#causes of acute kidney injury

[alfakidneycare]

[kidneytreatment01]

Examining Homeopathic Methods for Treating Renal Failure

Renal failure, another name for kidney failure, is a dangerous medical condition in which the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste materials out of the blood. While there are many treatment options available in traditional medicine, such as kidney transplants and dialysis, homeopathy offers alternative methods that improve overall health and kidney function without the need for prescription drugs. This article delves into the fundamentals of homeopathy and considers how it might be used to Treatment for kidney failure.

Comprehending Homeopathy:

 Homeopathy is an all-encompassing medical approach based on the idea that "like cures like." It works on the premise that a highly diluted form of a drug that causes symptoms in a healthy person can alleviate identical symptoms in a sick person. The preparation of homeopathic medicines involves a series of steps, including serial dilution and succussion, which is meant to maximize their therapeutic effectiveness and minimize any possible negative effects.

Tailored Treatment Approach:

Tailored treatment is one of the mainstays of homeopathy. In order to recommend a remedy that is tailored to each patient's situation, homeopathic practitioners evaluate the individual symptoms, medical history, and overall constitution of each patient. Before suggesting a course of treatment in the instance of Treatment for kidney failure, a homeopath would take into account the patient's emotional and physical condition, the cause of kidney damage, and the symptoms that are now present.

Symptom Management: 

The goal of homeopathic treatments for renal failure is to reduce symptoms like exhaustion, edema, nausea, and trouble peeing. These treatments focus on addressing the underlying imbalances that are causing the symptoms rather than immediately treating the kidneys. A homeopath might, for instance, provide a treatment to enhance the body's detoxification systems, lower inflammation, or increase circulation—all of which have an indirect positive impact on kidney function.

Avoiding Complications:

 High blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, anemia, and cardiovascular disease are just a few of the issues that can arise with kidney failure. The goal of homeopathic treatment is to support the body's natural healing processes and address the underlying causes in order to prevent or minimize these consequences. Homeopathy focuses on the whole person's health and vitality in an effort to enhance quality of life and lower the likelihood of renal failure-related secondary health problems.

Conclusion:

While homeopathy is not a substitute for conventional medical care in cases of Treatment for kidney failure, it offers a holistic approach to managing symptoms, supporting renal function, and promoting overall health and vitality. By addressing the individual's unique constitution and employing remedies that stimulate the body's innate healing mechanisms, homeopathy can play a valuable role in enhancing quality of life for individuals living with kidney failure. As with any medical condition, it's essential to consult with a qualified homeopathic practitioner to determine the most appropriate course of treatment tailored to your specific needs.

[cravesunconditionallove]

Do you like tying up your Whumpees? Read this!!

so y’all I just found this out doing some research on torture:

Stress positions can kill you.

Stress positions are used as a torture method and are things like, say, wall sits or squatting (mild examples) and you are forced to do this until you collapse. A specific one called Strappado is particularly dangerous. Imagine your hands have been tied behind your back and then you’re hung up by your wrists. Yes, it will dislocate your shoulders.

If you search it up prepare to see some BDSM stuff

According to Wikipedia:

“Prolonged suspension [in Strappado] may eventually cause infarction of the muscles of the shoulder and chest wall and subsequent rhabdomyolysis (muscle cells break down in large amounts), acute kidney injury, and eventual death.”

I imagine this would take hours to days, but just remember, if you’re hanging your Whumpee by their wrists, if you want to be medical accurate and have them survive too, only do it for a little while.

[cardiacreports2]

Riley

Autopsy Report Name of Decedent: Riley Wilson Age: 21 years Date of Birth: [Redacted] Date of Death: [Redacted] Case Number: [Redacted] Performed by: Dr. [Redacted] Date of Autopsy: [Redacted]

Circumstances of Death

Riley Wilson, a 21-year-old male college student, was reportedly exercising vigorously in the gym when he suddenly collapsed. Witnesses stated that he was engaging in intense weightlifting, accompanied by a significant level of physical exertion. Emergency medical personnel arrived on scene promptly and attempted resuscitation, but all efforts were unsuccessful. His death was pronounced at the gym.

External Examination

Clothing and Personal Effects:

Gym Attire: Decedent was wearing a pair of athletic shoes, gym shorts, and a baseball cap.

Accessories: He had on a pair of lifting gloves. An Apple Watch was on his left wrist, showing recent workout activity, and his cell phone was located nearby with various gym-related applications open.

