#converted church nova scotia

[hometoursandotherstuff]

This gothic church in St. Bernard, Nova Scotia is for sale to be converted to a home and it is magnificent for $250K. 8000 blocks of granite were brought from the train by bison, for it’s construction. Building was started in 1910 and wasn’t finished until 1942. Take a look at the possibilities.

The floor is in good shape, so you wouldn’t have to change it. Plus, I would imagine that the furniture would convey and there’s a confessional with is a cool piece. The statues, however, won’t remain.

It looks as if someone put the cabinetry place for a kitchen. Beautiful.

But look at this gothic architecture. 

All of the wood is staying, and someone who can build furniture could do a lot with that. Look at the intricate spiral behind the altar.

So, these are statues they’re taking. I would love to have them.

Can you imagine after the pews are removed?

I know it’s would be a lot to convert, but look at this ceiling.

And, the pipe organ.

There’s a huge basement.

Is the foundation collapsing?

It’s also on beautiful property.

https://www.remaxnova.com/residential/st-bernard-real-estate/3623-highway-1-st-bernard-mls-202304554

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"The first public reference to Klan activity in Canada appeared in the Montreal Daily Star, which announced the organization of a branch of ‘the famous Ku Klux Klan’ in Montreal in 1921, and reported that ‘a band of masked, hooded and silent men’ had gathered in the northwest part of the city behind the Mountain. In 1921, the Klan set up an office in West Vancouver, and British Columbia newspapers began to publish solicitations for Klan membership. KKK crosses were sighted burning across New Brunswick: in Fredericton, Saint John, Marysville, York, Carleton, Sunbury, Kings, Woodstock, and Albert. James S. Lord, the sitting member of the New Brunswick legislature for Charlotte County, becamea highly publicized convert. Later the Klan would infiltrate Nova Scotia, burning ‘fiery crosses’ on the lawn of the Mount Saint Vincent Convent, and in front of St John the Baptist Roman Catholic Church at Melville Cove near Halifax’s North-West Arm.

Reports of Klan activities surfaced in Ontario as well, where white American organizer W.L. Higgitt began a tour in Toronto in 1923. In the summer of 1924, a huge Klan gathering took place in a large wooded area near Dorchester. Cross-burning, designed to intimidate the village’s few Black residents, was carried out with great pomp and ceremony. In Hamilton in 1924, police arrested a white American named Almond Charles Monteith in the act of administering initiation rites to two would-be Klanswomen. Monteith was later charged with carrying a loaded revolver. Along with the revolver, police confiscated a list of thirty-two new members (‘some of them prominent citizens’), correspondence regarding thirty-six white robes and hoods, and a $200 invoice for expenses for ‘two fiery crosses.’ Monteith denied any involvement in recent cross-burnings on Hamilton Mountain, and was convicted on the weapons charge. The day after Monteith’s conviction, the arresting officer received a letter bearing a terse message: ‘Beware. Your days are numbered. KKK.’ Monteith’s conviction did nothing to put a crimp in the Klan’s membership drive. Between four hundred and five hundred members paraded through Hamilton in a KKK demonstration in the fall of 1929.

By June 1925 there were estimates of eight thousand Klan members in Toronto; headquarters were installed in Toronto’s Excelsior Life Building. The summer of 1925 witnessed hundreds of crosses burned across Chatham, Dresden, Wallaceburg, Woodstock, St Thomas, Ingersoll, London, and Dorchester. A group of hooded Klansmen tried to proceed en masse through the chapel of a London church to show their appreciation of the anti-Catholic address that had been delivered to the congregation. At a rally of more than two hundred people at Federal Square in London, J.H. Hawkins, claiming to be the Klan’s ‘Imperial Klailiff,’ proclaimed:

‘We are a white man’s organization and we do not admit Jews and colored people to our ranks. [ … ] God did not intend to create any new race by the mingling of white and colored blood, and so we do not accept the colored races.’

More than one thousand showed up at a similar rally in Woodstock.

At what was billed as the ‘first open-air ceremony of the Klan’ in Canada, two hundred new members were initiated at the Dorchester Fairgrounds in October 1925, in front of more than one thousand avid participants. The ‘first Canadian Ku Klux burial’ took place in London the next year, as robed and hooded Klansmen, swords at their sides and fiery crosses at hand, showed up to perform a ritual at the graveside of one of the Drumbo Klan. Ontario chapters sprang up in Niagara Falls, Barrie, Sault Ste Marie, Belleville, Kingston, and Ottawa. New headquarters appeared in a Vancouver mansion in 1925, and local chapters called ‘Klaverns’ sprang into existence in New Westminster, Victoria, Nanaimo, Ladysmith, and Duncan. Klan bonfires lit up Kitsilano Point. By 1928, the Vancouver Klan was soliciting signatures for a petition to demand that Asian Canadians be banned from employment on government steamships. A ‘Great Konklave’ was held in June 1927 in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, where an estimated ten thousand people stood by as hooded Klansmen burned a sixty-foot cross and lectured to them on the risks of racial intermarriage. Demanding an immediate ban on marriage between white women and ‘Negroes, Chinese or Japanese,’ the Klan proclaimed: ‘one flag, one language, one race, one religion, race purity and moral rectitude.’ The Saskatchewan group would later disaffiliate from Eastern Canada, to create an entirely separate western wing that was credited with signing up 25,000 members. In Alberta, ‘Klaverns’ came into existence in Hanna, Stettler, Camrose, Forestburg, Jarrow, Erskine, Milo, Vulcan, Wetaskiwin, Red Deer, Ponoka, Irma, and Rosebud. Alberta membership peaked between 5,000 and 7,000, but the Klan newspaper, The Liberator, produced out of Edmonton, purported to maintain a circulation of 250,000. Nor were the activities of the Klan restricted to rallies and cross-burnings. In 1922, the Klan was linked to a rash of torchings that wreaked more than $100,000 damage upon three Roman Catholic institutions: the Quebec Cathedral, the rest-house of the Sulpician order at Oka, Quebec, and the junior seminary of the Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament in Terrebonne. In 1922, threatening letters signed by the Klan were delivered to St Boniface College in Winnipeg. Before the year was out, the college burned to the ground, causing the death of ten students. In 1923, similar letters, signed by the Klan, were sent to local police and Roman Catholic authorities in Calgary. In Thorold, Ontario, the KKK intervened in a local murder investigation in 1922, issuing a warning to the town mayor to arrest an Italian man suspected of the crime by a specified date or face the fury of the Klan. The letter continued: ’The clansmen of the Fiery Cross will take the initiative in the Thorold Italian section. Eighteen hundred armed men of the Scarlet Division are now secretly scouring this district and await the word to exterminate these rats.’ In 1922, the Mother Superior of a Roman Catholic orphanage in Fort William received a letter signed ‘K.K.K.’ threatening to ‘burn the orphanage.’ The mayor of Ottawa was mailed a vitriolic letter, demanding he pay more attention ‘to Protestant taxpayers’ or the Klan would take ‘concerted action.’ Two Klansmen stole and destroyed religious paraphernalia from the tabernacle of the St James Roman Catholic church near Sarnia. The Ancaster Klan attempted to intimidate the African Brotherhood of America from erecting a home for ‘colored children and aged colored folk.’

