#cheapest way to remove iron from well water

[aqualiseshowerfilter]

The Ultimate Guide to Shower Filters to Remove Toxic Chemicals

Discover the secrets to healthier showers with our comprehensive guide on shower filters! Learn how to remove toxic chemicals, combat hard water, and improve hair and skin health. Dive in for expert advice and make every shower a rejuvenating experience.

Water purification systems When it comes to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, water plays a crucial role. We use water not only for drinking but also for various household activities such as cooking, cleaning, and bathing. However, what most people are not aware of is that the water coming into our homes may contain harmful chemicals and impurities that can have negative effects on our health.…

[koraki-grimoire]

Laws of Candle Care

Candles, while popular in religion and magik, are rarely properly cared for. Many who use them don't even know how to take care of them. And when you don't take care of your candles, especially candles used for divination, you use them up much quicker and get a lot of false responses.

This guide is important for anyone who burns or wants to burn candles, regardless of how much you think you know.

Vocabulary

There are many, many types of candles. This isn't anywhere near all, but the four kinds you should be aware of:

Tealights: (small, round candles, usually about an inch in diameter)

Pillars: (freestanding cylindrical candles of varying sizes)

Container candles: (candles poured directly in a container--includes prayer candles, which are tall glass pillars)

Tapers: (Tall, thin candles that stand in holders--includes chimes, which are miniature tapers)

Wick: The string, wood, etc. in the center of a candle that you light. Usually a cotton string coated with wax.

Hugging the edges: The process where the outer edges of a partly melted candles are pushed in to extend burn time.

Burn time: The amount of time it takes a candle to burn out when properly maintained and/or the amount of time a candle is being burned

Double boiler method: Heating wax in a pot inside another pot of water. This prevents it from catching fire or burning.

General

Location: Burn candles at least 1 foot from other flammable materials. Never burn a candle directly under anything--candles need at least a meter/yard of space above them to burn safely. Be careful when burning candles on a desk or near other candles. If burning a non-container candle, make sure it's on a heatproof surface like a plate to catch wax.

Wicks: Always trim your wick to 1/4 inch before burning, no exceptions. Wick trimmings should be removed from the candle, not left to accumulate in the pool.

Holders: Use a properly sized holder. This is a holder that the candle can sit in the bottom of, but will not shake or fall if lifted.

Burning: Not all candles can burn unattended. In fact, very few can. Always assume that you can't let a burning candle out of your sight. The main exceptions to this are container candles, but even so, not all container candles can burn alone. Prayer candles are designed to burn continuously, but still require clear, safe space, and should be checked on.

Melting: The first time you burn any candle, you must allow the wax to melt up to the edge of the candle before extinguishing it. Ideally, you'd allow this pool to reach the edge every single time. If you don't, the candle will tunnel, shortening its lifespan.

Extinguishing: Blow, pinch, or snuff a candle. Never use water to extinguish a candle--this makes it more likely to explode in future.

Troubleshooting

Candle wont light: Check if the wick is too short. If it is, hold a flame near the wick and pour out wax in increments until it can light.

Candle is tunneling: Burn it all the way out to the edge. You may need to manually melt the edges with a separate flame. You might also have forgotten to hug the edges.

Flame is smoking: There's a few possible reasons;

Wick is too tall: This one's easy, simply trim it.

Too long burn time: If a candle burns too long (usually 3+ hours at a time), the wick may curl or "mushroom." Extinguish and trim.

Insufficient air: Most smoking comes from a flame not having enough oxygen (which the above two can cause). This can also come if your space isn't well ventilated, or if there's wind, breezes, or other moving air.

Only one side is melting: The candle's wick is likely poorly centered, or you're burning it with one side in a hotter/colder place. You may be able to move it the wick to the middle when melted, or move the candle. Otherwise, it's usually fine to ignore on its own.

"Oh no, what do I do if my candle..."

Spills: Surround the pool with paper towels. Wait for it to cool, then pry off wax with a knife. Beeswax peels easiest. If there's still wax and it's on fabric, put paper to blot on both sides, and iron. Wash as normal.

Explodes/Cracks: If it didn't put itself out, extinguish it immediately. Clean spilled wax and, if present, glass. Do not try to re light the candle, even if the candle is still usable.

Has a curling wick: Extinguish, trim, and wait to fully solidify before burning again.

Catches something on fire: Immediately extinguish both. It's best to own and use a fire extinguisher for this, as water doesn't always work or cool it down well. Avoid blowing if at all possible, as this can feed the flame. Do not reuse the candle afterwards.

Candle FAQ

Q: How are candles made? A: It varies based on the candle! The most common method is by melting down wax in a double boiler and pouring it into a mold, or dipping string repeatedly in a vat of wax.

Q: How do you scent a candle? A: Typically, you would mix in fragrance or essential oils when the wax is melted before pouring it into a bowl.

Q: Can you put herbs in candles? A: Certainly! But please don't do this if you aren't experienced in candle care, it can be dangerous when they catch fire if you don't know what you're doing.

Q: How do you color a candle? A: You use specific wax coloring! It's very important to use colors designed for wax, because those are designed to burn safely. Things like food coloring can and will explode or ruin your candle.

Q: What kinds of candle wax are there? A: There's a few, but the three you're most likely to find are paraffin, soy, and beeswax. Paraffin is essentially plastic, making it the least ecofriendly option, but it's cheapest. Soy wax is from the soy plant, and generally fairly cheap. Beeswax burns the cleanest and longest, and is the best for the environment, but it's the most expensive. They can generally be told apart by texture if there's no label; paraffin is usually hard, flat, and bumpy, soy can be flaky and greasy, and beeswax is smooth and sometimes slightly rippled.

Candles in Magik & Divination

Chances are, if you're here, this is what you use candles for. While it's exciting to see candles doing weird things, remember you should always check for mundane reasons. Fire isn't a toy, and an oddly behaving candle can be a hazard, not just symbolic.

When doing a spell with candles, make sure anything on or around the candle(s) is safe to burn. For example, ensuring you used cotton thread or yarn to tie the candle, not adding dangerous herbs to inhale, and keeping an eye on the type of paper you're burning indoors. (Rolling paper is ideal for burning sigils.)

It's a bit disappointing to learn a "sign" was only a poorly cared for candle, but it's far worse to burn your house down over a false sign from an unsafe candle. So take care of them.

More questions? Send in a DM or ask! Feel free to add on in RBs or notes.

[monstersdownthepath]

Demigod Dossier: Velstrac Demagogues, part 1

Pictured: Aroggus, the Abbey-Maker

Lawful Evil Mad Artists of the Shadow Plane

The Complete Book of the Damned, pg. 120~121 Additional information is also present in Adventure Path: Return of the Runelords: The City Outside of Time, pg. 74~79

Our second-ever Demigod Dossier, now fully in-swing! The Velstrac Demagogues are the rulers of the Shadow Plane and all the lives within, though many of said lives within aren’t really fans of them. Natives to the Netherworld find the presence of the Velstrac an annoyance at best and a threat to their lives at worst, and would much prefer if they went back to Hell where they came from, but unfortunately for everyone everywhere they don’t appear too eager to throw themselves into the jaws of the inferno just yet. Instead, they’re busy throwing themselves into the jaws of one another.

The Demagogues represent the pinnacle of a specific subset of the Velstrac’s twisted senses of ‘art’ and ‘perfection,’ either because they’ve mutilated themselves into something wholly unlike anything else that can, did, or could exist, or they’ve pioneered a form of artistry that other Velstrac couldn’t even conceptualize in the first place and gathered a fandom. It takes some very twisted, alien forms of thinking to become a Demagogue and get others rallied behind you, even moreso because the Velstrac themselves are, putting it kindly, completely out of their gourd. When your audience already expects the insane and outlandish, you have to go even further, and many of the fiends you’ll soon see have.

We’ll only be covering four in this initial post, with the rest to be saved for later...

Demagogues view mortals as little more than primal clay to be shaped, and thus see little worth in investing true divine power into them, worshipers receive Boons that are are relatively simple: a trio of spell-like abilities, each of which may be used 1/day. Boons are normally gained slowly, at levels 12, 16, and 20, however entering the Evangelist, Exalted, or Sentinel Prestige Classes can see the Boons gained as early as levels 10, 13, and 16. Note that while they are Lawful Evil fiends originally from Hell, they are not devils, thus you cannot enter the Diabolist Prestige Class to obtain their Boons without DM fiat.

Aroggus, the Abbey-Maker

Demagogue of Possibility, Revenge, and Sanctuary Domains: Evil, Law, Protection, Trickery Subdomains: Deception, Defense, Fear, Tyranny

Obedience: List the names of those who have wronged you until the writing covers a page, then consume the parchment. Benefit: Gain a +4 profane bonus on saving throws to resist compulsion effects.

What a completely normal, sane, and healthy thing to do! As the first of the Demagogues to flee from Hell, Aroggus is EXTREMELY angry at the devils for locking them up in the first place. Angry enough to want revenge on the whole of the diabolic race, as well as the Asura... Angry enough that he hasn’t yet even started getting around to enacting his revenge, instead just constantly thinking about and refining it as if no iteration of suffering is perfect enough to match his fury.

True to form, he wants you to ruminate in your anger rather than doing anything to enact your vengeance, blacking out a page with the names (or just one name) of all who’ve wronged you no matter how petty or insignificant the inconvenience they may have caused. Unfortunately, no two ways about it, you’re going to look insane (in the literal definition of the term) doing this every day, especially if you only have one or two people who’ve wronged you enough to get onto your list. Scrawling their name, front AND back, until the page is filled and then eating it is behavior that will raise eyebrows no matter who you’re adventuring with. Best to keep this one behind closed doors. Make sure you have a glass of activated charcoal after, because all of that ink day after day (unless you write with, I don’t know, berry juice or blood) is going to do amazingly terrible things to your constitution.

The benefit is good. Compulsions are typically Save-Or-Suck effects, so having more Save means less Suck for you later on. It’s useful at any point in your adventure, so I can’t say anything bad about it! My only wish is that it was a little stronger, since some other gods give +4 vs compulsion and charm effects.

Boon 1: Nondetection Boon 2: Forcecage Boon 3: Imprisonment

Nondectection is a good spell for those times when you need to sneak by diviners, hide magic items from scrutiny, avoid the gaze of a Paladin who’s a little too judicious with Detect Evil, or to add another layer of shroud over Invisibility and the like. It’s a spell that’s a pain to prepare every single day, but useful to have when you need it... but you only have one casting of it per day, so using it wisely is paramount. Ironically, it combines well with your own Divination to find out if you’ll even need it later.  More often than not you won’t be using it at all except to idly ward yourself when going into town or diving into a dungeon.

Forcecage is a completely different animal, the offensive and defensive applications of the spell simply mind-blowing, to the point that keeping this to just one paragraph to save space is going to take some herculean effort on my part! So, the basics: Forcecage has two versions, both of which halt all movement through them: A 20ft square of force bars that allow spells, projectiles, and line-of-effect through, and a 10ft cube that blocks line-of-effect and all forms of magic and supernatural abilities. A Forcecage is effectively invincible (having Hardness 30 and 20hp/level) and impossible to move, so anyone trapped inside without the ability to teleport is likely to stay there for the spell’s duration. Also, to put it simply, shoving enemies in the cage is the main point, but if you cannot, a 10ft/20ft square is an enormous roadblock to stop up narrow passages with.

Which leaves Imprisonment, a portable hole you can shove all sorts of problems into, which will likely create new problems down the line if the target had anything you needed on them. I recommend knocking out a foe, stripping them of their valuables, and then shoving them into their baby jail for all eternity! With the Freedom spell being the only means to undo Imprisonment (even Wish and Miracle fail), you’ll have no actual way to undo the spell against any target you cast it on for one or two more levels, if at all (depending on the party composition). Make sure to use it only when the villain has no MacGuffins, or is a powerful recurring threat. Imprisonment works on anything and everything capable of failing the Will save (take note, anyone wanting to fight Kaiju, Great Old Ones, or Spawn of Rovagug), which gets a -4 penalty if you know the target’s name and some facts about its life, so famous villains are even more vulnerable to being thrown into the Eternity Marble! 

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Barravoclair, Lady of the Final Gasp

Demagogue of the Elderly, Fatalistic Insights, Resurrection Domains: Death, Evil, Healing, Law Subdomains: Murder, Restoration, Resurrection, Undead

Obedience: Practice breath control, holding your breath until you nearly pass out. Benefit: Gain a +4 profane bonus on checks to resist drowning and on saves against inhaled poisons.

A hell of a step down in terms of unhealthiness in terms of Aroggus, and significantly less suspicious, too. Breath control is practiced by people of all stripes, from athletes to explorers to simple monks attempting more profound meditation. While ‘nearly passing out’ is skirting an edge most people won’t approach, it’s not exactly as dangerous for you as, say, inhaling water or eating poison every day. Without any materials needed, the Lady of the Final Gasp is one of the simplest and probably the single cheapest Obedience ritual one could ask for! There is a minor caveat in that races who can’t breathe can’t technically do this Obedience at all, but those aren’t the audience Barravoclair wants anyway.

Unfortunately, the benefit is as weak as the Obedience is easy to do. Drowning is unlikely to come up as a danger unless you’re physically dragged into the water by a monster (which means holding your breath likely isn’t an option anyway), and inhaled poisons are the least common poison type in the game. Against the odd Catoblepas or Green Dragon it will come in handy, but it’s protection from injury poison you really need, which the Lady of the Final Gasp doesn’t provide.

Boon 1: Speak With Dead Boon 2: Resurrection Boon 3: Soul Bind

Alright, let’s face it. Some days, you need Speak With Dead to keep the plot running smoothly. Whether your overzealous DPS kills everyone in the room, your Fireball-lobbing Sorcerer kills everyone in the room, or your summoner’s unchained beasts kill everyone in the room, chances are at some point in your career you’re going to save the party a lot of headaches by being able to pull answers from a corpse. Having Speak With Dead available every day will likely not matter 80% of the time (meaning you can typically use it at your leisure just before going to bed), but much like with Water Breathing and spells like Remove Curse and Neutralize Poison, having it for those 20% of times you need it can keep the wheels spinning and stop unneeded side quests.

... And speaking of side quests and things you’ll need once in a blue moon, Resurrection? For free? Even 1/day? With the hefty cost of 10,000gp for the normal spell, even a well-off party will feel the impact every single time they have to use Rez, but the removal of the cost ups the power level of the spell by a margin so enormous that it doesn’t really matter what Boon you get before or after this one; THIS boon rewards worship of Barravoclair enough to justify putting up with her empty benefit. Even without factoring in the ability to raise party members, you can now curry favor with people of all stripes and demand all forms of insane payments for your ability to raise centuries-old dead at no cost but time... or do your work for free and call in favors at a later date. Do note, however, that you’ll also need someone else on standby to remove the negative levels/stat drain caused by the resurrection process.

