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thegirl20 · 6 years

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Vanity ficlet

Just a little thing set around this glimpse we saw in last night’s ep.

Vanessa’s just back from doing the lunchtime feed at the surgery, heading through to the bar, when Charity appears in front of her out of the cellar door. She jumps, putting a hand over her racing heart.

“You nearly gave me a heart attack.”

"Never mind that,” Charity says. Her eyes are wide and she’s fidgety, full of nervous energy, and Vanessa’s suddenly on alert. “You have to talk to Ryan."

"Okay..." Vanessa frowns. "About what? Tell me you're not asking me to try and talk him out of seeing Dawn now? Because, Char-"

"No need. She's gone and dumped him, hasn't she?" Charity rolls her eyes, arms folded tight across her chest. "After all that flaming drama, she tells him she thinks they shouldn't see each other right now."

"But why?" Vanessa kind of agrees with Charity. If Dawn had decided this a few days ago, there would have been no need for bribes or overdoses or disownings. "I thought they were getting on really well."

Snorting out a dismissive laugh, Charity shakes her head. "Reckons she needs to get her head straight before getting involved with anyone or summat."

Vanessa rubs Charity’s upper arm, tilting her head and squinting one eye, trying to ward off a blow up. "Well, that's actually pretty sensible, don't you think?"

There’s a pause and then a sigh. "Look, truth be told I'm over the moon about it.” Charity points through to the bar. “But the poor lad's devastated. You'd think he'd just been turned down by Claudia Schiffer instead of having a lucky escape."

Vanessa wrinkles her nose. "Your references are a bit dated. Claudia Schiffer's older than the pair of us, never mind Ryan."

"Vanessa...just-” Charity throws her hands up. “Go and cheer him up, will you?"

"Okay! Fine, I'm going." Vanessa moves around Charity, smiling when hands land on her hips, propelling her into the bar. She leans back against Charity, causing just a bit of resistance.

Charity’s chin comes to rest on her shoulder. "Remember and do that thing you do, yeah?"

"What thing’s that then?"

"You know, the thing you do with me.” Charity squeezes her hips. “Being all nice and that."

"Comfort him, you mean?” Vanessa laughs. “Yeah, that's what I was planning on doing."

"I mean-" Lips brush against her ear as Charity whispers her next words. "-don't do all the things that you do to comfort me, obviously."

"Charity."

Charity pecks her cheek. "I'm joking. Go."

Vanessa heads out from behind the bar. "Bring me over a drink. On you."

She slides in beside Ryan. He rolls his eyes.

"Sent you over to babysit, has she?"

"No. She just thought you might want a bit of company, that's all." She nudges him. "Hey, from what Charity said, it doesn't sound like this is forever, you know? Sounds like Dawn wants to sort herself out so she can give the two of you a decent chance."

He looks down at his hands and shrugs. "Yeah, that or she's just letting me down easy."

"Oh, Ryan." She rubs his shoulder. "I'm sure that's not it. She seems to really like you."

"I don't want to talk about it. S’pointless."

Vanessa nods, stealing one of the chips from the bowl on the table. "So, what d’you want to talk about instead? I can do animal husbandry? Toddler care? Beginners’ knitting?” He shrugs. “Seen any good films lately?” He shakes his head. “No? How about telly programmes? Me and Charity keep trying to find something decent to watch on Netflix after the kids go to bed but we keep falling asleep during the first episode of everything we try.”

He sighs. “I don’t think we like the same shows.”

She nods, shoving another chip in her mouth. After a moment, she slides closer to him on the seat, leaning in and lowering her voice. “I could tell you stories about my terrible lovelife if you like? Make you feel a bit better about your current situation."

There’s an indignant gasp from behind her. "Uh, excuse me."

Vanessa widens her eyes at Ryan, but doesn't turn around. "Pre-Charity, of course."

"Jesus, babe, I said cheer him up, not depress the hell out of him." Charity sets a pint down in front of Vanessa, winking at Ryan. "This one's dating history was a tragedy before I came along."

"Oh, like yours was much better!" Vanessa says, tipping her head back and frowning up at Charity. “How many weddings have you had again?”

Charity wrinkles her nose at her. "Yeah, fair point. But I'm not the one offering to tell my sorry tales, am I?"

Ryan huffs out a laugh and they both look at him.

"What's funny?" Charity asks, her hand coming to rest on the back of Vanessa’s neck, thumb sweeping over the skin under her ponytail.

"Nothing." He smirks. "It's just...it's hard for me to picture the two of you with anyone else, that's all."

Vanessa laughs. "Well, that makes you the opposite of pretty much everyone else when we first got together, then."

"Really?" He shakes his head. "I can't imagine you apart."

"S'pose you've never known us when we've not been together, have you?" Charity ponders.

"Nope.”

“Well, if anything, me and Charity should give you hope.” Vanessa takes Charity’s hand from her shoulder and squeezes it. “Because if you’d seen the flamin’ bother I had trying to get this one to say we were actually having a relationship-”

“Uh, yeah, he doesn’t need to hear all the gory details, thank you,” Charity says, but she links her fingers through Vanessa’s. “I may have been slightly reluctant to commit to a relationship in the very beginning-”

“It took her eight months to leave a toothbrush at mine,” Vanessa interjects.

“Oi, I’ve made up for it since, haven’t I?” Charity rolls her eyes. “Asking you to move in, always prattling on about how much I love you.”

“Hmmmm.” Vanessa pulls Charity down by her lapel, pressing their lips together. “S’pose that’s true.” She pecks Charity’s lips again and then shifts her attention back to Ryan. “What I’m trying to say is that, if you’re patient and you let Dawn work through what she needs to, you could end up with something really wonderful.”

She feels Charity sigh against her shoulder, but she keeps her gob shut, which is a step up.

“So, the pair of you are relationship goals, yeah?” Ryan asks, clearly amused by this.

“Yes!” Vanessa nods. “Hashtag!”

Just as the word is leaving her mouth, Noah drops into the seat opposite. He closes his eyes, shaking his head.

“I don’t even want to know.”

#charity dingle #vanessa woodfield #charity x vanessa #vanity #emmerdale #fic by me #writing #vanity ficlet #fan fiction #vanity fic

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industrytrends1 · 2 years

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Why Is Wood Vinegar Used in Wastewater Treatment Plants?

Wood vinegar or wood acid or pyroligneous acid is a dark liquid, which is derived from charcoal. It is obtained by heating biomass in a closed container. The smoke generated during charcoal production is cooled into a liquid and then separated into bio-oil, tar, and wood vinegar. The dark liquid is a combination of nearly 80–90% water and over 200 organic compounds, such as acetic acid, esters, formic acid, ketones, methanol, and phenol.

Moreover, the increasing implementation of government initiatives regarding bio-based products will also ensure the large-scale adoption of wood vinegar for wastewater treatment, food, animal husbandry, wood tar, and agriculture applications. In the recent past, the agriculture sector has emerged as the largest consumer of wood vinegar due to the enormous use of bio-based fertilizers and pesticides to increase productivity. For instance, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, has launched several programs in recent times to promote the use of biomass materials and bio-based products, such as wood vinegar.

The manufacturing segment of the wood vinegar market is categorized into slow paralysis, fast and intermediate pyrolysis, and others. Under this segment, the slow pyrolysis category is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period as slow pyrolysis provides a better yield of wood vinegar, char, and other products than other manufacturing processes. In comparison to other processes, slow pyrolysis exhibits a longer vapor resistance time and slower heating rate.

In recent years, wood vinegar producers, such as TAGROW CO. LTD., Nakashima Trading Co. Ltd., Ace (Singapore) Pte Ltd., Canada Renewable Bioenergy Corporation, Byron Biochar, and Nettenergy BV, have engaged in technological advancements to develop better and improved pyrolysis kiln methods to produce char, biochar, and wood vinegar. Additionally, the advanced pyrolysis methods help enhance the production process of wood vinegar and reduce the total manufacturing process. Further, the producers are also focusing on involving poverty-ridden people in wood vinegar production processes as the material is majorly produced in villages by using local resources and feedstock.