Physical Description: The decedent was a well-developed, muscular young man, approximately 6 feet tall, weighing 190 pounds, with brown hair and brown eyes. His skin showed no evidence of injury or trauma beyond minor abrasions on his hands, consistent with weightlifting.

Internal Examination

Cardiovascular System

A detailed examination of Riley Wilson’s heart revealed significant abnormalities indicative of a genetic cardiovascular defect. His heart was notably enlarged, with a weight of 520 grams—considerably heavier than expected for an individual of his age and build. The myocardial tissue displayed focal areas of fibrosis, particularly in the left ventricular wall, suggestive of long-standing cardiomyopathy, likely the result of an undiagnosed genetic condition.

Coronary Arteries: The coronary arteries were severely compromised. Although the arteries themselves were not heavily occluded by plaque, there was evidence of excessive thickening in the walls, characteristic of a genetic condition leading to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This thickening likely obstructed adequate blood flow, even under normal conditions, but particularly during strenuous physical activity.

Ventricular Wall and Septum: The left ventricular wall and interventricular septum were both hypertrophic, measuring 2.5 cm and 2.8 cm in thickness, respectively—well above the typical 1.2 cm. This degree of thickening is consistent with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a condition that increases susceptibility to life-threatening arrhythmias, especially under stress.

Myocardial Condition: Microscopic analysis of the myocardium revealed disorganized muscle fibers, along with areas of scar tissue, confirming long-standing fibrosis. Fibrotic tissue disrupted the otherwise smooth cardiac muscle, a classic indication of genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In several sections, clusters of damaged myocytes were observed, demonstrating substantial cellular stress and wear.

Lungs

Both lungs were moderately congested, with fluid accumulation indicative of acute pulmonary edema, likely due to left-sided heart failure precipitated by the sudden cardiac arrest. The left lung weighed 480 grams, while the right lung weighed 510 grams.

Other Organs

All other major organs, including the liver, kidneys, and spleen, appeared grossly normal upon inspection, though some displayed signs of mild congestion as a secondary effect of the heart failure.

Cause of Death

Cause of Death: Cardiac arrest secondary to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a genetic condition.

Contributing Factors: The decedent's intense physical activity at the time of collapse likely precipitated the fatal heart arrhythmia. His heart’s structural abnormalities, including the severe ventricular thickening and myocardial fibrosis, greatly increased his risk of sudden cardiac death under stress.

Conclusion

Riley Wilson’s death was a tragic and sudden event triggered by undiagnosed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This genetic condition resulted in severe myocardial and ventricular abnormalities, which under intense physical exertion led to a catastrophic heart failure.

[darkmaga-returns]

As of October 15, 2024, CDC has released more than half of the anticipated 7.8 million entries of V-safe free-text entries. ICAN’s analysis of the entries released so far reveals almost 12,000 reports of kidney pain, kidney stones, or kidney infections.

As many of you already know, V-safe was developed by CDC for individuals to report symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination. This month, we decided to look at V-safe reports of kidney issues.

We know from other vaccines that vaccination can negatively affect kidney function, causing harm far from the injection site. Sadly, it doesn’t occur to most people that an injection in their arm can harm a distant system of their body. But as ICAN has reported again and again, all body systems can be impacted by vaccination.

A 2024 study found a “strong causal relationship” between COVID-19 vaccination and kidney diseases such as acute interstitial nephritis (inflammation of kidneys) and podocytopathy (injury to special cells in the kidney). A 2022 study found a correlation between acute kidney injury (AKI) and COVID-19 vaccination and that “AKI following the COVID-19 vaccines led to poor prognosis, with 19.78% death in the Pfizer-BNT group, 17.78% in MODERNA, and 12.36% in JANSSEN.”

The V-safe app entries—most made in just the first few days and weeks following vaccination—reveal many reports of kidney pain, the abrupt development of kidney stones, and hospitalization for kidney infections. Here are a few examples:

“Infection of Kidneys and UTI. Blood in urine and kidney stone on left kidney.”

“I’m in the hospital right now Because I’m still peeing blood they think it’s kidney stones.”

“Kidney stone requiring emergency surgery, ureteral stent placement and subsequent removal; UTI.”

“Intermittent stabbing, pulsing pain around left kidney.”

