#cytotoxic compounds

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazilian and Spanish researchers develop inorganic material with antimicrobial properties

The result of collaboration between groups from the Federal University of São Carlos (Brazil) and Jaume I University (Spain), the innovation has already been patented.

An innovative composite made up of an inorganic polymer and semiconductor has been granted a patent as a result of the collaboration between scientists from Brazil and the European Community, under the auspices of the Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The patent is shared by UFSCar, in the state of São Paulo, and Jaume I University, in Castellón, Spain.

The researchers have developed a process to obtain a metal-carbon semiconductor compound with excellent antimicrobial properties, stability and low cytotoxicity, which does not need to be activated and can be installed on the surface of various types of material, facilitating its use as an additive and application in sectors such as health, automotive, construction or installation equipment, sensors, catalysts, among others.

The process used to prepare the material, which has been validated on an experimental scale in a laboratory environment, is carried out under mild synthetic conditions at low temperatures.

Continue reading.

[earhartsease]

we just went down a weird rabbit hole learning more about the strange mediaeval one-stringed instrument called the tromba marina, but also known as the nun's violin (nonnengeige - seeing that for the first time made us finally look up the instrument)

it looked like a very long, tapered, square (or other multisided) cone with one string on it (and sometimes sympathetic strings, which vibrate when you play the main one) that you play with a bow

the cited origins of the name are interesting - tromba marina for two reasons: firstly because the resonance of the instrument makes it sound like a trumpet, and second because it looks like a "sea trumpet" (what the name means) i.e. a sort of ship's megaphone

we now suspect a possible third reason, which is that in italian, tromba marina is the name for sea spouts (waterborne tornados) and the instrument looks a bit like one of those but upside down (or is the italian name because sea spouts look like the megaphone?)

anyway that would have been enough for us except the wiki article had a link to "sea trumpet" and we couldn't resist, and that link redirects to Megaphone, and that page starts out with disambiguations, one of which is for and we kid you not Megaphone (molecule)

and the megaphone molecule? sadly it's not so named because it looks like a megaphone - it's called that because, the article blithely says

Megaphone is a cytotoxic neolignan obtained from Aniba megaphylla, a flowering plant of Laurel family which gave the compound its name

and no that's not good enough - megaphylla just means "it's got big leaves" and you can't just leave us hanging and say the megaphone molecule gets its name (which means "big noise") from that?! wtf, wikipedia, wtf chemists

oh and here are those instruments, and here's what they sound like (yes trumpety)

oh and nuns used to play them

[science-lover33]

Decoding the Pharmacological Symphony of Turkey Tail Mushroom: An In-Depth Analysis of its Chemical Composition, Immunomodulatory Mechanisms, and Implications in Cancer Therapeutics 🍄🔬

Salutations, esteemed Tumblr intellectuals! Brace yourselves for a cerebral sojourn into the pharmacological labyrinth of Turkey Tail Mushroom, an exploration that transcends the ordinary and delves into the intricate interplay of its chemical constituents, the sophisticated mechanisms of immunomodulation, and the far-reaching implications of its therapeutic potential in the intricate landscape of cancer biology. Prepare your minds for an expedition into the realms of molecular complexity, immune orchestration, and therapeutic promise. Grab your favorite scientific journal, a pen, and perhaps a lab coat, for this journey is not for the faint of intellectual heart. ☕📚

Chemical Symphony: An Elaborate Choreography of Bioactive Compounds:

In the molecular ballet of Turkey Tail, bioactive compounds are the principal dancers, each executing a meticulously choreographed routine. Polysaccharopeptides (PSPs), intricate glycoproteins with immunomodulatory acumen, command attention. Through the fine-tuned modulation of immune responses, these compounds stimulate various facets of the immune system, orchestrating an elaborate dance that amplifies the body's ability to recognize and eliminate neoplastic cells. Concurrently, beta-glucans, linear glucose polymers, contribute to this biochemical ballet by fine-tuning immune cell responses, enhancing the overall antitumor immune surveillance.

Navigating the Anti-Tumor Terrain: A Molecular Expedition:

Our scientific cartography navigates the expansive anti-tumor terrain mapped out by Turkey Tail's polysaccharides. The inhibitory effects on tumor growth and metastasis are akin to molecular fortifications against cancer progression. Through intricate mechanisms involving the activation of natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages, Turkey Tail emerges as a sentinel, curbing the unchecked proliferation of malignant cells. Additionally, its antioxidative prowess, rooted in compounds like ergosterol peroxide, further shields cellular structures from oxidative stress, a nexus in carcinogenesis.