The Belleville Klan visited the office of the Belleville Intelligencer, demanding that the manager dismiss a Catholic printer employed by the paper. The Sault Ste Marie Klan launched a concerted campaign to force the big steel mills to fire their Italian workers. A rifle bullet was fired at George Devlin during a wedding reception in Sault Ste Marie, with a blazing cross left behind to claim responsibility for the act. In 1924, local Klansmen surrounded the Dorchester home of a white man believed to be married to a Black woman. Threats were made to burn a cross outside the house of a white Bryanstown resident reputed to be involved with a Black woman. In 1927, several crosses were burned on the lawn of a white family believed to be running a brothel in Sault Ste Marie. The family was forced to flee their home.

Klan activities were also responsible for the removal of a francophone Roman Catholic postmaster in Lafleche, Alberta. The Alberta Klan promoted boycotts of Catholic businesses. The Drumheller KKK, which boasted a membership embracing forty of the town’s most prominent businessmen and mine owners, burned a cross on the lawn of a local newspaper columnist after he wrote a satirical comment about the Klan. Alberta Klansmen used bullets and flaming crosses to try to intimidate members of the Mine Workers Union of Canada during their bitter labour dispute in the Crow’s Nest Pass. Lacombe Klansmen wrote to the editor of the Alberta Western Globe after he opposed the Klan, threatening ‘severe punishment including the burning of his house and business to the ground.’ The same group kidnapped, and tarred and feathered a local blacksmith.

Throughout these activities, white police and fire marshals stood by, often present at the incendiary meetings and cross-burnings, content to reassure themselves there was ‘no danger.’ Despite the widespread evidence of lawlessness, Klan authorities tended to claim official disengagement whenever there was property damage or personal injury. Eschewing responsibility, they insisted that their organization had nothing to do with such events. Remarkably, the authorities largely respected these assertions of innocence, concluding that, without definitive proof that would tie named Klan officials to specific threatening letters or violent deeds, nothing further could be ascertained. Apart from the arrest and conviction of Almond Charles Monteith for possessing an unauthorized revolver, the only Klan event that attracted legal attention was the dynamiting of St Mary’s Roman Catholic Church in Barrie, Ontario, in 1926. On the evening of 10 June 1926, a stick of dynamite shattered the stained-glass windows and blasted a four-foot hole through the brick wall of Barrie’s St Mary’s Roman Catholic Church. Buffeted about by the explosion, Ku Klux Klan flyers were scattered throughout the street, strewn among the brick, glass, and wooden debris. Barrie was a major stronghold of Ku Klux Klan activity, and organizers had drawn a crowd of two thousand to watch hooded Klansmen conduct a ritual cross-burning on a hill outside of Barrie several weeks earlier. At that ceremony, thirty-year-old William Skelly, a shoemaker who had emigrated one year earlier from Ireland, swore fealty to the tenets of the Klan, to uphold Protestant Christianity and white supremacy. He was initiated as a member in good standing. It was Skelly whom the police arrested for the bombing days later.

Skelly voluntarily admitted his Klan membership to the police, and confessed that, the night before the bombing, Klan members met to discuss ‘a job to be pulled off.’ There was a drawing of lots, and when Skelly drew the ‘Fiery Cross,’ he realized he was the designated man. Skelly claimed that he was intimidated by fellow Klansmen, who ‘made [him] drunk with dandelion wine and alcohol,’ and forced him to carry out the deed under threat of bodily harm. In fact, he told the police, he had joined the Klan in the first place only because he ‘had had considerable difficulty in securing steady work,’ and was told that, if he joined, the Klan ‘would look after him,’ finding him employment. Skelly also implicated two other Barrie Klan officials, Klan ‘Kleagle’ William Butler and Klan Secretary Clare Lee. Criminal charges of causing a dangerous explosion, attempting to destroy property with explosives, and possession of explosives were laid against all three white Klansmen.

This time the Ontario attorney general’s office issued an official statement that ‘no group can take into its own hands the administration of the law.’ The white deputy attorney general, Edward J. Bayly, became involved personally when he made arrangements for a leading white Toronto barrister, Peter White, KC, to prosecute the trio on behalf of the Crown. Skelly, Butler, and Lee were all found guilty at a jury trial in October, and sentenced to five, four, and three years, respectively. Officials from the Toronto headquarters of the Ku Klux Klan denied all responsibility, claiming throughout that Skelly ‘acted on his own initiative,’ despite all the evidence to the contrary." - Constance Backhouse, Colour-Coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. pg. 183-193.

