#compiled financial statements

[rakeshraseo321]

Tax Agent Singapore

Leading tax agent Singapore, ZE Global provides full completing services to make your tax filing. ZE Global, licensed to manage e-filing, makes things easier for companies and guarantees accurate and on-time filings. They help with IRAS e-Services, from initial setup to final submission, according to the most recent requirements. The knowledgeable staff at ZE Global manages the application procedure, ensuring that clients conform to all legal requirements. ZE Global is the company to trust for a smooth tax experience; use their knowledge to maximize your taxes-related issues in Singapore.

[rakeshraseo123]

Compiled Financial Statements

In today’s era of managing business statements, we at ZE Global understand the importance of having the best Unaudited financial statements in Singapore. Businesses must prepare financial statements as part of their accounting and financial reports to know how their finances are performing and make informed decisions. Unaudited Financial Statements and compiled financial statements are standard terms for this process. This guide uses data from ZE Global to explore the importance of these concepts.

[sngprccntng]

10 Ways To Keep Your Accounting Services Growing Without Burning The Midnight Oil

“Never try to let your business get ahead of the financial side of your business. Know your numbers and surround yourself with Assets not liabilities.”

There’s no harm to say, the financial tone of your business relies on how to fit and sound you can maintain all your accounting books and dealings. Though the Singapore accounting services make sure that every financial operation of your organization is correctly recorded on a timely basis, the core bookkeeping services come into maneuver when the data will be interpreted, analyzed, and properly classified.    

On one hand, these tasks quite seem easy and simple to carry out in-house, while on the other side, making the grade on bookkeeping & accounting are considered to be the most vital pillars for any kind of business. Henceforth, an experienced and competent professional hand is always in need to dig up a fruitful aftermath for a long period of time.  

Any scale of business, be it a small, medium, or large type of enterprise, it is common that executing these chores tasks certainly confronts difficulties because of obedience regulations as well as missing some kind of facts and information. Additionally, in a bid to dampen the amount of money, accounting service providers in Singapore end up spending extra by minimizing the mistakes that are done in bookkeeping and accounting. 

What’s more, you don’t need to put much drain on your mind as all parts will be carried out up to the mark. For in-depth insight, keep an eagle eye on the highlighted below and gain a perfect understanding:

How to keep your accounting services growing without burning the midnight oil 

GO THROUGH A SIMPLE ACCOUNTING PROCESS

At first, it is prime standing that an accounting firm must go through a coherent, precise, and detailed process of bookkeeping services. More and more, there are three kinds of specific steps that come under the accounts process, namely checklist, processing, and reporting what's relevant for groundbreaking aftermaths.   

SUCCESSFUL BOOKKEEPING CASE STUDY 

Of course, your accounting situation will be settled down if you gain an open-handed vision for thriving and flourishing record studies for the past years. In general, you need to access a swift, effective, and verified organization that brings procreative results thereafter. 

OFFERING TIMELY RESPONSES, COMMUNICATING WELL

Your bookkeeping services would be growing if you got timely and active one-to-one responses. More prominently, accounting professionals must converse well to setting up automatic rejoinders and building strong comprehensible trust.  

HAVING A STRONG SENSE OF ACCOUNTS ETHICS

One of the most esteemed features of XBRL Singapore is to pervade with integrity and good accounting ethics. Further, the enterprise must make out the right from the wrong interpretation and always exhibit veracity right in the activities allied with bookkeeping and accounting.     

KEENLY EMPHASIZE ON EFFICIENCY & ACCURACY

Other, key facet is to show precision and accuracy in the work of an accountant. Malposition of digits or in fact, a single comma could result in gigantic financial perils for any association. Hence, connecting with top-notch accounting firms will develop the strategy of double checking by focusing on the nitty-gritty things to generate exactness toward particular work.     

COHERENT ORGANIZATIONAL SKILLS 

There’s not a big fact an accounting firm has to deal with a plethora of paperwork, data, and numbers on a regular basis. In order to remain on top of accessing the right information and key details, it is fair and good to implement the cutting-edge strategy by the organization in an efficient manner. 