Immersive References: Nourishment for the Inquisitive Intellect:

1. Stamets, P. (2012). "Turkey Tail: Old Medicine, New Hope." Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal, 11(1), 54–59.

- Stamets' exposé weaves a tapestry connecting ancient medicinal wisdom with contemporary insights, shedding light on Turkey Tail's multifaceted potential.

2. Wasser, S. P. (2011). "Current findings, future trends, and unsolved problems in studies of medicinal mushrooms." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 89(5), 1323–1332.

- Wasser's comprehensive review acts as a meta-analysis, synthesizing the current knowledge landscape of medicinal mushrooms, positioning Turkey Tail within the broader discourse.

3. Sun, J. E., Ao, Z. H., Lu, Z. M., Xu, H. Y., Zhang, X. M., & Dou, W. F. (2002). "Antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of dry matter of culture broth of Inonotus obliquus in submerged culture on normal and alloxan-diabetes mice." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 95(2-3), 285–292.

- In the realm of metabolic interactions, this study offers a glimpse into the potential implications of Turkey Tail compounds in managing hyperglycemia and lipid peroxidation.

4. Kidd, P. M. (2000). "The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment." Alternative Medicine Review, 5(1), 4–27.

- Kidd's magnum opus serves as a compendium, dissecting the applications of mushroom-derived compounds in cancer therapeutics, providing a nuanced understanding.

Empowering the Community: A Call for Translational Excellence:

Knowledge is a potent elixir, yet its administration demands finesse. As we unlock the mysteries of Turkey Tail Mushroom, let us champion translational excellence, bridging the realms of bench and bedside. Always, without exception, seek the counsel of healthcare professionals, for personalized insights into the delicate interplay of molecular intricacies. Our collective journey extends beyond unraveling the pharmacological nuances; it's a clarion call to empower our community with the technical acumen to navigate the dynamic expanse of cancer research. 🌐💚

Your musings on this intricately detailed exploration are most welcome!

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Superior knee and hip replacements are a step closer after Flinders University and Chinese researchers further test and develop a new orthopedic implant coating which has the strong ability to ward off infection -- as well as stimulate bone growth. The technology, which has been patented after more promising results just detailed in the lead scientific journal Advanced Functional Materials, consists of novel Silver-Gallium (Ag-Ga) nano-amalgamated particles that can be easily applied to medical device surfaces. "The antibacterial capabilities of compounds derived from silver have been extensively researched. However, the cytotoxicity of silver ions currently poses a significant obstacle for the utilisation of silver ions in medical materials," says corresponding author Dr Vi-Khanh Truong, from the Biomedical Nanoengineering Laboratory (BNL) at Flinders University.

Read more.

[jcsmicasereports]

Acute kidney injury following exposure to a formaldehyde –free hair straightening products by Dr. Nabil Abu-Amer in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

ABSTRACT

Formaldehyde- free hair straightening products are hair smoothening solutions widely used by professional beauty salons. Formaldehyde-free hair straighteners do not technically contain formaldehyde, however they contain other chemicals such as glyoxyloyl carbocysteine which releases formaldehyde upon contact with heat. Moreover, its by-product glyoxylate may convert to oxalate, both compounds have potential nephrotoxic effect.

Case presentation: 41-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with weakness, nausea , vomiting and  stage three acute kidney injury according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes acute kidney injury staging (KDIGO) shortly after exposure to formaldehyde - free hair straightening product, other causes of acute kidney injury were excluded such as preceding acute illness, drug history or others nephrotoxic agent exposure On physical examination the patient was pale, her vital signs were normal. The urine microscopy and serologic workup was not indicative. Kidney core biopsy reveal interstitial edema, acute interstitial nephritis and oxalate crystal nephropathy. Kidney function completely recovered after a short course of steroid therapy.

Conclusions: We present a case of severe kidney injury after exposure to hair straightening products branded as formaldehyde free but actually contain other chemicals products which release formaldehyde and other toxic chemicals when heated during the straightening procedure and  may cause systemic toxicity, particularly kidney injury. Different cosmetic products are widely in use, not all are under a tight regulation, and therefore it is important to raise the awareness of both medical teams and consumers of possible adverse health effects of different cosmetic products.

INTRODUCTION

Nephrotoxicity is defined as kidney injury due to toxic effects of chemicals. There are various forms of chemicals and drugs that may affect renal function in various mechanism including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), tubulopathy and electrolyte imbalance, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), glomerular damage, crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy [1-3].

Formaldehyde- free hair straightening products contain potentially toxic chemicals other than formaldehyde. One potential such substance is glyoxyloyl carbocysteine, which is composed of glyoxylic acid, cysteine and acetic acid. Glyoxylic acid both releases formaldehyde when heated and is converted into either glycine by AGT1 (alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1) or oxalate by glycolate oxidase in the human cell peroxisomes [4].