Thus, the escalating need for treated water and surging government focus on using bio-based products will fuel the consumption of wood vinegar globally.

#business #growth #products

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charcorner · 4 months

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Welcome to Char Corner!

Hi there, fellow Char owners! My name is Astra, I use any pronouns but mostly she/they, and I raise Homo aznablii (also known as Chars) for a living! I have worked at multiple Char shelters, and own multiple Chars myself. Here's a quick intro to them!

(Plus, some tips I shared in the comments of a Strange Aeons video about clown husbandry:)

Mars

Male 0079

Age: 4

Mars is a new addition to the family. I picked him up from a Char shelter back in July. He was surrendered to the shelter after his owners couldn't take care of them. PSA: Purebred 0079s are not good starter Chars! They need constant stimulation to keep from engaging in the classic Char pastime of destroying everything in your home, along with 0079s needing to be disciplined regularly, (without force! please do not hit or yell at your char, as they will distrust you and be more likely to indiscriminately attack you. i like to use spray bottles) to actually make them listen to you. If you REALLY like 0079s but don't have any experience raising Chars, get a 0079/Quattro cross. While Mars can have an attitude sometimes and has tried to escape a few times when I let him outside for more than a few minutes, he's a really sweet Char. Fun fact: he's the same 0079 Char from the Garfield story I shared above

---

Hallie Jr.

Female Quattro/CCA mix

Age: 3

Hallie Jr. is one of the Char pups from the story I shared above. Her mother, a Quattro named Hallie, was one of the first Chars I raised, and was a general sweetheart. Sadly, last May, Hallie was diagnosed with cancer at the age of 17, and I had no choice but to end her life in a humane way. I'll never forget the day I took her home from the shelter all those years ago, and how she was so scared on the ride back home... Anyways, Hallie Jr. is chaotic. That's it. I remember when I first took Mars home and Hallie Jr. gave him a nice chomp on the shoulder. What a way to roll in the welcome wagon... She's also given me a few nips, too, and almost attacked another Char at the Char park (my pride and joy as a char owner. /s) Anyways, I always say that Quattros are the ideal starter breed of Char, due to their mostly-docile temperament. CCAs, however, need a great deal of training and socialization, which I know a lot of casual Char owners can't afford to provide. Sadly, this has led to many CCAs turning aggressive and getting the breed as a whole classified as dangerous in a lot of jurisdictions. (They're kinda like the "bully breeds" of dogs.)

---

Meteor

Male Full Frontal

Age: 27

While I normally do not condone getting Full Frontals due to the problems with the breed (see above), a friend gave me Meteor because they were moving to a place which did not allow Chars in the lease (an unfortunate truth in many places) and I couldn't say no. Even if he is getting on in the years (the average Char lifespan is 33 years), he is still one of the most amazing Chars I have ever taken care of. However, last month he started to become more lethargic and nipped me when I tried to pet him (an action he usually enjoys). I'm planning to take him to the vet soon to see what's up with him.

---

Ceres

Female mutt (with 0079 and CCA features)

Age: 1½ years

Last but not least, Ceres was a stray Char pup who was rejected by her mother. I found her in my front lawn in critical condition and I just had to take her in because I couldn't let a newborn Char die like that, and bottle-fed her and nursed her back to health. She's currently in her "teen phase" (Chars fully mature at 2 years old) and is starting to test her boundaries. She often gets zoomies and even scratched Hallie Jr. once (she's probably learned her lesson now). However, she's still as sweet as the day I took her in!

Random Char facts and tips:

Chars only started being imported to the western world in the past 25 years. Before that, they were popular pets in Japan and other East Asian countries, hitting their stride in the late seventies, although a small portion of Chars were imported to Italy around the early eighties in the hopes of starting a fad, although they never caught on back then.

CHARS AND CLOWNS DO NOT GO TOGETHER!! I've seen so many Chars get surrendered to shelters because they attacked or even killed clowns, one of their NATURAL PREY SOURCES. Come on.

Chars are facultative carnivores. In the wild, they prey on not only clowns, but also deer and other large herbivores. But domesticated Chars will still be as happy eating small animals such as live mice as they would chasing down a deer in the wild.

Please do not keep attack/guard Chars, especially CCAs. The training to turn them into one cannot be done in a way that does not involve abuse. Please get a functioning security system.

You may have noticed that Chars are horny AF. It's a survival strategy: Chars mate with anything and everything as wild mother Chars have a tendency to reject or even eat their offspring. Thankfully for Char breeders, domesticated Chars have had this behavior almost entirely bred out of them.

Chars are pregnant for 6 months and usually give birth to a litter of 4-9 Char pups.

Anyways, good luck in your own Char breeding and owning adventures!

~ Astra

#tw unreality #cw unreality #char husbandry #char raising #char breeding #char owning #char caring #mobile suit gundam #char aznable #charposting

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adventuredelight · 3 years

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Leh Ladakh tour and travel company

Pangi Valley It's a retired vale of Himanchal Pradesh and is unique in its unspoiled natural beauty and splendor. The sights are inspiring and striking. Nature has handed it with thick timber, aqueducts, falls, snow- limited mountains, virgin glaciers, snow coverts, colorful verdures and faunas, grassy pitches of high mountains, and gutters flowing in deep hand. It has got commodity for everyone. The people are hard-working, God- stewing, and helpful by nature, and they indulge in husbandry practices close to their hearts. Multitudinous aqueducts of melting glaciers give pure water, and the presence of fresh air enables townies to follow organic ways learned from generation to generation, free of any chemicals. This journey is a natural paradise for ornithologists, botanists, pedestrians, and rovers.

Sacch Pass It's one of the loftiest mountain Passes of India, with a height of 4414 measures from ocean position. It's a connection for Chamba Valley to Pangi Valley in the Pir Panjal range of mountains.

We'll start beforehand from Bairagarh to Killar. First, it'll be the sight of an cornucopia of Pine Tree timber, and while thrusting towards Sacch Pass, it'll give way to snow- covered mountains and multitudinous falls. The Misty mountain road provides an unmatched exhilaration. The fifteen bases high snow walls on both sides of the road give the print of a snow lair. The diversity of flowers with pictorial colors and the witching sight of floating shadows feel so surreal.

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#Leh Ladakh tour and travel company

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cripplepunk-sylveon · 3 years

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Why would you need to feel guilty if you don't eat animals? i'm confused 😮 wouldn't it be a good thing if possible? I mean, since growing food for livestock is destroying the rainforest and isn't adopting a plant based diet one of the biggest things an individual can do to combat climate change?

As gently as I can manage: no, it's not that simple, and a plant-based diet as most folks think of it is not inherently better for the environment. Nothing any group of individuals from the general public can do will counteract the damage being done by big corporations.

tl;dr: A PBD is not inherently better for the environment, it highly depends on where you live and what you can/should buy, and many folks don't understand nor want to understand that. The history of food is a history of colonialism and violence and we need to address that, especially when it comes to veganism in North America and the importing of non-native foods to support it.

Full essay under the cut that I never meant to write but it sure did happen

Is it possible to go on a plant-based diet (a PBD, for future use of the term, because it will be popping up plenty here) within a localized area because it's more affordable/better for you/better for your environment? Yes. But it takes work to do so. As in, research, a willingness to buy and grow local, and an acute awareness of what the invasive species of your region are.