I said it didn’t matter what the third Boon was and I stand by it. Unlike with the free Rez above, Soul Bind’s enormous cost still makes its use as anything but a once-per-campaign finisher of an annoying enemy irritating and unfeasible. Spell-likes normally require no components, but Soul Bind operates in a gray area of the rules in that its focus component becomes the subject for the spell, meaning that a DM can very easily and very rightly say you DO require the  gemstone whose value must equal or exceed the target’s HD x 1,000. Binding even a simple 5 CR creature requires the tall order of a 5,000gp gemstone, and if you want to use it on a target that’s worthwhile, it gets expensive fast. It’s way cheaper and easier to just hire a Cacodaemon. 

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Fharaas, the Seer in Skin

Demagogue of Experience, Murder, and Patterns Domains: Evil, Knowledge, Law, Repose Subdomains: Ancestors, Fear, Memory, Souls

Obedience: Study the interior of a freshly severed limb. Benefit: You are immune to bleed effects that deal 6 damage or less.

This Obedience is deceptively simple for what its implication is. You’d best get yourself a Sack Of Rats or have access to a lot of disposable prisoners (or the Regenerate spell)! But thankfully, there’s some wiggle room in the wording: ‘freshly severed’ means no cheating and using Gentle Repose on the same arm over and over, but it ALSO means you can carry around a single corpse and slowly slice it apart, as the limbs themselves don’t have to be fresh, just freshly cut off for the purpose of the ritual. Also, you can use the bodies of Undead, Constructs, and any other creature that technically has severable limbs! Though Fharaas, the Seer In Skin, will likely punish you if your ritual doesn’t involve the examination of actual flesh.

You’re going to look really weird, is what I’m saying. At least if someone barges in on you, you can claim you’re inspecting them for something or other. Infection, signs of magic, etc, whatever you can come up with to blunt the blow. You can cover yourself moderately well by being a butcher or a hunter in your day job, as the severed limb doesn’t have to be human, or even sapient (hence why I suggest a Sack Of Rats), letting you freely slice up and examine your kills.

Bleed effects are fairly uncommon in the grand scheme of things but are also a pain in the neck to deal with in the middle of battle, so this giving a +4 bonus aga--wait, sorry, hold on no, this isn’t a bonus to saving throws? Or skill checks to heal bleed? It just... Stops them if they deal 6 or less damage? You don’t even have to make a save?

Okay. Okay, alright. So you’re just immune to bleed, then?

More or less, really. There are very few monsters that deal more than d6 bleed damage with their attacks (be warned that higher-level ones can sometimes stack their bleed!), and this ability also works on the rare but dreaded stat bleed, and off the top of my head there are NO monsters that deal more than a d4 dice in stat bleed damage. My main problem is that it doesn’t reduce the bleed damage you take by 6, so taking even 1 more point of bleed damage makes this ability useless. Still, though it’s fairly narrow, being effectively immune to a dangerous and irritating status ailment at level 3 or so (when bleed is at its most threatening) is well worth taking up butchery. 

Boon 1: Keen Edge Boon 2: Vision Boon 3: Foresight

Keen Edge is a spell you absolutely want to slap onto any vaguely pirate-y or hoity-toity party member you may have, as cutlasses, rapiers, and scimitars all leap from a dangerous 18~20 critical range to a terrifying 15~20, meaning they threaten to critically strike 1 out of every 4 attacks instead of just once every other fight or so. With a duration of 10 min/level, the enchantment will likely last multiple fights even if you only have it 1/day, but unfortunately it refuses to stack with any crit-boosting enchantments or feats the wielder may already possess, lessening its usefulness as your adventure goes on and your martial party members pick up increasingly fancy gear and pad out their collection of feats. Still, it’s useful for when you get it, and will remain useful for several levels after.

Vision is a whole different beast, and a dangerous one at that. It operates as the Legend Lore spell but vastly accelerated, allowing you to scrape the public consciousness for any information it may have on a specific person, place, or thing. I’ve complained about the general niche uses of Legend Lore before, but Vision grants the information in a much shorter time (a single standard action) at the cost of a potential for failure and a slap of fatigue whether you succeed or not. I don’t like 1/days that do nothing on a failure, but since Vision is purely a downtime spell (unless you need to know the boss’ weakness or info on the Evil Doom Artifact right now immediately), it’s not as much of an impediment to lose out on whatever information it could give you. That being said, the DM will likely have ways for you to do whatever plot-relevant research you need anyway, so Vision is more of a way to speed up the process than anything.

Which leaves Foresight, a spell whose main benefit relies intensely on DM cooperation, as I’ve ranted about here. Mechanically it’s fairly unimpressive, but if the DM reads the spell carefully, they should realize it gives whoever you cast it on a 6-second glance into the future at all times. Whatever horrors befall the victim 6 seconds from now should spring into your mind before they happen, making you the best trap radar on the planet, and the spell’s warnings for the best ways to protect yourself will urge the DM to grant you information about the enemy’s capabilities you may never otherwise know... but what do you expect from 9th level magic? It SHOULD be filling you in with details you’d never figure out!

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Inkariax, the White Death

Demagogue of Preservation, Absolute Cold, and Solitude Domains: Evil, Law, Void, Water Subdomains: Fear, Ice, Isolation, Slavery

Obedience: Inventory your collection of hoarded knickknacks, reciting your unique name for each item as you do Benefit: Gain a +4 profane bonus on saving throws to resist effects that would petrify or paralyze you.

God, finally, someone normal. At worst you’ll look like someone with a few obsessive issues, but at least you won’t look like a menace to society as you lay out your, I dunno, marbles or bone dice or dolls or what have you and make note that they’re still there, cooing to them with names only you know. It’s fitting for Inkariax, of all the Demagogues, to have an Obedience that requires no self-harm, physically or psychologically; unlike all the rest, he was born perfect and doesn’t need to chase after it. Instead, he pursues finding perfection in others, freezing and collecting people and items he believes represent perfection in whatever unusual way he desires that day (having perfect posture, or a perfect scream, or a perfect pair of eyes, etc). Much like him, you’re encouraged to expand a collection of whatever you deem perfect and desirable, which you’re often going to do just over the course of normally adventuring. I’ve yet to see a player character that doesn’t start amassing all sorts of junk in their pockets the moment they get a Bag of Holding or similar.

Indeed, you can just pick up whatever catches your fancy, be it stones, sticks, or severed bits of an enemy, though I’m sure Inkariax will ever-so-slowly raise a disapproving eyebrow if you just pick up any old junk. Make sure to curate your collection now and then! Being able to perform this Obedience with anything you happen to gather is especially helpful if you’re ever separated from your collection (always a danger) and need to start again, but note that each item you gain in your collection must have a completely unique name. That’s only really a danger for especially RP-heavy campaigns, but in such campaigns Worship of the White Death isn’t for everyone who just names all their collected bird feathers Jeffery. Start getting in the habit of stretching out your inventory sheet with names for all your items!

The benefit you get from lovingly counting up all your stolen statuettes and dusty books is resistance to two of the worst status effects in the game. While petrification is relatively rare it typically appears in Save-Or-Suck form, which makes protection against it far more valuable than, say, protection against something like the far more common fatigue or exhaustion. Paralysis is an ailment just short of a death sentence by itself, costing the victim their turn at best and their life at worst, so even a +4 between you and that is something you need to cling to with your entire being.

Boon 1: Sleet Storm Boon 2: Sequester Boon 3: Microcosm

Sleet Storm is a very simple spell with a decent number of functions. Its Long range means that any enemy in your line of sight can potentially be a target, letting you lash out easily at ranged enemies or dangerous casters by creating a 40ft-wide and 20ft-tall area of concealing sleet that’s impossible for any vision to pierce (except the rare and niche Snowsight or Fogcutter Lenses). Anyone inside will have to rely on Tremorsense or Blindsense (though the jury’s out on if the splashing of the sleet would confound those, as well) to navigate it, and 40ft of difficult terrain can feel impossible to clamber through when you start right in the middle of it with no idea which way is the way you need to go. It’s one of the strongest vision-blockers in the game due to its immunity to common tactics that thwart lesser spells (Gust of Wind, True Seeing, etc), forcing enemies to either blow their valuable uses of Dispel Magic or suffer for its entire duration. My only complaint is that you only get it 1/day and that it screws over your party just as hard if you use it incorrectly.

Sequester is as niche a use spell as there ever was for players, requiring a bit of forethought about what or who you’d want to hide with it. The target must be willing or inanimate to be affected, so tricking an enemy via Charm or Dominate into accepting the spell can keep them fresh as a daisy for weeks at a time if you ever have a reason to do such a thing. More often than not you’ll use it to conceal items you seriously don’t want seen or detected, such as a Bag of Holding or similar loaded with your collection of knickknacks or emergency supplies, a particular hostage, an NPC you need to keep alive, or your phylactery if you’re a Lich. If you’re especially sadistic, using it on an item someone else needs and throwing it into a well or a hoard of other objects will keep them occupied for a while. If you’re a more martial character, using it to hide your armor is viable, making it seem as though you’re invincible when enemy blows bounce straight off, or even your weapon to confound your enemies who seem to be taking wounds from an unseen item. Your mime routine will be killer, literally! Just... Just don’t drop the thing, because in the heat of battle you’re never going to find it.

Microcosm is one of the best spells you can hurl into a crowd of commoners or a swarm of foes meant to gum you up instead of actually threaten you. Its 30 HD limit will mean it likely will only strike one or two creatures capable of actually threatening you, but it’s brutal even then. The spell is permanent, trapping your victims in an illusory world in which everything goes right for them even as their bodies starve to death in the waking world. Anything with less than 10 HD is automatically affected with no saving throw, the spell easily mopping up mobs, while anything with 11~15 HD escapes automatically after 10 min... per level you have. On a successful save. There’s Save-Or-Suck, and then there’s the immensely rare Save-And-Suck! No wonder Microcosm is ONLY on the Psychic’s list! Anything with more than 16 HD is unaffected if they succeed their save, but all their allies are likely in an everlasting dreamland now. The big issue is that the HD restriction is way tighter than you may think; creatures, especially at higher levels, usually do NOT have HD matching their CR, but if you’re mainly battling level-appropriate Humanoid or Monstrous Humanoid creatures, Microcosm is fairly reliable in such battles, as those foes typically have HD that roughly matches their CR. But if you’re up against, say, Dragons or Outsiders, good luck bud.

Side note: Microcosm and Sequester used in combination make for excellent ways to start your own morbid collection of living creatures, just like your icy master! Just make sure you have some non-Divination means of seeing them, as Sequester blocks even True Sight.

[technicallydeliciouspainter]

How we got duped into cooking with gas

Gas stove actually unleash indoor air pollutants like soot, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Beyond that, greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels like natural gas drive climate change. That’s why there’s a push now to electrify homes; electric stoves can run on clean energy.

The history of how “cooking with gas” campaigns have made a source of fossil fuel combustion in our homes seem completely innocuous gets pretty ridiculous. Leber dug up a rap video from 1988 that spends an entire four minutes hyping up gas stoves in rhyme. “Gas is so hot, it’s not on when it’s off / it’s the only way to cook, that’s what I was taught,” the rap starts off.

Fast forward to about two minutes into the video, however, and there’s a disclaimer in the lyrics that my colleague Sean O’Kane noticed: “Safe cooking begins with range location / avoid main traffic paths and also isolation.”

Today, gas groups pay social media influencers to advertise the supposed benefits of cooking with the fossil fuel, Leber reports. A public relations representative even posed as a resident in a neighborhood to stir up backlash against building codes that would discourage natural gas hookups in new construction, she writes.

You have to read the truly bizarre and alarming history of gas that Leber traces in her article. With many of us spending more time working and hanging out at home during the pandemic, it’s more important than ever to be aware of what we’re exposed to inside the place that’s supposed to be our refuge.

How to Deep Clean Your Gas Stove Burners Using Natural Cleaners

No library of kitchen cleaning tips would be complete without an article on deep cleaning gas and electric burners! Dirty, greasy gas burner grates and drip pans not only age the appliance, but they also can affect your cooking and present a fire hazard. Cleaning stove burners is simple when you use these tips from the pros. Read on to see how you can get your stove sparkling clean with gas stove cleaner made from natural ingredients.

How Often To Clean Gas Stove Burners

Tempered glass gas stove is easy to maintain. However, when the flow of gas gets blocked, the burner heads can’t burn efficiently. Check the gas burners for irregular flame patterns and yellow flames. These are the best indicators that it’s time to grab your gas stove cleaner and get to work. Other than that, cleaning your gas stove monthly should keep it working at its best.

Here’s what you’ll need to get your gas burners clean:

Dishwashing detergent

Baking soda

Non-abrasive scrub pad

Cleaning cloths

Old toothbrush

Paper clip

Cleaning Gas Stove Burners and Caps

If you have a cooktop with a pilot light, you’ll need to shut off the gas valve first. Gas burners have a removable ceramic cap that diffuses the flames. Beneath the caps, the burner head sits atop the gas tube. Remove the caps and the burner heads by carefully lifting them straight up. Avoid damaging the ignition electrode if you have one.

Soak the burner heads and caps in soap and warm water for 30 minutes. Scrub buildup from the burner heads and caps using a non-abrasive scrub pad and an old toothbrush. If the port openings are clogged, use a paper clip to clear them. Be careful not to damage the metal.

How To Clean Electric Stove Burners

Here’s what you’ll need to get your burner stand clean:

Dishwashing detergent

Baking soda

Non-abrasive scrub pad

Microfiber towel

Cleaning cloths

If your coils and drip pans have caked-on grime, turn the burners on for a few minutes to burn off residue. After they cool, wash the drip pans with warm soapy water and cover them completely with a mixture of 2 parts baking soda and 1 part water. Let the drip pans sit for 15 minutes.

While the drip pans are soaking, wipe down the stove coils with a damp cloth to remove stains and residue. Scrub the drip pans and rinse the baking soda mixture. Use fresh soapy water to wash off the residue, then rinse and dry. Buff them to a nice shiny finish with a microfiber towel. Now, on to your stovetop.

How to Clean Your Stovetop

For gas stovetops, use caution and avoid getting the electric starter wet. Degrease the stovetop by wiping it down with a damp cloth to loosen up the top layer of residue. Use a sponge and soapy water to cut through the grease and wipe down your stovetop with a damp cloth to remove the cleaning solution.

For tough buildup, turn to your homemade baking soda mixture. Spread your cleaning paste over the entire stovetop and let it sit for at least 15 minutes. Scrub the stovetop and wipe off the baking soda cleaner with a clean, damp cloth.

