crucial. Through shared experiences, potential patients gain insights that can ease their reservations, making the journey toward healthier skin more approachable.

Cost And Insurance Options

Assessing the cost of dermatology services in Dubai involves understanding various factors. Prices for consultations generally range from AED 300 to AED 800, depending on the dermatologist's experience and the clinic's reputation. Additional treatments, such as chemical peels or laser therapies, can cost between AED 1,000 and AED 5,000, depending on the procedure's complexity. For more specialized treatments like Mohs surgery, fees can exceed AED 10,000 based on the required care.

Insurance coverage significantly influences out-of-pocket expenses. Many clinics in Dubai accept a variety of health insurance plans, which may cover services like consultations and treatments. It's crucial to verify specific coverage details with your provider, as some plans may exclude certain procedures or require pre-authorization. I often recommend checking your insurance policy beforehand to understand what costs might remain after coverage.

Payment options can also impact treatment accessibility. Many clinics offer flexible payment plans or financing options for those who prefer to spread costs over time. Some even provide package deals for multiple sessions or services, which can present significant savings. Moreover, clinics occasionally run promotional campaigns for certain treatments, presenting additional opportunities for reduced pricing.

I’ve experienced the importance of transparent pricing firsthand, as upfront discussions with the clinics alleviate any concerns about hidden fees. Engaging in conversations about costs and insurance options during initial consultations helps establish a clear financial understanding, allowing me to focus on treatment rather than unexpected expenses.

Conclusion

Finding the right dermatologist clinic in Dubai can transform your skin health journey. With so many options available it's crucial to prioritize clinics that emphasize expert care and innovative treatments. I've seen firsthand how personalized approaches and advanced technology can lead to significant improvements in various skin conditions.

Whether you're dealing with acne eczema or seeking cosmetic enhancements the commitment to patient comfort and satisfaction stands out. By doing thorough research and considering patient experiences you'll be better equipped to make an informed decision. Ultimately investing in quality dermatological care can make a world of difference in achieving your skin goals.

[aayusetu]

Pigmentation and Skin Lightening Courses - Laser Aesthetics and Cosmetology Courses

KAAM offers extensive surgical and non-surgical medical aesthetic training to doctors, nurses, dentists, and healthcare professionals. Register today to kickstart your career or expand your aesthetic skillsets!

“Pigmentation and Skin lightening treatment” is the solution to the skin-related problems today’s women face. They are cosmetic procedures which aim to improve the complexion by lightening the dark areas of your skin. One of the prestigious institutes that offers a hand-on-training course in Pigmentation and Skin Lightening Treatment and Management is the Kosmoderma Academy of Aesthetic Medicine (KAAM).

Who Is Eligible For This Course?

The Pigmentation and Skin Lightening Courses At KAAM are open to licenced dermatologists (MD, DVD, DDVL), medical doctors ( MBBS, BAMS, BUMS, BHMS), and dental surgeons (BDS, MDS).

What Will I Learn in This Course?

The Pigmentation and Skin Lightening Courses At KAAM are spread over 5 days (4 days of theory and 2 days of practical). Various treatments will be taught during the courses like:

peels- This is a non-surgical, minimally invasive cosmetic procedure which uses a chemical solution to remove the damaged, superficial (top) layer of your skin. This layer eventually peels off, revealing more fresh, glowing skin with reduced wrinkles, pigmentation and spots.

Anti-pigmentation treatment- The dark upper layer of the skin is removed through lightening agents and de-pigmentation packs, leading to rejuvenated skin.

De-tan facials- These treat skin darkening caused by excess sun exposure. Chemical solutions and antioxidants are used to remove the tan from the skin. This makes the skin more youthful and supple.

Laser therapy- This involves using laser beams in controlled concentration to remove dark upper layers of the skin. It leaves behind the lighter skin underneath. Skin Lightening IV injections- IV injections for skin lightening are available to give a natural glow to your skin.

Phone :- 8867204566

[top10bharat]

How to Reduce Dark Circles and Under-Eye Bags

Dark circles are almost the most common reason for a tired and aged look in both men and women. These can occur as a result of many factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, and core health issues. This comprehensive guide will explain in detail the various causes of dark circles, their treatments that really work, and preventive measures for the same to achieve brighter and healthier-looking skin.

What Are Dark Circles?

Dark circles refer to the darkened skin under the eyes. This common condition affects people of all ages. Although dark circles are commonly associated with fatigue or a lack of sleep, they can be caused by a variety of causes such as aging, heredity, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions. Dark rings under the eyes typically appear gloomy or blue. Depending on your skin tone and the underlying cause, they may seem blue, purple, or dark brown. The skin under the eyes is more sensitive and thinner than the skin elsewhere on the body. Signs of damage and tension, including as fine lines, discoloration, and swelling, are also more common in this area.

Causes of Dark Circles

Getting to the root cause of your dark circles is very instrumental to performing effective treatment. Some common causes are enumerated below:

Genetics Genetics definitely play a big role in the formation of dark circles. Chances of getting it are pretty high if your parents or relatives have it.

Aging As we age, the skin starts to thin out and loses some collagen. This causes the blood vessels under the eyes to become visible and appear as dark circles.

Lack of Sleep Sleep deficiency can lead to dilation of blood vessels which, at times, creates an illusion that they are more prominent underneath the eye. Additionally, lack of adequate sleep causes the body to hold liquid, which causes puffiness and darkening.

Allergies The presence of allergies causes the body to release histamine which is a blood vessel dilator, eventually resulting in a dark appearance. Also, if one continues rubbing or scratching his or her eyes due to allergies, then it will aggravate the dark circles.

Dehydration Dehydration makes the skin sink under the eyes, thereby revealing dark circles.

Lifestyle Factors A poor diet, excessive drinking, and smoking all contribute towards dark circles. Such habits shall impact blood circulation and the skin condition in general.

Treatments That Actually Work for Dark Circles

Topical Solutions

Eye Creams Eye creams rich in ingredients like vitamin C, retinol, hyaluronic acid, and peptides may help lighten and tighten the area under the eyes. Look for products specifically targeting dark circles.

Cold Compress A cold compress can help compress blood vessels and de-puff a puffy eye, making dark circles less noticeable. Chilled cucumber slices or a cold spoon can be used to get a cool relief from darkness.

Medical Treatments

Chemical Peels These chemical peels reduce this pigmentation and improve skin texture. The procedures remove the superficial layer of skin, increasing cell turnover, and giving way to brighter skin from underneath.

Laser Therapy The laser treatments work to target the pigmentation while stimulating collagen production that will help do away with the dark circles and improve your skin texture.

Dermal Fillers That's where dermal fillers containing hyaluronic acid can be injected into the tear trough area to create volume and reflect light onto the shadowy area. This works best for dark circles brought on by thinning skin or loss of fat.

Home Remedies

Cucumber Slices The slice of cucumber is known for its cooling effect, and has antioxidants that help dispel puffiness and brighten up the under eye area. Place chilled cucumber slices on your eyes for 10-15 minutes.

Tea Bags Tea bags, mainly green or chamomile tea, contain caffeine and antioxidants that help reduce swelling and improve blood flow. Steep the tea bags, let them cool off, and apply them on your eyes for 10-15 minutes.