“Severe flank pain (I think it’s a kidney stone) I’m in the ER”

“Diagnosis with new onset kidney stone”

“Severe kidney infection back pain fever”

Readers will not be surprised to learn CDC doesn’t recognize kidney issues as adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination, despite CDC’s access to this same V-safe data in real time as the vaccines were rolled out. ICAN will continue to do CDC’s job for it and bring attention to these dangerous and sometimes life-threatening conditions.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved on our archive

By Sabra Gibbens, MD

It wasn’t always lonely out here. I have been the only permanent doctor in my little country clinic north of Kingston for eight years now, and I previously felt tremendous camaraderie and connection with my hospital-based specialist colleagues and other family physicians in the area. But in the past two years, I have begun to feel alone.

My diagnosis of long COVID came in 2022, after months of investigations. The results of the bloodwork, pulmonary function tests, sleep study, head CT, Holter, and exercise stress tests all came back normal. When I met with a cardiologist to review my symptoms and the abnormal echocardiogram, she confirmed that the persistent shortness of breath, postexertion malaise, insomnia, headaches, and brain fog were caused by long COVID. She never attributed them to anxiety. I was grateful for the validation.

Thankfully, my symptoms have largely improved over the past two years, but because of this experience, I take prevention seriously. I am the weirdo who still requires masks or respirators for all staff and patients in the clinic. I am the outlier who has HEPA filters in the waiting room and exam rooms, who monitors CO2 with my air quality monitor, who cracks the windows, and who asks patients with respiratory symptoms to do rapid SARS-CoV-2 tests at home before they come in.

The primary focus of public health throughout the pandemic has been to prevent severe acute disease and to preserve hospital capacity. Prevention of long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), has always seemed like an afterthought, if it gets mentioned at all.

Why do emergency department reports and hospital discharge summaries not mention that my patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (or had “a really bad cold” or “the worst flu ever”) 1 month before they presented to hospital with weakness, falls, confusion, dyspnea, heart failure, acute kidney injury, or non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction? Doesn’t that seem relevant? It does to me.

With the blessing of provincial medical officers of health and regional public health units, most institutions and the general public have adopted the “vax and relax” strategy, When it comes to COVID-19, most public health officials seem more concerned with meeting people where they are and with keeping people calm than with informing and guiding people about risks to their health. I wish I didn’t, but I now have doubts about the willingness of these officials to inform and guide physicians and the public about the next epidemic or pandemic.

The department of family medicine where I trained, as well as most family medicine clinics in my area, made masking and other precautions optional long ago. How quickly optional became rare, then peculiar.

In February 2023, I attended a recruiting event with dozens of local family physicians and residents. Rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections and wastewater levels were very high in our region at that time, so I wore a KN95 respirator. I did not expect to be the only one, but I was. Dang. Awkward.

Social media constantly reminds me that most of the medical community has moved on. It’s a steady stream of pictures of parties and crowded conferences and medical school classes with no one masking. My feed is occasionally interrupted by posts from similarly COVID-conscious physicians who are trying their best not to get COVID-19 or transmit it to patients under their care. Scattered across the Twitterverse, each one of us is a little island of perseverance.

I stopped attending in-person medical events because it is psychologically too difficult. I expect to be the only one masking in the movie theatre or grocery store, but among physician peers? Did they not get the memo? Did I not get the memo?

It wasn’t just one memo; 24 000 papers on the sequalae of COVID-19 have been published since the pandemic started.1 The British Medical Journal published an update on long COVID for primary care in September 2022, and guidance includes a time- and resource-intensive protocol for bloodwork, stress tests, pulmonary function tests, CT scans, and specialist consultations.2 Ontario Health published summary guidance for primary care regarding PASC in December 2022, but it has not been updated.3 The absence of any newer guidance suggests that interest in or funding for this topic has dwindled.

Anyway, I’m headed to a conference in a sunny place next week. It’s mostly an excuse to get away with my family while I brush up on some topics of interest. Of course, I am packing respirators, a CO2 monitor, and a portable HEPA filter. Weirdo? Outlier? Yep. Don’t care. Maybe I feel comfortable doing that for this conference because I’m unlikely to have any ongoing relationship with the other conference attendees. I care more about preserving my health so that I can continue practising medicine, taking care of my community, and enjoying my family than what others might think of me.