If you are intimidated by cleaning your gas or electric stove, or any other place in your kitchen, don’t fret. Call The Maids for a free estimate and get that good-as-new, clean home feeling you love.

Gas stove tops offer quick temperature control and are more affordable to use than electric stove tops.

The best material for a gas stove is one that can conduct and distribute heat evenly, and respond quickly to temperature changes.

For the best cookware for gas stoves, look for ones that are made of stainless steel with aluminum or copper layers.

The average household gas stove looks like it can handle quite a bit. Its sizable build, durable fabrication, rugged cast iron grates, all signify a hard-wearing kitchen appliance.

Still, as with any appliance, especially one used practically every day to prepare food, it’s important to handle gas stoves with care. This means making sure the stove is well-maintained, properly cleaned, and used with the right cookware.

While technically any pot or pan can be used on a gas stove, there are certain materials that are better suited for its open-flame style of cooking. We recommend our own stainless steel cookware for gas stoves. In this article, we’ll share what those materials are, explain why they work so well, and round up some of the best cookware for gas stoves available today.

The Features of a Gas Stove

Iron gas stove may be older than electric stoves, but they’re still the preferred option for a number of reasons.

First and most important is how easy it is to adjust the heat of a gas stove. A burner can be turned on and off in an instant. And every twist of the control knob creates an immediate corresponding change in the burner’s flame level — a lightning quick heat response that’s crucial in cooking.

Many cooks also like how the flames provide a convenient visual cue about the stove’s current heat setting. This can be a bit trickier to gauge with the dark glass tops of electric or induction cooktops.

An added bonus of the open flame is that it lends itself well to quickly roasting a few small items, like corn tortillas, bell peppers, or marshmallows.

Cooking with gas is also comparatively cheaper than cooking with electricity. Gas stoves generally run on propane, butane, petroleum, or natural gas, all of which are quite affordable. This gives gas stoves an advantage, not only for the cost-conscious home cook, but for anyone who finds themselves in the middle of a power outage.

As for cookware, gas stovetops easily accommodate a wide range. They can be used with just about any type of cookware material and shape — from small skillets to tall stockpots. Woks in particular were designed to be used over an open flame.

Flames, however, don't naturally distribute heat in a uniform manner. Some parts of a pan will have more contact with stronger flames than other parts, and the heat can be very concentrated, especially on a low setting.

Add this to a gas stove’s ability to change temperatures in an instant, and it's easy to see why it's so important to use cookware that can ably withstand these variations.

Choosing the Best Portable Gas Stove

Portable gas stoves are crucial gear for the gourmet on the go. These stoves usually come with a burner and a cooking surface, and they let you boil, simmer, sauté, and fry. If you can do it on a stovetop at home, you can do it on a portable stove.

Folding gas stove is different than a portable gas grills. Portable grills are similar to the grills you use at home. If you want to grill up hot dogs, chicken, or vegetables, you’re good to go with a portable grill. But sometimes you want more than your standard backyard barbecue menu, and that’s where a portable gas stove comes in. These have burners more like a traditional stove. They often come with containers to cook in, but many can also be used with other types of pots, pans, and skillets like a regular stovetop.

What Kind of Portable Gas Stove Do You Need?

The adventures you have on the trail aren’t like anyone else’s. Your needs and your priorities are unique. That’s why there are stoves for every type of outdoor explorer, from long-distance backpackers to car campers.

As you think about your needs, there are some specific features you may want to think about:

Size – If you’re hiking, you’ll want to save as much space and weight in your pack as possible. If you’re getting to base camp and setting up quickly, you might be more willing to haul a little more gear in the name of having the perfect home away from home.

Fuel type – There are three main liquid fuels. Each have their own considerations and limitations. Then there’s our Jetpower fuel, which combines the benefits of both.

Propane is the most common camp stove fuel. It’s high-performance, and you can find it just about everywhere. Propane is what powers the Genesis base camp system, and Jetlink technology lets you build a high-efficiency network of burners from one propane tank.

Isobutane has a lower boiling point, and it’s lighter. That means it’s easier to carry, and it’s more efficient in colder environments. However, it’s also more expensive.

Butane is the cheapest fuel for a portable gas stove, but it’s also the least efficient and reliable. It has the highest boiling point and the lowest vapor pressure of the three gases.

Jetpower is Jetboil’s engineered blend of propane and isobutane. It’s a unique mix that combines the best aspects of both, and it’s what we trust to power most of our stoves. Jetpower delivers high vapor pressure in all four seasons.

Cost – Cost is certainly a factor in choosing a portable gas stove, and there are options at every price point. However, it’s worth noting that sometimes paying more up front can save money in the long run. A high-efficiency stove means you’ll spend less on fuel over time, and durable equipment means you won’t have to buy a replacement for a long time.

Durability – Most people want a stove that holds up outdoors as well as they do. Knowing that you’ve got a well-engineered stove means knowing you’ve got a reliable one.

Number of burners – How big is the group that you’re feeding? If you’re solo, or just out with a partner, you can probably get away with one. But if you’re feeding a group, you may want a setup like the Genesis, which starts with two burners and can expand as your group dose.

Utility – What are you cooking? Are you boiling soup? Are you making a three-course meal? The meals you plan to cook may be the biggest factor of all in choosing the stove that suits your needs.

[adarktrashcollectionunivers-blog]

What is Sauerkraut?

Raw Sauerkraut is a convenient, economical and fun way to ensure your health and enjoyment in life. An ounce or two will help ensure that your body and brain function better than before. Our Ultimate guide on how to make sauerkraut will show you how I make mine. Here is an authentic sauerkraut recipe that I got from my mother and father, way back during the Second World War.

The beauty in this fermented cabbage is that it can be eaten with any meal or just by itself. It is a low-salt health food that is made through a process of pickling called lactic acid fermentation. This process not only extends the shelf life of your cabbages, but it also kills the harmful bacteria that are present on your vegetables. Do yourself a favor and eat Raw sauerkraut. I assure you that you will not regret it!

Benefits of Sauerkraut!

Raw sauerkraut is loaded with the nutrients and probiotics that your body wants for health, vitality, and longevity. Furthermore, it has been used for thousands of years to keep the ancient world healthy and to reproduce. This great food will be your friend.

Sauerkraut offers the health benefits of spinach, broccoli, kale and cauliflower and an array of other vegetables. As a matter of fact, instead of looking for a salad, go to the refrigerator and grab a handful of this important stuff. Sauerkraut is easy to digest and nonfattening.

Additionally, raw sauerkraut helps your body to build its all-important iron supply.

Sauerkraut supplies vitamin C, vitamin K, lactic acid and the march, goes on and on.

Raw sauerkraut may contain about 400 types of probiotics as compared to commercial health food products that might have ONE.

Why make homemade sauerkraut?

Store-bought kraut is often pasteurized. The pasteurization process involves heat less than 100C to eliminate the pathogens that are present and extend shelf life. Heating, however, kills the good probiotics in sauerkraut.

Making sauerkraut in the comforts of your own home will prove to be more beneficial. Since you will still have access to the probiotics that will help keep you healthy and full of vitality as well as getting a tastier and more delicious Sauerkraut. Not only that, Making it at home costs pennies a day–the cheapest health insurance you can buy.

The makings of raw sauerkraut

Cabbages - Look for sweet new cabbage, recently picked—a day or two out of the patch. Big heads are ok, but two or three-pounders are more delightful to work with. Look for heads that are solid and ready to crack open. Older cabbage may be dried out, and you might end up adding some water. If you are concerned about insecticides or other contaminants, wash the cabbage in a mild solution of vinegar water or hydrogen peroxide. Washing will remove or neutralize most of “whatever” might have been used to get the fresh vegetable to your home. I use the cabbage as it comes—with a little caution.

Salt - I use the salt that is readily available at home. I like to keep my ingredients as simple and close to authentic sauerkraut recipes. Sea salt or pickling salt is good. But if you were to choose between rock salt and iodized salt, go with rock salt.

Water - As much as possible, I stay away from treated water. Certain chemicals are added to the water to make it safe to drink like chlorine, chloramine, and fluoride. If you are near a spring, you can try to use it for fermenting. If not, distilled water should be enough. You won't need much anyway.

Essential equipment when making sauerkraut

Chopping board - I like using my trusty old wood chopping board. You don't have to be picky. Any good board should do the job. Knife - A sharp knife for finely slicing the cabbages that we will use on our raw sauerkraut Wooden Vegetable Masher - I like using this when I ferment my cabbages. I use it to pound the vegetables and get the water out. Mashing Container - you place your finely sliced cabbages inside. Just make sure that it is sturdy enough to withstand the mashing of the vegetables. A thin, clean cloth used as a cover when we are fermenting our vegetables Weights to keep the cabbage from floating - I like to use a plastic bag with water in it. You can use whatever you have in your home.

How to Make Sauerkraut?

1. Cut the cabbages into quarters. Use the core too—it adds flavor. Now slice it into thin slices. I like mine about as thick as a quarter and nice long pieces—it looks pretty that way. You can place it into a vegetable chopper, but that is too much work.

2. After finely chopping the cabbages. Put it inside the container that you will be using. Any crock, jar or stainless steel pot will do. Wal-Mart sells a nice stainless steel pot that will hold about 2 gallon—they are cheap too. Any stainless steel cooking pan will serve for this task. Don’t use aluminum.

3. Mix the salt with the cabbage. This is low-salt sauerkraut: use about one teaspoon for each medium head of cabbage. A medium head of cabbage will weigh about two or three pounds. Use a tablespoon of salt for every 5 pounds—you do not want to pickle the “kraut.” You want it to ferment—don’t use too much salt.

Mix each layer of cabbage with salt. Start by placing a minimal amount of water and a pinch of salt in the bottom. This will help assure you that there is salt in the first layer. Now add a couple of inches of shredded cabbage, mix the amount of salt that you think that layer should have and tamp it down. Add a couple more inches of cabbage and mix in the salt. Again, tamp it down firmly. Pack it in layers that are about 2 inches thick, mixing some salt before tamping it down.

Soon you will see the liquid come through. Don’t fill it all the way to the top. Allow a few inches so it won’t bubble over.

4. Hold the cabbage under the brine. Cover the chopped cabbage with a thin cloth. The sauerkraut likes to float and must be held under the brine. My favorite “weight” is a plastic bag with some water in it. If you use this method, put some salt in the water—just in case it leaks.

Another method is to find a dish that fits into the vessel—turn it upside down and weight it down with a jar of water or any heavy item. Now cover the victim with a clean cloth to keep unwanted things out.

5. Now you can let it ferment. Some people ask where the best place to ferment sauerkraut is? As for me, this can remain on the table at room temperature or just set it in the corner. Don’t refrigerate until after it is all done fermenting. It will keep all summer in the refrigerator.

How long to ferment sauerkraut?

The fermentation takes about 28 days and goes through three fermentation stages. Each one takes nearly a week. You will notice a ceasing of bubbles before each phase changes.

The fun is watching it ferment. That is why a transparent glass or good clear plastic container is the most fun to watch. When the cute little bubbles stop floating up the task is done.

Can you freeze sauerkraut and how long can you keep it?

Yes, You can freeze it in freezer bags, jars or whatever containers you like. And if packed correctly, you can keep it for a year. You can also put it in the refrigerator where it will keep for several months. Homemade sauerkraut makes good food for camping trips as it will travel well at desert temperatures.

Homemade sauerkraut is a health food that doesn’t need cooked, seasoned or adulterated in any manner. Of course, you can do all kinds of nice things to this humble food. Have fun and Bigos add your personal touch. Use your imagination. Only remember that the microwave or cooking will kill the 400-plus types of probiotics that are important to your health.

In conclusion

Eat as much homemade sauerkraut as you want when checking the progress. Also, keep it handy for low-calorie easy-t0-digest snacks. Our modern foods have lost a lot of the vitality that is important to us. Additionally, raw sauerkraut can replace many of these—and will aid digestion.

A serving of raw sauerkraut can give your body as much of a health boost as the expensive health drinks and probiotics sold today. And always remembers the Old Guru's words, “Have fun and good health to you.”

[rashystreakers]

Link to Video: https://youtu.be/F_cpx8i7H6M

TONGS

Blacksmith Depot: https://www.blacksmithsdepot.com/ not cheap but solid and they sell a wide range of options. Consider a pair of Universal V-bit or some Offset tongs. Expect to spend $50 per set plus shipping.

GSTongs: https://www.gstongs.com/tongs.html these are generally shorter tongs 11”-12” but solid and heavy duty. They are $37 a piece plus shipping.

Ken’s Custom Iron: https://kensironstore.com/ these tongs are super affordable while still being good quality. However, they are not finished. Your blacksmith will have to put their skills to the test to finish these. The upside to that is they can forge them as they need and add to their experience, the downside is they aren’t ready to go right out of the box. Price is $50 for a bundle of 5 sets plus shippin.

Amazon Prime: V-Bit Bolt Blacksmith Tongs - 450mm (18")

HAMMERS

Brent Bailey Forge: http://www.brentbaileyforge.com/ Classic Cross Pein Hammer. Brent makes quite a few hammer types and they are all worth looking at. Most of them are a bit high in price for a low-budget beginner but if you have the cash you should consider purchasing one of his higher end models. If you want the quality and a good all around hammer though his cross pein comes in at $60 plus shipping. It’s a great deal and a great product.

Guildwerks: https://www.guildwerks.com/ They make a beautiful and classic American style rounding hammer. While they are not cheap, this will be a hammer that can be passed down from generation to generation. Hammers start around $250 per hammer.

Hammer Source: https://www.hammersource.com This site stocks all types of hammers. They are generally very affordable like the 1.5 lb Nordic rounding hammers $47 per hammer and the Swedish Pattern Blacksmith Hammer for $49 per hammer plus shipping. If you are looking to save some money but still get a great functioning product check them out.

FORGES

Chile Forge: http://www.chileforge.com/ Arguably one of the best propane forges on the market, they heat hot, fast and evenly. Used by smiths like Jason Knight and David DeLagardelle, you won’t be disappointed in performance. They start at $750 for a one burner and go up from there (plus shipping).

NC Tool: https://www.nctoolco.com/ A mid range forge of good quality and design, this forge is one of the popular forge makers out there. Price starts at $435 for a single burner.

Texas Forges: https://www.facebook.com/jcfuzzzyface47/ They sell a one burner forge starting at $200 and price includes shipping to continental U.S. It’s a solid forge on a budget and may just be what your blacksmith needs to get hot.

Coal Forges: http://www.centaurforge.com/ They have a huge selection of coal forges and they start around $375. They are running specials through the holidays this year.

ANVILS

Centaur Forge: http://www.centaurforge.com/Anvils/departments/141/ This distributer has quite a few options starting at about $300 for a 70 lb anvil and going up from there. The nice thing about Centaur is that they have a $9.85 flat rate shipping fee or free shipping for orders over $375.