Almond Oil and Honey Dip a cotton swab in almond oil and honey mix and apply it in the under-eye circles. Let it stay overnight. Both the ingredients are nourishing and will lighten the dark circles with regular use.

Prevention

Healthy Life Habits

Get Enough Sleep Aim for 7-9 hours of good sleep every night to help reduce dark circles. Have a regular sleeping pattern and create a relaxing routine before bed.

Stay Hydrated Drink much water throughout the day. This will keep your skin healthy and hydrated. Dehydration makes dark circles more prominent.

Eat a Balanced Diet A good intake of fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and healthy fats can promote healthier skin. Foods that are rich in vitamins C and K and iron can help in reducing dark circles.

Sun Protection

Use Sunscreen Protect your skin from the sun. This will help in preventing pigmentation and premature aging. Apply broad spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 throughout the day, even on cloudy days.

Wear Sunglasses Sunglasses will act to shield the tender skin around the eyes from UV damage and thus help reduce formation of dark circles and other forms of sun damage.

Avoid Rubbing Your Eyes Eye rubbing and scratching will break the delicate skin and, as such, will further aggravate circles under the eyes. If scratching or irritation is needed, then local eye drops will be effective, or seek medical advice.

Consult a Doctor

Persistent Dark Circles If you have dark circles and many treatments have been tried by you to no avail, then it is time to go to a dermatologist. They can identify the root cause and treat accordingly.

Associated Symptoms If other symptoms are associated with it like swelling, itching, or pain, then the advice of the doctor must be sought as it can signal some underlying health problem that may need treatment.

Conclusion

Dark circles can be a pain in the neck, but with the right approach, they sure can be managed. You can ensure that your skin looks brighter and healthier by just grasping the causes, treating them, and living a healthy lifestyle. Keep in mind that it's all about being consistent; sometimes it takes time for results to be noticeable.

Consult a dermatologist or professional skincare expert for advice and treatments tailor-made for you. They will guide you as needed based on your skin type and condition.

By the end of this ultimate guide, you will have gone through some of the most dramatic ways of reducing dark circles under your eyes and achieving a refreshed, rejuvenated appearance.

[jadhav1999]

best Homeopathy Treatment for Vitiligo

Modern Homeopathy Treatment for Vitiligo

Modern Homeopathy treatment for Vitiligo is based on our research based homeopathic formulations. Modern Homeopathy’s advanced research – based treatments are believed to address the root cause of the disease. Modern Homeopathy’s remedies are believed to stimulate the body’s natural immune system to work effectively. They also try to activate the melanin pigment and help the skin to gain its colour. 

Modern Homeopathy treatment pain free, OPD based and without any side effects at all. Modern Homeopathic treatments work at the cellular level and make the irreversible pathology into reversible one. Modern Homeopathy also provides moral support to the patient and their relatives by keeping a close follow up with patient regularly and very frequently. We try to enhance the quality of the patient’s life and also increase the person’s life expectancy. Modern Homeopathy products help to boost up the patient immune system and live a healthy life ahead.

Conventional Treatment for Vitiligo

Conventional remedies for vitiligo are as – Corticosteroid creams.

Topical psoralen plus ultraviolet a (PUVA) therapy.

Surgical remedy: Pores and pores and skin grafts from the ordinary skin to the affected one.

What is Vitiligo?

Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment in certain areas of the skin, resulting in white or lighter patches. These patches can appear anywhere on the body, including the face, hands, arms, and legs. Vitiligo occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment (melanin), are destroyed or stop functioning properly.

Vitiligo is a pores and skin situation in which white patches appear on different components of the body. This takes place due to the fact the melanocyte cells that are liable for pores and skin colour are destroyed. White patches might also start acting sporadically and growth in length as melanocyte destruction spreads. Patches generally seem on arms and feet. Those physical manifestations of vitiligo may also lead a few patients to be afflicted by mood problems in addition to despair, which might also closely affect their personality. Vitiligo or leucoderma is a condition characterised by using lack of natural pigmentation of the skin and the advent of white patches of varying shapes and sizes, on it. It has a gradual progression, and frequently appears symmetrically on both facets of the frame (on each the legs, fingers, etc). In rare cases, one finds vitiligo spreading all over the frame. Vitiligo isn’t always risky or infectious, its clinical importance is a lot less than the social stigma attached to it. About four% of the sector’s populace has vitiligo or leucoderma.

Causes of Vitiligo

Despite the fact that the precise reason of vitiligo isn’t always acknowledged, it’s far commonly associated with the body’s destruction of pigmented cells (melanocytes), whilst it fails to apprehend them as its personal (autoimmunity). 

A few predisposing factors that have been identified encompass:

Hormonal disturbances

Own family records of vitiligo

Conditions like hypothyroidism, diabetes, alopecia areata, cancer.

Some precipitating factors that have been diagnosed to facilitate the improvement of this condition consist of:

Pressure of tight garments (which include on the waist)

Occupational risks (consisting of carrying positive rubber hand-gloves)

Long term intake of certain medications.

Diagnosis of Vitiligo

Diagnosis of vitiligo is based totally on the clinical history, a bodily examination and sure checks, together with a biopsy of the de-pigmented patch. Your doctor may advocate other checks, consisting of blood mobile count number or thyroid function, to determine other associated situations.

Causes and Symptoms of Vitiligo

The exact cause of vitiligo remains unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors. Here are some key aspects to consider:

Genetic Factors: Vitiligo may run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.

Autoimmune Response: The immune system may mistakenly target and destroy melanocytes.

Skin Trauma: Physical injury or stress to the skin can trigger vitiligo in some individuals.

Symptoms of Vitiligo

White Patches: Discoloured areas of skin that may gradually expand over time.

Loss of Colour in Hair: Hair in affected areas may turn white or grey.

Increased Sensitivity: The affected skin may become more sensitive to sunlight and other irritants.

Modern Homeopathic Treatment for Vitiligo

Homeopathy offers a holistic approach to treating vitiligo, focusing on the overall health and individual symptoms of the patient rather than just the skin condition itself.

Homeopathy is based on the principle of "like cures like," where substances that cause symptoms in a healthy person can, in small doses, treat similar symptoms in a sick person. Homeopathic remedies aim to stimulate the body’s natural healing processes and restore balance.

Modern Homeopathic treatment for vitiligo typically involves:

Personalized Consultation: A homeopath will conduct a detailed assessment of your physical, emotional, and psychological health to select the most appropriate remedies.

Holistic Treatment: Remedies are chosen based on your overall health and specific symptoms, aiming to improve skin condition and overall well-being.

Supportive Care: Homeopathic treatment often includes lifestyle and dietary recommendations to support skin health and overall balance.

Advantages of Homeopathic Treatment

Gentle: Homeopathic remedies are well-tolerated with no side effects.

Holistic Focus: Homeopathy addresses the underlying causes and overall health, rather than just treating the symptoms.

Individualized Care: Treatments are tailored to each person’s unique symptoms and health profile, offering a personalized approach.

Vitiligo is a complex skin condition that can significantly impact one’s appearance and self-esteem. While conventional treatments offer various options, homeopathic treatment provides a holistic and personalized approach that focuses on the whole person. By addressing underlying factors and supporting overall health, modern homeopathy aims to enhance well-being and improve skin condition.