Formaldehyde is a colorless aldehyde poisonous gas at room temperature [5]. It is usually mixed with water and when the small fraction of soluble formaldehyde reacts with water, it quickly forms methylene glycol. For every molecule of free formaldehyde, 1,820 molecules of methylene glycol are formed [6]. Methylene glycol reverts back to free formaldehyde almost immediately upon contact with air or skin. Formaldehyde is thus absorbed through skin, eyes, and inhalation, and is eliminated through the urine [7-8]. During the hair straightening process, high levels of formaldehyde are found in samples of air taken from beauty salons [9] and in specimens of hairstylist workers skin [10-11].

In the kidney, formaldehyde has been reported to cause direct cytotoxic effect resulting in acute toxic tubular necrosis [12-13], and may also cause an immune system response leading to acute interstitial nephritis.

Another potential nephrotoxic component of hair straightening products is oxalate, which is an end product of glyoxylic acid.  Increased levels of oxalate promote calcium oxalate precipitation in various tissues including the kidneys, resulting in toxic injury.

Case presentation

A 41-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism and sleeve gastrectomy five years ago, presented to the emergency department with profound weakness, nausea and vomiting. Her symptoms began three days earlier, immediately after using a professional hair straightening formaldehyde- free product in a professional beauty salon.

On physical examination the patient was pale, her vital signs were normal, heart rate  was 66 bpm, blood pressure was 125/70 mmHg, she had no fever or respiratory distress and appeared euvolemic.

Laboratory investigations revealed a serum creatinine of 3.46 mg/dl (one year prior to the event Cr. value was 0.6 mg/dl), urea 77 mg/dl, and electrolytes, liver function tests, Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and complete blood count were normal. Blood venous gases revealed: pH 7.375, HCO3 21 mmol/L and base excess 3 mmol. The anion gap and serum osmolar gap were normal. Urinalysis demonstrated leukocyturia +1 without hematuria or proteinuria.

During hospitalization urine output was normal, repeat urinalysis demonstrated leukocyturia +1 without hematuria or proteinuria, and Bence-Jones protein was negative. Urine microscopy demonstrated epithelial cells with few white blood cells without any casts or crystals. Renal ultrasound showed 14.4 cm bilateral echogenic, edematous renal parenchyma (shown in  Fig. 1).

A full serologic workup including hepatitis B and C, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, antinuclear antibody (ANA) , Anti-double stranded DNA, Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), Anti-Phospolipid antibody (APLA) was normal except for a complement C3 level of 80 mg/dl (normal range 90-110 mg/dl).

On the 4th hospitalization day a renal core biopsy was performed. The histologic examination (shown in Fig. 2) was correlatd with  acute tubular necrosis, tubulo- intersitial nephritis and oxalate crystals . With the diagnosis of interstitial nephritis, the patient was started on prednisolone 1 mg/kg, one week later serum creatinine decreased to a level of 0.98 mg/dl.

A: Glomeruli were normo-cellular and without signs of active glomerular disease (arrow heads), tubules showed signs of diffuse tubular injury (black arrow) and tubules contained oxalate crystals (blue arrow). B:The interstitium showed edema associated with multifocal mixed inflammatory infiltration with multiple eosinophils and foci of tubulitis. C:There was one epithelioid granuloma. D:Tubules contained oxalate crystals (blue arrow) observed under polarized light-microscopy. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed C3 1+ in blood vessel walls only.

Discussion

This patient presents an unusual case of kidney toxic and inflammatory injury accompanied with oxalate deposition secondary to hair straightening product. In a literature review, only few cases [14-15] of acute kidney injury (AKI) following hair straightening formaldehyde- free product exposure were reported. All cases were reported after 2019. The spectrum of kidney injury following hair straightening ranges from mild to severe kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. The histopathologic changes reported mainly depicted severe acute tubular necrosis and acute interstitial nephritis.

Our patient presented with stage 3 AKI following hair straightening formaldehyde - free product exposure. Other causes of AKI were excluded such as preceding acute illness, drug history or other nephrotoxic agent exposure. Laboratory workup revealed leukocyturia +1, and ultrasonography was significant for enlarged edematous echogenic renal parenchyma. Kidney biopsy demonstrated acute interstitial nephritis, oxalate crystal precipitation and acute tubular necrosis. We speculate that the clinical presentation and the histopathologic changes directly resulted from exposure to the hair straightening formaldehyde- free product.