I do miss the camaraderie. What would it take to get that back? I had been hoping that the whole medical community would come together to advocate for clean-air standards, masking to protect against airborne pathogens, better vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics for PASC. I now realize this is unlikely to happen. I cannot wait for the world to change. I’ve got to find something in me, a mindset that will enable the reconnection, the old sense of belonging and shared purpose. I’m looking. I’ll keep looking.

References ↵Al-Aly Z. Long COVID puzzle pieces are falling into place — the picture is unsettling. The Conversation 2024 July 18. Available: theconversation.com/long-covid-puzzle-pieces-are-falling-into-place-the-picture-is-unsettling-233759 (accessed 2024 July 25).

↵Greenhalgh T, Sivan M, Delaney B, et al. Long covid: an update for primary care. BMJ 2022;378:e072117. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-072117.

↵Post-COVID-19 condition: guidance for primary care. Toronto: Ontario Health; 2022. Available: www.ontariohealth.ca/sites/ontariohealth/files/2021-12/PostCovidConditionsClinicalGuidance_EN.pdf (accessed 2024 Aug. 5).

[opmilfzine]

✨ "Mother Knows Best" Advice Column: Dr. Kureha! ✨

(written by @vetoing-clocks)

On 'Self-Care':

Hello, people, Doctor Kureha here, winner of the 2024 “One Piece” MILF tournament. It shows that many of you are people of taste and recognize that I’m hotter and better than all those little girls not even half my age. 

Now, even if you have bad taste and didn’t vote for me, I’ll make you listen to what I have to say, because it’s important. The “Doctor” in “Doctor Kureha” isn’t part of my name, it’s my actual title. It’s what I do for a living, and I’m so damn good at it that I made it to 140.

Yeah, yeah, I know. I probably triggered some ugly memories there. I know the sort of people that my profession tends to gather. Narcissistic masochists, each and every one of us, and the ones that can’t keep that under control make for terrible doctors. I’ve fought some of them and won. That’s another reason you know you can trust me.

I’m here to tell you a couple of quick things about self-care. Let’s start with vitamin D! You’re probably deficient. It happens because we mostly get it from exposure to the sun. I live in a winter island, I barely see the sun.  In summer islands, though, you gotta wear sunscreen to protect yourself from skin cancer, so you end up deficient too. You need vitamin D for your bones and to stay young! If you can’t get your vitamin D naturally, store-bought is fine too. Just make sure not to take more than the recommended dose, because it accumulates and it can also cause kidney failure. You don’t want to fuck up your kidneys, trust me.

Speaking of kidneys? Water! Drink water! It’s hard to remember and also a hassle because nobody wants to go to the toilet all the time, but you know what you really don’t want? Acute. Kidney. Injury. You need two liters of water a day, so get drinking! And you know what’s good about water? It’s the only thing you can ingest before going to sleep that won’t ruin your rest. Digestion needs a certain effort from your body that keeps you from getting a restful sleep from the start. It doesn’t matter how little you eat, if you ingest anything that isn’t water less than two hours before you go to bed, you’ll be messing with your chances of getting a full night of good sleep.

The last thing I’m gonna share with you is completely unrelated to the previous stuff. Did you know that a lot of studies have been made on happiness? One of them says that generosity—giving things to other people—produces more satisfaction and joy than getting stuff for yourself. Isn’t that an interesting fact? We’re apparently made to try to be kind. It doesn’t sound like such a bad thing to be. Maybe some of my colleagues should try it.

---

Thank you for the boost! 🥂 @opfandombase @opzinebulletin

[yukiranine]

I saw your tags on the fruit post so are you an avid grapefruit hater? Can you elaborate please

HEEELPP ok so for I’ve had this confirmed w my friends also in med school cause they learn about it CONSISTENTLY as well but like a reoccurring thing other than your typical stuff that we learned in pharmacy school is that grapefruit juice shuts down an enzyme that’s extremely common in processing medication within your kidneys. It’s kinda ridiculous like abt 20% acute kidney injuries in critically ill patients is partially contributed by drinking grapefruit juice of all things.

Ofc just drinking a little bit or I think really just eating the fruit itself in moderation is fine but they do say like drinking grapefruit juice consistently can mess up your body’s metabolism to quite a few drugs and cause drug to drug adverse effects. It’s kinda messed up!! Just don’t drink it!!