Anvil Brand: https://www.anvilbrand.com/shop-categories/anvils/   While they have many of the same options as Centaur they have a few additional brands that may be worth a look if you have a little more jingle this holiday season. JHM Certifier 100 Lb. Anvil

Grizzly Industrial: http://www.grizzly.com/products/300-lb-Anvil/G8150 This anvil is a decent weight and the price is quite nice. Perfect beginner forge. Maybe also get a magnet and a chain with this to help turn down the ringing. Grizzly G8147 Anvil, 55-Pound

DRIFTS, CHISELS & PUNCHES

Tomahawk Drift: Sold by Brent Bailey Forge http://www.brentbaileyforge.com/ , these tomahawk drifts ($110) drifts are made to take a beating. They are forged from tool steel and have a much longer lifespan than a cast iron drift. While you are on his site check out some of his other pieces too, like the basic punch for $45.

Slot Punch: https://www.wateroakforge.com/products/blacksmith-slot-punch?variant=26989971463 The slot punch makes so many projects possible to a blacksmith. Bottle openers, axes, hammers and more will all be possible when your blacksmith has a slot punch at their disposal. Water Oak Forge sells one for $13.50 plus shipping. At that price you might as well buy 2!

Anvil Devil: http://www.piehtoolco.com/contents/en-us/p7195.html These little devils, available from Pieh Tool Co. are little anvil top chisels that can be used to hot cut, mark lines and create texture without having to see if it fits in your blacksmith’s hardy hole (the square hole on the face of the anvil). They are handy and portable cost less than $5. They are perfect for stocking stuffers!

STEEL

New Jersey Steel Baron: http://newjerseysteelbaron.com/shop/product-category/high-carbon-steel/ Okay, most steel from here is sold in 4 foot sections. So you may have to cut it up or give it in a long tube. Maybe start with some 1075, 1084 or something a little more durable like my favorite, W2. On second thought stay away from the W2 so there is plenty left for me ;)

McMaster Carr: https://www.mcmaster.com/#standard-steel-rods/=1ae9p7r  They sell a decent range of steels and in various sizes. You can get some bar stock W1, the same steel I made my winning Panabas from on Forged in Fire.

Jantz Knifemaking: http://www.knifemaking.com/category-s/1502.htm They offer some smaller sized pieces, cheaper for shipping and you can pick up some other handy items from their online store.

FUEL

Propane: https://www.lowes.com/pd/Worthington-Pro-Grade-40-lb-Propane-Tank/3089595 Buy an exchange propane grill tank from a grocery store or gas station. Even if your blacksmith already has one, two is even better! You can also give a gift card to KOA, which refills propane 7 days a week.

Coal: You can order this from Ebay, Blacksmith Depot and Centaur Forge or you can just be bad and hope Santa delivers a big pile on Christmas morning.

Lump Charcoal: https://www.walmart.com/ip/Royal-Oak-100-All-Natural-Hardwood-Lump-Charcoal-4-lbs/54065925 Yes, you can use charcoal, no it’s not the best or cheapest but it’s a good fuel option and lump coal from wood is often sold in grocery stores. Make sure you are not purchasing briquettes as they really mess up the steel, burn cooler and dirtier.

BOOKS, DVDs & LESSONS

Books: The Backyard Blacksmith by Lorelei Sims, The Complete Modern Blacksmithby Alexander Weygers and The Complete Bladesmith: Forging Your Way To Perfectionby Jim Hrisoulas.

DVDs: J. Neilson’s How to... series http://chriscrawfordknives.com/dvds/

Classes: There are many schools and folk schools and bladesmiths that offer classes like Walter Sorrells and Alec Steele who has quite the “okaly dokaly” online course https://beginblacksmithing.com/.

SHOP SUPPLIES

Beeswax: Hansi Beeswax Premium 5 oz> Nothing shines up a freshly forged piece like a bit of wax. You can pick this up at Hobby Lobby and other crafting stores.

Rags: Blacksmith shops are messy places, our hands are dirty and are clothes are dirty, but with some good shop rags we can keep some of that dirt at bay. Shop towels, Perfect for your Shop (14x14) inches, 25 Pack, (Red)

Vinegar: It’s a great product for removing scale. I keep a bucket full at all times in my shop. We buy it in bulk sized containers from Costco. Distilled White Vinegar Jug, 1 gal

Grinder Supplies: Belts, discs and wheels get burned through pretty quickly in a blacksmith shop. A replenished supply at Christmas would go a loooooong way. Just make sure you know what type of equipment you are buying for and that your order will fit. Harbor Freight, Northern Tool, Lowes, Home Depot, Ace Hardware and Menards are all good places to buy many of these items. 4.5" Angle Grinder Flap Disc 40 Grit - 10 Pack

Soapstone: It’s a fireproof stone that comes in the shape of chalk like sticks that smiths can use to mark their work as they go. They aren’t very expensive and you can find them at just about any hardware store. Flat Soapstone Holder with 7 Flat Professional Quality Soapstone

Wire-brushes: These help us keep the metal clean and free of scale as we work it. We can wear them out rather quickly so we don’t usually turn our nose at them. Also readily available at most hardware stores. Steel Wire Brush

Sandpaper and Steel Wool: Also another item that seems to burn up faster than wood. Even though I have a grinder I still go through packs of 120, 220, 320, 400 and 600 grit sandpaper on a regular basis. I also use my fair share of steel wool, just make sure it’s #0000 Steel Wool #0000 Super Fine

Oils: We use oils for all kinds of things in our shops. From polishing wood to quenching knifes and sanding blades, oil helps us get the job done. Linseed is good for handles, mineral is good for quenching as is vegetable oil and even transmission fluid. Oil is good for darkening steel and giving it a rust protectant coating. Break-Free CLP-2 Cleaner Lubricant Preservative

SAFETY

Gloves: No elastic wrist bands, should be all leather. If married, order them some silicone rings so they are more likely to keep their fingers should a finger related accident occur.

Eye Protection: DEWALT DPG82-11 Concealer Clear Anti-Fog Dual Mold Safety Goggle Get something shock rated, Face Shieldsare a great investment!

Respirators: 3M(TM) Half Facepiece Respirator Assembly 6291/07002(AAD), Medium, with 3M(TM) Particulate Filters 2091/07000(AAD), P100 Blacksmith air is dirty air. Give the gift of healthy lungs this Christmas.

[theladyinthegraveyard]

                                      The Victorian funeral 

In the Victorian age, a person must wait to receive a formal written invitation, it was not suitable to send invitations to a funeral of a person who died from a contagious disease. If that was the case, there would just be a simple notice of death with the phrase “ funeral private”. Funeral guests were expected to arrive an hour before the service began. Unpon entering the funeral parlor or the house of the family of the deceased, men had to remove their hats. It was forbidden to laugh and talking in loud voice, same as today. In the funeral parlor as well as at home, the body of the deceised were to be placed and exposed to view and after the discourse, the guests may see the same by passing, in single file past the coffin, going from foot to head. On the way to the burial ground, there were six pall bearers who walked in three, on each side of the hearse, while relatives follow the hearse, behind relatives followed friends and people connected to the family. Ladies couldn’t follow this ritual by strict social etiquette. 

Parents who lost a child were in deep mourning for 9 months and half mourning for 3 months. Children who lost their parents mourned for the same amount of time. The death of a sibling requie 3 months of deep mourning and 3 months of half mourning. In laws, uncles, aunts, cousins and other relatives all had mourning periods that ranged from 6 weeks to 6 months. It would not be unusual for a person to be in mourning for the most part of the year.

 A woman’s remains would usually dressed in white rope and cap, while children were dressed in white cashmere robes. The casket was usually made of hard wood or cast iron if the decesead died because of a contagious disease. The coffin would be plain on the outside while the inside was usually satin lined. Another addiction to the coffin’s interior was usually a bell. Diagnosis were not always precise in Victorian Age and there are accounts of people that woke up in the coffins or in family crypts so the bell was put inside to be used in case the “deceised” woke up. Catalepsy was one of the reason why many people were buried alive, little was known about this disease.

 In Victorian Paris there were several night clubs that celebrate death. In Montmartre, one could ponder their mortality in the Cabaret du Néant ( Cabaret of Nothingless). People were served by monks and funeral attendees who offered drinks named after diseases which were imbided on coffins and caskets. At the Cabaret of the Inferno ( Cabaret de l’Enfer), a satanically themed nightclub, devil musicians would playing selections from Faust. Red imps would serve beverages and food. Next to this place there was its “opposite”: the Cabaret du Ciel ( Cabaret of the sky).

 In cultural terms there was a dichotomy between Good death and a bad one. The good death derives from the medieval concept that a good person deserte a good death, it means dying in your own bed, surrounded by family and friends, telling last words. This part was really important and anaesthesia was discouraged to allow the person to be enough lucid for final pronouncements. The worst fate was to die alone. London offered many examples of Bad death: people who died in prison, homeless people, poor, suicides. The last ones were the most criticized. Choosing death before dishonour was acceptable but the Church condamned suicide and it was illegal under English law, so the suicide was regarded as something unspeakable. People who committed suicide were denied burial in consacreted ground and the rituals of mourning. They were buried at night, at crossroads, their bodies desecrated with a stake hammered through their heart because there was the belief that they could come back to haunt the living as vampires or ghosts, and bury them at crossroads was a ritual to confuse the souls so they couldn’t know the right direction to take. This tradition to bury suicides at crossroads was still observed in the early 19th century.

The Victorian funeral was an important rite. Many people spent more money for their funeral rather than for their lives. An elaborate funeral was a sign of respect but the costs were really high. The choice of a coffin and the type of funeral was dictated of course by prices. There were different types of funerals, ranging from £3 5s to £53. The cheapest provided “a patent carriage, with one horse, smooth elm coffin, lined inside, bearers, coach man with hatband…” a funeral costed £4 14s and included “ hearse and a pair of hourses, mourning couch, 15 plumes of black ostrich – feathers, complete velvet covering the carriages and horses, stout elm coffin, covered with black cloth…”

The most expensive one ( £53) was the typical example of Late Victorian funeral:

hearse and four horses, two mourning couches with four, 23 plumes of rich ostrich feathers, complete velvet covering for carriages and horses, and an esquire’s plume of best feathers, strong elm shell, with tufted mattress, lined and ruffled with super fine cambric, and pillow, full worked glazed cambric winding sheet, stout outside lead coffin, with inscription plate and solder complete, one and a half inch oak case, covered with black or crimson velvet set with three rows round, and li dpanelled with best brass nails, stout brass plate of inscription, richly engraved four pairs of best brass handles and grips, li dornaments to correspond, use of silk velvet pall, two mutes with gowns, silk hatbands and gloves, 14 men as pages, feathermen, and coachmen, with trencheons and wands, silk hatbands, use of mourner’s fittings, and attendant with silk hatband…

The hears, especially, was the centre of the funeral procession. It comes from a French word for “ harrow” a frame with metal teeth for breaking up the earth. Funeral couches followed it and it was common especially for rich families. The number of couches attending a funeral was indicative of a family’s status. Black funeral horses with plumes of death was one of the most famous icon of the Victorian funeral.

the funeral goods added cost to a funeral, everything had to be bought new and of course the clergymen requie a fee. Even the day upon which one was buried was an indicator of status. Saturday was the aristocratic day for funerals, to be buried on Sunday was regarded as vulgar but at the same time was the only option for poor famiglie since they would work for all the rest of the week.

 Queen Victoria lost her mother in 1861 and 9 months later she lost her husband Prince Albert. The impact of these losses on her, led to a nervous break down. The Lord Chamberlain’s office decreed on 16th December 1861 that the ladies attending court must wear black woollen stuffs, trimmed crape, plain linen, black shoes and gloves and crape fans while the gentlemen had to wear black cloth, plain linen, crape hatbands and black swords. The Prince himself had left instructions for a modest ceremony, solemn but simple obsequies. The funeral took place in Windsor, on 23 December 1861. Bells tolled throughout the land and in many churches special services were held. In towns, shops were closed and window blinds in private residences were drown down. The queen’s mourning was estreme even for Victorian standards. In Kensington Gardens was erected the Sir George Scott’s Albert Memorial. Prince Albert’s rooms were immaculately preserved, a shaving jug of hot water provided everyday. She continued to wear mourning dresses, long after the statuatory two years period. By 1881, Queen Victoria defined the mourning rituals. A middle class woman would be expected to conform to etiquette. A young woman would wear deep mourning for at least 1 year: black clothes of a non – relative fabric such as bombazine, Parramatta or black crape. Matt black was felt to be lugubrious but appropriate. A widow wore funeral lingerie as well: white broderie anglaise, threaded with black ribbon. The underwear was not black, as the dye might wear off on a woman’s skin. Over the hair went a long black veil, reaching to her waist and decorated with weepers or black ribbons. The veil covered the face toh ide tears and deter the curious. The veil was originally made from crape, but this garment afflicted women with asthma, catarrah and even cataracts as a result of exposure to the black dyes. In the end of the 19th century a lighter material started to be used. When a young widow did go out, her coat was trimmer with black fur, or sealskin, she could wear mourning jewellery such as a brooch or locket containing a tress of a loved one’s hair, worked into the design of a willow tree or encased in glass and engraved with the motto “ In memoriam”. This trend of locks of hair dates back to Ancient Greece. Black enamel jewellery was popular, it could contain a miniature painted on ivory, or an urn. Sometimes these were imbellished with seed pearls, like tears. Once a widow had completed her first year, she dressed in secondary mourning. This had a less strict dress code, and white collars were permitted.

The ordinary mourning lasts 3 months in which women were permitted to wear fabric such as silk and velvet and also gold and silver jewellery with sombre precious stones. After this period, a window entered the 6 months of half mourning when colours such as grey, purple and lilac were permissible. Black evening dress was accessorized with a black fan, trimmed with ostrich feathers. Children were dressed in black as well because white was allowed only for infants. Servants also adepted mourning. A woman who would/could not afford mourning goods and clothes was highly criticized.

Commerce around death and mourning was really exploited by Victorian manufacturers. There were more than four mourning emporia in Regent Street. The most famous was Jay’s London General Mourning Warehouse, founded in 1841. This store saled only mourning costumes and all the goods necessary for a funeral. Black silks were a speciality of the house.

Another peculiar thing of Victorian funeral was the costum to photograph the dead. Post mortem photography was part of the Good death, a means of preservino the memory of a loved one. These photos were designed for circulation within the family and preservation in memorial album. In 1850s the development of the ambrotype made photography cheaper, it consisted of imaging a negative on glass backed by a dark surface. Then came tintype, positive photographs made directly into iron plate and varnished with a thin sensitised film.