In reviewing the ingredients of the specific product used in this case, it included glyoxyloyl carbocysteine, glyoxyloyl keratin amino acid, propylene glycol glycerin, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin disodium and other collagen, surfactant and fragrance components. We did not find evidence in the medical, pharmacological and chemical literature that any of these substances causes acute kidney injury other than glyoxyloyl carbocysteine.

Many hair straightening products are labeled as formaldehyde "free" but actually contain chemicals such as glyoxyloyl carbocysteine or methylene glycol which release formaldehyde and other toxic chemicals when heated, e.g the carbocysteine hair treatment represents the combination of glyoxylic acid + cisteine + acetic acid. Glyoxylic acid contains an aldehyde functional group, glyoxylic acid behaves as an aldehyde by  heating during the hair straightening process thus releasing high levels of formaldehyde gas exceeding the capacity of exposure[16]. On top of that, glyoxylic acid absorbed through the scalp may had converted to oxalic acid [17] which may precipitate in kidney tissue. It is possible that other components such as propylene glycol may cause osmotic renal injury. In this case, serum osmotic gap was not available since it calculated four days after exposure.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a case of severe kidney injury after exposure to hair straightening products branded as formaldehyde free is presented. This case highlights the sensitivity of the kidney to various environmental and commercial products, some of which have not been fully characterized or identified yet.

It is important to raise the awareness of both medical teams and consumers, of possible adverse health effects of different cosmetic products, including acute kidney injury, and perhaps promote tighter regulation of such products.

Statement of Ethics:

Ethical approval is not required for this study in accordance with local or national guidelines.

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available.

Conflict of Interest interests

The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose

Funding

No funding was obtained for this study.

Authors’ contributions

NAA, NZ, SM, PB, were involved in the clinical management of the patient.

NAA, MK, collected the data and wrote the first version of the manuscript.

NAA, NZ, MK, SM, PB approved the final version of the manuscript.

The authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Data Availability

All data that support the findings of this study are included in this article.

[baijianjiance]

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[healthcare-updates-with-sns]

Airway Disease Treatment Market: Market Trends and Market Forecast 2024-2032

The airway disease treatment market was valued at USD 2.23 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 3.54 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.29% from 2024 to 2032. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing prevalence of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis.

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Market Segmentation

By Type:

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)

Bronchiectasis

By Treatment:

Bronchodilators

Corticosteroids

Cytotoxic Drugs

Oxygen Therapy

Antibiotics

Others

By End Use:

Hospitals

Clinics

Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs)

Rehabilitation Centers

Others

Regional Analysis

North America dominated the market in 2023, accounting for a significant revenue share. This is attributed to high healthcare expenditure, advanced medical infrastructure, and a significant prevalence of respiratory diseases. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to experience the fastest growth, with a projected CAGR of about 7.40% from 2024 to 2032. Factors contributing to this growth include improved healthcare access, a rising middle class, and an increasing burden of respiratory diseases.

KEY PLAYERS

Holaira, Inc. (Aeris, Holaira’s Bronchial Thermoplasty System)

VIDA Diagnostics (VIDA Insight, VIDA Lung AI)

Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (Spiriva, Striverdi)

AstraZeneca (Symbicort, Fasenra)

Teva Pharmaceuticals (ProAir HFA, Qvar RediHaler)

GlaxoSmithKline (Advair, Breo Ellipta)

Novartis (Xolair, Ultibro Breezhaler)

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (Breztri Aerosphere, Pulmicort)

Pfizer Inc. (Breztri Aerosphere, Xolair)

Zydus Group (Duolin, Asthalin)

Merck & Co., Inc. (Singulair, Dulera)

AbbVie Inc. (Rinvoq, Humira)

Bristol-Myers Squibb (Orencia, Breztri Aerosphere)

Mylan (Symbicort, EpiPen)

Eli Lilly and Company (Emgality, Trulicity)

Roche (Xolair, Pulmozyme)

Amgen (Tezspire, Kineret)

Baxter International Inc. (Bethkis, Altabax)

Sandoz (Novartis) (AirFluSal Forspiro, Symbicort)

Cipla (Seroflo, Foracort)

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (Pulmozyme, Xolair)

Medtronic (Breathe, CoreValve)

Key Highlights

The asthma segment held the largest revenue share of approximately 54% in 2023, driven by its high prevalence and established treatment options.

The COPD segment is expected to grow at the fastest CAGR of about 6.16% from 2024 to 2032, due to an aging population and increased smoking rates.

Hospitals accounted for the highest revenue share of about 43% in 2023, owing to their comprehensive care capabilities and advanced treatment infrastructure.

The clinics segment is projected to grow at the fastest CAGR of approximately 7.03% from 2024 to 2032, driven by the demand for outpatient care and specialized respiratory services.