If you or someone you know is dealing with vitiligo and interested in exploring homeopathic treatment, consider consulting with Modern Homeopathy. With the right support and personalized care, it is possible to manage vitiligo effectively and improve quality of life.

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Uncovering effective approaches to deal with hyperpigmentation is essential for successful management.

Contrary to popular belief, hyperpigmentation and dark spots are more prevalent than one might think. Many individuals struggle with these skin concerns, yet only a select few possess a comprehensive understanding of their causes and the most effective remedies. If you've been contemplating the best way to address these stubborn spots and achieve a complexion that is clear and free from blemishes, you've arrived at the right destination. In this all-inclusive guide, we will embark on a journey to uncover all the essential information about hyperpigmentation and dark spots. We will explore the different types, reveal the most effective home remedies, and enlighten you about the professional treatments that are within your reach. Scarguard Review Get set to bid farewell to an uneven skin tone and extend a warm welcome to a radiant complexion. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of hyperpigmentation is essential for individuals seeking to effectively address and treat dark spots and achieve a more even skin tone. Hyperpigmentation is a prevalent skin condition marked by the darkening of specific areas of the skin as a result of an excessive production of melanin. The development of hyperpigmentation can be influenced by several factors, including exposure to the sun, hormonal fluctuations, instances of inflammation, and the use of certain medications. www.purehnb.com/azelaic-vs-glycolic-for-hyperpigmentation/ Melanin, the pigment that gives our skin its color, plays a significant role. However, when melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, become overactive or damaged, they produce an excess amount of melanin. This excess melanin production leads to the formation of dark spots and patches on the skin, known as hyperpigmentation. These areas of hyperpigmentation can vary in size, shape, and intensity, and can occur on any part of the body. Differentiating between various types of hyperpigmentation is crucial, as the approach to treatment may differ. Some of the most prevalent types include melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and age spots. Hormonal changes often serve as the trigger for melasma, which is characterized by the presence of larger, symmetrical patches on the face. In contrast, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation usually occurs after an injury or inflammation, such as acne or a cut, and presents as small, dark spots. Sun exposure is often responsible for the development of age spots, also known as liver spots, which are characterized by small, flat spots varying in color from light to dark brown. These spots typically emerge on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun. Having a clear understanding of the root causes of hyperpigmentation can aid in choosing the most suitable treatment methods. These may involve the use of topical creams or serums that contain ingredients such as hydroquinone, retinoids, or kojic acid. These components have the potential to lighten and diminish the appearance of dark spots. www.purehnb.com/hyperpigmentation-darker-before-fades/ Exfoliating the skin and stimulating collagen production are key aspects of addressing hyperpigmentation, and methods such as chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser therapy are commonly utilized for this purpose. Apart from receiving treatment, it is imperative to protect the skin from additional damage by using sunscreen with a high SPF and avoiding excessive sun exposure. Sunscreen not only prevents dark spots from getting darker but also helps prevent the formation of new ones. Attaining a more uniform complexion and tackling dark spots begins with comprehending hyperpigmentation as the initial step. By having an understanding of the causes and treatment options that are available, you can proactively take measures to improve the look of your skin and rejuvenate its natural luminosity. Remember to consult with a dermatologist or skincare professional to receive personalized advice and guidance tailored to your specific condition. To comprehensively address and treat dark spots, it is vital to comprehend the common causes that underlie their development. www.purehnb.com/does-hyperpigmentation-spread/ Hyperpigmentation, known as dark spots, can be caused by multiple factors, with sun exposure being a common culprit. When your skin is exposed to the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, it stimulates excessive melanin production, resulting in the appearance of dark spots. Another common cause is hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy or when taking certain medications. These changes can stimulate melanin production, resulting in the formation of dark patches on the skin. Hyperpigmentation can be a result of inflammation and skin injuries, including acne. When the skin is inflamed or injured, it produces an excess of melanin as a part of its natural healing process. In addition, certain skincare products or treatments that cause skin irritation can contribute to the formation of dark spots. To avoid triggering hyperpigmentation, it is essential to exercise caution and choose gentle, non-irritating products. Hyperpigmentation appears in different forms, each with its own set of characteristics and underlying causes. Acquiring a thorough understanding of these diverse types is critical in identifying the appropriate treatment approach for your particular condition. Melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), sunspots, and age spots are among the most prevalent types of hyperpigmentation. Melasma, a widely encountered type of hyperpigmentation, primarily affects women and is usually triggered by hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or the use of birth control pills. It appears as brown or gray patches on the face, especially on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) develops as a consequence of skin inflammation or injury. It can be caused by acne, burns, cuts, or even aggressive skincare procedures. PIH presents as dark spots or patches that are usually temporary but can endure for months or even years if not treated. Sunspots, also referred to as solar lentigines, are the result of extended exposure to the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. They typically appear as flat, brown spots on areas of the body that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, and shoulders. Age spots, also known as liver spots, are a frequently encountered type of hyperpigmentation that arises as part of the aging process. They are commonly found on areas of the body exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, and arms. Age spots present as flat, tan or brown spots that vary in size. Melasma, a frequently encountered form of hyperpigmentation, is identified by the presence of brown or gray patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. The patches of melasma usually display symmetrical characteristics and can differ in size. This condition is more commonly observed in women, especially during pregnancy or when using hormonal contraceptives. To effectively manage melasma, it is imperative to protect your skin from the sun. Sun exposure can worsen the condition and amplify pigmentation. Make sure to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, and don't forget to reapply every two hours, especially if you're outside. In addition, wear a wide-brimmed hat and seek shade whenever available. Using topical treatments can also assist in fading melasma. Look for products that contain ingredients such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, or retinoids. These ingredients have the potential to lighten the dark patches and even out the skin tone. However, it is important to use these products under the guidance of a dermatologist, as they can cause skin irritation if not used correctly. In some situations, your dermatologist may propose alternative treatments like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, or laser therapy to specifically target melasma. These procedures can help in exfoliating the skin and promoting the growth of new, healthier skin cells. If you're looking for effective remedies to diminish dark spots at home, there are several options that can help improve the appearance of hyperpigmentation on your skin. These remedies are often readily available and can be effortlessly incorporated into your daily skincare routine. Lemon juice is a commonly recommended home remedy for dark spots. It contains natural bleaching properties that can help lighten dark spots with regular usage. To apply, use a cotton ball to gently apply fresh lemon juice to the affected areas and leave it on for about 10 minutes before rinsing off. However, it is crucial to be cautious as lemon juice can have a drying effect, so it's essential to moisturize your skin afterwards. Another effective remedy to add to your list is apple cider vinegar. It contains alpha hydroxy acids that exfoliate the skin and assist in fading dark spots. Make a solution by mixing equal parts of apple cider vinegar and water, then apply it to the affected areas using a cotton ball. Allow it to sit for a few minutes before rinsing it off. Moreover, aloe vera gel is renowned for its soothing and healing properties, and it can also assist in fading dark spots. Simply apply fresh aloe vera gel directly to the affected areas and leave it on for approximately 30 minutes before rinsing it off. There is a wide range of professional treatments available that can effectively target hyperpigmentation and aid in lightening dark spots on the skin. One of the most frequently used procedures is laser therapy. Laser treatments function by specifically targeting and breaking down the surplus melanin in the skin, which is accountable for the dark spots. Through this process, the body is stimulated to naturally eliminate the pigmented cells, resulting in a more even skin tone. Another popular treatment option for dark spots is chemical peels. These peels consist of a blend of acids, such as glycolic or salicylic acid, that exfoliate the superficial layer of the skin. This reveals fresh skin cells and assists in fading dark spots. Dermabrasion is an additional professional treatment that can enhance hyperpigmentation. It entails the use of a specialized tool to exfoliate the outer layers of the skin, stimulating cell turnover and encouraging a more uniform skin tone. Finally, there are prescription creams and ointments that contain ingredients like hydroquinone or retinoids. These topical treatments can aid in fading dark spots over time by inhibiting melanin production or promoting cell turnover. To ward off and safeguard your skin from dark spots, it is vital to establish a consistent skincare regimen that includes appropriate sun protection and the use of effective topical treatments. Hyperpigmentation, commonly known as dark spots, is caused by the excessive production of melanin in particular areas of the skin. Sun exposure is a major contributing factor to the formation of dark spots, underscoring the importance of protecting your skin from harmful UV rays. Make sure to consistently apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher each day, regardless of whether it's cloudy or sunny. Additionally, wearing protective clothing such as wide-brimmed hats and long sleeves can further safeguard your skin from the damaging effects of the sun. Besides sun protection, incorporating effective topical treatments into your skincare routine is crucial for preventing and reducing the appearance of dark spots. Choose products that contain ingredients like hydroquinone, kojic acid, or retinoids, as these have been scientifically proven to fade hyperpigmentation. Adhere to the prescribed guidelines for applying these treatments, while being cautious of any possible side effects or sensitivities that may occur. In order to attain a complexion that is both clear and evenly toned, it is crucial to incorporate certain lifestyle modifications after establishing a consistent skincare regimen that encompasses sun protection and the use of topical treatments. Your skin's health and appearance can be heavily influenced by your lifestyle choices. The most important aspect to focus on is maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet. By incorporating various fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into your diet, you provide your body with important vitamins and minerals that support the health of your skin. In addition, staying adequately hydrated by drinking a proper amount of water daily helps in detoxifying your body and keeping your skin well-hydrated internally. Adding regular exercise to your daily routine can also have a positive impact on your skin. Exercise stimulates blood circulation, increasing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the skin cells, which contributes to a healthy and glowing complexion. Furthermore, exercise aids in reducing stress levels, which can play a role in skin issues such as acne and inflammation. Another crucial lifestyle modification is prioritizing enough sleep. During sleep, your body undergoes a regenerative process, including the repair and rejuvenation of your skin. The absence of proper sleep can contribute to skin dullness, the emergence of dark circles, and an overall tired-looking appearance. Make it a goal to get 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night to allow your skin to rest adequately. Lastly, the management of stress is crucial for achieving clear and evenly balanced skin. Heightened stress levels can disrupt hormone equilibrium, leading to breakouts and other skin concerns. Including stress management techniques like meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies can assist in maintaining optimal stress levels. To conclude, hyperpigmentation and dark spots are frequently encountered skin concerns. Gaining a thorough understanding of the causes and different types of hyperpigmentation is vital in effectively treating and preventing these issues. While effective home remedies are available, considering professional treatments can also deliver remarkable results. Furthermore, incorporating lifestyle adjustments and adopting practices to safeguard your skin can assist in maintaining a clear and radiant complexion. With the correct knowledge and approach, you have the ability to accomplish the skin you aspire to have.