LEVERAGE TECHNOLOGY UP-TO-THE-MINUTE 

Well, we are aware of the notion that technology is booming, keeping in view the current and former areas of accounting concepts. Henceforth, if you’re on the verge of keeping growing with agile accounting tactics, you must upgrade yourself with commendable software that's up to the spot.    

BEING PROACTIVE WHILE PROVIDING AGILE SERVICES 

As and when you pick out the best-in-class accounting services, it has to be delivered vigorously, dynamically, and uprightly by the selected accounting organization. There should not be any hidden charges or superfluous fees while taking up requisite account services.

CONSISTENCY & TRUSTWORTHINESS 

Another important factor is to suffuse with the quality of eternal uniformity and lucid fidelity in the arena of accounting which further indicates that the accounting firm must secure all your data confidential and up to the secured showground.

EXEMPLARY KNOWLEDGE OF THE FIELD 

Accounting is actually an indispensable facet that deals with an array of industries and core areas. Henceforth, it is commendable to have a strong grasp of the basic bookkeeping theories. Understanding the core requirements, objectives and the way the business is being run is imperative to determine the correct path to progress with accounting tactics.  

[jonesadvisory]

Cloud Accounting, Jones Advisory LLC, Bel Air, MD

It’s the evolution of business accounting services, and Jones Advisory is at the forefront. We’ve coupled our sharp financial skills with cloud-based accounting for a solution that redefines how accounting gets done. Using a 27-point check-up feature, you’ll experience on-line accounting that is accessible anytime, anywhere.

How can you benefit from Cloud Accounting?

Whether you want continuous, easy access to your data 24/7 or you want to go paperless, Cloud Accounting’s advantages are different for every client. Because Jones Advisory is a partner in your business success, we can recommend the best use of Cloud Accounting for your business and guide you through the entire process. You’ll see:

Reduced facility requirements

Reduced number of employees

Minimal equipment and IT costs

Paperless record storage

Paperless payroll

Reduced expenses

Faster identification of problems

Increased Profitability

https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/ZfzDinUdk4wzmP9Uw7TkzqiT_uIKH-xKyxlBTAGhqGTHg6TUIQObHLPfDYp6i8BygeNvfTpSw5XDXUPiWgzucDxrHPEF6MKbZCXTt8O9pW1LWvDDqx7x1goiCOlUbEZFAA=w1280

[nspccalgary]

Review Engagement Calgary

NSPC Certified Public Accountants offers professional review engagement services in Calgary, Alberta. Our team of experienced CPAs provides comprehensive review services to businesses of all sizes, including review engagements of financial statements, management discussion and analysis, and other financial reports. We understand the importance of timely and accurate reviews for businesses, and we are committed to helping our clients meet their reporting requirements while providing stakeholders with reliable financial information. Our commitment to accuracy, attention to detail, and personalized service sets us apart, and we are dedicated to providing high

[ceaseless-bitcher]

Hamilton-style musical of rendition of Robert Smirke’s crew and the fallout between himself, Jonah Magnus, and the rest of them.

Ambitious Scottish upstart Jonah Magnus, plunging into the scene of higher society and academia

Interpersonal drama in the esoteric research and philosophy sphere

A power ballad aria from Smirke as he describes his grand, utopian plans for balance

Jonah seeing the wonders of this new world and getting increasingly involved in it, probably getting in some heated theoretical debates with Rayner et al. about it because, being Beholding- and Dark-aligned, their fundamental views would be diametrically opposed

A slowly-shifting musical motif for Jonah as his intentions develop over the course of the play

Barnabas pleading with Jonah through his letter; they’re in separate parts of the stage with different lightings and they can’t see each other. Jonah is reading, rather than listening to, his words

SPOTLIGHTS REMINISCENT OF EYES

Harrowing solo as Jonah sinks deeper into fearing the possibility of rituals

More below the cut because I’m going nuts about this.