Future Scope

The airway disease treatment market is poised for significant advancements, particularly with the integration of digital health technologies and AI-driven diagnostics. These innovations enable real-time patient monitoring and personalized treatment plans, leading to improved patient outcomes. Additionally, the adoption of AI and machine learning in drug discovery is expected to accelerate the development of more effective and accessible therapies, addressing the growing global demand for respiratory disease treatments.

Conclusion

The airway disease treatment market is on a robust growth trajectory, fueled by the rising prevalence of respiratory conditions and continuous advancements in medical technology. Strategic collaborations and technological innovations are set to further enhance treatment efficacy and patient care, ensuring better management of airway diseases globally.

Contact Us: Jagney Dave - Vice President of Client Engagement Phone: +1-315 636 4242 (US) | +44- 20 3290 5010 (UK)

Other Related Reports:

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[meditechinsight01]

Global Antibody Drug Conjugates Market Expected to Achieve Consistent 9% CAGR Expansion by 2030

The antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) market is projected to grow at a CAGR of ~9% over the forecast period. Major factors driving growth include the growing prevalence of cancer, increasing demand for targeted cancer therapies, advancement in ADC technology, growing investment in R&D for introducing new antibody-drug conjugates, and increasing approvals by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EMA for ADCs. However, the market encounters certain challenges, including the high cost of development, stringent regulatory requirements that make the approval process lengthy and expensive, and increasing competition from emerging therapies.

Antibody-drug conjugates or ADCs are a novel class of highly potent biopharmaceuticals consisting of a monoclonal antibody chemically linked to a biologically active drug or cytotoxic compound. These targeted therapies harness the precise targeting capabilities of antibodies, enabling accurate differentiation between healthy and cancerous tissues, while delivering the cell-killing effects of cytotoxic agents. An ideal ADC has:

A highly selective monoclonal antibody (mAb) for a tumor-associated antigen that has restricted or no expression on normal (healthy) cells

A potent cytotoxic agent (generally a small molecule drug with high systemic toxicity) designed to induce target cell death after being internalized in the tumor cell and released

A linker that is stable in circulation, but releases the cytotoxic agent in target cells

Discover the more details-Download the PDF brochure:

Growing prevalence of cancer is expected to drive market growth

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally. According to GLOBOCAN 2024, in 2022, nearly 20 million new cancer cases were reported, alongside 9.7 million cancer-related deaths worldwide. Therapeutic approaches for treating cancer or tumors include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell therapy, laser treatment, hyperthermia, surgery, and photodynamic therapy, among others. Among these, chemotherapy remains the primary treatment method.

However, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are rapidly gaining attention due to their unique capability to combine targeted therapy with potent cytotoxic agents while leaving healthy cells unharmed. This innovative approach provides a promising solution for treating various types of cancers, including those resistant to conventional therapies. To date, 14 ADCs have received market approval for the treatment of different cancers, with over 200 currently undergoing clinical development. Further, ADCs are revolutionizing cancer treatment by offering a highly specific mechanism of action, delivering targeted and effective therapy, and bringing new hope to cancer patients worldwide.

Technological advancements in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology to propel market growth

Continuous advancements in the design and development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have significantly improved their efficacy and safety, making them increasingly attractive as treatment options. These innovations span several critical areas, including antibody engineering, linker technology, cytotoxic payloads, and manufacturing processes.

One breakthrough is the adoption of site-specific conjugation techniques, which provide precise control over the drug-to-antibody ratio, enhancing the consistency and therapeutic performance of ADCs. Another key innovation is the development of novel linkers that respond to specific conditions, such as the low pH in the tumor microenvironment, enabling targeted drug release and reducing off-target toxicity. Additionally, advances in antibody engineering and selection have led to the creation of antibodies with enhanced binding specificity, affinity, and pharmacokinetics, further boosting the potency and effectiveness of ADCs. Improvements in manufacturing technologies, such as the integration of single-use systems, have addressed some of the production challenges, increasing efficiency and scalability. As research in ADCs continues to progress, even more sophisticated and effective technologies are expected to emerge, broadening the scope of their applications.

Competitive Landscape Analysis

The global antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) market is marked by the presence of established and emerging market players such as Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd.; AstraZeneca PLC; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; Pfizer, Inc.; AbbVie’s; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Merck & Co.; ADC Therapeutics SA; Bolt Biotherapeutics; Mersana Therapeutics; and Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd.; among others. Some of the key strategies adopted by market players include new product development, strategic partnerships and collaborations, and investments.