[steveskafte]

EVENING-DREAMING Like only a small handful of country churches in my homeland, this one has retained the powerless nature of its early years, still old-fashioned lamps for light. Built in 1873 for the Presbyterians, then later converted to United in 1925. Recent decades sees it serving as more a monument, simple structure centered in a small graveyard. Death is much of the life here now, with scattered burials still arriving every couple of years. All my visits have a kind of semi-waking quality, evening-dreaming, if you will. Pulling up on the quiet shoulder with no one else around, it's a good way to feel belonging as a stranger. Hands in your pockets, head on your shoulder, thinking about how sometimes beliefs are better kept to yourself. The past stares back – mine as much as anyone else's. I love an old building best when begins to belong to the landscape. It's like nature knowing better than how we think we do. June 14, 2024 Bay View, Nova Scotia Year 17, Day 6060 of my daily journal.

[churchforsaleca]

Unique Nova Scotia Church for Sale

Are you in search of a unique property in Nova Scotia? Look no further. This "Nova Scotia Church for Sale" offers an exciting opportunity to own a piece of history. Whether you're interested in preserving the building's religious significance or converting it for a different purpose, this property is a rare find in the picturesque province of Nova Scotia.

[atlanticcanada]

Mollys Reach: Cape Breton couple to build retreat for neuro-divergent children

As a growing little girl, 3-year-old Molly McNamara has a lot of energy, and she’s lucky enough to live in a place where she has room to let it all out.

"Wide open spaces,” her father Sean McNamara explained. “She loves to run, and she doesn't really stop from the time she gets up until the time she goes to bed at night."

Molly has autism, and until fall 2022, the family lived in Dartmouth.

In a stroke of fate, the family ended up packing their bags to live at a large piece of farmland in Big Baddeck, N.S.

"We moved here in November, and we have noticed since moving out of the city here that she is just doing amazing,” Molly’s mother Stephanie McNamara said.

Difficult experiences while traveling led to the couple coming up with a big idea for their big property.

"We were looking for a place to take Molly on vacation, and we noticed that there weren't really too many autism-friendly locations even across Canada,” Sean explained.

Now, they plan to convert their land into a retreat called 'Molly's Reach'.

The idea is to create a place for children who are neuro-divergent, along with their families.

"I mean autistic kids, kids with ADHD or Tourette's Syndrome,” Stephanie said.

The hope is that their location, which is close to the start and end of the Cabot Trail, will be convenient for families who are traveling.

"We're breaking ground, I guess as they say, in the fall,” Molly’s mother said.

By next summer, they hope to have two brand new accessible cabins, and hope to welcome their first families.

"Then after that, we're building a massive sensory barn,” she added. “The barn will have everything a neuro-divergent kid may need."

The couple is in the process of getting a business loan, and they're looking for community support.

The first of many fundraisers for Molly's Reach, a concert, is set to take place July 16 at a church just down the road.

"There are so many kids here in Nova Scotia who are neuro-divergent, and there isn't a space like this,” Stephanie said.

The hope is also that by having kids like Molly McNamara -- the project’s namesake and inspiration -- around will mean Molly's Reach will be its own reward.

For the latest Nova Scotia news, visit our dedicated provincial page.

from CTV News - Atlantic https://ift.tt/dPSHx9V

[college-girl199328]

A deconsecrated Roman Catholic church that has been a landmark to the Acadian community in southwestern Nova Scotia is up for sale and officially closed last summer as the number of people attending mass in the 1,300-square-metre building had fallen to about 30 to 40 people.

It was listed on Thursday for private sale with an asking price of $250,000 listing says during the church's 32-year construction was transported by railroad and oxen from Shelburne, N.S., to the small community 35 kilometers southwest of Digby. The church was completed in 1942.

Its interior is coated in plaster and framed by religious statues, with Douglas fir plywood from British Columbia used in the pews and wall panels of the parish council that thorough repairs would cost over a million dollars for improvements to the roof, water system, and the 28,000 cubic meter interior.

"One part of the roof should be shingled, but because of the height would be a normal shingling job for a roof gets to be much more expensive," she explained takes it over and will have to put some money into it now."

Lefort, 72, said she hopes an investor purchases the building and gives it a purpose that benefits the community attend another Roman Catholic church in the Parish of Notre Dame d'Acadie in Clare, N.S., which is an amalgamation of six parishes.

Jean Le Blanc, the president of the Heritage Society of St. Bernard, said in an interview Saturday he's hoping that the church will be converted into apartment units that address the shortage of housing in the rural area and will have some input as to what they will actually do with it," he said.

Le Blanc said a study by an architect had indicated that the building would be viable as a housing development with about 28 if the provincial government or donors assisted said he's also hoping that artifacts from the church will find homes within the area.

Lefort said it's expected that items such as religious statues and a crucifix behind the altar will be stored in another parish spokeswoman for the diocese of Halifax-Yarmouth was not immediately available for comment on Saturday evening.

[espiritista-de-luz]

Saint Anne is the patron of Indigenous Canadians and this began, arguably, with devotion to Saint Anne among the Mik'maq. Devotion to Saint Anne among the Mik'maq is widespread, She is absolutely beloved, She is known as the Grandmother of the Mik'maq.

In 1610 Grand Chief Membertou, along with twenty one members of his family, converted to Catholicism. While we can speculate on the conviction of his conversion, we do know that Grand Chief Membertou converted to solidify his relationships and trading with the French colonists. In 1628 Saint Anne was chosen as the patron saint of the Mik'maq.

Every year on the feast day of Saint Anne many Mik'maq will make a pilgrimage to Mniku (Chapel Island) off the coast of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Mniku traditionally has always had deep significance among the Mik'maq it being where the yearly gathering of the Mik'maq Grand Council, as it is still done, would take place on Mniku.