I would feel like there’s too much ground to cover (c. 1809 [estimated year Jonah gets introduced to the Fears if he established the Institute in 1818 and talked Smirke into working on Millbank 1815-1821] all the way to 1867 [year of Smirke’s death and the final decommissioning of Millbank: the year in which I place Jonah’s first attempt at the Watcher’s Crown]) if it weren’t for the several decades covered in Hamilton. It provides a pretty good guide for such a varied timeline.

More insane scenes:

Contrast of Albrecht Von Closen’s 1816 letter informing Jonah of his findings at his nephew’s estate vs Dr. Johnathan Fanshawe’s 1831 letter revealing how Jonah knowingly caused Von Closen’s death by stealing his books and got him filled with eyes

Smirke watching the group he formed fall to the Fears in turn, clinging to his alliance with Jonah and therefore being blind to his own turn towards Beholding

Jonah’s financial wheedling with Mordechai Lukas and other donors for his fledgling Institute

Jonah being so gleeful about his brand new Magnus Institute in Edinburgh, after several years of compiling statements informally

HE GETS TO DELIGHT IN ALL THE SCHEDULING AND LOGISTICS!!!

Just. all the letters we have record of. I haven’t even gotten to Dr. Algernon Moss or the conflict between George Gilbert Scott and Sampson Kempthorne

PETTY architecture drama

[cpvnksabm]

anyway here's some fun facts about the choir in my aussie rtc au because i am cringe and i am free

Ocean

genuinely believes "cunt" is a horribly vulgar term despite having lived here her whole life. says "australian" instead of "aussie". gets snooty when people shorten australia to 'straya. generally trying very hard to pretend she isn't here

got told she had a british accent as a kid and she latched onto that REALLY hard because she thinks it's more "proper" english. in actuality she sounds slightly british compared to other aussies but if she talks to anyone outside of australia they will undoubtedly say she has an aussie accent.

as i've said before i believe she is "the kind of povvo cunt who would call her mates dolebludgers despite being on centrelink herself" however i have been told that this sentence is nonsense to non-aussies without a translation.

has occasionally gotten sunburned during winter. tries to go outside during summer anyway. this usually ends badly for her

Noel

works at what i believe to be the shittiest taco bell in sydney. i've never eaten taco bell myself, but i've walked past this place a couple of times, and it looks like it's probably the worst taco bell in sydney.

has absolutely no sense of aussie patriotism. as far as he's concerned fuck this country fuck the flag and fuck the wallabies too

his father, who is a serial child abandoner, fucked off to new zealand when noel was 13. he went through a phase of very seriously romanticising waiting until he was 14 years and 9 months old, so that he could get a job and be in less shit financially. he compared it to the part in the hunger games where katniss is waiting to be old enough to enter her name in the reaping more times to take out tessarae. in actuality the "you have to be 14 years and 9 months old to get a job" thing is just a myth that a lot of aussies believe for no real reason so he could have started working much earlier than he actually did. also it didnt really help financially because employees here literally dont get paid minimum wage until theyre 21 and at 14 you get like way less than half of minimum wage

saving up to move to france as per canon. his french is absolute dogshit and i'm not convinced he'd survive in europe. i'm also not convinced he's successfully saving money he's still years away from being able to earn minimum wage

genuinely does not really believe that 30 degrees celsius is even warm. 35 degrees is the point at which he will consider taking off his jacket. he does not own one single pair of shorts. ocean's proudest moment is the time she caught a screenshot of her lock screen having a notification from noel, complaining about it being too hot for the first time in his goddamn life, and then 3 minutes later a notification from a news app, reporting on record breaking high temperatures

misha

willing to second noel's statement regarding this country, the flag, and the wallabies too

has actually seen an impressive amount of sydney (and the surrounding area) compared to most of the choir who never go anywhere or do anything. this is because whenever he doesn't want to be somewhere (often) he will just get on a train and go wherever the fuck. he's like a "tom scott introducing places" compilation video bc he's always just texting the groupchat to say he's In A Location and when people ask what he's doing there he doesn't know. he'll get back to you when he finds a part of sydney/nsw that he thinks doesn't suck.

he has his sleeves rolled up all the time because he thinks it makes him look tough and gangsta, but more importantly, because he thinks 30 degrees celsius is "too hot".