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Global Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) Market Segmentation

This report by Medi-Tech Insights provides the size of the global antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) market at the regional- and country-level from 2023 to 2030. The report further segments the market based on product, application, target, and technology.

Market Size & Forecast (2023-2030), By Product, USD Million

Kadcyla

Enhertu

Adcetris

Padcev

Trodelvy

Polivy

Others

Market Size & Forecast (2023-2030), By Application, USD Million

Breast Cancer

Blood Cancer

Other Cancers

Market Size & Forecast (2023-2030), By Target, USD Million

HER2

CD22

CD30

Others

Market Size & Forecast (2023-2030), By Technology USD Million

Linker Type

Cleavable Linker

Non-cleavable Linker

Linker less

Payload Technology

MMAE/ Auristatin

Maytansinoids

Camptothecin

Others

Market Size & Forecast (2023-2030), By Region, USD Million

North America

US

Canada

Europe

UK

Germany

Italy

Spain

Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific

China

India

Japan

Rest of Asia Pacific

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

About Medi-Tech Insights

Medi-Tech Insights is a healthcare-focused business research & insights firm. Our clients include Fortune 500 companies, blue-chip investors & hyper-growth start-ups. We have completed 100+ projects in Digital Health, Healthcare IT, Medical Technology, Medical Devices & Pharma Services in the areas of market assessments, due diligence, competitive intelligence, market sizing and forecasting, pricing analysis & go-to-market strategy. Our methodology includes rigorous secondary research combined with deep-dive interviews with industry-leading CXO, VPs, and key demand/supply side decision-makers.

Contact:

Ruta Halde Associate, Medi-Tech Insights  +32 498 86 80 79  info@meditechinsights.com 

[literaturereviewhelp]

The choice for treatment depends on factors such as location, degree of severity, grade of tumour and the general state of the patient. In essence, the goal of cancer treatment is to remove or destroy the malignant cells without excessive damage to the body. Surgical treatment involves surgical excision of a tumour or an entire organ but the propensity of cancer cells to microscopically metastases makes it effective only in localized small cancers such as breast and prostate tumours. Radiation therapy can come in the form of radiotherapy, X-ray therapy and irradiation and uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells. This kind of therapy is used for the treatment of cancers of the brain, cervix, larynx, breast, lung, pancreas, skin, prostate, stomach, uterus or soft tissue sarcomas. It is also used in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Chemotherapy involves the treatment of cancer with cytotoxic drugs that can have many effects specifically geared towards the elimination of cancer cells. One of the effects of the drugs is to interfere with cell division by hindering the duplication of DNA and the separation of chromosomes. The anticancer drugs travel through the bloodstream making it useful for cancers that have spread. Leukemias and lymphomas and cancer of the testicles can be treated with chemotherapy but breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer cannot be cured by chemotherapy alone. Monoclonal antibody therapy involves the administration of antibodies that bind to a protein on the surface of the cancer cells. Anti-HER2/neu antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) and the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab are examples of this type of treatment. Immunotherapy makes use of a variety of strategies to enhance the immune system of patients. Examples of these include interferons and cytokines for renal cell carcinoma and melanoma and intravesical BCG. The most common combination of cancer treatment is surgery or radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy. There are many factors that determine the effectiveness of each method but there is increasing preference for combined modalities. This includes not only the physical uniqueness of the patient but also the socioeconomic limitations of the patient and the state which may be sponsoring the treatment. It is quite well known that cancer treatment is a financially challenging enterprise. 2.0 Research Aim The financial cost of treatment varies according to the degree of treatment required and the goal of the research to be conducted is to determine whether price differentials have an effect in morbidity and mortality in cancer treatment. To be specific, the inquiry would look into whether costlier procedures would to lead better results which would be taken as the lowering or eliminating the cancerous cells in the patient's body. 3.0 MethodologyAs previously mentioned, there is an increasing trend towards multidisciplinary treatment of cancer implying that there could be difficulties in comparing efficiency and effectiveness due to the overlapping of treatment. There are also many forms of cancer which further compounds the complexity of the issue. These concerns necessitate the need to define and limit the scope of the Read the full article

[legendaryturtletheorist]

Advancements in Cell Culture Techniques with Mediray

In the field of biotechnology and life sciences, cell culture is a fundamental technique used in research, drug development, and diagnostic applications. Scientists rely on precise methods and high-quality laboratory equipment to cultivate and study various types of cells. Mediray, a leading supplier of laboratory solutions, provides state-of-the-art cell culture products designed to enhance research efficiency and accuracy. This article explores the significance of cells in a 96 well plate, the benefits of using a suspension cell culture flask, and how Mediray contributes to advancements in cell culture technology.