The Mik'maq will have a procession and gather at Saint Anne's Church. A Mass of Saint Anne is performed in the church and from there dancing, singing, community gathering and feasting are done outside the church.

A custom done by the Women's Council during the feast of Saint Anne is to wash Her statue with cloth which is then cut into strips that are given out to members of the community. Saint Anne's Ribbons are believed to provide protection, healing, and to uplift the receiver. The ribbons are word around the wrist or ankle.

Another custom performed during the feast day of Saint Anne is Her statue will be carried in procession to "the stone", a boulder on which it's said a French priest said the first Mass on Mniku. There the Santé Mawi'omi (Mik'maq Grand Council) members will offer words of wisdom as will the priest of Saint Anne's Church.

Photos:

1. Saint Anne's statue, draped in a traditional Mik'maq woman's cloak and rabbit fur, carried in procession. 2. Procession to Saint Anne's Church. 3. Dancing and singing in front of Saint Anne's Church. 4. Saint Anne's Ribbons on a picture of Mniku (Chapel Island).

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 7.25

306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. 677 – Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica by the Slavs in a three-day assault on the city walls. 864 – The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings. 1137 – Eleanor of Aquitaine married Prince Louis, later King Louis VII of France, at the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux. 1139 – Battle of Ourique: The Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques who is proclaimed King of Portugal. 1261 – The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. 1278 – The naval Battle of Algeciras takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista resulting in a victory for the Emirate of Granada and the Maranid Dynasty over the Kingdom of Castile. 1467 – The Battle of Molinella: The first battle in Italy in which firearms are used extensively. 1536 – Sebastián de Belalcázar on his search of El Dorado founds the city of Santiago de Cali. 1538 – The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil. 1547 – Henry II of France is crowned. 1554 – Mary I marries Philip II of Spain at Winchester Cathedral. 1567 – Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela. 1593 – Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism. 1603 – James VI of Scotland is crowned king of England (James I of England), bringing the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into personal union. Political union would occur in 1707. 1609 – The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there. 1693 – Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Mexico. 1722 – Dummer's War begins along the Maine-Massachusetts border. 1755 – British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council order the deportation of the Acadians. 1759 – French and Indian War: In Western New York, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé. 1783 – American Revolutionary War: The war's last action, the Siege of Cuddalore, is ended by a preliminary peace agreement. 1788 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his Symphony No. 40 in G minor (K550). 1792 – The Brunswick Manifesto is issued to the population of Paris promising vengeance if the French royal family is harmed. 1797 – Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain). 1799 – At Abu Qir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha. 1814 – War of 1812: An American attack on Canada is repulsed. 1824 – Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua. 1837 – The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone. 1853 – Joaquin Murrieta, the famous Californio bandit known as the "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed. 1861 – American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery. 1866 – The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank. 1868 – The Wyoming Territory is established. 1869 – The Japanese daimyōs begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869). 1894 – The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship. 1898 – In the Puerto Rican Campaign, the United States seizes Puerto Rico from Spain. 1908 – Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it. 1909 – Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from (Calais to Dover, England, United Kingdom) in 37 minutes. 1915 – RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British pursuit aviator to earn the Victoria Cross. 1917 – Sir Robert Borden introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%). 1925 – Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established. 1934 – The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt. 1940 – General Henri Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal. 1942 – The Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance to the German occupation. 1943 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by the Grand Council of Fascism and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio. 1944 – World War II: Operation Spring is one of the bloodiest days for the First Canadian Army during the war. 1946 – Nuclear weapons testing: Operation Crossroads: An atomic bomb is detonated underwater in the lagoon of Bikini Atoll. 1956 – Forty-five miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria collides with the MS Stockholm in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51. 1957 – The Republic of Tunisia is proclaimed, under President Habib Bourguiba. 1958 – The African Regroupment Party (PRA) holds its first congress in Cotonou. 1961 – Cold War: In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO. 1965 – Bob Dylan goes electric at the Newport Folk Festival, signaling a major change in folk and rock music. 1969 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war. 1973 – Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched. 1976 – Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo. 1978 – Puerto Rican police shoot two nationalists in the Cerro Maravilla murders. 1978 – Birth of Louise Joy Brown, the first human to have been born after conception by in vitro fertilisation, or IVF. 1979 – Another section of the Sinai Peninsula is peacefully returned by Israel to Egypt. 1983 – Black July: Thirty-seven Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners. 1984 – Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk. 1993 – Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War. 1993 – The Saint James Church massacre occurs in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa. 1994 – Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration, that formally ends the state of war that had existed between the nations since 1948. 1995 – A gas bottle explodes in Saint Michel station of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). Eight are killed and 80 wounded. 1996 – In a military coup in Burundi, Pierre Buyoya deposes Sylvestre Ntibantunganya. 2000 – Concorde Air France Flight 4590 crashes at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport, killing 113 people. 2007 – Pratibha Patil is sworn in as India's first female president. 2010 – WikiLeaks publishes classified documents about the War in Afghanistan, one of the largest leaks in U.S. military history. 2018 – As-Suwayda attacks: Coordinated attacks occur in Syria.

[hometoursandotherstuff]

Pretty clapboard church in Nova Scotia built in 1792. 

The doors are lovely. Maybe they were painted gray b/c they couldn’t be preserved.

This is a good conversion b/c they’re living in the nave, which is the best way to preserve it.

It looks like they added 2 rooms along the side. 

Very nice kitchen.  If they gave it a bit of color, it would be beautiful. 

The ceiling is beautiful and there’s a full view of the choir loft.

Isn’t the dining area lovely? That would’ve been where the altar was.

The main bedroom is in the loft and there’s a wonderful view of that ceiling.

This is beautiful. The window is stunning.

The bed and shower on the main floor.