i hate to say this but he'd probably be a fucking eshay

in summer he constantly takes photos of regular everyday items to send to talia with the caption "did you know this can melt".

i've never been in a house that had a basement so he doesnt have one. his adoptive parents still ignore him and expect him to Stay Out Of Their Sight, but like, he just has way less space in which he could do so. this is definitely part of why he's so often on a train to bumfuck nowhere to do fuck all rather than stay at home.

ricky

straight up does not like it here tbh this place is insanely ableist

so chronically online (and just generally isolated) that once he starts interacting with the choir he has to google the aussie slang they use regularly. his sleep schedule is Bad so he mainly interacts with americans.

refers to mcdonalds as "maccas" not because it's easier for him to call it that, but because it pisses off the americans in his discord servers

perpetually fighting tooth and nail for the school & the government to recognise that he is Really Disabled. he has several diagnoses on record. he can't walk unassisted. come on this is ridiculous.

big fan of "aussie cuisine" specifically because he cannot cook. fairy bread is a meal if you use your imagination.

penny

the aussie equivalent of Elysium is in katoomba or somewhere similar, in the blue mountains. this should explain most of why she's so insane i think.

she probably still lives in the blue mountains but closer to sydney, or maybe in one of the parts of sydney that we all secretly think of as being Basically Not Even Sydney (sorry emu plains)

since high school starts in year 7 here, ezra 100% goes to the same school as her (maybe he already did in canon tbh, i feel like it was kind of unclear if uranium city had a middle school or if it was one of those towns so small that st cassians would be a k-12 school)

ezra and penny usually avoid each other like the plague at school (because having siblings is #cringe) but occasionally they will pass each other in the school hallways, reference some utterly incomprehensible inside joke, exchange some bizarre assortment of objects that they needed to borrow from each other, and then leave and go back to avoiding each other

because nobody ever goes to their house (because theyre both loners/outcasts and also because they live in the middle of fucking nowhere and nobody wants to travel that far), the fact that they're siblings is Deep Lore that you only find out once you're really close to them. it was a rumour once but most people brushed it off because it seemed too unbelievable

#1 aussie animal apologist

really does not understand noel & misha's beef with the wallabies. she gets stressed every time they mention it.

constance

frequently goes for walks alone at night, often in notoriously "dodgy" areas. she hangs out at parks and goes on the swing. she's honestly more scared of the bats than of other people. why are there so many fucking bats here

pretends dropbears are real

hates the weather here. so much. all the time. if she complains about the cold then she is inevitably smugly reminded that in other places it gets cold enough to snow, so this is just chilly. if she complains about the heat then she is inevitably smugly reminded that it's not record-breaking hot. if it is record-breaking hot then she still can't complain because everyone is focused on being surprised that noel finally noticed it was hot. she suffers like jesus here.

has never actually seen snow in person. really wants to. at some point penny probably takes her down to the mountains in winter to see it and it doesn't really live up to the hype.

would probably super enjoy a "let's get on a train and go Wherever The Fuck to do Fuck All" trip with misha but people (ocean) always expect her to justify why she's going anywhere. secretly really enjoys whenever something inconvenient happens requiring her to travel far

i've never seen bluey but i feel like she'd be one of those people that watches it as an adult

[mariacallous]

Republican Congressman Jim Banks sent letters in recent days to a number of high-profile figures in the U.S. far-right, saying that they had been added to a Ukrainian NGO's list of individuals and groups responsible "in the U.S. impeding aid to Ukraine."

The congressman alleged that Texty, the Ukrainian NGO in question, previously worked with the U.S. State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).

Texty released a statement on June 13 that its team was facing "unprecedented pressure, manipulation, slander, demands to strip us of donor funding, and threats of physical violence."

Banks, who is running for Senate in Indiana, had said on June 11 that "other Ukrainian NGOs have published similar lists, which have published the personal information of those named in apparent attempts to intimidate them."

Banks added that he sent an accompanying letter to key congressional committee members, urging them to stop "partnering with any actors overseas who encourage the harassment of Americans."

Banks also posted on his personal X account that he was put on an "enemies list" that was "compiled by the Ukrainian government.