[jcsmicasereports]

Acute kidney injury following exposure to a formaldehyde –free hair straightening products by Dr. Nabil Abu-Amer in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

ABSTRACT

Formaldehyde- free hair straightening products are hair smoothening solutions widely used by professional beauty salons. Formaldehyde-free hair straighteners do not technically contain formaldehyde, however they contain other chemicals such as glyoxyloyl carbocysteine which releases formaldehyde upon contact with heat. Moreover, its by-product glyoxylate may convert to oxalate, both compounds have potential nephrotoxic effect.

Case presentation: 41-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with weakness, nausea , vomiting and  stage three acute kidney injury according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes acute kidney injury staging (KDIGO) shortly after exposure to formaldehyde - free hair straightening product, other causes of acute kidney injury were excluded such as preceding acute illness, drug history or others nephrotoxic agent exposure On physical examination the patient was pale, her vital signs were normal. The urine microscopy and serologic workup was not indicative. Kidney core biopsy reveal interstitial edema, acute interstitial nephritis and oxalate crystal nephropathy. Kidney function completely recovered after a short course of steroid therapy.

Conclusions: We present a case of severe kidney injury after exposure to hair straightening products branded as formaldehyde free but actually contain other chemicals products which release formaldehyde and other toxic chemicals when heated during the straightening procedure and  may cause systemic toxicity, particularly kidney injury. Different cosmetic products are widely in use, not all are under a tight regulation, and therefore it is important to raise the awareness of both medical teams and consumers of possible adverse health effects of different cosmetic products.

INTRODUCTION

Nephrotoxicity is defined as kidney injury due to toxic effects of chemicals. There are various forms of chemicals and drugs that may affect renal function in various mechanism including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), tubulopathy and electrolyte imbalance, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), glomerular damage, crystal nephropathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy [1-3].

Formaldehyde- free hair straightening products contain potentially toxic chemicals other than formaldehyde. One potential such substance is glyoxyloyl carbocysteine, which is composed of glyoxylic acid, cysteine and acetic acid. Glyoxylic acid both releases formaldehyde when heated and is converted into either glycine by AGT1 (alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1) or oxalate by glycolate oxidase in the human cell peroxisomes [4].

Formaldehyde is a colorless aldehyde poisonous gas at room temperature [5]. It is usually mixed with water and when the small fraction of soluble formaldehyde reacts with water, it quickly forms methylene glycol. For every molecule of free formaldehyde, 1,820 molecules of methylene glycol are formed [6]. Methylene glycol reverts back to free formaldehyde almost immediately upon contact with air or skin. Formaldehyde is thus absorbed through skin, eyes, and inhalation, and is eliminated through the urine [7-8]. During the hair straightening process, high levels of formaldehyde are found in samples of air taken from beauty salons [9] and in specimens of hairstylist workers skin [10-11].

In the kidney, formaldehyde has been reported to cause direct cytotoxic effect resulting in acute toxic tubular necrosis [12-13], and may also cause an immune system response leading to acute interstitial nephritis.

Another potential nephrotoxic component of hair straightening products is oxalate, which is an end product of glyoxylic acid.  Increased levels of oxalate promote calcium oxalate precipitation in various tissues including the kidneys, resulting in toxic injury.

Case presentation

A 41-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism and sleeve gastrectomy five years ago, presented to the emergency department with profound weakness, nausea and vomiting. Her symptoms began three days earlier, immediately after using a professional hair straightening formaldehyde- free product in a professional beauty salon.

On physical examination the patient was pale, her vital signs were normal, heart rate  was 66 bpm, blood pressure was 125/70 mmHg, she had no fever or respiratory distress and appeared euvolemic.

Laboratory investigations revealed a serum creatinine of 3.46 mg/dl (one year prior to the event Cr. value was 0.6 mg/dl), urea 77 mg/dl, and electrolytes, liver function tests, Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and complete blood count were normal. Blood venous gases revealed: pH 7.375, HCO3 21 mmol/L and base excess 3 mmol. The anion gap and serum osmolar gap were normal. Urinalysis demonstrated leukocyturia +1 without hematuria or proteinuria.

During hospitalization urine output was normal, repeat urinalysis demonstrated leukocyturia +1 without hematuria or proteinuria, and Bence-Jones protein was negative. Urine microscopy demonstrated epithelial cells with few white blood cells without any casts or crystals. Renal ultrasound showed 14.4 cm bilateral echogenic, edematous renal parenchyma (shown in  Fig. 1).