Yow! This so white! It’s the half bath. This place needs some color.

Beautiful setting. ($575k)

https://www.remaxnova.com/residential/upper-granville-real-estate/7401-highway-1-upper-granville-mls-202209728

[curiousescapes-blog]

St. John's Maroon Church is a Methodist church located in Maroon Town , it is one of the oldest churches in Freetown. The Jamaican Maroons were men, women and children, originating from the Gold Coast in Africa, who had surrendered at the end of the Second Maroon War in Jamaica . . They had been deported to Nova Scotia by the colonial authorities in 1796. They settled down in an area that became known as Maroon Town. The Maroons gradually gave up their African beliefs and converted to Christianity. . In 1820, they received a grant of land between Percival and Liverpool Street in Maroon Town. Uncomfortable worshiping in Nova Scotian chapels, a group led by Charles Shaw Harding built St. John's Maroon Church in 1822. It is a small white building surrounded by a low white wall. To Live is to travel #Live #Love #Laugh #Travel #landofmybirth #blacklivesmatter #history #heritages #africanheritage #thisissierraleone #sunday #church #sierraleone #krio #creole #slavery #slavecave #atlantic #atlanticocean #freetown #arountheworld #earthpix #archives #jamaica #methodist (at St. John's Maroon Church) https://www.instagram.com/p/BvGjICdFj00/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1k1cogf5m3xn2

[atlanticcanada]

One person dead after lightning strikes home in Stillwater Lake, N.S.

Fire departments in Nova Scotia were busy Friday evening responding to a number of calls of buildings struck by lightning -- with several catching on fire -- and one reported death.

That fatality is in the Halifax area, where fire crews have been on the scene of a house fire on Buckingham Drive in Stillwater Lake.

Halifax Fire and Emergency says the call came in just before 8 p.m.

The home was occupied and officials say an adult has died. Another person was taken to hospital suffering smoke inhalation.

The fire department says the house has also been severely damaged.

The cause is under investigation.

In Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia RCMP and firefighters responded around 7:30 p.m. to a fire at St. Marks Place, a church converted into an event space.

It's located in the 5500 block of Highway 332 near Middle LaHave.

RCMP closed the highway down from Grimm Road to the LaHave ferry to allow crews to do their work. An RCMP spokesperson says no injuries have been reported and extent of damage is not known.

from CTV News - Atlantic https://ift.tt/3tZmHH6

[kootenaygoon]

So,

The moon was flirting with the Atlantic.

I’d been on the ocean for days now, straddling a stand up paddle board that belonged to Paisley’s father. His name was Phil. He’d been an oil executive in Calgary before retiring to Nova Scotia, where he’d bought a tiny rural church that had been converted into a house and relocated to a secluded inlet called Hell’s Cove. Paisley and I had lived there for a summer with her parents, working at the local campground, listening to Stan Rogers and chowing on butter-drenched lobsters as a little four-person family. During the initial move Phil and I had driven across the country eating dashboard pizza and babbling happily about whatever topics came to mind. I’d fallen in love with him the same way I’d fallen in love with Paisley, and now that things were over with his daughter I knew I’d never get to go paddle boarding with him again. 

“I’m running out of different ways to say I’m sorry to Paisley,” I said, gazing across the waves to where he floated nearby. “You know the way I felt about her, right? You know I really loved her?”

“That doesn’t matter now, Will. This drama doesn’t serve anyone. This isn’t a contest to see who’s the best person, okay? This is just how life happens, one day at a time. And both of you need to move on.”

I nodded. “Do you remember what you said to me that time, when we flew out of Halifax to Victoria? You remember Paisley was crying? You gave me that big hug and you whispered in my ear: ‘take care of my baby’”.

“Did I say that?”

“You did. And now I feel like I’ve failed you.”

Phil glared up at the moon like it offended him. His beard was grey and white, and his head was shaved close. He had the physique of a lifelong runner, and an orangey glow from being in the sun all day. He was one of the funniest people I had ever known, but right now he wasn’t in a particularly humorous mood. I recognized the expression on his face: it was the same one he used whenever he felt uncomfortable with how earnest and sincere someone was being. He lived for sarcasm, and hated people who took themselves too seriously. I was one of those people. 

“How long have you been waiting here?” he asked. 

“Well, I parted ways with Astra and Bianca maybe an hour ago. I wanted to get out on the water. I’ve never gone paddle boarding at night before.”

“The Atlantic Ocean is no joke, Will. You make a mistake out here? A little storm picks up? You could get swept out to sea and they would never find your body.”

I smirked, and quoted T.S. Eliot: “I should have been a pair of ragged claws, scuttling across the floors of silent seas.”

“That’s your problem. You don’t think the normal rules apply to you. Normal people don’t do acid at their job and get away with it. Normal people don’t smoke pot all day every day and get away with it. It’s not going to last forever, either. Do you hear what I’m saying to you?”

I shrugged, annoyed. The wind was starting to sting my skin, and I could feel my whole body erupt in goose pimples. I was trembling now, and cold, my teeth literally chattering. I looked over and it wasn’t Phil anymore, but my creative writing professor from UVic: David Leach. He was wearing a full wetsuit, complete with a wetsuit cap that made him look like a dork. I couldn’t believe he was still wearing his glasses, this far out on the ocean. My whole journalism career was thanks to this guy. He was the one who awarded me a scholarship and introduced me to Cam Carpenter. Without him I would’ve never gotten the job at the Trail Rossland News and now the Nelson Star.  

“It sure seems like you’re getting a kick out of the Kootenays,” he said, laying on his stomach and paddling towards me. “You’re like Mark Leiren-Young meets Hunter S. Thompson.”

I laughed through clenched teeth. Things were starting to get really uncomfortable. I slipped from the paddle board into the water and felt my body go slack, weightless. Meanwhile Dave paddled around me in circles. 