The unfortunate truth is that many people are unwilling or flat-out incapable of doing said research and work. They just want quick and easy access to plant-based food because they've heard somewhere that it's better and more humane than raising animals for meat/dairy/eggs. This is only possible because we live on colonized land, where we've created a massive distance between us and the origins of what we eat- and brought in non-native animal and plant species to reproduce what our colonizers eat, regardless of the impact on the land and the people. In fact, this was done very much on purpose. Native people reliant on colonial food systems are less likely to cause a ruckus, because they can just be starved out.

For an example, let's look at the Canadian North. The Inuit have hunted whales, seals, caribou, polar bear, and arctic char during the cold months in a sustainable fashion for thousands of years. Inuk people will hunt a single whale and feed their family for a year- never mind the uses for whale oil, baleen, and whale hide. They would use every part of the whale that they could find a use for, nothing was wasted. Nowadays, though... their traditional foods are called "barbaric" and "cruel", and hunting traditionally is frowned upon, while we ship fruit and vegetables that cannot be grown in permafrosted soil up to them and charge them as consumers for the cost to us. Here's a video from 2013 talking about the issue. From 2013! It's still happening now!! I would never recommend a PBD to someone living in such a situation because of both the expense and the destruction of the traditional hunting culture of the Inuit.

Before anyone tries to say I'm shitting on folks who can't eat meat- I'm really not. I get it, the lone star tick is an asshole of epic proportions, and allergies are a fuck you from the universe- I myself can't eat eggs! And they are in EVERYTHING! If we can accommodate allergies and dietary restrictions we absolutely should. I like to think there's a particularly shitty corner of the universe for people who think allergies are a joke or just someone being picky. But those are not choices. Those are required restrictions to keep the person alive and healthy.

Going vegan to "go green", on the other hand, is 100% a personal choice. Unfortunately it's also one frequently shaped by misinformation and propaganda. Vegans never really consider where their food comes from, and because the vast majority of them are city-dwellers who have access to a grocery store, they don't feel like they need to. It's not affecting them personally, so they don't care.

They should though. Many of the plants they rely on for food cause massive ecological damage, way more than growing feed for cattle, chickens, or pigs. Quinoa is farmed using child labour, and the sharp spike in price as white diners demand it- combined with the fact it's a thirsty crop that uses a lot of water that the locals also used as drinking water- kind of destroys any good it's doing by being a "superfood" (It was not a staple crop, however, and has done a little bit of good. Emphasis on a LITTLE BIT). Avocado is facing a similar situation- it was a staple food for the people growing it, now they can't afford it and they're resorting to inhumane measures to grow enough of it to meet white settler demand. (Also, if they fail to pay their cartel fees, they're very likely to have their farm burnt to the ground or worse. El Narco has their fingers in EVERYTHING, even in fruit production.) Cashews are mainly grown and processed in India, where workers suffer low pay and sweatshop conditions and caustic burns to ensure we have them to snack on. Soy products were once the main destructive force facing the Amazon rainforest, and now it's threatening the Cerrado and the millions of species that call the region home while filling local water supplies with silt and grime. There's also hundreds of reports detailing the slavery afoot at soy plantations, AND it's causing topsoil to erode faster.

No, meat and dairy as industries are not without fault. I never claimed they were. It's not hard to find things wrong with beef and dairy, and you can thank militant preachy vegans for that. You can also thank them for those horrifying ads everyone with a certain app spent their first two weeks blocking and reporting with a fervor like no other to make sure they stopped seeing them. (Or, maybe that was just me, idk what tiktok's deal is with giving me PETA and vegan propaganda videos but I'd like it to stop.) HOWEVER. The actual people producing my food, working the land to raise animals for meat and whatnot? They know what they're doing. Many of them have been studying husbandry and animal welfare since they were in middle school at the latest. I trust them to provide a good quality of life for a cow, chicken, pig, or bison that will end up on my plate one day.

Besides, they don't see me eating jerky instead of something I'm deathly allergic to and tell me a horror story about how the cow who provided it was flayed alive (yes, this has happened, more than once- it wasn't even beef jerky, it was bison from a local ranch). They just let me snack in peace and we go about both our days.

#veganism tw

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dfrobots-blog · 5 years

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Smart Terrarium

Automated environment for reptiles to promote good husbandry and enable maximum lifespan for animals in captivity.

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B×1

Arduino MKR1000 ×1

Arduino UNO & Genuino UNO ×1

DHT22 Temperature Sensor×1

Adafruit Waterproof DS18B20 Digital temperature sensor ×1

DFRobot Gravity: Analog UV Sensor (ML8511)×1

DFRobot Gravity: Analog Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor- Corrosion Resistant×1

Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04 (Generic) ×2Seeed Grove - 2-Channel SPDT Relay ×1

Hand tools and fabrication machines

3D Printer (generic)

Story

Intro

Smart Terrarium is the all in one system that provides the necessary information and automation to encourage a full and happy life for your reptiles. This system provides the user with the ability to monitor a variety of sensors in their animals habitat as well as control the lighting and misting system.

Backstory

This system was designed for my chameleon, Curie. She is a veiled chameleon and loves having her cage always kept in the optimal conditions. She is currently benefiting from the daily scheduled misting routines that the Smart Terrarium provides. This keeps her humidity in the appropriate range while also providing her with a nice place to cool off and get a drink.Another great part of having the Smart Terrarium is peace of mind. You no longer need to randomly check on the status of the mister bucket water level. You can always rely on the Smart Terrarium to notify you when you are running low. Also get notifications when the drain bucket is approaching maximum capacity.The most important part of this setup is the monitoring of the UV light. Chameleons require UV-B to produce Vitamin D. When a chameleon does not absorb enough calcium a chameleon can develop abnormalities in bone growth, rachitis, Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) or just get very weak bones that are prone to breaking. The Smart Terrarium provides constant monitoring of UV light and can notify the user when the average UV index is below a certain threshold.

Hardware

This project uses a Raspberry Pi 3, an Arduino Uno, and a ArduinoMKR1000. The Raspberry Pi acts as our main system receiving readings from the Uno and MKR1000. The Pi also acts as a web server which delivers our app to the client when a user wants to monitor their system. They simply log in to a web page allowing them to interact with the Smart Terrarium from anywhere around the globe.

Raspberry Pi 3 A+

The MKR1000 is the main workhorse for getting sensor data and it sends its readings every second over wifi to the web server running on the Raspberry Pi. It has the following sensors connected to it:

(5) DS18B20 Digital Tempearture probes

(1) DHT22 Temperature & Humidity sensor

(1) UV sensor

(1)Soil Moisture sensor

Arduino MKR1000

The Arduino Uno is connected to the

Raspberry Pi via USB. It is used to monitor the water levels and also control the relays for the lights and misting pump. It has the following hardware connected:(2) HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

(2) Relays

Arduino Uno connected to 2 proximity sensors and 2 relays

Misting Bucket, Misting Pump, Drain Bucket with Proximity Sensor

Software

This system leverages the following open source software:Node.jsJohnny-fiveRethinkDBFirmataVue

Backend

The Raspberry Piis running an Express web server which collects readings from the sensors and saves them to a RethinkDB instance. The readings are being reported to the Pi every second so the user has access to the most current measurements.

The readings are saved every 5 minutes in Rethink DB for historical data.The Uno is running the PingFirmataSketch and using serial to expose the proximity sensors and relays to the Pi using Firmata protocol. The Pi leverages Johnny-five to allow the user to program in javascript.The MKR1000 is running a custom sketch using OneWire for the 5 temperature probes and then using analog inputs for the other sensors.

It posts the values to the Pi every second making sure the readings the user sees are fresh.

Frontend

The Raspberry Pi also serves up the front end portion of this app which leverages Vue.js. It allows the user to log in from anywhere having complete control over their pet's environment. The app works on any modern web browser so you can access it from a computer, tablet, or phone.The Smart Terrarium app allows the user to view the latests readings along with a sparkline graph of the previous day's historical data.The user can click through on any of the sensors

to view their history data.