The Importance of Cell Culture in Scientific Research

Cell culture plays a crucial role in biological research, allowing scientists to grow and manipulate cells under controlled conditions. It is widely used in cancer research, drug screening, genetic studies, and regenerative medicine. Two primary types of cell culture exist: adherent (or anchorage-dependent) culture, where cells require a surface to attach and grow, and suspension culture, where cells grow freely in a liquid medium. Each method has distinct advantages depending on the research application.

Cells in a 96 Well Plate: A Key Tool for High-Throughput Screening

One of the most essential tools in modern laboratories is the 96 well plate, a standardized microplate used for high-throughput cell culture and screening assays. These plates allow researchers to perform multiple experiments simultaneously, increasing efficiency and reducing costs.

Advantages of Using a 96 Well Plate for Cell Culture

High-Throughput Experimentation

Scientists can analyze multiple conditions in a single experiment, making it ideal for drug discovery and cytotoxicity testing.

Minimized Reagent Usage

Due to the small well volumes, researchers can use fewer reagents, making experiments more cost-effective.

Enhanced Reproducibility

The uniform design ensures consistency between experiments, leading to reliable and reproducible results.

Compatibility with Automated Systems

Many laboratories integrate robotic systems with 96 well plates to streamline workflow and data collection.

Applications of Cells in a 96 Well Plate

Drug Screening: Pharmaceutical companies use 96 well plates to test various drug compounds on cultured cells.

Cell Viability Assays: Researchers assess the health and proliferation of cells using colorimetric or fluorescent assays.

Genetic Studies: Scientists can perform gene expression analysis and CRISPR-based modifications in these plates.

Mediray provides high-quality 96 well plates that ensure optimal cell adhesion and growth conditions, making them an excellent choice for research laboratories.

Suspension Cell Culture Flask: A Game Changer for Scalable Cell Production

Unlike adherent cultures, where cells need a solid surface to attach, suspension cell culture enables cells to grow freely in a liquid medium. This method is particularly advantageous for large-scale production, such as vaccine manufacturing, monoclonal antibody production, and stem cell research.

Key Features of a Suspension Cell Culture Flask

Optimized for Cell Growth in Suspension

These flasks are designed to facilitate aeration and prevent cell attachment, promoting optimal growth conditions for non-adherent cells.

Scalability for Mass Production

Suspension cultures can be expanded efficiently, making them ideal for biotechnology companies producing biologics.

Reduced Contamination Risks

The sealed design minimizes exposure to contaminants, ensuring sterile conditions.

Compatibility with Bioreactors

Many laboratories use suspension cell culture flasks as a precursor to large-scale bioreactor production.

Applications of Suspension Cell Culture

Vaccine Production: Many viral vaccines require suspension-grown cells to generate high yields of viral particles.

Protein and Antibody Production: Biopharmaceutical companies use suspension cultures to produce monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic proteins.

Stem Cell Research: Scientists cultivate suspension stem cell cultures for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

Mediray offers premium suspension cell culture flasks, ensuring that researchers and biotechnology companies achieve optimal results in cell culture applications.

How Mediray Enhances Cell Culture Research

Mediray is committed to providing cutting-edge laboratory equipment and consumables to support cell culture research. Their products are designed with precision and innovation, ensuring researchers can achieve the highest levels of accuracy and efficiency.

Why Choose Mediray for Your Cell Culture Needs?

High-Quality Materials: Mediray supplies durable, non-toxic, and contamination-free culture ware.

Advanced Coatings and Treatments: Their products support optimal cell adhesion and proliferation.

Compatibility with Modern Laboratory Equipment: Mediray’s culture plates and flasks are designed to integrate seamlessly with automated lab systems.

Reliable Customer Support: Their team of experts provides guidance on selecting the right products for specific research needs.

Conclusion

Cell culture remains an indispensable technique in biological research, drug development, and biotechnology applications. The use of cells in 96 well plate enables high-throughput experimentation, while suspension cell culture flasks facilitate scalable cell production. Mediray plays a crucial role in advancing cell culture technologies by offering high-quality lab ware that meets the needs of modern research. Whether conducting drug screening, vaccine production, or genetic studies, researchers can rely on Mediray’s innovative solutions to achieve consistent and reproducible results.

[nikademus1969]

Appearantly, if you have diabetes, you should be eating Jerusalem artichokes instead of potatoes. ~~~~~~

Jerusalem Artichoke Benefits

Jerusalem artichokes benefits include improved gut health from inulin. This property is a prebiotic fiber that can help regulate bowels, balance blood sugar, regulate blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, and protect against cancers. More on these potential health benefits is below.