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Uncover The Joy Of Our Massage Therapy In Our Salon In Burlington, Ontario

Massage is an effective way to relax and calm your body. Face, leg, or full body massages get all under our roof. Massage eliminates all the stiffness of the body. In addition, there are several other benefits too that you can enjoy with massage therapy.

You are ready to acquire the best massage burlington Ontario. Then why look here and there when our salon is there to de-stress you with the best massage therapy? Massage therapy supports a better, more tranquil mind and a relaxing body.

You can also fix your sleep problems with the best and most effective massage therapy. Hence, if the sleep problem is a major concern, try massage therapy once. It will help you.

Our professionals are experts and understand all the best techniques and steps that relieve your body from all the tension and soreness. In addition, massage improves sleep patterns but also supports overall well-being.

Book our massage therapy burlington Ontario, and have the best experience. We guarantee that after attending one session, you will see the results.

If you are experiencing a lot of stress and are exhausted from your daily routine and busy work schedules, then our massage therapy burlington Ontario.

Our spa sessions are super effective, and you will have a great time in our session. You can also book our salon for facials, manicures, pedicures, haircuts, and massage therapy.

We provide all. Furthermore, if you are suffering from skin abnormalities such as milia or hyper-pigmentation, you can choose our salon again. We have certified medical practitioners; you can entrust our salon with the best therapy.

If you are ready to experience the best salon assistance, book an appointment now for the best solutions. 

We have skilled and experienced massage therapists and spa specialists. They all possess exceptional skills and information regarding the body's most effective pressure points to reduce stress.

Make an appointment at our spa if you want massage therapy burlington Ontario. There are other effective and best skin and body treatments we provide in our salon.

Therefore, if you want toexperience it all, navigate our site. Our services are genuine, and we charge fair prices. Choose our best salon if you want the best massage and spa therapy in the Burlington, Ontario.

Book an appointment if you are looking for the best massage and spa therapy. If you are ready to fix your skin's flaws and eliminate body stiffness and pain, choose our salon for the best results.

Our salon provides you with the best body and skin solutions. We provide the best spa sessions to all our clients in our salon in Burlington, Ontario. 

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10 Key Questions to Ask Your Cosmetologist Before a Face Treatment

OMG! I hadn’t asked this particular question to my doctor about this face treatment in Baner before leaving the clinic. In order to avoid this sort of social faux pas, we've compiled a list of questions you should think about ahead of time in order to get the most out of your visit to the cosmetologist.  

Being curious to know the "how" and "what" about the face treatment exhibits an optimistic frame of mind, like how much they are concerned about their skin and face. best skin laser treatment in pune has a team of expert cosmetologists who come across several customers with multiple skin disorders every day. In this blog, we have listed all the relevant key questions after a word with them, and that will definitely help you come back happily after treatment with no questions left to ask.

Is the facial treatment suitable for my skin and tone?

Dry, oily, sensitive, and normal -  each person has different skin types and that is why it is required to know the suitable type of treatment. The face treatment you are planning for the skin tone must be suitable, and there should be no further side effects.

What are the available treatment options for my specific concerns?

The skin concerns may vary as per the skin type, and that is why it is important to ask this question about the suitable treatment options based on the needs of the face. In this situation, combinational therapy is needed.

Are there any pre- and post-treatment rituals that I need to follow?

This is the fundamental question that every patient needs to ask, irrespective of the type of treatment they are going for. The pre-and post-treatment rituals can either make the treatment results effective or be a daunting experience.

What is the procedure for this particular face treatment?

Asking for a face treatment procedure means you are concerned about yourself. This also helps to examine the in-depth knowledge of the cosmetologist about the particular face treatment.