What's really behind the governmental funding allegations?

Inna Gadzynska, a journalist at Texty and one of the authors of the report, told the Kyiv Independent that the outlet has no connection to either the Ukrainian or U.S. governments, does not consider its report to be a "hit list," and did not publish any personal information.

Gadzynska added that Texty did not receive any government funding for the project.

The following day, Banks wrote that Congressional Republicans had moved to "defund" the "Ukrainian NGO that created a 'watch list' that consisted of conservative lawmakers and private American citizens."

The Kyiv Independent reached out to Banks' press office for comment several times, but received no response.  

Elon Musk then commented below the post, saying that the NGO should be "added to the list of sanctioned terrorist organizations."

Rogan O'Handley, a prominent "MAGA influencer" active on X with the handle "DC_Draino," shared the letter he had received from Banks, claiming that "(President Volodymyr) Zelensky has added (him) to his 'enemies' list."

O'Handley then added that a "Ukrainian NGO 'funded with our tax dollars' has labeled me an enemy of their state."

Texty's report has been widely shared on social media, with false claims about the organization, the list's contents, and its connections to the Ukrainian and U.S. governments growing with every retweet.

Far-right conspiracy theorist and Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene wrote that Zelensky's "thug regime has deemed me an enemy of the state" and put "elected members of Congress like me on their state KILL list."

What exactly is Texty's report?

Texty's report, labeled "Roller Coaster: From Trumpists to Communists. The forces in the U.S. impeding aid to Ukraine and how they do it," was released on June 6.

The report contains an in-depth exploration of 388 individuals and 76 organizations involved in the "ecosystem of mutual support" of opponents of aid for Ukraine.

Texty's website states it is a media outlet founded by Anatoliy Bondarenko and Roman Kulchynsky in 2010 and has won several journalism awards, including the European Press Prize in 2024. Texty says its research is "funded exclusively" by its readers.

The claims about the alleged financial support by the U.S. State Department appear to stem from the fact that Bondarenko previously was a volunteer trainer at the TechForum Ukraine almost ten years ago.  

The forum was a program from TechCamps, a "public diplomacy program hosted in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) at the U.S. State Department."

The program "brought together more than 60 local journalists, civil society, community leaders, and private sector partners in Eastern Europe with local and international technology experts."

"The two-day workshop helped increase digital and media literacy and gave participants the tools to communicate effectively in the 21st century."

Besides the single two-day workshop conducted almost 10 years ago, there is no other evidence to support the claim that the U.S. State Department or any other government entity has supported Texty, financially or otherwise.

In a statement on X on June 9, Texty said that it had "faced an unprecedented wave of hate" after the report was published.

"Claims that the list of U.S. opponents of aid to Ukraine is a 'kill list,' persecution, or doxxing, or that the Texty editorial team is trained or funded by the U.S. government is an outright lie."

Texty reiterated that "Bondarenko was a trainer who taught activists at one of the TechCamps" but said that it was just one of many training sessions it had conducted.

Gadzynska told the Kyiv Independent that Bondarenko was not paid for his work as a trainer. Bondarenko did receive a grant from the U.S. Embassy in 2020 to help "counter disinformation about Coronavirus," she added.

Texty also previously received USAID grants via other organizations, but Gadzynska emphasized that the report in question was not funded by any institutional donor.

In any case, Bondarenko had "no relation" to the report and did not contribute to it, Gadzynska said.

The aim of the report was not to "harass" or "intimidate" the individuals and groups named but rather to "openly and objectively examine issues that are key to our country's survival, such as who the U.S. opponents of aid to Ukraine are and why they oppose it," Texty said.

Gadzynska emphasized that the report did not call the listed individuals and groups "enemies."

Texty "operate(s) as an NGO and never takes money from the Ukrainian government," she said, adding that the outlet has criticized Zelensky "before and after the presidential election in 2019."

Gadzynska also shared with the Kyiv Independent some of the vitriolic and threatening messages that Texty received after the report was published, which insulted Ukraine and claimed that the report was an act of "declaring war" on the U.S.