“So what’s been happening with your manuscript?” he asked. “Last time we talked you were shopping it around?”

I struggled to get the words out as my body continued to seize. “I took it to seven publishers and got seven rejections. But I got a really nice email from Nicole Winstanley.”

“Oh yeah? From Penguin?”

“She’s publishing my friends Eliza and Jay.”

“Just remember that once your book is out there, it’s out there. You don’t get to take it back. So make sure whatever you’re taking to them is 100% ready.”

David was one of the first teachers I encountered at UVic, and he ultimately worked his way up to being in charge of non-fiction. During the years of my undergrad there had been a posse of us who revolved around him, though he also kept a healthy academic distance. He’d written one book about a guy who died in a kayak accident, so I was glad he was here. I was worried that if my body wouldn’t cooperate, if my arms and legs stopped working, it would be game over pretty quick. Wouldn’t that be so fucking ironic, if I spent all those years working as a lifeguard just to drown myself? Water was seeping into my mouth, and I spat it out. My eyes blinked away the water droplets. My vision fuzzed and Blayne’s face appeared, looking bemused. I was laying sprawled in her lap, shivering violently, deep in the forests of Shambhala.  She laughed. “Dude, this has to stop happening.” The Kootenay Goon

[austinhjones]

𝐻𝒶𝓅𝓅𝓎 𝒮𝓉.𝒫𝒶𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒸𝓀'𝓈 𝒟𝒶𝓎 🎉 St.Patrick was a 5th-century Romano-British Christian missionary and bishop in Ireland. Much of what is known about Saint Patrick comes from the Declaration, which was allegedly written by Patrick himself. It is believed that he was born in Roman Britain in the fourth century, into a wealthy Romano-British family. His father was a deacon and his grandfather was a priest in the Christian church. According to the Declaration, at the age of sixteen, he was kidnapped by Irish raiders and taken as a slave to Gaelic Ireland.[13] It says that he spent six years there working as a shepherd and that during this time he "found God". The Declaration says that God told Patrick to flee to the coast, where a ship would be waiting to take him home. After making his way home, Patrick went on to become a priest. According to tradition, Patrick returned to Ireland to convert the pagan Irish to Christianity. The Declaration says that he spent many years evangelising in the northern half of Ireland and converted "thousands". Patrick's efforts against the druids were eventually turned into an allegory in which he drove "snakes" out of Ireland, despite the fact that snakes were not known to inhabit the region. Tradition holds that he died on 17 March and was buried at Downpatrick. Over the following centuries, many legends grew up around Patrick and he became Ireland's foremost saint. (at Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia) https://www.instagram.com/p/BvG7eSNFkmUcHWRZi93bLP0P07qrOCwEgMEg5A0/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=v8ge8yg1gz46

[freeafrikasociety]

The Moorish Proselytes of Archbishop Ximenes, Granada, 1500 by Edwin Long (1829–1891), depicting a mass baptism of Muslims

Note: Not all Muslins or Moors were expelled from Spain in 1492 or afterwards. There was no unified Spain but the Kingdom’s of Castile, Navarre and Aragon. There were also Moors living in Portugal.

A lot of Moors converted to Christianity and served in the military under the rule of Christian monarchs in Spain, Portugal and Italy. This means that they were part of early colonial expeditions to the New World. They fought in early Colonial wars and conflicts between rival European monarchies. Many were taken as prisoners of foreign wars when captured in these conflicts. This is how the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade began in the 1500s. Moors for centuries raided the coasts of Europe, reducing populations to the Barbary Slave Trade which Moors and North African Berbers controlled in the Mediterranean. In response, Portuguese merchant ships started expeditions along the Guinea coast. After the fall of Córdoba, they started making inroads into the interior with Songhai in decline due to internal divisions based on in-fighting among rival clans for monarchical succession. The Europeans also increased Slave raiding once Morocco helped to weaken Songhai, reducing it to a vassal state.

Moorish converts were part of these emerging colonial forces when the European crowns started commissioning these merchant expeditions which evolved into wholesale military expeditions of the crown backed by the Church.

This is why the following are true, upon closer examination.

1. Not all black People who sailed to the New World were under the yoke of slavery. They were however under the yoke of the Criwn.

2. While it is true that some Moors were part of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, they did not control the Slave Trade. In fact, they came to the New World as part of expeditionary forces prior to 1535.

4. The first Moors to set foot in Colonial America, under the Spanish and French were not slaves. They were “free-Born” citizens that had converted to Christianity and largely maintained their status in Nova Scotia, Spanish Florida and the Louisiana Territory.

5. Africans who were among the first to arrive in North America were largely prisoners of war. Many taken to the American colonies were taken captive as British pirates raided French, Spanish and Portuguese merchant ships and military expeditionary forces. This is why up until about 1690 most Africans in the American colonies were indentured servants. Many of whom had the ability to gain their freedom through performing labor over a specific period of time.

For all the above reasons, when some “scholars” claim that the Moors and Free Africans were involved in the Slave Trade ask them for specific references explaining who, location and time period/era.

One of the main problems, and false notions, is a belief that all Moors or free born Africans were kicked out of Spain, without explanation of where they went and what they did during and after expulsion.

As far as some of their descendants claiming NOT to be African or of African ancestry, that may be partially true. However, DNA analysis can help to settle those arguments, even though some results, or their analysis, may not be right and exact.

For example, my own DNA results do not indicate ancestry from France or Spain. However, there is no doubt that I have ancestry from those specific regions, that is documented rather extensively. In fact, the above statements are based on closer examination of this extensive historical record.

In the present, as well as the future, I will continue to share some of my findings as I am working on a book series and related projects with a focus on Race and Class in early Colonial Louisiana up through the Reconstruction era.