The Measurements page shows a graph with the entire sensor history. The user can select a section of the bottom graph to display a zoomed in version in the graph above. This allows the user to inspect the historic data for any spikes or dips where the environment is out of the norm.The user has the ability to schedule events including lighting and misting events.

The Event page displays the currently scheduled events and allows the user to add, edit, and delete events. These events are used to automate the lighting and misting sessions which provides peace making sure you never forget.

The Controls page allows the user to manually override the scheduled lighting and misting events. The page displays the current status of each relay and allows the user to toggle them with a click of a button.The Admin page allow the user to enter information about themselves for contact purposes. This is for the email notifications on high/low water levels on misting system as well as notifications for when the daily average UV index gets too low. There is also a spot for the animals birthday so we can provide birthday notifications.

Screenshots

Home Page

Historical Measurements

Historical Measurements (zoomed)>

Historical Measurements

Historical Measurements (zoomed)

Historical Measurements

Events page for lighting and misting events.

Schedule Lighting and Misting Events

Controls page where the user can override the scheduled events.

Misting and Lighting Overrides

Demo

Here is a demo of the overall system.

youtube

Demo of The Smart Terrarium

We hope you enjoyed our presentation of the Smart Terrarium and encourage any reptile owners to use this project to improve the lives of your pets.Thanks for your time and happy making!

Custom parts and enclosures

Plant Holder Brace

This provides extra support to the cage for hanging a plant.

Download Here

Mister Mount

This provides a nice clean installation of the misting head for the misting system.

Download Here

Schematics

Arduino Uno diagram

The Arduino Uno circuit used to control both relays for the lighting and misting system, as well as monitor the water levels on the misting bucket and drain.

Arduino MKR1000

This is really for the MKR1000 but tinkercad circuits didn't have it as a component. All pins are still correct.

Code

Ping Firmata

C#This is the version of firmata required for the

Proximity sensors

to function properly. Install this sketch on the Arduino Uno.