Victorian era superstition regarding death

1)     It’s bad luck to meet a funeral procession. If you see one approaching, turn around. If this is not possible, hold on to a button until the funeral procession passes.

2)     You must stop the clock in a death room or you will have bad luck

3)     If you hear a thunder following a burial it indicates that the soul of the dead has reached Heaven

4)     If you don’t hold your breath while going by a grave yard you will not be buried

5)     If the deceased has lived a good life, flowers would bloom on his/her grave, otherwise only weeds will grow

6)     If you smell roses and no one is around, someone is going to die.

7)     If a picture falls off a wall, there will be a death of someone you know

8)     A single snowdrop growing in the garden is a presage of death.

Source: Catharine Arnold – Necropolis: London and its Dead 

Images: 

picture 1 - 2: hearse from Victorian era 

picture 3: undertaker’s paper 

picture 4 - 5: mourning jewerly 

picture 6: Peter Robinson’s mourning store paper 

picture 7: Queen Victoria in mourning clothes 

[carolinecarlsonnelson-blog]

Caroline Carlson Nelson Good Advice For Staying Beautiful

Caroline Carlson Nelson Certified tips provider.  Several different facets combine into the concept of what is beautiful. It has as much to do with your physical features as it does with your personality. It also has to do with your attitude toward yourself and others. By reading the tips here, you can look your best even when you are rushed. Follow the tips that work for you to bring out both your inner and outer beauty.

Allow your hair to dry naturally as much as you can to best protect it. Using heat from a hair dryer, straightening iron and curing iron can wreak havoc on your scalp and hair. If you must use a blow dryer, set it in the lowest, least damaging setting. Taking good care of your hair will ensure that it is soft and healthy for many years.

Caroline Carlson Nelson Specialized tips provider.  If you are light skinned or have light hair you may want to consider tinting your eyebrows. This will enhance the color of your eyebrows and will draw attention to your eyes and brows. You can tint your eyebrows by yourself and can find the the tint at most beauty stores.

Apply a few tablespoons of sweet almond oil to your warm bath for a relaxing treat that will leave even the roughest, driest skin feeling supple and soft. You can also apply it sparingly to extremely dry and damaged hair - but only on the inch or so above the ends.

Always moisturize your face before applying any makeup. It improves the way your makeup goes on, and it is good for your skin. If you do not use a moisturizer, your makeup may look cakey and uneven. Your makeup will last longer and your face will look fresh too.

Caroline Carlson Nelson Top service provider.  Give yourself a quick facial at home by filling a bowl with hot water, and then steaming your face over it with a towel draped over your head. This will open your pores and help to eliminate black heads. Follow with a cold water rinse to close the pores and continue your makeup routine.

Use a gel or creme blush instead of powder. This type of blush gives your skin a glowing and healthy look. Gel and creme blushes are more transparent and blend more evenly than regular powder blush. You should rub this blush on your cheeks and blend upwards for a flawless finish.

Renew nail polish with nail polish remover. If your favorite bottle of nail polish is getting a little thick, pour a few drops of nail polish remover into the bottle and shake. It will loosen the polish and thin it out, allowing you to get a few more coats out of it.

Make sure you get plenty of exercise every day. Staying fit and exercising daily will help you keep your youthful appearance. You need to keep it in your figurative beauty bag. You should allow fifteen or twenty minutes a day for exercise. You should stay active it it just means cleaning your home or walking around the neighborhood.

Caroline Carlson Nelson Proficient tips provider.  For shiny, colorful, rich, beautiful hair, it's important to wash your hair regularly with a good, low-oil shampoo. This is the only way to effectively prevent dandruff and other hair-related ailments. Make sure to also rinse your hair out weekly with apple cider vinegar to wash away chemicals from shampoo.

Use a brow gel to stimulate growth in sparse eye brows. Whether you have naturally sparse brows or got a little overzealous with the tweezers, a brow gel can help grow hair back. Look for one that has added protein. In the meantime, use fillers to shade the thin areas.

Even the most skilled makeup artist sometimes has difficulty applying lipstick neatly. After you have applied it, use a cleanup brush that has been dipped in powder to place the powder all along the lip outline. Next, use a disposable wedge sponge to blot away any excess powder that may be left.

Caroline Carlson Nelson Skilled tips provider.  To heal facial blemishes overnight, wash your face well and dab on a little pure tea tree oil before bed. You can also use tea tree oil full strength during the day or mix it with aloe vera gel for a light, natural, healing daytime moisturizer that tones and firms your skin.

The simplest and absolute cheapest way to reduce morning eye puffiness is using wet cotton balls thatbyou have put in the refrigerator! Simply soak the cotton balls under a running faucet, or use bottled water if your tap contains a lot of chlorine, pop them in a plastic bag and store them in the fridge. Come morning when your eyes are half closed and puffy, those cold cotton balls will work instant magic!

Sometimes, when coloring your hair, you may find that the color you chose simply isn't strong or intense enough for your liking. You can solve this problem by purchasing a second box of color, mixing half the product with shampoo, and reapplying it to just-colored hair. Let it sit for only 5-10 minutes before rinsing and you will find the color intensified.

If you have found a shampoo and conditioner that work well for you, then you should stick with them even if the brands may be different. It is best to choose those that have the same style intentions, however, such as getting both products for curl enhancers, color enhancers, etc., as the ingredients will be similar.

If your skin looks like it could use a wake-up, try this idea. Use a hot, damp washcloth (with a few drops of your favorite essential oil on it, or plain is fine too) and press it gently against your face for a minute. Finish with a splash of very cold water. The heat will improve your facial circulation and open your pores, while the cold water will tighten your skin and wake you up generally.

Caroline Carlson Nelson Most excellent service provider.  As noted before, beauty is many things that come together to make a person seem attractive or appealing. Keep the tips shared here in mind at all times to help bring forward the beauty that is in you. There is more to beauty than just your appearance; it reflects your true inner self.

[w0ndurland-blog]

Recognize When You Might Need To Call In A Plumber

If plumbing is something that can have you stumped, you probably know how expensive it is to have it done professionally. You also may have to wait for a plumber to arrive when there's a problem happening now! Don't let this happen, read on for tips on solving your own plumbing problems!

Use the sounds you hear from your pipes to help you to determine what they problem is. Certain sounds mean the water pressure is too high. Other sounds can signify loose pipes or slight clogs from calcium or iron build up. Listening to your pipes can save you a lot of money hunting down the problem.

If your water pipe has frozen, start water running in the faucet closest to the frozen pipe. This will give excess water somewhere to drain as the ice in the pipe thaws. Letting the water drain out will relieve pressure in the frozen pipe, which will reduce the chances of it bursting and damaging your home.

Unclog drains with ease. Try using a plunger and drain cleaner, as your clog may simply be a build-up of hair and debris. If this doesn't work you may have to clear the drain with a snake. Feed the snake into the drain line as far as it will go. Turn the crank gently, which will help to loosen the clog. Remove the snake, and run water down the drain to see if the clog has been removed. You may have to use the snake a couple of times, before the clog is cleared so don't give up!

If your toilet's water level is low, the toilet is clogged up, and using a plunger isn't resolving the issue, hold a bucket filled with warm water at about your waistline, and pour it into your toilet. You can repeat this procedure once the water returns to a low level.

If you are using a slower head, see to it that you replace it with one that has good quality. Many times, people think it is okay to buy the cheapest shower head that they can find. Cheap shower heads are not well-made and are very likely to break. Buying a cheap shower head will end up costing you more money over the long-term.

If your plumbing is making strange noises you may have lost something called your "air cushion". To turn this back on, you're going to need to turn off your main water supply. Run all faucets in your house and then turn back on your main water supply. This should make everything sound better again.

There are simple ways to check your toilet for leaks that can ultimately lead to great cost savings in the long run. The easiest way to do this is to pour a small amount of food dye into the holding tank of your toilet overnight. In the morning, if you have any color in the basin then you know you have a leak that needs some attention.

Before you can fix a toilet that does not flush properly, it is important that you find out what is causing the problem. Depending on what the problem is, you may be able to fix it yourself. However, more complicated toilet flushing problems may require the services of a plumber.

If you live in an area that sees routine freezing temperatures, make sure you do something to keep your pipes from becoming frozen as well. There are a wide variety of ways you can keep your pipes from freezing, which will help you avoid damage to your home and costly repairs.

As you can see, there's no reason to pay so much just to wait for a plumber to come and fix a problem that you could be working on yourself. Applying the tips in this article can save you time and money next time your plumbing needs to be repaired.

[arnoldszmidt-blog]

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SANDSTONE IN INDIA BY BHANDARI MARBLE GROUP INDIA RAJASTHAN KISHANGARH

BLOG -7

SANDSTONE IN INDIA

We deal in Indian Sandstone Marble, Sandstone Marble Tiles, Sandstone Floor designs, Sandstone Marble Flooring, Sandstone Marble Images, Sandstone Marble prices, Sandstone Marble Statues, Sandstone Marble Suppliers, Sandstone Marble Stones, etc.

Sandstone makes wonderful dimension stone, because it’s hard and impervious to the elements, yet it’s still relatively easy to cut, shape, and carve. That said, quartz-based sandstone and quartzite may require some additional fabrication cost due to additional time or tool wear since the minerals are so hard. Sandstone buildings are commonplace all over the World.

Sandstone construction to a whole new level. They have their own sandstone quarry near campus, with a ready supply of dimension stone. Most of the campus buildings are made of this stone, tying together the campus and lending a native feel to the architecture.

Sandstone is a beautiful natural floor covering that is popular for its distinctive style. Mimicking the look of beach and desert sand, the gold, red, brown, and tan of this often multicolored stone can add the perfect decorative touch to a room. At the same time, the fact that it is natural means that its properties are not controlled by a manufacturer, which can cause problems when it is used in a certain environment.

Natural beauty: There is an ineffable quality to a natural material that is obvious in sandstone flooring. Ranging in color from medium tone white to multicolored maelstroms and all the way back to charcoal and black, Sandstone can cover vast stretches of hues, and yet it always has a feeling of earth and rock that can be missing in many of its imitators.

Durability: Sandstone can’t match slate or granite for durability, but it is strong enough to last for decades if properly cared for.

Uniqueness: Because sandstone is formed from nature itself, the colors, patterns, and hues found in any individual piece are completely unique and different. When Sandstone is quarried, it comes out in giant slabs, which are then processed and cut into smaller pieces. That means that every piece of tile in every Sandstone floor is one random sample of a great masterpiece of mountainous nature that stretches across the world.

Texture: Sandstone, being a rock, comes from the mountain naturally craggy and jagged. In flooring tiles, this is leveled out in a process called gauging. This gives you many options with sandstone flooring, as this process can be increased to hone the tiles into smooth surfaces or even polish them flat and glistening.

Replaceable: Sandstone Flooring is installed in individual tiles or pieces, the tiles can be removed and replaced with relative ease. You just have to make sure that you save a few tiles from the original installation so that they match the repaired floor.

THE IDEAL QUALITY OF SANDBLASTED SANDSTONE AT BHANDARI MARBLE GROUP:

Sandblasted Sandstone: Grey Sawn Sandstone paving is lightly sandblasted, giving it a hard-wearing grain that is an ideal complement to its consistent, battleship-grey coloring. Grey Sawn Sandstone works very well in contemporary designs, creating a smooth, chic sophistication. Before buying, we recommend that all customers read our Product Guide in the Product Information section.

Sandblasted Sandstone: It is a quality product that offers sawn sandstone with a lightly sandblasted surface for slip resistance. This light grey natural sandstone is a very light color Dove grey with occasional buff shades.

Grey Sawn Sandblasted Sandstone: Sandstone is classic in origin. They are formed from cemented grains that may either be fragments of a pre-existing rock or be mono-mineral crystals. The cement binding these grains together is typically calcite, clays, and silica. Grain sizes in sands are defined within the range of Clays and sediments with smaller grain sizes not visible with the naked eye, including siltstones and shale’s, which are typically called argillaceous sediments; rocks with larger grain sizes, including breccias and conglomerates, are termed rutaceous sediments.

Grey Sawn and Sandblasted Sandstone:

The formation of sandstone involves two principal stages. First, a layer or layers of sand accumulates as the result of sedimentation, either from water or from the air. Typically, sedimentation occurs by the sand settling out from suspension; i.e., ceasing to be rolled or bounced along the bottom of a body of water or ground surface. Finally, once it has accumulated, the sand becomes sandstone when it is compacted by the pressure of overlying deposits and cemented by the precipitation of minerals within the pore spaces between sand grains.

DHOLPUR RED SANDSTONE:

Dholpur Red Sandstone is mined from a place called Dholpur. It is also famously called Agra Red Sandstone. In the ancient era, it was widely used in building monuments, forts, temples, and Havelis. The finest example of it is the majestic Agra Fort and captivating red fort.

As the name suggests Dholpur Red Sandstone has red texture. It is due to the presence of iron oxides. The Red Sandstone is used in a variety of applications like flooring, roofing, wall cladding, paving, and stone sills. Its qualities like durability, strength, resistance to acids, and saline water make Dholpur Red Sandstone a popular choice for construction projects.

Dholpur Red Sandstone or as is popularly called Agra Red Sandstone got its name from the quarries location and its proximity to Agra City famous world over for being the host of one of the Seven Wonders of the World THE “TAJ MAHAL”. Sandstones take their color based on the minerals proximity to the rock at the time of formation. The red color is imparted due to the presence of Iron Oxides near the bedding planes. This is hard wearing Sandstone designed for conformity of color and contemporary styling. Since ages, this Sandstone has not shown any weathering effects.

For example; during the archaic period it was expansively used in the construction of Indian temples, Agra Fort, Delhi Red Fort, and many other forts. Since; this sandstone is very responsive towards a variety of finishing like rubbed, honed, polished or sandblasted, shot blasted with hand-cut or sawn edges, Agra Red’s decorating versatility remains incomparable. For this reason, Agra Red Sandstone has become many architects’ favorite constructing material.

The large choice of sizes allows for some creativity in laying design. The color of this sandstone ranges from light to dark red. Owing to its strength, durability, resistance to abrasion and environmental weathering, acid and alkali resistance and advantage of easy handling and availability have made Indian Sandstone the material of choice for construction and making artifacts and decorative items. It has a variety of applications in roofing, flooring, paving, paneling, beams, pillars, doors, and window sills. It has been found most suitable for carving screens. Due to its excellent workability, it is fit for both exterior and interior uses.

Dholpur Red Sandstone is available in various finishes such as natural cleft, flamed, polished, honed, bush-hammered, sawn, acid washed, antique finish, and sandblasted to suit different applications. The finish and smoothness of tiles and slabs of sandstone depend on the finish of edges, which is available in machine cut, sawn, hand chiseled, hand dressed, and chamfered, beveled. The edges play a major role in the overall appearance of the architecture they are used in.