Which other figures are mentioned by Texty?

As the title suggests, the report is not limited to the far-right politicians and commentators who are often the face of American opposition to Ukraine.

It also includes a number of prominent individuals and organizations from the left, such as the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft (QI) and the "anti-war" organization CodePink, mostly known for its opposition to Israel.

Anatol Lieven, a U.K. journalist and director of QI's Eurasia Program, told the American Conservative media outlet that "it is completely inappropriate that a foreign institution that participates (in) training funded by U.S. taxpayers' money should use that money to try to limit public debate in the U.S. on a matter of vital U.S. interest."

Lieven has written about the need for a ceasefire in Ukraine and says that the war is "Russia's fault," but also regularly references Russian talking points, such as the unfounded assertion that "most Crimeans still appear to want to be part of Russia."

To support his claim, Lieven cited a survey by the independent Russian polling firm the Levada Center conducted in 2019 when Crimea was already under Russian occupation.

Previous polls conducted before the illegal annexation, such as one by the International Republican Institute in May 2013, found that only 23% of respondents wanted to be part of Russia, compared to 67% who wanted some form of autonomy within Ukraine.

In a co-written article with George Beebe published by QI in January 2024, Lieven wrote that the U.S. "will have to offer some serious incentives" to Putin to end the war.

"If we want a prosperous Ukraine with a viable path toward liberal governance and European Union membership, we will have to concede that it cannot be a NATO or U.S. ally, and that this neutral Ukraine must have verifiable limits on the types and quantities of weapons it may hold."

Lieven's comments were indicative of the wide range of narratives harmful to Ukraine that come from across the political spectrum.

CodePink, an ostensible left-wing "pro-peace" organization, also mentioned Texty's report, reiterating claims that Bondarenko "trains foreign journalists and media companies in the State Department's TechCamp."

While regularly calling for an end to the conflict, CodePink also says that "expansion of NATO and the aggressive approach of Western nations have helped cause the crisis, and we demand an end to NATO expansion." CodePink is also opposed to sanctions that "harm ordinary Russians."

Medea Benjamin, one of the co-founders of CodePink, has also repeated Russian propaganda talking points. In a November 2022 interview with Chris Hedges, a political commentator who has a show on the Russian state-owned media outlet RT, Benjamin falsely claimed that Crimea is a part of Russia and that Russian speakers are being discriminated against in Ukraine.

CodePink takes a "leftist position," Texty said, but "uses every Russian propaganda thesis to support its beliefs."

Tucker Carlson's allegations of Ukraine's 'hit list'

It is not the first time that far-right figures in the U.S. have falsely claimed that the Ukrainian government has created a public "hit list" of opponents of Ukraine.

After far-right political commentator Tucker Carlson interviewed Russian President Vladimir Putin in February 2024, a widely distributed post on X claimed that Carlson had been placed on a "kill list" by the Ukrainian government.

Carlson traveled to Moscow to record the two-hour and seven-minute interview, during which he seldomly interrupts Putin as he echoes Russian propaganda and shares false narratives on a wide variety of topics, including his justification for Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

In fact, Carlson had been added to a list compiled by the Ukrainian NGO Myrotvorets, which studies threats to Ukraine's national security, and has been in the Myrotvorets database since 2023.

[thefootnotes]

letters from my bedroom floor

a poetry compilation by @fandomestloser

this poetry compilation is filled with various works i created over the span of several months so far, and i'm certain it will continue for many more months. the title is inspired by "emails i can't send" (an album and song by sabrina carpenter), and i think it really resonates with the messages i've portrayed in these poems; a lot of these works were created in times of emotional, financial, or interpersonal hardship, and they're works that are very important to me. do not repost any of my poetry anywhere without credit. moodboard is by me; all images belong to their original owners or creators - they were sourced on pinterest, dm for credit or removal.

poem masterlist under the cut.

💌chapter one: "many names of a teenager" a social comment on the expectations and misconceptions surrounding teenagers in the modern age. no warnings.

💌chapter two: "the things they don't tell you" what is essentially just a (poorly written) statement on the idiocy of the concept of "common sense' in a world with so many differences. no warnings.