/* * Firmata is a generic protocol for communicating with microcontrollers * from software on a host computer. It is intended to work with * any host computer software package. * * To download a host software package, please clink on the following link * to open the download page in your default browser. * * http://firmata.org/wiki/Download */ /* Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Hans-Christoph Steiner. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Paul Stoffregen. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2009 Shigeru Kobayashi. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Jeff Hoefs. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2012 Julian Gaultier. All rights reserved. Copyright (C) 2015 Rick Waldron. All rights reserved. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. */ #include <Servo.h> #include <Wire.h> #include <Firmata.h> #define I2C_WRITE B00000000 #define I2C_READ B00001000 #define I2C_READ_CONTINUOUSLY B00010000 #define I2C_STOP_READING B00011000 #define I2C_READ_WRITE_MODE_MASK B00011000 #define I2C_10BIT_ADDRESS_MODE_MASK B00100000 #define MAX_QUERIES 8 #define MINIMUM_SAMPLING_INTERVAL 10 #define REGISTER_NOT_SPECIFIED -1 #define PING_READ 0x75 // PING_READ is for use with HCSR04 and similar "ultrasonic ping" components /*============================================================================== * GLOBAL VARIABLES *============================================================================*/ // analog inputs int analogInputsToReport = 0; // bitwise array to store pin reporting // digital input ports byte reportPINs[TOTAL_PORTS]; // 1 = report this port, 0 = silence byte previousPINs[TOTAL_PORTS]; // previous 8 bits sent // pins configuration byte pinConfig[TOTAL_PINS]; // configuration of every pin byte portConfigInputs[TOTAL_PORTS]; // each bit: 1 = pin in INPUT, 0 = anything else int pinState[TOTAL_PINS]; // any value that has been written // timer variables unsigned long currentMillis; // store the current value from millis() unsigned long previousMillis; // for comparison with currentMillis int samplingInterval = 19; // how often to run the main loop (in ms) // i2c data struct i2c_device_info { byte addr; byte reg; byte bytes; }; // for i2c read continuous more i2c_device_info query[MAX_QUERIES]; byte i2cRxData[32]; boolean isI2CEnabled = false; signed char queryIndex = -1; // default delay time between i2c read request and Wire.requestFrom() unsigned int i2cReadDelayTime = 0; Servo servos[MAX_SERVOS]; /*============================================================================== * FUNCTIONS *============================================================================*/ void readAndReportData(byte address, int theRegister, byte numBytes) { // allow I2C requests that don't require a register read // for example, some devices using an interrupt pin to signify new data available // do not always require the register read so upon interrupt you call Wire.requestFrom() if (theRegister != REGISTER_NOT_SPECIFIED) { Wire.beginTransmission(address); Wire.write((byte)theRegister); Wire.endTransmission(); delayMicroseconds(i2cReadDelayTime); // delay is necessary for some devices such as WiiNunchuck } else { theRegister = 0; // fill the register with a dummy value } Wire.requestFrom(address, numBytes); // all bytes are returned in requestFrom // check to be sure correct number of bytes were returned by slave if (numBytes == Wire.available()) { i2cRxData[0] = address; i2cRxData[1] = theRegister; for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) { i2cRxData[2 + i] = Wire.read(); } } else { if (numBytes > Wire.available()) { Firmata.sendString("I2C Read Error: Too many bytes received"); } else { Firmata.sendString("I2C Read Error: Too few bytes received"); } } // send slave address, register and received bytes Firmata.sendSysex(SYSEX_I2C_REPLY, numBytes + 2, i2cRxData); } void outputPort(byte portNumber, byte portValue, byte forceSend) { // pins not configured as INPUT are cleared to zeros portValue = portValue & portConfigInputs[portNumber]; // only send if the value is different than previously sent if (forceSend || previousPINs[portNumber] != portValue) { Firmata.sendDigitalPort(portNumber, portValue); previousPINs[portNumber] = portValue; } } /* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- * check all the active digital inputs for change of state, then add any events * to the Serial output queue using Serial.print() */ void checkDigitalInputs(void) { /* Using non-looping code allows constants to be given to readPort(). * The compiler will apply substantial optimizations if the inputs * to readPort() are compile-time constants. */ if (TOTAL_PORTS > 0 && reportPINs[0]) outputPort(0, readPort(0, portConfigInputs[0]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 1 && reportPINs[1]) outputPort(1, readPort(1, portConfigInputs[1]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 2 && reportPINs[2]) outputPort(2, readPort(2, portConfigInputs[2]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 3 && reportPINs[3]) outputPort(3, readPort(3, portConfigInputs[3]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 4 && reportPINs[4]) outputPort(4, readPort(4, portConfigInputs[4]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 5 && reportPINs[5]) outputPort(5, readPort(5, portConfigInputs[5]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 6 && reportPINs[6]) outputPort(6, readPort(6, portConfigInputs[6]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 7 && reportPINs[7]) outputPort(7, readPort(7, portConfigInputs[7]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 8 && reportPINs[8]) outputPort(8, readPort(8, portConfigInputs[8]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 9 && reportPINs[9]) outputPort(9, readPort(9, portConfigInputs[9]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 10 && reportPINs[10]) outputPort(10, readPort(10, portConfigInputs[10]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 11 && reportPINs[11]) outputPort(11, readPort(11, portConfigInputs[11]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 12 && reportPINs[12]) outputPort(12, readPort(12, portConfigInputs[12]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 13 && reportPINs[13]) outputPort(13, readPort(13, portConfigInputs[13]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 14 && reportPINs[14]) outputPort(14, readPort(14, portConfigInputs[14]), false); if (TOTAL_PORTS > 15 && reportPINs[15]) outputPort(15, readPort(15, portConfigInputs[15]), false); } // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- /* sets the pin mode to the correct state and sets the relevant bits in the * two bit-arrays that track Digital I/O and PWM status */ void setPinModeCallback(byte pin, int mode) { if (pinConfig[pin] == I2C && isI2CEnabled && mode != I2C) { // disable i2c so pins can be used for other functions // the following if statements should reconfigure the pins properly disableI2CPins(); } if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin) && mode != SERVO && servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attached()) { servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].detach(); } if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin)) { reportAnalogCallback(PIN_TO_ANALOG(pin), mode == ANALOG ? 1 : 0); // turn on/off reporting } if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) { if (mode == INPUT) { portConfigInputs[pin / 8] |= (1 << (pin & 7)); } else { portConfigInputs[pin / 8] &= ~(1 << (pin & 7)); } } pinState[pin] = 0; switch (mode) { case ANALOG: if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin)) { if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) { pinMode(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), INPUT); // disable output driver digitalWrite(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), LOW); // disable internal pull-ups } pinConfig[pin] = ANALOG; } break; case INPUT: if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) { pinMode(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), INPUT); // disable output driver digitalWrite(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), LOW); // disable internal pull-ups pinConfig[pin] = INPUT; } break; case OUTPUT: if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) { digitalWrite(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), LOW); // disable PWM pinMode(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), OUTPUT); pinConfig[pin] = OUTPUT; } break; case PWM: if (IS_PIN_PWM(pin)) { pinMode(PIN_TO_PWM(pin), OUTPUT); analogWrite(PIN_TO_PWM(pin), 0); pinConfig[pin] = PWM; } break; case SERVO: if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin)) { pinConfig[pin] = SERVO; if (!servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attached()) { servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attach(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin)); } } break; case I2C: if (IS_PIN_I2C(pin)) { // mark the pin as i2c // the user must call I2C_CONFIG to enable I2C for a device pinConfig[pin] = I2C; } break; default: Firmata.sendString("Unknown pin mode"); // TODO: put error msgs in EEPROM } // TODO: save status to EEPROM here, if changed } void analogWriteCallback(byte pin, int value) { if (pin < TOTAL_PINS) { switch (pinConfig[pin]) { case SERVO: if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin)) servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].write(value); pinState[pin] = value; break; case PWM: if (IS_PIN_PWM(pin)) analogWrite(PIN_TO_PWM(pin), value); pinState[pin] = value; break; } } } void digitalWriteCallback(byte port, int value) { byte pin, lastPin, mask = 1, pinWriteMask = 0; if (port < TOTAL_PORTS) { // create a mask of the pins on this port that are writable. lastPin = port * 8 + 8; if (lastPin > TOTAL_PINS) lastPin = TOTAL_PINS; for (pin = port * 8; pin < lastPin; pin++) { // do not disturb non-digital pins (eg, Rx & Tx) if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) { // only write to OUTPUT and INPUT (enables pullup) // do not touch pins in PWM, ANALOG, SERVO or other modes if (pinConfig[pin] == OUTPUT || pinConfig[pin] == INPUT) { pinWriteMask |= mask; pinState[pin] = ((byte)value & mask) ? 