-Baba Omowale Jabali

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 7.25

306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. 677 – Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica by the Slavs in a three-day assault on the city walls. 864 – The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings. 1137 – Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Prince Louis, later King Louis VII of France, at the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux. 1139 – Battle of Ourique: The Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques who is proclaimed King of Portugal. 1261 – The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. 1278 – The naval Battle of Algeciras takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista resulting in a victory for the Emirate of Granada and the Maranid Dynasty over the Kingdom of Castile. 1467 – The Battle of Molinella: The first battle in Italy in which firearms are used extensively. 1536 – Sebastián de Belalcázar on his search of El Dorado founds the city of Santiago de Cali. 1538 – The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil. 1547 – Henry II of France is crowned. 1554 – Mary I marries Philip II of Spain at Winchester Cathedral. 1567 – Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela. 1593 – Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism. 1609 – The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there. 1668 – A magnitude 8.5 earthquake strikes eastern China, killing over 40,000 people. 1693 – Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Mexico. 1722 – Dummer's War begins along the Maine-Massachusetts border. 1755 – British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council order the deportation of the Acadians. 1759 – French and Indian War: In Western New York, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé. 1783 – American Revolutionary War: The war's last action, the Siege of Cuddalore, is ended by a preliminary peace agreement. 1788 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his Symphony No. 40 in G minor (K550). 1792 – The Brunswick Manifesto is issued to the population of Paris promising vengeance if the French royal family is harmed. 1797 – Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain). 1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte defeats a numerically superior Ottoman army under Mustafa Pasha at the Battle of Abukir. 1814 – War of 1812: An American attack on Canada is repulsed. 1824 – Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua. 1837 – The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone. 1853 – Joaquin Murrieta, the famous Californio bandit known as the "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed. 1861 – American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery. 1866 – The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank. 1868 – The Wyoming Territory is established. 1869 – The Japanese daimyōs begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869). 1894 – The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship. 1898 – Spanish–American War: The American invasion of Spanish-held Puerto Rico begins, as United States Army troops under General Nelson A. Miles land and secure the port at Guánica. 1908 – Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it. 1909 – Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from Calais to Dover, England, United Kingdom in 37 minutes. 1915 – RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British pursuit aviator to earn the Victoria Cross. 1917 – Sir Robert Borden introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%). 1925 – Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established. 1934 – The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt. 1940 – General Henri Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal. 1942 – The Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance to the German occupation. 1943 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by the Grand Council of Fascism and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio. 1944 – World War II: Operation Spring is one of the bloodiest days for the First Canadian Army during the war. 1946 – The Crossroads Baker device is the first underwater nuclear weapon test. 1956 – Forty-five miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria collides with the MS Stockholm in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51. 1957 – The Tunisian King Muhammad VIII al-Amin is replaced by President Habib Bourguiba. 1958 – The African Regroupment Party holds its first congress in Cotonou. 1961 – Cold War: In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO. 1965 – Bob Dylan goes electric at the Newport Folk Festival, signaling a major change in folk and rock music. 1969 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war. 1973 – Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched. 1976 – Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo. 1978 – Puerto Rican police shoot two nationalists in the Cerro Maravilla murders. 1978 – Birth of Louise Joy Brown, the first human to have been born after conception by in vitro fertilisation, or IVF. 1979 – In accord with the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty, Israel begins its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula. 1983 – Black July: Thirty-seven Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners. 1984 – Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk. 1993 – Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War. 1993 – The Saint James Church massacre occurs in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa. 1994 – Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration, that formally ends the state of war that had existed between the nations since 1948. 1995 – A gas bottle explodes in Saint Michel station of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). Eight are killed and 80 wounded. 1996 – In a military coup in Burundi, Pierre Buyoya deposes Sylvestre Ntibantunganya. 2000 – Concorde Air France Flight 4590 crashes at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport, killing 113 people. 2007 – Pratibha Patil is sworn in as India's first female president. 2010 – WikiLeaks publishes classified documents about the War in Afghanistan, one of the largest leaks in U.S. military history. 2018 – As-Suwayda attacks: Coordinated attacks occur in Syria. 2019 – National extreme heat records set this day in the UK, Belgium, The Netherlands and Germany during the July 2019 European heat wave.

[madamlaydebug]