DESIGNERS AND ARCHITECTS ARE WELCOME

We personally invite designers and architects to find the exclusive quality of stone for all types of projects.

1- What is Indian Sandstone?

Indian Sandstone is a classic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments or organic material. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth’s surface, as seen in the Goldich dissolution series.

2- Where is sandstone find in India?

Sandstone reserves in India are spread over the states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, Over 90% of the deposits of sandstone are in Rajasthan, spread over the districts of Bharatpur, Dholpur, Kota, Jodhpur, Sawai-Madhopur, Bundi, Chittorgarh, Bikaner, Jhalawar, Pali, and Jaisalmer.

3- Is Indian sandstone good?

BHANDARI MARBLE GROUP’S sandstone is good quality Indian sandstone is important when planning to use it for your garden or patio. Sandstone paving is now one of the most-used types of natural stone available thanks to its versatile, stylish appeal that fits in both contemporary and traditional.

4- How is Indian sandstone made?

The difference in composition between Indian Sandstone and concrete paving slabs. Indian Sandstone is a natural, quarried rock that is cut and shaped into paving slabs. Concrete paving slabs are fabricated from a composite mix of water, cement, and aggregate.

5- Is Indian sandstone porous?

Indian sandstone has become increasingly popular in the UK in recent years as garden paving or driveway pavers.  Many of the cheap Indian sandstones are soft, porous stones that are easier to process, making them cheaper, but not strong enough to withstand the harsh British climate.

6- Should you seal Indian sandstone?

Quality Indian sandstone does not need sealing, so you won’t need to seal even the cheapest Marshalls Indian Sandstone Paving.  Decent quality non-porous sandstone just needs a regular clean to keep it looking good for years. If the patio slabs you are looking at require sealing, you need to ask why.

7- Can you power wash Indian sandstone?

A power washer is a great tool for cleaning Indian sandstone paving slabs. The machines are especially useful if you have a large area of sandstone to clean. Care must be taken in the amount of pressure used on sandstone.

Add by Sandstone expert and export team of BHANDARI MARBLE GROUP INDIA RAJASTHAN KISHANGARH.

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How to Cheaply Replace HP 15-cw0055nr Keyboard and Not Whole Palm Rest

Recently my sister’s HP 15-cw0055nr laptop was having some keyboard issues, and by issues I mean her cat knocked a beer over and the keyboard drank it all. After letting the HP Laptop dry she cleaned as much of the beer from the top of the keys as well as any beer she could reach from the inside with the back cover off.

After a thorough cleaning the HP 15-cw0055nr still worked and was usable, but a few months later the space bar key started to stick, the rubber membranes under it tore and fell off, and the key’s plastic internals eventually broken due to excessive mashing to “un-stick” it.

Fixing an HP 15-cw0055nr Keyboard can be Cheap or Easy – Not Both!

Normally when a friend or family member needs a new keyboard for the laptop I’m happy to help because there are usually just a few screws to remove and a ribbon cable to detach, plus they are usually under $20 on ebay or amazon. However, fixing this HP 15-cw0055nr proved to be a bit more difficult unless I wanted it to be a more expensive fix.

It turns out that these super slim HP 15-cw0055nr laptops do not have an easily removable keyboard. Unlike most laptops that have a few screws on the bottom that hold the keyboard down, these HP 15 series laptops must have the bottom cover removed and the internal components completely disassembled to get to the keyboard and remove it from the palm rest. Everything must come out – speakers, fan, motherboard, battery, hard drive, USB port sub-board, and the screen/lid must come off. This is true whether doing the easy fix, or the cheap fix!

Once all of the internal components were removed there was a clear plastic separator between the motherboard and metal keyboard backer plate to stop them from making direct contact – the clear separator was covered in dried sticky beer and it most definitely saved the motherboard from being fried. After removal, quick clean with soapy water and the clear sheet was as good as new!

Here’s a video of someone taking apart an HP 15-cs series laptop which is very similar to a 15-cw and is a good reference for getting the bottom shell removed. Sadly I did not take a video or photos when I did this repair so the below video will have to suffice!

The Easy/Expensive Fix for a Bad HP 15-cw0055nr Keyboard

If you just want to fix your HP 15-cw0055nr keyboard as fast and painlessly as possible then just buy a complete HP 15-cw palm rest from ebay and toss that bad boy on. It’s going to cost about $86.00 or more but it will definitely be easier than the next method!

The Cheap/Hard Fix for a Bad HP 15-cw0055nr Keyboard

If you are like me then you don’t like replacing expensive assemblies just because of one bad part on the whole assembly. Rather than replacing the entire HP 15-cw0055nr palm rest with keyboard bezel, keyboard, keyboard backer plate, plus maybe even the touch pad… I wanted to replace JUST the keyboard.

Removing the HP 15-cw0055nr Keyboard from it’s Palm Rest

The problem with that is.. they keyboard is held into the keyboard bezel by a backer plate that is in turn held onto the palm rest by plastic rivets. You will see the rivets once all of the laptops internal parts are removed – they are little flat 3mm wide circles of black plastic going all around the perimeter of the keyboard, plus a couple in the center.

To remove the plastic rivets you could heat up a soldering iron and then just scrape the rivets away – or you could do what I did and just use a small hammer (or anything hard with a bit of weight) to strike a small flat head screw driver held at an angle against the edge of the rivets to sheer the plastic rivets right off of the backer plate. It sounds difficult but it literally took me 20 seconds to knock all of the rivets off. Save the sheered off rivet heads, you might need them later (depending on how much of a perfectionist you are).

Here’s a video of a guy removing plastic rivets on an HP 14 series laptop by using a soldering iron to melt the plastic and a flat head screwdriver to scrape the plastic away. It would be much easier if he had a flat and wide tip on his soldering iron to do both jobs with one tool.

Finding an HP 15-cw0055nr Replacement Keyboard Online

The next problem is that because these keyboards aren’t meant to be removed, nobody sells them separate outside of the palm rest – I tried all the model numbers on the keyboard and found nothing online! However, I started searching the web for keyboards to similar HP 15 series keyboards and I found one on Amazon for HP 15-bs series laptops that looked very similar to the HP 15-cw0055nr keyboard except it was black and had a longer cable. There are other more expensive listings on Amazon for the same keyboard but the cheapest can be found on ebay if you can wait a longer than Amazon’s 2-Day delivery (plus they have silver).

Once the keyboard arrived I tried it out and it fit perfectly, almost…

Replacing HP 15-cw0055nr Keyboard with HP 15-bs series keyboard

When putting the new HP 15-bs series keyboard into my HP 15-cw0055nr laptop the right edge when viewing the back of the keyboard was being slightly obstructed by some plastic on the edge of the palm rest near the keyboard bezel. Because the plastic in the way housed some screw holes for the laptop internals I decided to shave the side of the keyboard rather than risk weakening the palm rest’s screw holes. There were just two spots about .5cm long that needed to be shaved down about .5mm which was easily achieved with a small file and 10 seconds of time.

After making the two tiny indents on the keyboard’s metal edge it slipped right into the keyboard bezel. However, there were a few notches on the bottom edge of the keyboard that didn’t line up with the nubs left from the plastic rivets I sheered off and those too just needed to be filed down. After that the HP 15-bs series keyboard was a perfect fit in my sister’s HP 15-cw0055nr laptop. To deal with the extra length on the keyboard ribbon cable I just added two extra folds to the cable in a spot where the extra thickness wouldn’t be in the way – it worked fine.

Below is an image representing the amount of metal in red that had to be filed off of the keyboard to fit. It is an approximation after the fact and the location of the filed areas may actually be up or down some (I can’t remember exactly) so don’t use this image as a template – actually put your keyboard into the bezel and see exactly where it needs to be filed down.

I figured the laptop internals would mostly hold the keyboard and backer plate in position so I didn’t bother worrying about the plastic rivets, and I was 99% correct. The center of the keyboard had a very slight sag that it did not have before – to cure this I used a few of the sheered off plastic rivets and I carefully super glued them back onto the center positions of the keyboard where nubs from the keyboard bezel were originally riveted onto the backer plate. I used a gel based super glue that would not run through the cracks before drying and I was sure to apply pressure while it was drying to make sure the backer plate and keyboard were firmly pressed against the keyboard bezel. Problem solved! Another effective method would be to melt all of the plastic rivets back onto their nubs using a soldering iron.. or if you don’t care about being perfect just put a strip of thin cardboard, folded paper, or rubber behind the center of the keyboard and backer plate.

Conclusion – TL/DR

Complete disassembly took about 20 minutes including the sheering off of the plastic rivets and keyboard removal, cleaning the beer off of internals took 5 minutes, and reassembly took another 35 minutes including the slight modifications to the keyboard and palm rest to make them work together. So for an hour of time I saved $69 by installing an HP 15-bs series keyboard into my sister’s HP 15-cw0055nr laptop – plus I only had a broken keyboard to dispose of instead of a broken keyboard and an entire plastic palm rest. I’d say I made the right decision.

By: John

https://www.jsnowcreations.com/guides/computer-guides/how-to-cheaply-replace-hp-15-cw0055nr-keyboard/

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Beauty Tips You Can Use Right Now

Many people are looking for different things to add to their beauty routine because they want to feel beautiful. There are many different tips and tricks over the years you have heard but may have forgotten. This article contains tips and tricks that will help you look and feel more beautiful.

Before using a fake tanner, remove hair from the area at least a day in advance. Shaving and waxing are both fine, but in either case, you need to wait a day to get the most out of your tanning product. Doing so will keep your fake tan even and smooth.

Beauty is certainly relative. Beauty can be found in many places. Maybe you feel the trees in your yard are beautiful, or your partner. If you pay attention to beautiful things, you will be more positive in life.

Creamy rose and coral colored blushes work well on square shaped faces to soften the angles. With your fingers, put the blush on the top of the cheek, then use a gentle tugging motion to spread out the color up toward your temples.

Let your hair cool off after blow drying it. Letting your hair cool will help set your hair style. If your hair has a hard time holding any style try using hairspray while blow drying it, using curling irons or hot rollers. This will ensure your hairstyle stays put.

Take care not to over tweeze your eyebrows. Repeated over-plucking can result in areas where hair refuses to grow back, resulting in bald spots. If you have already developed bare spots in your brows, fill in the areas with a brow pencil temporarily while applying a product to regrow the hair.

Use a misting spray to set makeup. After you are finished fully making up your face, lightly mist yourself with a sprayer. This will set your makeup, keeping it in place longer before requiring you to touch it up. This is perfect for long nights out or events such as weddings.

To make close set eyes appear further apart, apply your eye makeup so it is heaver on the outer edges of your eyes. Use light eyeshadow on the inner half of your eyes and darker shadow on the outer half, blending the two together seamlessly in the middle. Then, to finish off the look, apply your eyeliner and mascara so that it is heavier at the outer corner. This will give the illusion that your eyes are set further apart.

For shiny, colorful, rich, beautiful hair, it's important to wash your hair regularly with a good, low-oil shampoo. This is the only way to effectively prevent dandruff and other hair-related ailments. Make sure to also rinse your hair out weekly with apple cider vinegar to wash away chemicals from shampoo.

Paint your toenails before you go to bed. Make sure you have given your nail polish plenty of time to dry before going to bed. When you shower in the morning you can easily peel off any excess polish that you get on your toes for that perfect manicured look.

The simplest and absolute cheapest way to reduce morning eye puffiness is using wet cotton balls thatbyou have put in the refrigerator! Simply soak the cotton balls under a running faucet, or use bottled water if your tap contains a lot of chlorine, pop them in a plastic bag and store them in the fridge. Come morning when your eyes are half closed and puffy, those cold cotton balls will work instant magic!

If you like mineral makeup powder but it makes you scratch, look for forumulations that do not use bismuth oxychloride. Bismuth oxychloride is the reason many women feel they cannot use mineral makeups. However, there are a variety of brands that do not make use of the pigment.

If you suffer from ingrown hairs when shaving, try using a bit of quality moisturizing cream on your legs as soon as they're done "� that is before your legs are fully dry. A quality moisturizing cream is rich in emollients, which means that existing hairs will grow straight outward, rather than embed in your skin.

You may not have stuck your finger in an electrical socket, but your hair frizzes might suggest you had. To tame these nasty beasts, you will want to add moisture to your hair. Stay away from hairspray as it has alcohol that dries the hair. Apply hair serum to damp hair to lock in the moisture, and keep uncontrolled hair at bay.

Over the years, you have probably heard some of the tips, and tricks mentioned above. These are things you may have forgotten about or just never thought to use. After reading the tips and tricks in the article above you will have a better idea on how to look beautiful.

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Jeddah Clear Marble Company

Clear marble in Jeddah We provide marble clear in Jeddah through the best teacher Clear marble in crystal in Jeddah and the cheapest prices We also have the best clearing tiles, granite and stairs stairs and polishing and cleaning of ceramic and porcelain, bathrooms and kitchens and the settlement and emery of concrete.

Jeddah Clear Marble Company

A clear company marble in Jeddah is one of the preferred plain companies marble Jeddah

Our company is very specialized in the obvious field for marble, ceramics, etc.  We Bgele marble on several stages of professional

We start the work of the settlement of the marble by iron diamond discs, then soften marble only once, stone No. 60, and

then clean up The marble breaks well, and is filled with jolly depending on the color

, then we smooth the process by using the following diamond discs (100-200-400-800-1500)

, then we polish the marble with Spanish white salt, then polish the Italian yellow stone and after finishing polishing and cleaning stage Alnalh

, cleaning doors start Murr It has the final stages of a clear marble polishing phase crystals .

The tiles are stained daily with many stains and dirt that distort the appearance and hide its shine and make it look like old and worn out.

This requires daily cleaning of the tiles by rinsing them with liquid soap and water for the tiles or with a specialized cleaning agent.

Which restore the tiles its beautiful appearance and its lustrous shine, except that some causes cause serious damage to the tiles, which are difficult to treat.

And get rid of them with traditional cleaning methods, and the only solution to correct this damage is to clear the tiles,

And the clearing of the tiles will be through the use of special machines and machines for sanding tiles, according to the type of tiles and the outer shell for it.

This restores its natural shine and makes it look like new .

Clear the tiles with machines This method is based on the use of specialized machines that sand the tiles, clean and clear them without the need to use caustic materials and other strong solutions. This method is also easy to implement in a short time without having to rub and scrub manually.

The best tile clearing company in Jeddah

The working team  of Jelly Marble in Jeddah  installs the required marble and fills the marble voids with the glue material for marble, and it reconciles all the colors so that the voids are filled with the same color of the marble.

The  Jelly Tiles Company in Jeddah makes a sanding of marble so that the outstanding grains of marble are completely eliminated and made alongside each other.