Improves Gut Health

The inulin fiber in Jerusalem artichokes is beneficial for gut health because it helps regulate bowel function while acting as a prebiotic. Inulin stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as bifidobacterium.7

This increased good bacteria can, in turn, help to decrease the number of bad bacteria in the gut and improve the gut microbiome. Maintaining a healthy amount of good bacteria is linked to reduced inflammation and improved metabolism and immunity.8

Assists With Blood Glucose Control

Inulin may also benefit glucose metabolism because it is a short-chain carbohydrate that is not metabolized and broken down into simple sugars like other carbohydrates, which means it does not raise blood sugar.

Some studies suggest inulin may help lower fasting blood sugar and reduce fasting insulin in those with type 2 diabetes.9 

Regulates Blood Pressure

Jerusalem artichokes are a good source of potassium, which helps regulate blood pressure and counteract the negative effects of sodium.10 High-potassium, low-sodium diets (such as the DASH diet) are recommended for reducing blood pressure.11

Reduces Cholesterol

The soluble fiber in Jerusalem artichokes can help lower high cholesterol and triglycerides.12 There is strong evidence that an increased intake of foods high in soluble fiber is important for achieving and maintaining cardiovascular health.13

Protects Against Cancer

When researchers studied the leaves of Jerusalem artichoke, they found 11 sesquiterpene lactones and two known flavones.14 Together, these compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities against cancer cells. Put another way, they help to kill cancer cells. More info here: https://www.verywellfit.com/jerusalem-artichoke-nutrition-facts-and-health-benefits-5076353

~~~~ @dumplin323, I found this on the interbutts, you may find it useful?

[cytgen]

Abstract Introduction. Chemotherapeutics are widely recognized for their adverse side-effects during anti-cancer regiments. One of the complementary approaches to circumvent this dilemma could be the exploitation of natural compounds, which could optimally counteract the cellular damages during chemotherapy. The present study ventures to evaluate the natural flavonoid, chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) for its therapeutic immunomodulatory properties along with the chemotherapeutic drug, cyclophosphamide (CP). Methods. Male Wistar albino rats were utilized for this study. Assays were conducted for acute toxicity, Hemolysis, Phagocytosis, Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress. RT-PCR, ELISA and Western Blot were performed to assess the expression of inflammatory markers. Results. Assay results such as Phagocytosis Index (0.009 ± 0.001), NK cell cytotoxicity (61.10 ± 4.99%), expression of Perforin (0.45 ± 0.05 fold) and Granzyme (0.86 ± 0.01 fold), hepatic antioxidative enzymes GSH (27.75 ± 1.54 μg/mg ), SOD (7.10 ± 0.35 U/mg ) and CAT (249.06 ± 31.30 μM/min/mg) and splenic hepatic antioxidative enzymes GSH (20.88 ± 0.74 μg/mg), SOD (7.10 ± 0.35 U/mg) and CAT (249.06 ± 31.30 μM/min/mg) among the CP-treated groups were compared with those for the CP+chrysin treated groups which were evaluated to be significantly increased with values of 0.016 ± 0.001, 82.73 ± 2.87%, 0.77 ± 0.08 fold, 1.11 ± 0.02 fold, 47.60 ± 3.02 μg/mg, 08.97 ± 0.42 U/mg, 467.19 ± 15.92 μM/Min/mg, 29.02 ± 1.59 μg/mg, 5.17 ± 0.94 U/mg, 310.29 ± 9.1330 μM/Min/mg, respectively. Histopathological examination indicated that CP+chrysin treated groups could recover from cellular damage triggered during the CP treatment. Conclusion. Results indicate the cytoprotective role of chrysin, which in turn, could be reliably administered as a complementary therapy along with CP during chemotherapy.

[life-around-me-yura15cbx]

Hedychium gardnerianum, the Kahili ginger, Kahila garland-lily or ginger lily, is a species of flowering plant in the ginger family Zingiberaceae, native to the Himalayas in India, Nepal, and Bhutan.

Clade:Monocots

Clade:Commelinids

Order:Zingiberales

Family:Zingiberaceae

Genus:Hedychium

It is known as 'wild kahili ginger' and is listed as a weed of concern on conservation land in New Zealand, Hawaii, South Africa and the Azores. It has been recognized as one of "100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species" by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). Its sticky seeds are easily spread by birds and roaming mammals, while rhizomes crowd out native seedlings by forming dense mats.

Medicinal research indicates that the plant compound, villosin, in Hedychium gardnerianum has potent cytotoxicity activity against human small cell lung cancer cells. Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic, Anti-histaminic activity, Skincare, Hair growth.

162 Scenic Drive, Titirangi, Auckland 0604, New Zealand

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