1 : 0; } } mask = mask << 1; } writePort(port, (byte)value, pinWriteMask); } } // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- /* sets bits in a bit array (int) to toggle the reporting of the analogIns */ //void FirmataClass::setAnalogPinReporting(byte pin, byte state) { //} void reportAnalogCallback(byte analogPin, int value) { if (analogPin < TOTAL_ANALOG_PINS) { if (value == 0) { analogInputsToReport = analogInputsToReport & ~(1 << analogPin); } else { analogInputsToReport = analogInputsToReport | (1 << analogPin); } } // TODO: save status to EEPROM here, if changed } void reportDigitalCallback(byte port, int value) { if (port < TOTAL_PORTS) { reportPINs[port] = (byte)value; } // do not disable analog reporting on these 8 pins, to allow some // pins used for digital, others analog. Instead, allow both types // of reporting to be enabled, but check if the pin is configured // as analog when sampling the analog inputs. Likewise, while // scanning digital pins, portConfigInputs will mask off values from any // pins configured as analog } /*============================================================================== * SYSEX-BASED commands *============================================================================*/ void sysexCallback(byte command, byte argc, byte *argv) { byte mode; byte slaveAddress; byte slaveRegister; byte data; unsigned int delayTime; switch (command) { case I2C_REQUEST: mode = argv[1] & I2C_READ_WRITE_MODE_MASK; if (argv[1] & I2C_10BIT_ADDRESS_MODE_MASK) { Firmata.sendString("10-bit addressing not supported"); return; } else { slaveAddress = argv[0]; } switch (mode) { case I2C_WRITE: Wire.beginTransmission(slaveAddress); for (byte i = 2; i < argc; i += 2) { data = argv[i] + (argv[i + 1] << 7); Wire.write((byte)data); } Wire.endTransmission(); delayMicroseconds(70); break; case I2C_READ: case I2C_READ_CONTINUOUSLY: if (argc == 6) { // a slave register is specified slaveRegister = argv[2] + (argv[3] << 7); data = argv[4] + (argv[5] << 7); // bytes to read } else { // a slave register is NOT specified slaveRegister = (int)REGISTER_NOT_SPECIFIED; data = argv[2] + (argv[3] << 7); // bytes to read } if (mode == I2C_READ) { readAndReportData(slaveAddress, slaveRegister, data); } else { if ((queryIndex + 1) >= MAX_QUERIES) { Firmata.sendString("too many queries"); break; } queryIndex++; query[queryIndex].addr = slaveAddress; query[queryIndex].reg = slaveRegister; query[queryIndex].bytes = data; } break; case I2C_STOP_READING: byte queryIndexToSkip; // if read continuous mode is enabled for only 1 i2c device, disable // read continuous reporting for that device if (queryIndex <= 0) { queryIndex = -1; } else { // if read continuous mode is enabled for multiple devices, // determine which device to stop reading and remove it's data from // the array, shifiting other array data to fill the space for (byte i = 0; i < queryIndex + 1; i++) { if (query[i].addr == slaveAddress) { queryIndexToSkip = i; break; } } for (byte i = queryIndexToSkip; i < queryIndex + 1; i++) { if (i < MAX_QUERIES) { query[i].addr = query[i + 1].addr; query[i].reg = query[i + 1].reg; query[i].bytes = query[i + 1].bytes; } } queryIndex--; } break; default: break; } break; case I2C_CONFIG: delayTime = (argv[0] + (argv[1] << 7)); if (delayTime > 0) { i2cReadDelayTime = delayTime; } if (!isI2CEnabled) { enableI2CPins(); } break; case SERVO_CONFIG: if (argc > 4) { // these vars are here for clarity, they'll optimized away by the compiler byte pin = argv[0]; int minPulse = argv[1] + (argv[2] << 7); int maxPulse = argv[3] + (argv[4] << 7); if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin)) { if (servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attached()) { servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].detach(); } servos[PIN_TO_SERVO(pin)].attach(PIN_TO_DIGITAL(pin), minPulse, maxPulse); setPinModeCallback(pin, SERVO); } } break; case SAMPLING_INTERVAL: if (argc > 1) { samplingInterval = argv[0] + (argv[1] << 7); if (samplingInterval < MINIMUM_SAMPLING_INTERVAL) { samplingInterval = MINIMUM_SAMPLING_INTERVAL; } } else { //Firmata.sendString("Not enough data"); } break; case EXTENDED_ANALOG: if (argc > 1) { int val = argv[1]; if (argc > 2) { val |= (argv[2] << 7); } if (argc > 3) { val |= (argv[3] << 14); } analogWriteCallback(argv[0], val); } break; case CAPABILITY_QUERY: Serial.write(START_SYSEX); Serial.write(CAPABILITY_RESPONSE); for (byte pin = 0; pin < TOTAL_PINS; pin++) { if (IS_PIN_DIGITAL(pin)) { Serial.write((byte)INPUT); Serial.write(1); Serial.write((byte)OUTPUT); Serial.write(1); Serial.write((byte)PING_READ); Serial.write(1); } if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin)) { Serial.write(ANALOG); Serial.write(10); } if (IS_PIN_PWM(pin)) { Serial.write(PWM); Serial.write(8); } if (IS_PIN_SERVO(pin)) { Serial.write(SERVO); Serial.write(14); } if (IS_PIN_I2C(pin)) { Serial.write(I2C); Serial.write(1); // to do: determine appropriate value } Serial.write(127); } Serial.write(END_SYSEX); break; case PIN_STATE_QUERY: if (argc > 0) { byte pin = argv[0]; Serial.write(START_SYSEX); Serial.write(PIN_STATE_RESPONSE); Serial.write(pin); if (pin < TOTAL_PINS) { Serial.write((byte)pinConfig[pin]); Serial.write((byte)pinState[pin] & 0x7F); if (pinState[pin] & 0xFF80) { Serial.write((byte)(pinState[pin] >> 7) & 0x7F); } if (pinState[pin] & 0xC000) { Serial.write((byte)(pinState[pin] >> 14) & 0x7F); } } Serial.write(END_SYSEX); } break; case ANALOG_MAPPING_QUERY: Serial.write(START_SYSEX); Serial.write(ANALOG_MAPPING_RESPONSE); for (byte pin = 0; pin < TOTAL_PINS; pin++) { Serial.write(IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin) ? PIN_TO_ANALOG(pin) : 127); } Serial.write(END_SYSEX); break; case PING_READ: { byte pulseDurationArray[4] = { (argv[2] & 0x7F) | ((argv[3] & 0x7F) << 7), (argv[4] & 0x7F) | ((argv[5] & 0x7F) << 7), (argv[6] & 0x7F) | ((argv[7] & 0x7F) << 7), (argv[8] & 0x7F) | ((argv[9] & 0x7F) << 7)}; unsigned long pulseDuration = ((unsigned long)pulseDurationArray[0] << 24) + ((unsigned long)pulseDurationArray[1] << 16) + ((unsigned long)pulseDurationArray[2] << 8) + ((unsigned long)pulseDurationArray[3]); if (argv[1] == HIGH) { pinMode(argv[0], OUTPUT); digitalWrite(argv[0], LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(argv[0], HIGH); delayMicroseconds(pulseDuration); digitalWrite(argv[0], LOW); } else { digitalWrite(argv[0], HIGH); delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(argv[0], LOW); delayMicroseconds(pulseDuration); digitalWrite(argv[0], HIGH); } unsigned long duration; byte responseArray[5]; byte timeoutArray[4] = { (argv[10] & 0x7F) | ((argv[11] & 0x7F) << 7), (argv[12] & 0x7F) | ((argv[13] & 0x7F) << 7), (argv[14] & 0x7F) | ((argv[15] & 0x7F) << 7), (argv[16] & 0x7F) | ((argv[17] & 0x7F) << 7)}; unsigned long timeout = ((unsigned long)timeoutArray[0] << 24) + ((unsigned long)timeoutArray[1] << 16) + ((unsigned long)timeoutArray[2] << 8) + ((unsigned long)timeoutArray[3]); pinMode(argv[0], INPUT); duration = pulseIn(argv[0], argv[1], timeout); responseArray[0] = argv[0]; responseArray[1] = (((unsigned long)duration >> 24) & 0xFF); responseArray[2] = (((unsigned long)duration >> 16) & 0xFF); responseArray[3] = (((unsigned long)duration >> 8) & 0xFF); responseArray[4] = (((unsigned long)duration & 0xFF)); Firmata.sendSysex(PING_READ, 5, responseArray); break; } } } void enableI2CPins() { for (byte i = 0; i < TOTAL_PINS; i++) { if (IS_PIN_I2C(i)) { // mark pins as i2c so they are ignore in non i2c data requests setPinModeCallback(i, I2C); } } isI2CEnabled = true; // is there enough time before the first I2C request to call this here? Wire.begin(); } void disableI2CPins() { isI2CEnabled = false; queryIndex = -1; } void systemResetCallback() { if (isI2CEnabled) { disableI2CPins(); } for (byte i = 0; i < TOTAL_PORTS; i++) { reportPINs[i] = false; // by default, reporting off portConfigInputs[i] = 0; // until activated previousPINs[i] = 0; } // pins with analog capability default to analog input // otherwise, pins default to digital output for (byte i = 0; i < TOTAL_PINS; i++) { if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(i)) { // turns off pullup, configures everything setPinModeCallback(i, ANALOG); } else { // sets the output to 0, configures portConfigInputs setPinModeCallback(i, OUTPUT); } } // by default, do not report any analog inputs analogInputsToReport = 0; } void setup() { Firmata.setFirmwareVersion(FIRMATA_MAJOR_VERSION, FIRMATA_MINOR_VERSION); Firmata.attach(ANALOG_MESSAGE, analogWriteCallback); Firmata.attach(DIGITAL_MESSAGE, digitalWriteCallback); Firmata.attach(REPORT_ANALOG, reportAnalogCallback); Firmata.attach(REPORT_DIGITAL, reportDigitalCallback); Firmata.attach(SET_PIN_MODE, setPinModeCallback); Firmata.attach(START_SYSEX, sysexCallback); Firmata.attach(SYSTEM_RESET, systemResetCallback); Firmata.begin(57600); systemResetCallback(); // reset to default config } void loop() { byte pin, analogPin; /* DIGITALREAD - as fast as possible, check for changes and output them to the * FTDI buffer using Serial.print() */ checkDigitalInputs(); /* SERIALREAD - processing incoming messagse as soon as possible, while still * checking digital inputs. */ while (Firmata.available()) { Firmata.processInput(); } /* SEND FTDI WRITE BUFFER - make sure that the FTDI buffer doesn't go over * 60 bytes. use a timer to sending an event character every 4 ms to * trigger the buffer to dump. */ currentMillis = millis(); if (currentMillis - previousMillis > samplingInterval) { previousMillis += samplingInterval; /* ANALOGREAD - do all analogReads() at the configured sampling interval */ for (pin = 0; pin < TOTAL_PINS; pin++) { if (IS_PIN_ANALOG(pin) && pinConfig[pin] == ANALOG) { analogPin = PIN_TO_ANALOG(pin); if (analogInputsToReport & (1 << analogPin)) { Firmata.sendAnalog(analogPin, analogRead(analogPin)); } } } // report i2c data for all device with read continuous mode enabled if (queryIndex > -1) { for (byte i = 0; i < queryIndex + 1; i++) { readAndReportData(query[i].addr, query[i].reg, query[i].bytes); } } } }