A ceramic cleaning company in Jeddah uses  a  specific emery of marble, which is a sandpaper with a dimond on a number of stages that reach six in order to eventually reach a certain degree of smoothness.

As for the polishing of marble in the last stages, the company relies on imported high-quality sources of Italian and Spanish brands.

After finishing the marble polishing process, the company creates a layer of crystal, that layer protects the marble and makes it brighter.

In the end, the company cleans the tanks   and polishes the marble by using an Italian material to isolate the marble and it is of a high degree of quality, and it is worth noting that the marble isolation process has a great importance in keeping the marble from exposure to various external influences that are easy to affect It has to be scratched or broken, so its shape is ugly.

The following steps are taken to clean floors and kitchens:

Through the use of one of the specialized machines in this, the sanding of the ladders is done and the disposal of any dirt and dust.

Marble is gradually added to the stairs.

The shiny crystal material is added to the tray to make it appear more bright and shiny.

Sanding is done again to the stairs for the stairs to get rid of any excesses resulting from the work.

Thus, the steps of installing marble for the stairs are finished and you will get a wonderful, beautiful and shiny appearance.

The best tile clearing company in Jeddah

Great experience in the field of installing marble.

Relying on high quality bulky equipment.

The use of effective materials in the composition as well as in cleaning , effective materials also imported and most of them are Italian and Spanish brands, these materials do not cause any harm to marble in the long run and on the guarantee of the company itself.

A specialized team and trained in a large degree of efficiency and thus guarantees you a distinguished job and the highest quality available.

As for prices, the prices for  Jelly Marble Company in Jeddah  are unbeatable with any other competing company, as they carry out discounts and offers on close periods to gain the largest number of customers.

The possibility of arriving as soon as possible and anywhere you can ask for, and whatever amount of work will be done in the fastest time and with the highest quality.

The best marble clearing company in Jeddah

Where we use a lot of specialized machines in removing stains from old ceramic and tiles with a complete cleaning of the

joints between the tiles and each other to give you in the end an excellent aesthetic touch and all this at the cheapest prices

that we give to you as we provide you from today a cheap cost .. the

tiles in your house need a lot From time to dirty, especially if you care about cleaning it from time to time,

but if there are difficult stains such as dry ink stains, for example, or splatter of paint stains when preparing the house,

then this case requires you to contact the companies to clear tiles in Jeddah in order to protect marble and tiles from dirt more From that,

where the company uses Engineers The best tile scouring machine works to remove any deposits or paint residue and restore the tiles, marble and ceramic tiles with a smooth feel and clean look as before.

The cheapest marble clearing company in Jeddah

Jeddah Marble Cleaning Company provides you with polishing and cleaning of ceramic and porcelain, and the ways through which you will learn in our company, which is also responsible for the transfer of luggage, the way to clean the tiles yourself and want to buy a ceramic cleaning machine, as

we show you the best places to sell tile washing machines in Jeddah, where we provide you with the best selling stores All marble

grinding and polishing tools from old tiles and old tiles made of gypsum and cement.

Ceramics and polishing company in Jeddah

And in case you call us on the number of tiles clearing company in Jeddah, we will provide you with a discount of thirty percent of the total expenses for clearing tiles and marble and you have to take good care of the tiles in your home by protecting from exposure to stains that are difficult to remove by manual methods and in case this only happens you can visit a company Al Masa is the best marble clearing company in Jeddah, in order to provide you with all the technical advice related to marble and ceramic clearing methods, and to provide the best prices for cleaning ceramic in Jeddah.

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Phen375 formula - Lose Belly Fat Faster Exercise

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Exercises To Get Rid Of Fat In Your Arms

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Arplis - News: 10 Best Water Softener Systems for Large and Small Households

A water softener may not sound like the most exciting product that you will ever buy. Researching these type of system and choosing which type of softener will do the job for you is well worth doing, though. The best water softener systems can provide better drinking water, better washing for your skin and for your clothes and can even prevent limescale from building up in your appliances, which can significantly lengthen the lifespan of dishwashers, heaters, washing machines and even kettles!

In this article, weve taken into account some of the top features which are vital to ensuring you find a system which softens water perfectly for your home. Weve considered the grain capacity and the flow rate, both of which have an impact on how effective the softener can be, and the amount of water and hardness of the water they can handle. Naturally, weve also considered the features you should always consider when buying this type of product such as the dimensions, how much they weigh and the warranty offered by the manufacturer. It is far better to be protected.

Top 10 Water Softener Systems Review 2019

Our team have based these reviews on firsthand experience as well as information gathered from consumer reviews. Weve structured our information in a way to make it easy to compare, with a table, featuring recommendations of which product is best for which purpose, as well as individual reviews followed by a buying guide to help educate you when it comes to making your decision.

Name and Features Image Rating Price 1. ABCwaters 64K-56SXT-10BB (Editors Choice) 64,000 grain capacity softener with advanced touchpad controls a 5-year warranty and fantastic customer support

Check Price Read Our Review

2. Pelican Water NS3 NaturSoft (Best Salt-Free Water Softener System) A salt-free water softener that doesnt require electricity, with an unlimited capacity and a lifetime warranty

Check Price Read Our Review

3. Pentair 5600SXT 48k Grain Water Softener (Best for DIY Installation) Softener with LCD display and touchpad controls, a 48,000 grain capacity: good choice for water with high chlorine levels

Check Price Read Our Review

4. On The Go OTG4-DBLSOFT-Portable (Best Portable Water Softener System) A portable and lightweight water softener, with a 16,000 grain capacity: a great option for taking on RV trips

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5. Hansing Whole House Water Softener System (Best Small Whole House Softener System) A huge 185,000 grain capacity and a compact size make this a good choice for households with little space

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6. Whirlpool WHES30 A 30,000 grain capacity water softener system with an LCD display and touchpad, certified by the National Sanitation Foundation

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7. Iron Pro 2 Combination Water Softener Iron Filter Fleck 5600SXT Water softener system with a huge 80,000 grain capacity and 16 GPM flow rate, backed up by a 5-10 year warranty

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8. Tier1 48,000 Grain High Efficiency Digital Water Softener (Best Space-Saving Water Softener) Heavy-duty water softener system with a 48,000 grain capacity and a compact build that takes up very little floor space

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9. Aquasana Rhino Series Whole House Water Filtration System (Best Whole House Water Softener and Filter) Salt-free water softener and filter system with a huge 300,000 gallon capacity, this model removes contaminants while softening your water

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10. AquiosFS-220 Salt Free Water Softener and Filtration System(Budget Pick) Great value salt-free water softener, with a 40,000 gallon capacity, designed for minimal to no reduction in water flow rate

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1

ABCwaters 64K-56SXT-10BB Best All-Around Water Softener System

Features

Grain capacity: 64,000

Flow rate: 13 GPM

Dimensions: 12 x 12 x 52 inches

Weight: 147 lbs

Warranty: 5 years

Extra features: backlit LCD display, touchpad controls, 48-hour internal power backup; email, phone, text and FaceTime customer support

OVERALL RATING: 9.9 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

This is our top recommended all-around water softener system as it has an exceptional amount of features for even a busy home with a full family in. On top of this it is relatively simple to install, and doesnt take a huge amount of time and effort to do so if you know a little about DIY.

It is sold as a complete water softener system, meaning this doesnt need to have anything attached to it, it comes with two tanks which are constructed in America, the 12 diameter mineral tank and also a brine tank. These have an exceptional 10 year warranty so if anything happens to them in a decade of owning, you can take advantage of ABCWaters exceptional support.

The capacity of this system is one of its biggest plus points. It has a 64,000 grain capacity (other models in the range are available with less if this is overkill). It can flow at 13 gallons per minutes so even houses with a full family can make use of this system.

All-in-all, with such a strong warranty and lots of features, as well as the capacity to handle a whole family and not overly difficult installation, it is hard to look beyond the ABCwaters Water Softener as one of the very elite softener systems.

PROS:

Exceptional customer support

Video guides and full installation kit so you dont need to buy anything to fit the softener

10-year warranty on some parts, 5 for others

64,000 Grain capacity means longer between regenerating

CONS:

Not the cheapest

2

Pelican Water NS3 NaturSoft - Best Salt-Free Water Softener System

Features

Grain capacity: not applicable / unlimited capacity

Flow rate: 10 GPM

Dimensions: 18 x 18 x 49.5 inches

Weight: 32 lbs

Warranty: lifetime

Extra features: salt-free water softener, doesnt require electricity, zero waste water

OVERALL RATING: 9.7 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

Pelican manufacture a huge amount of water softeners and they have continued to try and evolve their range to offer new and exciting products to suit everybodys needs.

With the Pelican Water NS3 NaturSoft, they have created an unbelievably clever system which could in the future revolutionize the way water softeners work. This is a totally salt-free water softener, so it doesnt need electricity and it doesnt need regeneration at any stage, unlike most of the other softeners on the market. Because of this, it also has an unlimited capacity.

The flow rate is decent, with 10 gallons per minute able to flow through the softener. This is more than enough for most homes with one, two or even three bathrooms. It doesnt require electricity and does not produce any waste water. It is also incredibly small and compact, a fraction of the size and weight of some of its competitors.

So where is the downside? The truth is, it is very hard to find one, which is why we recommend this as one of the best products on the market. One of the troubles salt-free systems have is being as effective as those which use a brine system. This is 99.6% effective which is about as great as you can hope to get at the moment, but there are softener systems which use salt which are more effective. If you have a need for extreme amounts of softening such as 99.9%, this will come up short.

Generally, this seems to be the way that most softener systems will go in the future, at the moment, this is the best salt-free option.

PROS:

Lifetime warranty

Unlimited capacity

No salt required so no regeneration

CONS:

Not as effective as some competitors at 99.6%

3

Pentair 5600SXT 48k Grain Water Softener Best for DIY Installation

Features

Grain capacity: 48,000

Flow rate:3.5 GPM

Dimensions: 10 x 10 x 54 inches

Weight: 140 lbs

Warranty: 1 year (extendable)

Extra features: LCD display and touchpad controls, more resilient to city chlorine than standard resin, comes as a complete system

OVERALL RATING: 9.6 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

The Pentair 5600SXT 48k Grain Water Softener is one of the best softener systems for installing yourself. It ships with all of the installation instructions on a pen drive so that the consumer can go through the process without the need of a plumber.

This product offers an upgraded Cross linked resin which means longer between regeneration. It has an on-demand control valve and uses the traditional salt-using methods to get rid of calcium and magnesium from your water supply.

The regeneration is done on a meter, which basically entails the Pentair 5600SXT 48k Grain Water Softener measuring exactly how much water it needs to use and regenerate so that it doesnt waste any resources.

The 5600 valve is one which a lot of the Pentair products use, and they have been tested to the equivalent of an amazing 27 years worth of usage, so you should be able to expect decades from your softener system, but the five year warranty protects your purchase.

It also has a 48-hour backup system in case the power goes out, an LCD display and the actual tank itself has a 10 year warranty to offer even more protection. The brine tank has the capacity of 250 lbs but also comes with a float which can detect and prevent any overflow issues.

PROS:

LCD display and controls

Easy to install with instructions on a pen drive

Great for chlorine

CONS:

A few users have reported issues with the display screen after years of use

4

On The Go OTG4-DBLSOFT-Portable Best Portable Water Softener System

Features

Grain capacity: 16,000

Flow rate: 6 GPM

Dimensions: 22 x 9.5 x 9.5 inches

Weight: 32 lbs

Warranty: 1 year

Extra features: RV water softener, no-tools installation, no electricity required

OVERALL RATING: 9.4 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

The On The Go OTG4-DBLSOFT-Portable is one of the only products on the market which is designed to be totally portable. It can be used in an RV or on camping trips or in a holiday home, for instance. It has been designed to be compact and not rely on being installed within a home, so you can use it anywhere. It is even relatively lightweight at just 32 lbs.

The manufacturers describe this as the largest portable softener out there. It can run at six gallons per minute which isnt huge compared to home use but it is plenty for a portable product. Likewise, 16,000 grains would not be hugely impressive for a permanent home product but for a portable system it is great. It can regenerate using standard table salt, and this can then provide 40 days of use.

Other features which have been incorporated to help the portable nature of this product include a simple to use handle, a large opening for when the time comes to add salt to regenerate, and it has 360 degrees of movement for allowing the hose to be installed quickly and easily.

For a compact, relatively affordable option which can be taken on the road with you, this is worth a second look.

PROS:

Compact, lightweight and portable

Easily regenerates with table salt

CONS:

Only 16k grain

Runs at 6 GPM, less than some competitors

5

Hansing Whole House Water Softener System Best Small Whole House Softener System

Features

Grain capacity: 185,000

Flow rate: 5-10 GPM

Dimensions: 3.9 x 3.9 x 23.7 inches

Weight: 6.25 lbs

Warranty: 5 years

Extra features: softener resin made out of fruit polysaccharides and activated coconut carbon

OVERALL RATING: 9.3 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

This is a very intelligent whole-house system which is not only effective but also extremely lightweight at just 6.25 lbs, and compact at 3.9 x 3.9 x 23.7, so it can fit into relatively small spaces but can work for a whole home.

The incredible grain capacity of 185,000 means that this works for a long time before it needs to regenerate. When it does, this can be done simply and easily just by adding a fresh cartridge, so you dont have to do anything like salting your softener system.

The clever, salt-free system uses fruits polysaccharide and coconut activated carbon. This means there are no chemicals used and it helps to keep the minerals within the water whilst still removing bad tastes and smells and any chlorine which has worked its way in.

The GPM isnt as good as some other models at between 5 and 10 GPM, but it is still plenty for most peoples needs.

It is also made out of only the best and safest materials which are resistant to both acids and to alkalis, and stainless steel which is designed not to corrode over time.

A solid five-year warranty also confirms the build quality of the Hansing Whole House Water Softener System

PROS:

Huge 185k Grain capacity

Very compact and lightweight

Five year warranty

CONS:

GPM could be quicker

6

Whirlpool WHES30

Features

Grain capacity: 30,000

Flow rate: not specified

Dimensions: 19 x 18 x 43.5 inches

Weight: 102 lbs

Warranty: 1 year labour and parts (extendable)

Extra features: NSF certified, LCD display and touchpad

OVERALL RATING: 9.1 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

Whirlpool WHES30 water softener is a very big and bulky product, but it is built with a focus on appliances as you might expect from this brand, as Whirlpool manufacture a wide range of kitchen products and appliances and are known for giving a huge amount of support and info on their website.

This is an NSF certified product which is designed to prevent limescale such as calcium depositing on your dishes, faucets or even worse, in your appliances.

The clever design of these water softeners allows it to automatically work out how much salt is needed to regenerate, and this saves a lot of both water and salt in the long run by making the regeneration process far more efficient. This is an alternative to using a timer, which can sometimes result in wastage of salt and water.