Which face treatment will help me look younger?

The main goal of men and women who are going for a face treatment is to look younger and glowing, and if a client is asking for this, then it means they are passionate enough to achieve this goal and to look young and radiant.

What is the cost of treatment and the procedure for payment? 

The laser skin treatment in pune depends on various factors, like the popularity of the skin clinic, the expertise of the doctors, and the time spent on the treatment. Ensure that the cost of treatment and the procedure for payment are all effortless and convenient for the customer.

What is the recovery and procedure time after face treatment?

The recovery and procedure time of every particular face treatment may vary depending on the type of face treatment that you are going for. To achieve optimal results, you need to know the recovery time and the time they need to cut off from their daily routine for the skin treatment.

Do you have past customer experiences and a portfolio?

This is necessary to identify the reliability and credibility of the cosmetologist and their team. The past customer experiences and portfolio help to build trust with the cosmetologist and predict the end results after the treatment.

How many sessions do I need, and what is the time gap between each one of them?

Results take time, and you can’t expect the acne, pimples, pigmentation, and marks to appear overnight. That is why it requires multiple sessions, some on a monthly basis and some on alternate weeks. Keep this a priority and don’t miss any sessions; otherwise, it may take more time to get the results.

Are there any complications or risks if I am undergoing any medications?

If you have acne breakouts or any medication is going on regarding the face, skin, or health, then it is necessary to tell your story about this to your cosmetologist so that they can suggest precautions or safety measures.

Final Thoughts!

Glow is the one-stop destination to look radiant and glowing, and if you are someone who is willing to achieve this goal, then you should visit once. Before undergoing any treatment procedure, it is necessary to go through a one-on-one discussion between the doctor and the customer. In this procedure, you can ask the following questions that we listed above, and this will eliminate all your misconceptions and queries. Whether it is about the process, pre-and post-treatment rituals, precautions, or much more, always prefer reliable and credible face treatment clinics in Balewadi that provide safe and sound services in a hygienic environment. Also, keep in mind that you should never say "yes" to any treatment if you have doubts. Enter with a hassle-free mind to achieve better results.

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How Much Is Permanent Makeup Cost

Permanent makeup is an innovative and popular procedure that can provide a more natural look. It involves the use of specialized pigments, which are applied to the skin with precision instruments. This allows individuals to enhance their features or create a new look without having to undergo frequent touch-ups or reapplication of traditional makeup products. Permanent makeup offers many benefits and comes at different costs depending on the area being treated. An understanding of what factors influence cost will help ensure that clients make informed decisions when considering permanent makeup services.

The most important factor in determining how much permanent makeup costs is the complexity of the desired design. For example, if an individual wants intricate line work or shading within their design, it is likely to be more expensive than simpler designs such as lip colouring and eyebrow shaping. Similarly, larger areas such as full face treatments may require multiple sessions for complete coverage; these will also incur higher costs than smaller procedures like eyeliner application.

Finally, another key element influencing cost is the experience level of the artist performing the treatment; experienced technicians often charge higher rates due to their expertise and skill set. In order to obtain quality results from permanent makeup services, it is essential to choose an experienced practitioner who uses sterile equipment and high-grade pigments suitable for long term wearability. With this knowledge, clients can confidently select a professional they trust while staying within budget parameters.

Definition Of Permanent Makeup

Permanent makeup is an innovative form of cosmetic tattooing that alters the appearance of one’s facial features. It involves implanting pigment into the skin to create a lasting look, which can take up to several years before it begins to fade. Unlike traditional tattoos, permanent makeup is not intended as artwork or for decoration; instead, it provides subtle enhancements and corrections to existing features. Permanent makeup is also known as micropigmentation, dermapigmentation, paramedical aesthetics and cosmetic tattooing.

The purpose of permanent makeup treatments varies from person to person but generally includes defining eyebrows, creating fuller lips, camouflaging imperfections such as scars and vitiligo patches, enhancing the eyes through eyeliner and lash enhancement techniques, changing lip color and shape, improving areas affected by hair loss due to medical conditions like alopecia or chemotherapy side effects, correcting discolorations due to aging or sun damage and concealing birthmarks or other pigmentation issues. The result should be natural looking with minimal visible traces of treatment – if done correctly.

Factors Affecting The Cost Of Permanent Makeup

The cost of permanent makeup treatments can vary greatly depending on the procedure, geographic location, and other factors. In general, most people should expect to pay between $200-$1,000 for a single treatment. Factors that influence pricing include the complexity of the design or correction desired, how many sessions are required to achieve the look wanted (some procedures may require multiple visits), as well as any additional products or services involved in facilitating the ideal outcome. Additionally, certain geographical regions tend to have higher prices than others due to local supply and demand dynamics.

When considering investing in permanent makeup treatments it is important to research different practitioners and compare their services and associated costs. Many offer free consultations so you can discuss your desired results with them before committing to anything. It is also recommended that clients do their own research prior to seeking out a professional; this will help ensure they understand exactly what kind of service they want to receive and be able to make an informed decision afterwards when selecting who will provide these services.

Benefits Of Permanent Makeup

Permanent makeup offers a range of long-term benefits that make it an attractive option for many. According to recent studies, approximately 4 million people in the United States have opted for permanent makeup treatments and this number is expected to grow by 10% annually. This popularity can be attributed to the numerous advantages that come with it.

First and foremost, permanent makeup allows individuals to enhance their facial features without having to use more time consuming methods such as applying traditional cosmetics every day. Permanent eyeliner, lip liner, and eyebrow enhancements are some examples of procedures which offer lasting results so clients don’t have to worry about needing additional maintenance or touch-ups over time. It also helps reduce morning routines since there is no need to apply makeup before heading out each day; this provides convenience and saves time.

In addition, one of the biggest selling points of permanent makeup is its ability to help those who suffer from vitiligo or alopecia regain confidence in their appearance. Alopecia sufferers often experience severe hair loss but with permanent eyebrows they can achieve fuller looking brows while still maintaining naturalness. Vitiligo patients may benefit from repigmentation techniques that allow them to restore lost pigment on areas like lips, eyes, and scalp so they appear more even toned than before treatment. All these options mean that clients now have far greater control when it comes to altering how they look and feel about themselves overall.

Considerations Before Getting Permanent Makeup

Before taking the plunge into permanent makeup, it is essential to consider a few important factors that can impact the safety and success of these treatments. It all starts with finding an experienced and reputable permanent makeup artist who understands your desired look. During a consultation, discuss what you want in detail so that they can give you honest expectations about how much work will be needed for optimal results. This also gives them the opportunity to assess any contraindications or issues with the area being treated beforehand.

Removal of existing permanent tattoos should also factor into your decision making process as this may require additional steps before new procedures are applied. Complications from permanent makeup application and removal can include infection, scarring, allergic reactions, discoloration, swelling, and more; research your practitioner thoroughly ahead of time to ensure their techniques adhere to industry standards for best practices. Good artists often use digital imaging software to create mock-ups of prospective designs during consultations too for added assurance when deciding on particular styles.

Ultimately choosing a qualified professional is key in achieving desired outcomes while minimizing risks associated with permanent makeup applications; do not skimp out on thorough due diligence when researching practitioners prior to booking appointments!