💌chapter three: "i am not myself" a series of couplets about the challenges of presenting as somebody that you don't identify with, in a body or life that feels foreign to you. no warnings.

💌chapter four: "i want to be" the need to be truly loved. no warnings.

💌chapter five: "he is everything" a freeverse on the relationship between musicians and their fans, written specifically about louis tomlinson but pretty much applicable to any major artist. no warnings.

💌chapter six: "simpler me" a freeverse on the idea of pretending to be someone you're not, specifically revolving around gender, because it's going to be societally easier than the alternative. no warnings.

💌chapter seven: "what if?" a freeverse of self-reflection following the end of a toxic relationship (not inherently romantic). no warnings.

💌chapter eight: "star in your sky" a freeverse of the idea of, essentially, not caring what you are to them, so long as you get to be something. the idea of loving someone so desperately and so overwhelmingly that you don't even care if it's barely reciprocated, just as long as they recognise your existence. no warnings.

💌chapter nine: "torn" the idea of not knowing whether you are helping or harming; if it's worth you staying to love them, or if you are doing more harm than good. no warnings.

💌chapter ten: "numbers" a poem on the things that can be counted in the relationship, and in its ending; and the things that can't be numbered. no warnings.

[nectoy7]

Understanding Java Data Types: A Comprehensive Guide

Java, one of the most widely used programming languages, is known for its portability, security, and rich set of features. At the core of Java programming are data types, which define the nature of data that can be stored and manipulated within a program. Understanding data types is crucial for effective programming, as they determine how data is stored, how much memory it occupies, and the operations that can be performed on that data.

What are Data Types?

In programming, data types specify the type of data that a variable can hold. They provide a way to classify data into different categories based on their characteristics and operations. Java categorizes data types into two main groups:

1. Primitive Data Types

2. Reference Data Types

Why Use Data Types?

1. Memory Management: Different data types require different amounts of memory. By choosing the appropriate data type, you can optimize memory usage, which is particularly important in resource-constrained environments.

2. Type Safety: Using data types helps catch errors at compile time, reducing runtime errors. Java is a statically typed language, meaning that type checks are performed during compilation.

3. Code Clarity: Specifying data types makes the code more readable and understandable. It allows other developers (or your future self) to quickly grasp the intended use of variables.

4. Performance Optimization: Certain data types can enhance performance, especially when dealing with large datasets or intensive calculations. For example, using int instead of long can speed up operations when the range of int is sufficient.

5. Defining Operations: Different data types support different operations. For example, you cannot perform mathematical operations on a String data type without converting it to a numeric type.

When and Where to Use Data Types?

1. Choosing Primitive Data Types:

Use int when you need a whole number without a decimal, such as counting items.

Use double for fractional numbers where precision is essential, like financial calculations.

Use char when you need to store a single character, such as a letter or symbol.

Use boolean when you need to represent true/false conditions, like in conditional statements.

2. Choosing Reference Data Types:

Use String for any textual data, such as names, messages, or file paths.

Use Arrays when you need to store multiple values of the same type, such as a list of scores or names.

Use Custom Classes to represent complex data structures that include multiple properties and behaviors. For example, a Car class can encapsulate attributes like model, year, and methods for actions like starting or stopping the car.

1. Primitive Data Types

Primitive data types are the most basic data types built into the Java language. They serve as the building blocks for data manipulation in Java. There are eight primitive data types:

Examples of Primitive Data Types

1. Byte Example

byte age = 25; System.out.println(“Age: ” + age);

2. Short Example

short temperature = -5; System.out.println(“Temperature: ” + temperature);

3. Int Example

int population = 1000000; System.out.println(“Population: ” + population);

4. Long Example

long distanceToMoon = 384400000L; // in meters System.out.println(“Distance to Moon: ” + distanceToMoon);

5. Float Example

float pi = 3.14f; System.out.println(“Value of Pi: ” + pi);

6. Double Example

double gravitationalConstant = 9.81; // m/s^2 System.out.println(“Gravitational Constant: ” + gravitationalConstant);

7. Char Example

char initial = ‘J’; System.out.println(“Initial: ” + initial);

8. Boolean Example

boolean isJavaFun = true; System.out.println(“Is Java Fun? ” + isJavaFun);

2. Reference Data Types

Reference data types, unlike primitive data types, refer to objects and are created using classes. Reference data types are not defined by a fixed size; they can store complex data structures such as arrays, strings, and user-defined classes. The most common reference data types include:

Strings: A sequence of characters.