MKR1000 Sketch

C#This sketch sends the majority of sensor readings to the app running on the Raspberry Pi. Make sure to update the Wifi SSID and Password before uploading.

#include <OneWire.h> #include <DallasTemperature.h> #include <ArduinoHttpClient.h> #include <WiFi101.h> #include <SimpleDHT.h> // Using Pin 5 of MKR1000 #define ONE_WIRE_BUS_PIN 5 // TODO: Move out ot separate file #define SECRET_SSID "SECRET_SSID" #define SECRET_PASS "SECRET_PASS" #define RIG_NAME "Gill" char ssid[] = SECRET_SSID; char pass[] = SECRET_PASS; // Setup a oneWire instance for temperature probes OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS_PIN); // Pass our oneWire reference to Dallas Temperature. DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire); // probe_a: "28 FF 2F 9C B0 16 3 34" // probe_b: "28 FF 36 1E B1 16 4 4D" // probe_c: "28 FF 27 1E B1 16 4 FC" // probe_d: "28 FF 6A 74 B0 16 5 87" // probe_e: "28 FF E B5 B0 16 3 E2" // Define device addresses for each probe DeviceAddress Probe01 = {0x28, 0xFF, 0x2F, 0x9C, 0xB0, 0x16, 0x03, 0x34}; DeviceAddress Probe02 = {0x28, 0xFF, 0x36, 0x1E, 0xB1, 0x16, 0x04, 0x4D}; DeviceAddress Probe03 = {0x28, 0xFF, 0x27, 0x1E, 0xB1, 0x16, 0x04, 0xFC}; DeviceAddress Probe04 = {0x28, 0xFF, 0x6A, 0x74, 0xB0, 0x16, 0x05, 0x87}; DeviceAddress Probe05 = {0x28, 0xFF, 0x0E, 0xB5, 0xB0, 0x16, 0x03, 0xE2}; int uvSensor = A1; int uvIndex = 0; int pinDHT22 = A2; SimpleDHT22 dht22(pinDHT22); int soilSensor = A3; int soilMoisture = 0; char serverAddress[] = "192.168.86.127"; // raspberry pi address int port = 3030; WiFiClient wifi; HttpClient client = HttpClient(wifi, serverAddress, port); int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS; String response; int statusCode = 0; void setup() { // start serial port to show results Serial.begin(9600); delay(3000); pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); while (status != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print("Attempting to connect to Network named: "); Serial.println(ssid); // print the network name (SSID); // Connect to WPA/WPA2 network: status = WiFi.begin(ssid, pass); } // print the SSID of the network you're attached to: Serial.print("SSID: "); Serial.println(WiFi.SSID()); // print your WiFi shield's IP address: IPAddress ip = WiFi.localIP(); Serial.print("IP Address: "); Serial.println(ip); Serial.print("Initializing Temperature Control Library Version "); Serial.println(DALLASTEMPLIBVERSION); // Initialize the Temperature measurement library sensors.begin(); // set the resolution to 10 bit (Can be 9 to 12 bits .. lower is faster) sensors.setResolution(Probe01, 9); sensors.setResolution(Probe02, 9); sensors.setResolution(Probe03, 9); sensors.setResolution(Probe04, 9); sensors.setResolution(Probe05, 9); } void loop() /****** LOOP: RUNS CONSTANTLY ******/ { Serial.println(); Serial.print("Total Probes: "); Serial.println(sensors.getDeviceCount()); // Command all devices on bus to read temperature sensors.requestTemperatures(); float probeA = sensors.getTempC(Probe01); float probeB = sensors.getTempC(Probe02); float probeC = sensors.getTempC(Probe03); float probeD = sensors.getTempC(Probe04); float probeE = sensors.getTempC(Probe05); float moistureSensorValue = analogRead(soilSensor); soilMoisture = ((moistureSensorValue / 1024) - 1) * 100 * -1; float uvSensorValue = analogRead(uvSensor); uvIndex = uvSensorValue / 1024 * 3.3 / 0.1; Serial.print("Rig Name: "); Serial.println(String(RIG_NAME)); Serial.print("ProbeA: "); printTemperature(Probe01); Serial.println(); Serial.print("ProbeB: "); printTemperature(Probe02); Serial.println(); Serial.print("ProbeC: "); printTemperature(Probe03); Serial.println(); Serial.print("ProbeD: "); printTemperature(Probe04); Serial.println(); Serial.print("ProbeE: "); printTemperature(Probe05); Serial.println(); Serial.print("soilMoisture: "); Serial.print(soilMoisture); Serial.println(); Serial.print("uvIndex: "); Serial.print(uvIndex); Serial.println(); byte temperature = 0; byte humidity = 0; int err = SimpleDHTErrSuccess; if ((err = dht22.read(&temperature, &humidity, NULL)) != SimpleDHTErrSuccess) { Serial.print("Read DHT22 failed, err="); Serial.println(err); } else { Serial.print("DHT22: "); Serial.print((int)temperature); Serial.print(" *C, "); Serial.print((int)humidity); Serial.println(" RH%"); } String postURL = String("POST readings to " + String(serverAddress) + ':' + String(port)); Serial.println(postURL); String contentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; String postData = String( "probeA=" + String(probeA) + "&probeB=" + String(probeB) + "&probeC=" + String(probeC) + "&probeD=" + String(probeD) + "&probeE=" + String(probeE) + "&rig_name=" + String(RIG_NAME) + "&uvIndex=" + String(uvIndex) + "&soilMoisture=" + String(soilMoisture) + "&humidity=" + String(humidity) + "&temperature=" + String(temperature)); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); client.post("/temperatures", contentType, postData); // read the status code and body of the response statusCode = client.responseStatusCode(); response = client.responseBody(); Serial.print("Status code: "); Serial.println(statusCode); Serial.print("Response: "); Serial.println(response); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); delay(100); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); delay(100); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); delay(1000); } // print temperature for device adress void printTemperature(DeviceAddress deviceAddress) { float tempC = sensors.getTempC(deviceAddress); if (tempC == -127.00) { Serial.print("Error getting temperature "); } else { Serial.print(tempC, 1); Serial.print(" C"); // Serial.print(" F: "); // Serial.print(DallasTemperature::toFahrenheit(tempC)); } }

SmartTerrariumClient

This is the Client portion of Smart Terrarium built using Vue.js.

ryanjgill / smart-terrarium-client

Client for Smart Terrarium —

Latest commit to the master branch on 5-27-2019

Download as zip

SmartTerrariumApp

Smart Terrarium App for receiving data, controlling hardware, and running the Smart Terrarium Client. This repo also contains the sketch for the MKR1000.

ryanjgill / smart-terrarium-app

Smart Terrarium App for receiving data, controlling hardware, and running the Smart Terrarium Client — Read More

Latest commit to the master branch on 5-31-2019

Download as zip

(This article copied from hackster.io Author: Ryan Gill)

0 notes

gabrielmorrison · 8 years

Note

🔥, 🍳, 💎, 💫

🔥: How many special interests do you have at the moment?

rn mm prob like. 2 main ones lol being animal husbandry and lazytown :D pokemon is still a background one tho :^)

🍳: Do you have a stim related to your special interest?

not 2 b gay but w lazytown lots of dancing stuff w the songs @___@ also a lot of the words get stuck in my head and i repeat it A Lot lol

💎: When and how did you discover your special interest?

W the animal husbandry that was mm last summer? it started w a book on guinea pig care ! after i got my job @ petco tho i got waayyy more into it and now looking into that kind of stuff is always a go to ! w lazytown it was w all the memes lmao but i really love the show and chars regardless of meme status

💫: Favorite fact about your special interest?

snakes dont have any arms

lol fr tho w ah theres so many things like aspects about it i love i could go on and on but ig the fact that stands out to me most is that snakes do not have the chemical capacity to love x___x tht breaks my heart dude

w lazytown its that stefan was in his early 20s for ggíl thats so cool dood

#THANKS FOR ASKING MEANS A LOT!!!!#actuallyaaronburr #samooask

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margdarsanme · 4 years

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NCERT Class 12 Sociology Chapter 3 The Story of Indian Democracy

NCERT Class 12 Sociology: Social Change and Development in India

Chapter 3 The Story of Indian Democracy

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q. 1.Interest groups are part and parcel of a functioning democracy. Discuss. Ans. :

Interest groups are organised to pursue specific interest in the political arena, operating primarily by lobbying the members of the legislative bodies.

When certain groups feel that their interests are not being taken up, they may move to form an alternative party.

Democracy is a form of government for the people, by the people and of the people. In this system interest groups are formed for specific interest.

Interest groups are private organisation. They are formed to influence public policy.

These are non political systems and their main goal are to take care of their own interest.

Political parties are established organisations with the aim of achieving governmental power and using that power to pursue a specific programme. Different interest groups will work towards influencing political parties.

These organisations are regarded as movements until they achieve recognition.

The interest groups play a significant role in Indian democracy and they perform various important functions such as:

(a) Formation of Public Opinion:

Using various forms of propaganda and communication, they mould public opinion. To get goodwill of public opinion and change in administrative system in their own favour they use T.V., radio, Email and various forms of social media, twitter and face book.