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Permanent Makeup Safe?

Permanent makeup is a form of cosmetic tattooing that involves the use of pigments injected into the skin to create semi-permanent designs. Although it can be an effective way to enhance one’s appearance, there are also some safety concerns associated with this procedure. To ensure safe and successful outcomes, it is important for individuals considering permanent makeup to understand the potential risks as well as how best to maximize hygiene and take necessary precautions when undergoing treatment.

The first step in ensuring optimal safety with permanent makeup is proper hygiene. It's essential that clients choose experienced artists who follow stringent sanitation procedures. This includes using disposable needles and sterilizing all non-disposable equipment between each client session. In addition, artists should wear protective eyewear such as goggles or masks during treatments for further precautionary measures. Furthermore, clients should always ask about their artist’s experience level before committing to any procedure and research what type of pigment will be used so they know exactly what ingredients are being applied to their skin.

It is also important for individuals receiving permanent makeup treatments to recognize the potential risks involved which include allergic reactions due to unclear ingredient lists on products, poor quality pigments leading to discoloration over time, infection from dirty tools or unsanitary environments, scarring caused by incorrect application techniques, and pain resulting from trauma inflicted upon sensitive facial areas like around eyes or lips. With understanding these possible dangers comes knowledge of how best to minimize them through careful selection of practitioners as well as taking preventive steps prior and post-treatment such as avoiding sun exposure in order maintain long lasting results while minimizing unwanted side effects.

How Long Does Permanent Makeup Last?

Permanent makeup has the potential to last a lifetime, like an everlasting work of art. But how long is it actually likely to remain on your face? It all depends on several factors: lifestyle choices, skin type and quality and even genetics can play a role in determining permanent makeup longevity.

When considering permanent makeup lasting effects, one should consider the duration of the treatment’s results. Generally speaking, once applied correctly by a highly experienced permanent makeup artist such as myself, the micro pigments used will last approximately two to four years before fading naturally over time. However, this timeframe may differ from person to person due to individual biological differences which are beyond my control. During this time period I recommend regular touch ups for optimal outcomes.

It is important for those interested in seeking out these treatments that they understand what is possible with respect to permanent makeup lasting results so that expectations can be managed accordingly. With proper aftercare and maintenance, you can ensure that your desired look lasts longer than expected!

Does Permanent Makeup Hurt?

Permanent makeup is a popular cosmetic procedure that can help individuals enhance their appearance. Many people are interested in finding out whether this procedure causes any pain or discomfort, so it's important to understand the potential associated with permanent makeup pain.

When considering the level of discomfort during a permanent makeup process, there are several factors which must be kept in mind. Pain and discomfort levels vary from person to person due to individual skin sensitivity as well as techniques used by different artists: 1) Painless permanent makeup techniques involve numbing creams being applied before the procedure begins. 2) Aesthetic professionals may use an airbrush device for more delicate areas such as around the eyes and lips, which has been found to reduce the amount of pain experienced by many clients. 3) Some practitioners advise taking ibuprofen prior to application of permanent cosmetics, as this helps alleviate some of the associated pain and discomfort.

For those who experience anxiety about getting permanent makeup done, researching various methods available and speaking directly with your chosen artist can make all the difference when it comes to comfort during treatment sessions. Careful selection of professionals combined with modern tools and products ensures each client will have a pleasant experience while achieving desired outcomes without experiencing any significant pain or discomfort!

Is Permanent Makeup Suitable For All Skin Types?

Permanent makeup is an innovative and luxurious way to enhance your natural beauty, but it must be tailored to suit all skin types. It's essential that permanent makeup artists are highly experienced in their craft and possess the knowledge of different skin sensitivities. With the right level of expertise, you can ensure that your permanent makeup will match perfectly with your individual needs and provide beautiful results for years to come!

When considering a permanent makeup treatment, it's important to find out if it is suitable for all skin types. As this form of cosmetic enhancement requires special care and attention when applying pigments on sensitive areas, such as around the eyes or lips, it is vital that compatibility between the pigment and skin type is taken into account before undergoing any procedure. This is why skilled professionals should always be consulted prior to committing to a treatment plan - they can determine which products are best suited for each individual situation. Furthermore, due to the delicate nature of some procedures, extra caution should also be taken when selecting compatible colors with lighter complexions.

Ultimately, whether you have light or dark skin tones, there are many ways for a professional permanent makeup artist to customize your look so that it meets both safety requirements and aesthetically pleasing results. By finding an experienced specialist who understands how to work with all skin types sensibly and delicately, you can rest assured that your treatment will bring about stunning effects without compromising quality or comfort.

What Is The Recovery Time For Permanent Makeup?

When considering permanent makeup, understanding the recovery and healing process is essential. Generally speaking, the downtime for this type of procedure can vary based on individual skin types and the specific cosmetic technique being used. Understanding that all skin types respond differently to different techniques, here are a few tips to help you prepare for your own recovery time:

• Permanent Makeup Recovery - Most people need about 10 days for their permanent makeup heal properly; however, it’s best practice to wait at least 2 weeks before scheduling any follow-up appointments or further treatments. During this period of healing, keep in mind that some redness may occur during the first couple of days following your treatment. This should diminish within 48 hours post-procedure.

• Permanent Makeup Healing Time - It is important not to expose your newly treated area to direct sunlight or UV rays as they can cause discoloration and affect the overall outcome of your desired look. Applying sunscreen with an SPF 30+ will be necessary when outdoors. Additionally, avoid activities such as swimming, saunas/jacuzzis until after two full weeks have passed since receiving treatment. Lastly, refrain from wearing makeup directly over the areas for approximately one week post-treatment session.//

For optimal results and long lasting color retention, make sure to schedule regular touch ups every 6 months to 1 year depending on how quickly your body absorbs pigment. Properly caring for your healed permanent makeup will ensure maximum satisfaction with minimal maintenance required!

Conclusion

Permanent makeup can be a great way to enhance one's appearance and save time in their daily beauty routine. It is an increasingly popular cosmetic procedure, with many patients opting for permanent eyebrows, eyeliner, and lip color. However, it is important to understand the cost of this treatment before making a decision.

The average cost of permanent makeup ranges from $400 - $1 000 depending on the area being treated and complexity of design. In addition to that, additional costs such as touch-ups may also apply further down the line. Despite the upfront investment required for this service, research shows that over 90% of clients are satisfied with the results they get after receiving permanent makeup services.

In conclusion, while there is an initial financial commitment associated with permanent makeup, the long-term advantages often outweigh the cost. With proper care and maintenance, results can last up to three years or longer without needing any touch-up treatments. For those looking to improve their physical appearance without having to worry about reapplying cosmetics every day, permanent makeup could very well be worth considering.