Make no mistake, this is a huge product, and if you are looking for a compact water softener system this isnt for you. However, if you want something to make your appliances run for longer and with more efficiency, the Whirlpool brand can offer plenty of experience.

One downside is that this only offers one year of warranty, though this can be extended if you buy the cleaning solution and use this for the time you have the softener system. This can lead to having up to 5 years of warranty, which is more in line with what you might expect. The tank itself is protected by a ten year warranty.

PROS:

Reduces waste by only using water and salt required

Designed to keep appliances running for longer

CONS:

Very heavy and bulky

7

Iron Pro 2 Combination Water Softener Iron Filter Fleck 5600SXT - Best High Grain Capacity Water Softener

Features

Grain capacity: 80,000

Flow rate: 16 GPM

Dimensions: 65 x 13 x 13 inches

Weight: 110 lbs

Warranty: 5 year control head, 10 year on tank

Extra features: iron filter

OVERALL RATING: 9 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

This is a very hefty water softener, and is another which uses the Fleck 5600SXT valve which is popular among water softener systems. In spite of weighing a lot it is actually relatively compact and doesnt need the hugest of spaces to be fitted due to its cylinder design.

This is a high flow product with up to 16 GPM making it one of the best high flow water softeners on the market, and as an all-in-one product it ships with everything you need to get it up and running. The grain capacity is 80,000, but there are problems within this range that are available with lower capacity if 80k is likely to be overkill.

In terms of the installation this shouldnt be too difficult to do as an individual, even if you dont know too much about DIY. The manufacturers email out DIY instructions to help both install and start to program your system.

The Fleck valve removes a huge amount of hardness if needed and is very effective, making it very popular among these sorts of products. It is also very well made in the USA, and the filter is even made of iron, which means it is built to last. The softener backs up their claims here by offering an impressive five-year warranty on the whole unit. If you dont mind a slightly heavier softener and have room for it, this can be one of the best options to consider.

PROS:

Full instructions to install yourself

Incredible 16 GPM flow great for using as a whole house softener system

Lengthy 5-10 year warranty

CONS:

Heavy water softener

8

Tier1 48,000 Grain High Efficiency Digital Water Softener - Best Space-Saving Water Softener

Features

Grain capacity: 48,000

Flow rate: not specified

Dimensions: 10 x 10 x 62 inches

Weight: 135.6 lbs

Warranty: 5-year control head, 10 years on tank

Extra features: LCD display and touchpad, adjustable cycle times

OVERALL RATING: 8.9 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

Tier 1 have made an excellent water softener here which has embraced the high tech abilities available. For instance, there is an LCD display which can allow you to control the cycle times and other factors with a touch pad. You can even tell it how many people are in your family and the softener will adjust accordingly.

It has everything you need including a brine tank, valve, mineral tank and even the adapter, so you dont need to purchase anything separately for installation.

Perhaps the best feature this has to offer is the fact that it uses such an incredibly low floor space, so if you want a hefty product which can soften the water for a whole household, but dont have a lot of floor space to work with, you can tuck this away in a corner with no issues. It is a heavy product at well over 100 lb, but this isnt too unusual for larger softener systems. It manages to include a 10 x 54 mineral tank and 15 x 34 brine tank.

In tier 1s own words, this brand stands by its products. This softener system has a 5 year warranty on the head, and 10 years on the tank itself.

PROS:

5/10 year warranty

Uses incredibly low floor space

Option of adjustable cycle times

CONS:

Regeneration can take up to two hours

Grain capacity not as high as some competitors

9

Aquasana Rhino Series Whole House Water Filtration System

Features

Grain capacity: n/a, 300,000 gallons

Flow rate: 7 GPM

Dimensions: 20 x 10 x 48 inches

Weight: 71 lbs

Warranty: 3 years

Extra features: salt-free softener, removes 97% of chlorine and other contaminants

OVERALL RATING: 8.7 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

This is a product sold as a filtration system, meaning there are two different softeners within the system. This gives the incredibly high capacity of 300,000 gallons.

The system is designed not just to impact the water your appliances are using and you are consuming, but also to make the air cleaner by getting rid of any chemicals which may have otherwise got into the air through steam from your shower. This not only softens but it clearly filters the whole water supply of even large homes due to its huge capacity.

It is not a salt-based system, so you dont have to take out any of the minerals you may actually want for the water. On top of that you dont have to hook it up to electricity or even replace any salt within the system.

This softener system certainly has plenty to offer, the dual tank design means that water can be very quickly processed so the flow rate is exceptional, and the added filtration is a real bonus.

This is an expensive softener system, however, and another drawback is that some have reported charcoal leaks from the filter. It is also pretty bulky due to the dual tank design, so wont fit in tiny spaces.

PROS:

Added filtration system removes contaminants

Salt-free softening system

Lighter in weight than most systems

CONS:

Some users have reported leaking filters

10

AquiosFS-220 Salt Free Water Softener and Filtration System Budget Pick

Features

Grain capacity: n/a, 40,000 gallons

Flow rate: 12 GPM

Dimensions: 27 x 10 x 8 inches

Weight: 7.5 lbs

Warranty: 20 years

Extra features: designed for no pressure loss or reduction in water flow rate

OVERALL RATING: 8.6 out of 10

VIEW ON AMAZON

The idea of a water softener which is salt free can be quite appealing for many of us, and with good reason. It makes it a lot simpler and means you dont have to periodically replace salt. The AquiosFS-220 is not only salt-free and good for softening water, it also has an inbuilt filtration system which gives the added benefit of getting rid of more of the unpleasant stuff that can work its way into the water supply.

It is in our list as a budget pick and it is one of the more affordable options out there. It has no need for regeneration or creating extra waste when it comes to softening as it doesnt regenerate, this would require salt and water to be wasted.

It is a very small, compact system which can fit in almost anyones home, designed to operate anywhere between 40 and 115 degrees F. Installation is relatively simple and fits with the standard pipe size in most homes. It also comes with the bracket and the materials needed to install it in your home.

This softener has received a little bit of criticism from some sources due to the fact that the filter doesnt always last very long, and that some users have reported clogging.

PROS:

Budget option

Salt free system

Long 20-year warranty

CONS:

Not as reliable as some other options

Buying Guide

A water softener is not an everyday purchase, especially if you dont work in plumbing! For that reason, it is important to spend some time reading up on the subject, and our buying guide has been put in place to allow exactly that, showing you what you should look out for as well as why you should get a softening system in the first place. Softeners arent cheap, so it is important to make sure that when you are going to make the investment you ensure you arent wasting your money on a product which wont work or wont fit in your own home and water system.

Advantages of having a top of the range water softener system

A top of the range softener usually works by allowing water to flow through resin beads which are kept within. The softener then filters out hard elements and ions within the water leaving you with soft water which doesnt have as much of all the negative stuff you are trying to get rid of. If you live in a hard water area, this can be an especially big issue.

The benefits of having a system which can do this are surprisingly far-reaching, and can even have a money saving effect in the long run by keeping your appliances working longer. Using soft water as opposed to hard is much easier for washing machines, dishwashers and any other appliance which uses water. On top of this, it can mean better water for drinking, cooking with and even cleaning with.

Features to consider when choosing a water softener system

Water softeners dont always work in exactly the same way, and in fact they have a lot of different features. Each softener is designed to suit a different set of circumstances so whereas some will suit a couple of people traveling in an RV, others will only suit large families in a house.

As well as having different capacities and functionality, the softeners are also made out of different materials and have different levels of technology. Some have LCD displays and are programmable whereas some work in a totally manual way. Understanding the features will ensure you can make the correct choice.

Softener grain capacity

Softeners can only work for a certain time before they need to regenerate. The regeneration process depends on each individual model and what resources they use (more on this later). Grains refers to the grains of hardness within the water, and therefore the grain capacity is how many hardness grains the softener can process and soften before you need to perform the maintenance of a regeneration cycle.

Grain capacity can differ a huge amount from one model to another, and some of the portable models have a low capacity (40,000 or so) which is often fine because they arent processing loads of hard water. If you are in a large home with a lot of people using the water, a higher grain capacity such as the 300,000 on offer with the Aquasana Rhino Series can be exactly what you need to ensure you arent regenerating or adding salt all the time just to keep the softener running.

Type of media/grains used

Historically, most water softeners use salt as a part of the solution which is used to soften the water. This salt water solution can cause resin beads within to effectively grab the harder minerals and unwanted, harmful materials from the water.

Some of the systems have evolved to use different resins and this can mean you dont have to periodically add salt. These use other solutions and filters to do the same job, and these types of filters seem to be growing in popularity.

Water flow rate

When a softener system describes the flow rate, it means how many gallons of water can flow through the softener per minute (or sometimes measured in gallons per hour). The flow rate should be linked to the amount of people within your household. Think about how much water will be used within your home. For instance, if you are likely to have multiple showers running at the same time, you need a high flow rate which will ensure that your water is sufficient and has been softened when it comes through your shower head.

Operating temperature range

Many of the softener systems will have an operating temperature range which will tell you just what temperatures the softener will be effective within. If you are living in an area where it can get either very cold or very hot then this may be more of an issue for you, so ensure you get a product that wont stop working if the temperature drops. Many softeners can be installed in parts of your home that arent otherwise heated, either.

Operating pressure

A plumbing system within a home inherently has a pressure. This is measured in PSI, much like car tires and similar. The operating pressure is the level at which the water softener system can work. For instance, if the softener said it can only work at over 40 PSI and your pressure at home is 30, then it wouldnt work.

There are some simple methods out there for you to check the pressure of your pipes, but this wont often be necessary as a lot of water softening systems can work at pretty much any pressure, and the PSI from home to home shouldnt very a huge amount.

Dimensions

This is one of the more self-explanatory considerations when you are trying to choose the right water softener system. Some can be incredibly big and bulky such as the Whirlpool softener in our reviews. The key here is to make sure you have room for your softener!

There are products designed specifically to be compact, for instance the Tier1 48,000 Grain High Efficiency Digital Water Softener which we have included in our list as it is a water softener system which is great if you have low floor space, needing just 10 inches.

Weight

The weight is especially a consideration if you are going to take the DIY approach to installation.

It is quite incredible how much this can alter between products as some of the water softeners on our list are under 10 lbs, others are over 100 lbs.

Be sure to check so that you dont get a shock when the softener arrives at your front door.

Materials

Any product which is dealing with water which will eventually be either drunk, used to clean or otherwise used around the home, should only come into contact with high quality materials. Softeners are designed to improve the quality of the water, so it is utterly vital that it doesnt touch anything that could then harm this quality. This would defeat the purpose of buying a softener in the first instance!

The materials should also be hard-wearing and long-lasting. This will ensure that you get the maximum use out of the softener system. Just like poor quality materials can damage water, they can also be damaged by water, so you need to find a product which is anti-corrosive and will not be susceptible to rust or other issues from handling water.

Installation

Just like the size and weight can vary a huge amount when it comes to water softener systems, so can the installation process. Different softener systems are designed to be installed at different stages of your plumbing inlet, and some have different connecting methods such as different threads on their connections which you need to consider when you are choosing. The main consideration will probably be whether or not you plan to install the product yourself or get the help of a plumber.

Many of the products weve listed as some of the best at least have the option for you to install yourself. Weve mentioned this in the reviews to help you work out whether your ability level will allow you to install the softener without any professional help. Some of the bigger, bulkier softeners will require you to get the help of plumbers. This is especially true if you dont have a lot of DIY experience or dont feel confident in the process.

LCD display and touchpad controls

Having an LCD display is all the range on products like these, and gives the indication of it being high tech. The actual functional use of having an LCD display can be for indicating things such as low salt, or when the product is operating at a low temperature or even for showing you that a regeneration is required. These can sometimes be combined with touchpad controls which make it feel more like you are controlling a smartphone!

This is a great option for programming, which you can do for things such as telling the softener how many (or few) people are in your home, and it can sometimes adjust the settings accordingly to ensure there is less waste being produced.

Warranty

The warranty of a product like this is something which is vital to consider. Water softeners are not something you want to be replacing every year or two, and they should be able to last many years, ideally decades. For this reason, a softener system with a short warranty should send alarm bells ringing.

While some of the portable, smaller options dont necessarily have the five or ten year warranties weve come to expect from a lot of these products. If it is a cheaper, lower capacity softener then you may be happy with one or two year warranties, but dont settle for this if you are looking for a full-house water softener. At the very least, the tank should be warrantied for a long period of time.

FAQ

How long does the regeneration take?

Regeneration times vary from one model to the next and depend on the system, whether you have to add salt and the capacity of the softener. Some models can regenerate in a matter of minutes while others may take a few hours. Refer to your manual for the guide to this for each specific product.

Do I need plumbing knowledge for installation?

It is definitely true that plumbing knowledge will be a help when it comes to installing a water softener system, the products are not the most complex to install. What this means is that many can be installed in a DIY way. Manufacturers often include very detailed instructions and some even have videos that can walk you through the whole process.

Can I add any extra filters to the system?

Most softener systems have the capacity for you to add filters to them. This can further improve the quality of the water used in your home. Iron filters are a popular addition.

How do I calculate how fast my household will use up the grains?

To work this out, you must know roughly how hard your water is as well as how many gallons of water you are using. A very rough guide is to allow 75 gallons per person per day. If your water had 20 grains of hardness and there were two of you living there, youd effectively be treating 3,000 grains every day (75 gallons x 2 people x 20 grains). So, if your softener has a capacity of 45,000, you will get just over two weeks before having to regenerate.

Can I install one in a house with a well?

Most softener systems can be installed in homes which use well water. If you have a well, it is especially recommended that you utilize filters and softeners to improve the quality of the water.

Our Verdict

The ABCwaters 64K-56SXT-10BB makes our top spot in terms of the very best water softeners. With a large capacity, five year warranty and clever system meaning you wont be regenerating all the time, there is a lot to like about this softener. It isnt the only good option out there though, and weve also given high ratings to some similar products.

The Pelican Water NS3 NaturSoft comes in a close second place due to the fact that it is the best salt-free system. You dont have to worry about replacing salt, and the 99.6% effectiveness is more than enough for most people to ensure they have a far superior supply of water in their home. This even has an incredible lifetime warranty so you can rest assured that it is extremely well made!

The Pentair 5600SXT 48k Grain Water Softener is highly recommended too, and though it lacks a little in warranty, it does have a lot of other excellent features and is one of the best for installing yourself as it comes with full instructions to do so.

With so many different options all giving something a little different, it is important to take your time reading through reviews in order to ensure you get the best water softener system for your home. We hope our guide has helped this process from start to finish and walked you through the process of deciding!

The post 10 Best Water Softener Systems for Large and Small Households appeared first on WisePick.org.

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