A full serologic workup including hepatitis B and C, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, antinuclear antibody (ANA) , Anti-double stranded DNA, Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), Anti-Phospolipid antibody (APLA) was normal except for a complement C3 level of 80 mg/dl (normal range 90-110 mg/dl).

On the 4th hospitalization day a renal core biopsy was performed. The histologic examination (shown in Fig. 2) was correlatd with  acute tubular necrosis, tubulo- intersitial nephritis and oxalate crystals . With the diagnosis of interstitial nephritis, the patient was started on prednisolone 1 mg/kg, one week later serum creatinine decreased to a level of 0.98 mg/dl.

A: Glomeruli were normo-cellular and without signs of active glomerular disease (arrow heads), tubules showed signs of diffuse tubular injury (black arrow) and tubules contained oxalate crystals (blue arrow). B:The interstitium showed edema associated with multifocal mixed inflammatory infiltration with multiple eosinophils and foci of tubulitis. C:There was one epithelioid granuloma. D:Tubules contained oxalate crystals (blue arrow) observed under polarized light-microscopy. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed C3 1+ in blood vessel walls only.

Discussion

This patient presents an unusual case of kidney toxic and inflammatory injury accompanied with oxalate deposition secondary to hair straightening product. In a literature review, only few cases [14-15] of acute kidney injury (AKI) following hair straightening formaldehyde- free product exposure were reported. All cases were reported after 2019. The spectrum of kidney injury following hair straightening ranges from mild to severe kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. The histopathologic changes reported mainly depicted severe acute tubular necrosis and acute interstitial nephritis.

Our patient presented with stage 3 AKI following hair straightening formaldehyde - free product exposure. Other causes of AKI were excluded such as preceding acute illness, drug history or other nephrotoxic agent exposure. Laboratory workup revealed leukocyturia +1, and ultrasonography was significant for enlarged edematous echogenic renal parenchyma. Kidney biopsy demonstrated acute interstitial nephritis, oxalate crystal precipitation and acute tubular necrosis. We speculate that the clinical presentation and the histopathologic changes directly resulted from exposure to the hair straightening formaldehyde- free product.

In reviewing the ingredients of the specific product used in this case, it included glyoxyloyl carbocysteine, glyoxyloyl keratin amino acid, propylene glycol glycerin, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin disodium and other collagen, surfactant and fragrance components. We did not find evidence in the medical, pharmacological and chemical literature that any of these substances causes acute kidney injury other than glyoxyloyl carbocysteine.

Many hair straightening products are labeled as formaldehyde "free" but actually contain chemicals such as glyoxyloyl carbocysteine or methylene glycol which release formaldehyde and other toxic chemicals when heated, e.g the carbocysteine hair treatment represents the combination of glyoxylic acid + cisteine + acetic acid. Glyoxylic acid contains an aldehyde functional group, glyoxylic acid behaves as an aldehyde by  heating during the hair straightening process thus releasing high levels of formaldehyde gas exceeding the capacity of exposure[16]. On top of that, glyoxylic acid absorbed through the scalp may had converted to oxalic acid [17] which may precipitate in kidney tissue. It is possible that other components such as propylene glycol may cause osmotic renal injury. In this case, serum osmotic gap was not available since it calculated four days after exposure.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a case of severe kidney injury after exposure to hair straightening products branded as formaldehyde free is presented. This case highlights the sensitivity of the kidney to various environmental and commercial products, some of which have not been fully characterized or identified yet.

It is important to raise the awareness of both medical teams and consumers, of possible adverse health effects of different cosmetic products, including acute kidney injury, and perhaps promote tighter regulation of such products.

Statement of Ethics:

Ethical approval is not required for this study in accordance with local or national guidelines.

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available.

Conflict of Interest interests

The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose

Funding

No funding was obtained for this study.

Authors’ contributions

NAA, NZ, SM, PB, were involved in the clinical management of the patient.

NAA, MK, collected the data and wrote the first version of the manuscript.

NAA, NZ, MK, SM, PB approved the final version of the manuscript.

The authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Data Availability

All data that support the findings of this study are included in this article.