How Much Is Permanent Makeup Cost Read more on: OmiB

Originally published here: https://omibbeauty.com/how-much-is-permanent-makeup-cost/

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Why vitamin E should be part of your skincare regime

Anti-aging, pollution-fighting, and blemish-calming discover why vitamin E beauty is trending. Recently, the use of Vitamin E in the skincare regime has surged in popularity due to the 'glass skin' trend. TikTok-ers are posting videos on how to get the look by using Nivea Creme and a vitamin E oil capsule. Mix them, smother them all over your face, and you can have glass skin. But not all experts believe it’s a good idea. If you’re worried you may look sweaty rather than dewy, you can reap the benefits simply by investing in products that already contain vitamin E. After all, it’s gorgeously suitable for all skin types. @drsomjiskin 🌟 @NIVEA – a timeless classic in the world of emollient creams! ✨ #SkincareSecrets #NiveaLove #EmollientMagic #SkinScience #VitaminECream #Cosmeceuticals #HealthySkinJourney #BeautyEducation #TimelessSkincare #SkinBarrierHealth #NourishYourSkin #InstaBeautyTips #SkinCareRoutine #GlowingSkin #SelfCareSunday #SkinCareCommunity #BeautyBasics #LoveYourSkin #HealthyHabits #SkinCareAddict #BeautyKnowledge #EducateYourself #SkinCare101 #NaturalBeauty #SkinCareEssentials #HealthySkinHappyLife ♬ Lofi Vibes - Gentle State “Vitamin E is an important fat-soluble antioxidant and has been used in dermatology for more than 50 years,” says Molly Arnold, a registered associate nutritionist at Holland & Barrett. “It can help protect from negative effects of oxidative stress caused by UV exposure and pollution.” That sounds great. But perhaps more importantly, she notes that incorporating vitamin E into a skincare routine may also help reduce blemishes and the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Vitamin E has moisturizing, soothing, and anti-aging properties that people frequently praise. “Vitamin E is often found in a cream or oil format that can be used topically, either on the face or on the body,” says Dr Eleanor Bradley, No7 Beauty science credentialing manager. “You can find vitamin E infused in face moisturizers or serums or in more concentrated ampules, often in combination with other antioxidant vitamins, like vitamin C. “My suggestion would be to incorporate a moisturiser or serum containing vitamin E into your morning skincare routine, to enjoy the full benefits of this ingredient, including protection against free radicals and the environment.” When it comes to pollution, living in an urban environment can lead to dryness, irritation, sensitivity, and even hyperpigmentation, according to Dr Ifeoma Ejikeme, a medical consultant skin expert and founder of Adonia Medical Clinic. “In a study on the How We Shop platform, 54% of those interviewed experienced dryness, and 82% of those interviewed were concerned about how pollution adds to this. Vitamin E is not only a powerful antioxidant, but also an effective moisturizer.” Vitamin E is found in many skincare and makeup products, including moisturizers, serums, eye creams, lip balms, foundations, and lipsticks. Ejikeme suggests looking for it listed as tocopherol or tocopheryl acetate in the ingredients. 7 of the best vitamin E beauty products 1. Now, Vitamin E soft gels Solgar Vitamin E softgels $27.41 If you’d rather ingest your vitamin E, take one of these capsules daily with plenty of liquid. 2. Institut Esthederm Into Repair SPF 50 Institut Esthederm Into Repair SPF 50 This wonder fluid helps to diminish pigmentation and sun spots while giving you high UVA and UVB protection. Active ingredients include vitamin E to help smooth skin and protect from damage. 3. Eminence Organic Skin Care Rosehip Triple C+E Firming Oil Rosehip Triple C+E Firming Oil $118 Eminence Organics Rosehip Triple C+E Firming Oil flawlessly accomplishes all three. It was expertly developed as an all-encompassing anti-aging serum. 4. Vitamin E Facial Moisturizer Malin + Goetz (New York) Moisturizer $52  This lightweight moisturizer keeps your skin balanced and hydrated all day. Its quick-absorbing formula is intensely nourishing, delivering just the right amount of moisture without feeling greasy or sticky. 5. No7 Protect & Perfect Intense Advanced Serum Intense Advanced Serum $27.99 This intensive serum is packed with vitamins A, C, and E to re-energize tired skin and protect it from environmental stress. 6. Kai Body Lotion Kai Body Moisturizer $42 This moisturizer contains a combination of vitamin E, wheat germ oil, and rice bran oil to keep skin feeling soft and radiant for daily hydration. Read the full article

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What Is The Difference Between Medi Facials and Regular Facials?

A healthy, youthful, and glowing skin is every woman's desire. If you are dealing with an irritating skin condition, or want a younger-looking skin, then you need to have a Medi Facial. 

Facials are an important method of making your face glow. These are often pampering, relaxing, and de-stress techniques that give you healthy skin. But, did you know that the facials offered at your favorite spa vary from those offered by your dermatologist? These are called “Medi Facials”. With the world changing every day, we see advancements in beauty treatments as well. 

Let us help you decode the difference between Medi Facials and regular spa facials.

What Are Medi Facials?

Medi Facials are specific, medical-grade facials that are done by a certified dermatologist using advanced technology, researched protocols, and science-based ingredients. Medi Facials are done using many devices and techniques that include lasers, dermaplaning, peels, and microdermabrasion. These are highly effective as compared to regular facials. 

Medi Facials focus on specific skin problems such as 

Acne

Sun damage

Spots

Dehydration

Sensitive skin

Aged skin

Types Of Medi Facials

Medi Facials are considered to be very effective in addressing your skin problems caused due to aging, pollution, and sun damage. 

There are different types of Medi Facials such as:

Clean up- This type of facial is ideal for oily, acne-prone skin, and skin with whiteheads and blackheads.

Hydrating facial- This type is ideal for mature, dull, dry, and dehydrated skin.

Illuminating facial- This type of facial works best for dull and dry skin.

Oxy facial- This type of facial helps you soothe, heal, and nourish your skin. Your dermatologist uses various serums for this facial.

Hydra facial- It is ideal for dull and dry skin, which makes your skin clean and fresh.

Pollogen facial- This type of facial is ideal for any age, which uses low-level laser stimulation and exfoliation methods. 

Laser facial- This type of facial is ideal for pigmented skin for toning and bleaching the skin.

What Are Regular Spa Facials?

These are salon facials that are designed to give you a more soothing and pampering experience. These facials simply target the superficial (top) layer of the skin, and the results are temporary. The products used are all chemical-based products, and there is no guarantee that these are of good quality. However, they do provide a temporary glow to the skin. 

How Are Medi Facials Different From Regular Spa Facials?

Medi Facials have become a trend these days due to the advanced technology used and their increased effectiveness in fighting skin problems. Currently, they have been successfully replacing regular spa facials. 

The difference between Medi Facials and regular spa facials depends on various factors such as:

Ingredients used

Regular spa facials use very harsh chemicals.

Medi Facials use safe, high-grade science-based ingredients.

Effectiveness

Regular facials are less effective in fighting skin problems such as pigmentation, and age spots.

Medi Facials are fairly more effective and use advanced technology such as lasers, light devices, and exfoliation technology (water jets, etc). 

Depth of skin invaded

Regular facials act and remove dead skin superficially through exfoliation.

Medi Facials act into deeper layers of the skin, which improves the collagen (it is a protein produced in your body, which plays an important role in the structure and function of the skin, bone, and cartilage), and speeds up the cell turnover (it is a biological process of shedding dead skin cells with younger, healthy cells).

Results after the facial

Regular facials give only temporary results.

Medi Facials provide long-lasting results.