Robert Nesta Marley (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican reggaesinger, songwriter, musician, and guitarist who achieved international fame and acclaim. Starting out in 1963 with the group The Wailers, he forged a distinctive songwriting and vocal style that would later resonate with audiences worldwide. The Wailers would go on to release some of the earliest reggae records with producer Lee "Scratch" Perry. After the Wailers disbanded in 1974, Marley pursued a solo career upon his relocation to England that culminated in the release of the album Exodus in 1977, which established his worldwide reputation and produced his status as one of the world's best-selling artists of all time, with sales of more than 75 million records. Exodus stayed on the British album charts for fifty-six consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "One Love". In 1978 he released the album Kaya, which included the hit singles "Is This Love" and "Satisfy My Soul". Diagnosed with a type of malignant melanoma in 1977, Marley died on 11 May 1981 in Miami at the age of 36. He was a committed Rastafari who infused his music with a sense of spirituality. He is considered one of the most influential musicians of all time and credited with popularizing reggae music around the world, as well as serving as a symbol of Jamaican culture and identity. Marley has also evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through a variety of mediums. In July 1977, Marley was found to have a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of a toe. Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match that year, but was instead a symptom of the already-existing cancer. Marley turned down his doctors' advice to have his toe amputated, citing his religious beliefs, and instead the nail and nail bed were removed and a skin graft taken from his thigh to cover the area. Despite his illness, he continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a world tour in 1980. The album Uprising was released in May 1980. The band completed a major tour of Europe, where it played its biggest concert to 100,000 people in Milan. After the tour Marley went to America, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden in New York City as part of the Uprising Tour. Bob Marley appeared at the Stanley Theater (now called The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on 23 September 1980; it would be his last concert. The only known photographs from the show were featured in Kevin Macdonald's documentary film Marley. Shortly afterwards, Marley's health deteriorated as the cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was cancelled and Marley sought treatment at theBavarian clinic of Josef Issels, where he received a controversial type of cancer therapy (Issels treatment) partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. After fighting the cancer without success for eight months Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica. While Marley was flying home from Germany to Jamaica, his vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to the hospital for immediate medical attention. Bob Marley died on 11 May 1981 at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami (nowUniversity of Miami Hospital) at the age of 36. The spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain caused his death. His final words to his son Ziggy were "Money can't buy life." Marley received a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981, which combined elements ofEthiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafari tradition. He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his red Gibson Les Paul(some accounts say it was a Fender Stratocaster). On 21 May 1981, Jamaican Prime MinisterEdward Seaga delivered the final funeraleulogy to Marley, declaring: His voice was an omnipresent cry in our electronic world. His sharp features, majestic looks, and prancing style a vivid etching on the landscape of our minds. Bob Marley was never seen. He was an experience which left an indelible imprint with each encounter. Such a man cannot be erased from the mind. He is part of the collective consciousness of the nation. Bob Marley was a member for some years of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. Bob Marley became an ardent proponent of Rastafari, taking their music out of the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and onto the international music scene. He once gave the following response, which was typical, to a question put to him during a recorded interview: "Can you tell the people what it means being a Rastafarian?" "I would say to the people, Be still, and know that His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is the Almighty. Now, the Bible seh so, Babylon newspaper seh so, and I and I the children seh so. Yunno? So I don't see how much more reveal our people want. Wha' dem want? a white God, well God come black. True true." According to Marley's biographers, he affiliated with the Twelve Tribes Mansion, one of the Mansions of Rastafari. He was in the denomination known as "Tribe of Joseph", because he was born in February (each of the twelve sects being composed of members born in a different month). He signified this in his album liner notes, quoting the portion from Genesis that includes Jacob's blessing to his son Joseph. Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq baptized Marley into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, on 4 November 1980, shortly before his death. Bob Marley married Alpharita Constantia "Rita" Anderson in Kingston, Jamaica, on 10 February 1966. Jason Toynbee (2013). Bob Marley: Herald of a Postcolonial World. p. 88. Rita has claimed that she was raped there [Bull Bay] by Bob in 1973 after he returned from London, and asked her to care for another child he was going to have by a woman there (Roper 2004). The formulation changes to 'almost raped' in her autobiography (Marley 2005: 113). But in any event, it seems clear that Bob behaved in an oppressive way towards her, always providing financial support for herself and the children it is true, yet frequently humiliating and bullying her. Marley had a number of children: three with his wife Rita, two adopted from Rita's previous relationships, and several others with different women. The Bob Marley official website acknowledges eleven children. Sharon, born 23 November 1964, daughter of Rita from a previous relationship but then adopted by Marley after his marriage with RitaCedella born 23 August 1967, to RitaDavid "Ziggy", born 17 October 1968, to RitaStephen, born 20 April 1972, to RitaRobert "Robbie", born 16 May 1972, to Pat Williams, born 19 May 1972, to Janet HuntKaren, born 1973 to Janet BowenStephanie, born 17 August 1974; according to Cedella Booker she was the daughter of Rita and a man called Ital with whom Rita had an affair; nonetheless she was acknowledged as Bob's daughter, born 4 June 1975, to Lucy Pounder, born 26 February 1976, to Anita BelnavisDamian, born 21 July 1978, to Cindy Breakspeare Other sites have noted additional individuals who claim to be family members, as noted below: Makeda was born on 30 May 1981, to Yvette Crichton, after Marley's death. Meredith Dixon's book lists her as Marley's child, but she is not listed as such on the Bob Marley official website.Various websites, for example, also list Imani Carole, born 22 May 1963 to Cheryl Murray; but she does not appear on the official Bob Marley website. Football. Aside from music, football played a major role throughout his life. As well as playing the game, in parking lots, fields, and even inside recording studios, growing up he followed the Brazilian club Santos and its star player Pelé. Marley surrounded himself with people from the sport, and in the 1970s made the Jamaican international footballerAllan “Skill” Cole his tour manager. He told a journalist, “If you want to get to know me, you will have to play football against me and the Wailers.” Marley was a Pan-Africanist, and believed in the unity of African people worldwide. His beliefs in Pan-Africanism were rooted in his Rastafari religious beliefs. He was substantially inspired by Marcus Garvey, and had anti-imperialist and pro-African themes in many of his songs, such as "Zimbabwe", "Exodus", "Survival", "Blackman Redemption", and "Redemption Song". "Redemption Song" draws influence from a speech given by Marcus Garvey in Nova Scotia, 1937. In the song "Africa Unite", Bob Marley sings of a desire for all peoples of the African diaspora to come together and fight against "Babylon", which represents imperialist and colonialist ideals that have oppressed African people through the eradication of their original culture and beliefs. Marley believed that independence of African countries (such asZimbabwe) from European domination was a victory for all peoples of the African diaspora. Marley considered cannabis a healing herb, a "sacrament", and an "aid to medication"; he supported the legalization of the drug. He thought that marijuana use was prevalent in the Bible, reading passages such as Psalms 104:14 as showing approval of its usage. Marley began to use cannabis when he converted to the Rastafari faith fromCatholicism in 1966. He was arrested in 1968 after being caught with cannabis, but continued to use marijuana in accordance with his religious beliefs. Of his marijuana usage, he said, "When you smoke herb, herb reveal yourself to you. All the wickedness you do, the herb reveal itself to yourself, your conscience, show up yourself clear, because herb make you meditate. Is only a natural t'ing and it grow like a tree." Marley saw marijuana usage as a vital factor in religious growth and connection with Jah, and as a way to philosophize and become ✊