Arrays: A collection of similar data types.

Classes: User-defined data types.

Examples of Reference Data Types

1. String Example

String greeting = “Hello, World!”; System.out.println(greeting);

2. Array Example

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; System.out.println(“First Number: ” + numbers[0]);

3. Class Example

class Car {     String model;     int year;

    Car(String m, int y) {         model = m;         year = y;     } }

public class Main {     public static void main(String[] args) {         Car car1 = new Car(“Toyota”, 2020);         System.out.println(“Car Model: ” + car1.model + “, Year: ” + car1.year);     } }

Type Conversion

In Java, type conversion refers to converting a variable from one data type to another. This can happen in two ways:

1. Widening Conversion: Automatically converting a smaller data type to a larger data type (e.g., int to long). This is done implicitly by the Java compiler.

int num = 100; long longNum = num; // Widening conversion

2. Narrowing Conversion: Manually converting a larger data type to a smaller data type (e.g., double to int). This requires explicit casting.

double decimalNum = 9.99; int intNum = (int) decimalNum; // Narrowing conversion

Conclusion

Understanding data types in Java is fundamental for effective programming. It not only helps in managing memory but also enables programmers to manipulate data efficiently. Java’s robust type system, consisting of both primitive and reference data types, provides flexibility and efficiency in application development. By carefully selecting data types, developers can optimize performance, ensure type safety, and maintain code clarity.

By mastering data types, you’ll greatly enhance your ability to write efficient, reliable, and maintainable Java programs, setting a strong foundation for your journey as a Java developer.

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AI Art is *NOT* Derivative By Law. Here’s Why.

A lot of people are making the argument that AI art is derivative, but they don’t actually understand copyright law. I think they might read what might constitute a derivative work, but don’t also check the exceptions and the relevant case law to determine what is not able to be taken or copyrighted.

FIRST:  The copyright for derivative work ONLY covers the new elements of the work. AI work has NO new elements, therefore, it cannot be derivative. 

This is actually specifically so copyright holders cannot extend their copyright to prevent work from falling into public domain, but it also protects copyright holders from having their own works copyrighted by someone else. 

SECOND: The copyright holder of the original work MUST AUTHORIZE ITS USE IN A COMPILATION.

Even if the work falls under all other definitions of “derivative,” if you are using someone’s work in a compilation (and yes, THIS INCLUDES COLLAGES DONE FOR PROFIT!) you must acquire the original creator’s permission. If you don’t, you cannot copyright the work and you may be subject to prosecution.

THIRD: I think this should go without saying, but apparently it doesn’t: AI-generated works cannot be considered parody, as they are not a commentary on the original works. They claim to be all new works. 

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Most copyright holders do not pursue the prosecution of derivative works even if copyright is technically violated, because they do not experience financial loss by their use. This includes fanworks (like fanart and fanfiction) because the original copyright holder generally cannot prove damages. And even if they could, they would most likely suffer more damages were they to prosecute their fans.

But copyright does not REQUIRE prosecution to maintain hold of the copyright. For example, while Blizzard is very positive about people using their intellectual property in fanart, they are allowed to decide at any time to disallow this or even prosecute people who create fanart. This is unlikely, because they use fanart as free advertising, and prosecuting would also disillusion fans and discourage use of Blizzard products.

The problem with AI art is that while it is sometimes composed in such a way as to make it difficult to tell whether any individual work has been used, the following statements are true: 

1. The original artists are not credited

2. The original artists are not compensated

3. The prevalence of AI art compilations using the art of other people has resulted in job losses for artists in general.

Because copyright holders can easily prove loss in this situation, it absolutely is something that can be litigated in court.