Summary of the differences 

Regular facials do more harm than good to your skin.

It strips off your skin due to the harsh chemicals which damages the skin barrier system.

The creams used block the skin pores and cause more breakouts.

There is no specific facial used for specific skin types or skin problems.

Benefits Of Medi Facials

Medi Facials are the most effective procedures to provide a healthy, youthful, glowing skin. There are plenty benefits associated:

It penetrates into deeper layers of skin.

It provides long lasting results.

It uses skin-type specific science-based ingredients

Medi Facials use advanced technology such as lasers, peels etc. which does not erode the superficial layer of the skin.

Within 48 to 72 hours, you can get a glowing, healthy skin.

Within 28 to 48 days, you can get long-term results due to cell regeneration.

These facials are painless and non-invasive.

They provide anti-inflammatory and bacterial benefits to the skin.

Decreases stress and provides relaxation.

Tightens and moisturizes the skin.

Effectively reduces aging signs.

There is no downtime ( time required for healing after any procedure) required.

There are not many side effects apart from the usual redness (which is mild).

Who should opt for Medi Facials?

Any woman can opt for a Medi Facial, since it targets specific problems of the skin. Your dermatologist will take into account your medical history, your lifestyle, current condition of your dermal layer, and your skin goals for the future.

How Often Can You Opt For Medi Facials?

This depends on the results you achieve after a session. Your dermatologist will determine the number of sessions required depending on your skin type as well. 4 to 6 weeks is the ideal period between two sessions in many cases.

Treatments That Fall Under  Medi Facial

Mesotherapy- It is a process that injects vitamins into the dermal layer (middle layer) of the skin using  a microneedle. This helps in facial rejuvenation and skin brightening.

Chemical peels- This process uses mild peeling agents which brighten the dermal layer. It is ideal for women who want to achieve flawless and glowing skin.

Microdermabrasion- It uses high-definition machines to exfoliate the skin. The machine/ tool uses diamond tips to remove the superficial layer of the skin.

Microneedling- This process uses a dermapen or derma roller to apply a platelet-rich serum to the face. 

LED therapy– This process is used for women with early signs of aging. It uses blue and red LED therapy to enhance the benefits of the procedure. 

Takeaway

A healthy, youthful, and glowing skin is every woman’s desire. If you are dealing with an irritating skin condition, or want a younger-looking skin, then you need to have a Medi Facial. 

Contact our expert team of dermatologists at Kosmoderma, and book your appointment for rejuvenating skin treatment.

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Kan Je Oogkleur Veranderen: Alles Wat Je Moet Weten

Inleiding: De fascinatie voor oogkleur

De kleur van onze ogen is een van de meest opvallende en intrigerende kenmerken van ons uiterlijk. Het is dan ook geen verrassing dat mensen al eeuwenlang gefascineerd zijn door de mogelijkheid om hun oogkleur te veranderen. In dit artikel bespreken we de wetenschap achter oogkleur, de factoren die de kleur beïnvloeden en de methoden om je oogkleur te veranderen, zowel tijdelijk als permanent. Bezoek onlinecontactlenzen.nl voor meer informatie over contactlenzen en oogverzorging.

De wetenschap achter oogkleur

Wat bepaalt de kleur van je ogen?

De kleur van je ogen wordt voornamelijk bepaald door de hoeveelheid en het type pigment (melanine) in het voorste deel van de iris, het gekleurde deel van het oog. De verdeling en concentratie van melanine bepalen de kleur van je ogen, die varieert van lichtblauw tot donkerbruin.

Genetica en oogkleur

Oogkleur wordt voornamelijk bepaald door genetica. Het is een polygene eigenschap, wat betekent dat meerdere genen betrokken zijn bij de bepaling van de kleur. De twee belangrijkste genen die de oogkleur beïnvloeden zijn OCA2 en HERC2.

Factoren die oogkleur beïnvloeden

Naast genetica zijn er enkele omgevingsfactoren die de kleur van je ogen kunnen beïnvloeden:

Licht: De manier waarop het licht op je ogen valt en wordt gereflecteerd, kan de waargenomen kleur van je ogen veranderen. Dit is vooral merkbaar bij mensen met lichtere oogkleuren, zoals groen of blauw.

Emoties en stemming: Veranderingen in de grootte van de pupil als gevolg van emoties kunnen ook de waargenomen kleur van je ogen beïnvloeden.

Leeftijd: Naarmate je ouder wordt, kan de hoeveelheid melanine in je iris veranderen, wat resulteert in een verandering van oogkleur.

Methoden om je oogkleur te veranderen

Tijdelijke verandering van oogkleur

Gekleurde contactlenzen: Een van de meest populaire en toegankelijke methoden om je oogkleur tijdelijk te veranderen, is door het dragen van gekleurde contactlenzen. Deze lenzen zijn verkrijgbaar in verschillende kleuren en stijlen en kunnen zowel met als zonder sterkte worden gedragen.

Make-up: Het gebruik van oogmake-up in specifieke kleuren en technieken kan de waargenomen kleur van je ogen versterken of veranderen.

Permanente verandering van oogkleur

Stroma Medical procedure: Deze revolutionaire procedure maakt gebruik van een laser om de bovenste laag melanine in de iris te verwijderen, waardoor de natuurlijke blauwe kleur die eronder ligt zichtbaar wordt. Deze behandeling is momenteel in ontwikkeling en nog niet algemeen beschikbaar.

Irisimplantaten: Dit is een chirurgische ingreep waarbij een kunstmatige iris over de natuurlijke iris wordt geplaatst. Deze methode is zeer riskant en kan leiden tot ernstige complicaties zoals infecties, verlies van het gezichtsvermogen en zelfs blindheid.

De risico's en overwegingen bij het veranderen van je oogkleur

Hoewel het veranderen van je oogkleur een verleidelijk idee kan zijn, is het belangrijk om de risico's en mogelijke complicaties in overweging te nemen. Gekleurde contactlenzen, bijvoorbeeld, kunnen leiden tot oogirritatie, infecties en zelfs blijvende schade als ze niet correct worden gebruikt of als ze van lage kwaliteit zijn. Daarom is het cruciaal om altijd contactlenzen van betrouwbare merken te kopen, zoals die op onlinecontactlenzen.nl.

Permanente methoden zoals Stroma Medical en irisimplantaten brengen nog grotere risico's met zich mee. Zoals eerder vermeld, kunnen deze procedures leiden tot ernstige en soms onomkeerbare complicaties. Het is daarom essentieel om grondig onderzoek te doen en de mogelijke gevolgen te begrijpen voordat je besluit om een permanente oogkleurverandering na te streven.

Conclusie: Is het veranderen van je oogkleur de moeite waard?

Hoewel het mogelijk is om je oogkleur te veranderen, zowel tijdelijk als permanent, is het belangrijk om zorgvuldig de risico's en voordelen af te wegen. Tijdelijke methoden zoals gekleurde contactlenzen kunnen een veilige en leuke manier zijn om je uiterlijk te veranderen, mits je kiest voor hoogwaardige producten van betrouwbare leveranciers zoals onlinecontactlenzen.nl. Permanente ingrepen daarentegen zijn riskanter en dienen zorgvuldig te worden overwogen voordat je besluit om deze te ondergaan.