[leanstooneside]

Confess and be hanged

Kathy Griffin's elbow (Other congenital malformations of hair)

Dave Navarro's forehead (Subluxation of lens, unspecified eye)

Jessica Biel's eye (Other hammer toe(s) (acquired), left foot)

James Franco's fist (Solitary bone cyst, left ulna and radius)

Simon Doonan's thigh (Malignant neoplasm of left orbit)

Carson Palmer's head (School (private) (public) (state) as the place of occurrence of the external cause)

Pitbull's eye (Chondrolysis, hip)

Kevin Federline's eye (Osseous and subluxation stenosis of intervertebral foramina of abdomen and other regions)

Tate Donovan's thigh (Chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR/ABL-positive, in remission)

Ryan Gosling's arm (Pedal cycle passenger injured in collision with fixed or stationary object in traffic accident)

Sean Combs's neck (Mixed pediculosis and phthiriasis)

Katharine McPhee's chin (Calcific tendinitis, right lower leg)

Katrina Bowden's back (Kernicterus, unspecified)

Balthazar Getty's hair (Toxic effect of contact with other venomous marine animals, assault)

Elizabeth Taylor's ear (Displaced trimalleolar fracture of left lower leg)

Kelsey Grammer's eye (Major laceration of left kidney)

Kerry Diamond's neck (Scrotal transposition)

Jason Lee's wrist (Papyraceous fetus, first trimester)

Josh Holloway's upper arm (Activity, swimming)

Desiree Hartsock's ear (Swimmer's ear, left ear)

Jared Leto's eyebrow (Pathological fracture, right hand)

Rumer Willis's eye (Lesion of plantar nerve)

Ramona Singer's arm (Other specified injury of intrinsic muscle and tendon at ankle and foot level, left foot)

Emily VanCamp's calf (Nicotine dependence, cigarettes, with withdrawal)

Jane Krakowski's fist (Other unilateral secondary osteoarthritis of hip)

Vince Vaughn's lower leg (Unspecified complication following infusion and therapeutic injection)

Olivia Palermo's shoulder (Laceration without foreign body of right back wall of thorax with penetration into thoracic cavity)

Russell Brand's wrist (Malignant neoplasm of left orbit)

Jackson Rathbone's belly (Primary cyst of pars plana, unspecified eye)

Garth Brooks's eyebrow (Nondisplaced fracture of anterior process of left calcaneus)

Adrian Grenier's nose (Military operations involving flamethrower, civilian)

Jesse Tyler Ferguson's hair (Retinal hemorrhage, left eye)

Martin Lawrence's ankle (Hemorrhagic disease of newborn)

Spencer Pratt's neck (Perforated corneal ulcer, unspecified eye)

Ashley Hebert's bottom (Major laceration of left kidney)

Hugh Jackman's bottom (Laceration of radial artery at wrist and hand level of left arm)

Paris Hilton's chin (Preterm labor without delivery, unspecified trimester)

Simon Cowell's arm (Contusion of small intestine)

Tila Tequila's cheek (Other superficial bite of hand of unspecified hand)

Jennifer Grey's toe (Injury of quadriceps muscle, fascia and tendon)

Brody Jenner's hip (Laceration without foreign body of back wall of thorax without penetration into thoracic cavity)

Ciara's hair (Diffuse cystic mastopathy of unspecified breast)

Molly Sims's chin (Urticaria due to cold and heat)

Luke Bryan's buttocks (Urticaria due to cold and heat)

Richard Gere's breast (Endometriosis of pelvic peritoneum)

Jensen Ackles's calf (Other ulcerative colitis with intestinal obstruction)

Teresa Giudice's head (Laceration of extensor muscle, fascia and tendon of left middle finger at forearm level)

Stavros Niarchos III's ear (Striatonigral degeneration)

Winona Ryder's thumb (Acute embolism and thrombosis of right femoral vein)

Scott Disick's forearm (Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type)

[zombielenin]

Someone sent me lilies again! I know they mean well, but people really need to stop sending me flowers that can kill my cat. Luckily, I checked before taking the bouquet into my apartment, so my cat wasn’t exposed to them this time.

PSA: Don’t send lilies or bouquets that contain them to cat owners. They’re common in sympathy bouquets, but you should check any bouquet you send to cat owners for lilies. You may say it’s on the cat owner to check the bouquet, but plenty of cat owners don’t know that lilies are very toxic to cats. Consuming any part of a lily, its pollen, or even the water they were in can cause is an acute kidney injury that will kill a cat without medical treatment. Even in the best case scenario where the cat gets prompt treatment and survives without any issues, the cat has to be hospitalized for a couple of days, which is unpleasant for the cat, and the owners have a huge veterinarian bill. I paid $4,000 dollars upfront in an NYC pet hospital, and was reimbursed $3,000 by my insurance. I’m lucky that I’m in a position where I can afford this, but many people can’t, and I hate to think about what would happen in that scenario.