(b) Function at the time of Natural Disaster:

These interest groups provide help during natural calamity like Himalayans Tsunami at Kedamath or earthquakes etc. By doing such social activities they get public attention and favour and they influence the government.

Q. 2. Read the snippets from the debates held in the Constituent Assembly. Identify the interest groups. Discuss what kind of interest groups exist in contemporary India. How do they function? Ans. :

Snippets from the debates

K.T. Shah said that the right to use full employment could and should be made real by a categoric obligation on the part of the state to provide useful work to every citizen who was able and qualified.

B. Das spoke against classifying the functions of the government as justiciable and non-justiciable. “I think it is the primary duty of Government to remove hunger and render social justice to every citizen and to secure social security…”. The teeming millions do not find any hope that the Union Constitution… will ensure them freedom from hunger, will secure them social justice, will ensure them a minimum standard of living and a minimum standard of public health”.

Ambedkar’s answer was as follows:

“The Draft Constitution as framed only provides a machinery for the government of the country. It is not a controversy to install any particular party in power as has done in some countries. Who should be in power is left to be determined by the people, as it must be, if the system is to satisfy the tests of democracy.

On land reform Nehru said, that social forces were such that law could not stand in the way of reforms, interesting reflection on the dynamic between the two. “If law and Parliament do not fit themselves into the changing picture, they cannot control the situation”.

On the protection of the tribal people and their interests, leaders like Jaipal Singh were assured by Nehru in the following words during the Constituent Assembly „ debates: “It is our intention and our fixed desire to help them as possible; in as efficient a way as possible to protect them from possibly their rapacious neighbours occasionally and to make them advance”.

Even as the Constituent Assembly adopted the title Directive Principles of State Policy to the rights that courts could not enforce, additional principles were added with unanimous acceptance. These included K. Santhanam’s clause that the state shall organise village punchayats and endow them with the powers and authority to be effective units of local self government.

T.A. Ramalingam Chettiar added the clause for promotion of cottage industries on co-operative lines in rural areas. Veteran parlimentarian Thakurdas Bhargava added that the state should organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modem lines.

Interest groups are people outside the government who support the political parties to gain favours from them when they are in power. These are private organisation formed to influence public policy. They are non political groups whose main aim is to uphold their own interest.Political parties are not political parties. In India interest groups adopt two methods i.e. to influence the legislative committees and to help people at the time of natural calamity.

In contemporary India ASSOCHAM, FICCI, Labour Unions, Student’s union,Farmers union, women’s organisations are example of pressure group and interest groups.

Q. 3. Create a ‘phad’ or a scroll with your own mandate when standing for school election.(This could be done in small group of 5, like a panchayat). Ans. :

Being member of school Panchayat we will focus on following areas:

Panchayat members will try to inculcate self discipline among students. Being students we will function as a role model for rest of the students.

Being co-educational school, we will create an environment where girls get respect

and security so that indirectly we will provide a solid base for a healthy society.

We will take care of developing a system, through which students develop habit of self study and special coaching for professional courses may be arranged in the school.

Panchayat will take care of special children and remedial teaching for them.

Panchayat will coordinate with the Principal and may function as a pressure group to take care of proper student-teacher ratio, admission policy of the school, proper uniform, distribution of mid-day- meal etc.

Panchayat will also coordinate with the Principal and Managing staff to take care of games, sports, co-curricular activities and use of technology in school education.

Q. 4. Have you heard of Bal Panchayats and Mazdoor Kissan Sanghathan? If not, find out and write a note about them in about 200 words. Ans. :

Bal Panchayat:

My school follows a prefectoral system. The school has four houses. ,From each house, the house masters and the house children elect five prefects on the basis of their academic performances, leadership traits and their antecedents regarding .contribution for the curricular and co-curricular activities of the house. The principal,teachers and 20 prefects elect head boy of the school. The head boy functions as a prototype of the school. He/she is responsible for discipline, school environment, curricular and co-curricular activities, social interaction particularly with the other schools and is accountable for student’s activities in the school. The head boy particularly coordinates with the principal, headmasters, and house masters with the help of 20 prefects and helps in proper functioning of school buses, maintenance of assets, school fields, taking care of school property and by and large school discipline.

Mazdoor Sanghathan:

In 1920, first All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was established.

It was initiated by the congress but in 1929 hijacked by the communists.

Indian Trade Union Congress (INTUC) untraced by the congress, Hind Mazdoor Sabha organised by the socialists and Bhartiya Mazdoor Sabha linked with Bhartiya Janta Party earlier Jan Sangh.

These trade unions played a very significant role in the recruitment, wage policy, functioning, living conditions, hire and fire policy and by and large developing a political and social awareness among the workers. Kissan Sanghthan: India is a country of villages. Even today 75% of Indian population is living in villages and depends on agriculture.

Earlier this population was not politically aware with their rights. They were very much traditional and attached to their customs and rituals but due to congress and communists now the kissans of India are politically very mature, are aware with their strength and providing strong base to Indian democracy. This is very much proved in 2014 election when these peasants voted for a stable government breaking the caste, class and region bondings.

Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel took initiates in 1936 congress session at Lucknow and All India Kissan Sabha was established but due to caste and class conflict it could not function. Later CPI activists took command of Kissan Sabha. Many Kissan organisations emerged in India after independence. The socialists established Hind Kissan Panchayat and instead the Kissan Sabha by Marxist. The communist party of India (Marxists) established revolutionary peasants convention in 1967. This organisation gave lead to Naxalbari movement in West Bengal.

Due to the motivative of Shri Raj Narain and Choudhary Char an Singh in 1978 formed the All India Kissan Kamgar Sammelan. Many politicians and farmers like Shri Mahinder Singh Tikkait tried to organise the Kissans of India but even now this peasant group of India is not a well organised pressure group.

Q. 5. The 73rd amendment has been monumental in bringing a voice to the people in the Villages. Discuss. Ans. : The 73rd amendment has been monumental in bringing a voice to the people in the villages because this amendment is related to the directive principles of the state policy and panchayati raj. The amendment is based on the principle of power of the people and provides . constitutional guarantee to the Panchayats.

Main features of the Act:

Recognition to Panchayats, as institutions of self government.

Panchayat’s power and responsibilities to prepare a plan for economic development and social justice.

Establishment of uniform 3 tier system of strong Panchayats at village, block and district levels for all states having a population of over 20 lakhs.

The Act provides guidelines for the structure powers and functions, finance and elections and reservation of seats for the weaker sections of the given area.

Importance of the Act:

It was a revolutionary step towards establishing grassroot democracy.

All the states have passed legislation on the basis of guidelines and provision of the amendments.

Because of this act Panchayati Raj System at grassroot level became a reality.

Q. 6. Write an essay on the ways that the Indian Constitution touches peoples’ everyday life, drawing upon different examples. Ans. :

Indian constitution has given a democratic system to all of us.

Democracy is a government for the people, of the people and by the people. It is not limited to political freedom or economic and social justice. It is also about equal rights to all respective of caste, creed, race and gender.

Indian constitution has established Secularism. We have respect for all the religions and all the Indians have fundamental right to have faith in their own religion. Indian constitution provides equal rights to minority communities by extending friendly relationship and all sort of support system to them.

India is a welfare state and a Sociologist patronise society. It is our duty to protect public and national property. We all have equal opportunities to make use of resources and put our best effort for economic development.

Indian constitution provides social, political and economic justice and equality to all citizens of India.

Therefore it is our duty to support the government to participate in activity of government programmes like population control, smallpox, Malaria or Pulse Polio Programmes. Food Security Bill, Right to Information (RTI), Right to Education (RTE) and efforts for women empowerment are few major efforts made by the government to strengthen Indian democracy.

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