To the cat owners, know which flowers are toxic to cats. Lilies are just one of them. The ASPCA has a list of these plants. They also have an animal poison control center, which does charge a fee of about $95. You should absolutely call them if you think your cat may have consumed a lily or other poisonous plant. They will tell you what you need to do and work with the veterinary team at the hospital that you take your cat to devise a treatment plan. Their number is (888) 426-4435. I’ve put a few links to more information on lilies, the toxic plant list, and the animal poison control center below.

[kidneytreatment01]

Effective Methods for decreasing Creatinine Levels to Restore Renal Health

High creatinine levels can indicate underlying kidney issues and require prompt attention to prevent further complications. Homeopathy offers a gentle yet effective approach to managing elevated creatinine levels, focusing on restoring balance to the body's natural healing mechanisms.

Individualized Assessment: A thorough evaluation of the individual's overall health, medical history, and symptoms is essential in homeopathic treatment. This personalized approach allows the homeopath to tailor the treatment plan to address the root cause of high creatinine treatment.

Constitutional Remedies: Homeopathic remedies selected based on the individual's constitutional type can help stimulate the body's innate healing response. These remedies aim to rebalance the body's vital force, promoting optimal kidney function and lowering creatinine levels.

Symptom-Based Remedies: Specific homeopathic remedies may be prescribed based on the unique symptoms associated with high creatinine treatment. These remedies target symptoms such as fatigue, swelling, urinary problems, and other signs of kidney dysfunction.

Renal Restoration: Approaches to Kidney Failure Treatment

Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, is a serious condition where the kidneys lose their ability to function properly, leading to a buildup of toxins and waste products in the body. Homeopathy offers a gentle yet comprehensive approach to supporting kidney health and managing the symptoms of Treatment for kidney failure.

Individualized Assessment: Homeopathic treatment begins with a thorough evaluation of the individual's overall health, medical history, and specific symptoms associated with kidney failure. This personalized approach allows the homeopath to tailor the treatment plan to address the underlying causes and unique manifestations of the condition.

Constitutional Remedies: Homeopathic remedies selected based on the individual's constitutional type can help stimulate the body's innate healing mechanisms and support overall kidney function. These remedies aim to address the underlying imbalances contributing to Treatment for kidney failure and promote holistic healing.

Symptom-Based Remedies: In addition to constitutional remedies, specific homeopathic remedies may be prescribed to target the symptoms of kidney failure, such as fatigue, swelling, high blood pressure, nausea, and urinary problems. These remedies work in harmony with the body's natural processes to alleviate discomfort and improve quality of life.

What Causes Chronic Kidney Disease and How to Treat It: An Understanding

chronic kidney disease causes and treatment (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. Understanding the causes of CKD is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Homeopathy offers a holistic approach to managing CKD, focusing on addressing the underlying causes and supporting kidney function.

Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease

Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the kidneys over time, leading to CKD.

Hypertension: High blood pressure can strain the kidneys, causing damage and increasing the risk of CKD.

Polycystic Kidney Disease: Inherited condition characterized by the growth of cysts in the kidneys, leading to CKD.

Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus and vasculitis can cause inflammation and damage to the kidneys.

Other Factors: Smoking, obesity, family history of kidney disease, and certain medications can also contribute to CKD.

Different Strategies for Treating Kidney Failure: Topical Dialysis

kidney failure treatment without dialysis presents significant challenges, but for those seeking alternatives to dialysis, homeopathy offers a comprehensive approach focused on supporting kidney function and overall well-being.

Individualized Assessment: Homeopathic treatment begins with a thorough evaluation of the individual's health history, symptoms, and specific manifestations of kidney failure treatment without dialysis. This personalized approach allows the homeopath to tailor the treatment plan to address the underlying causes and unique needs of the individual.

Constitutional Remedies: Homeopathic remedies are selected based on the individual's constitutional type, aiming to stimulate the body's innate healing mechanisms and restore balance. These remedies work holistically to support kidney function and overall health.

Symptom-Based Remedies: In addition to constitutional remedies, specific homeopathic remedies may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms associated with kidney failure, such as fatigue, swelling, high blood pressure, and urinary problems. These remedies target the individual's symptoms, promoting relief and enhancing quality of life.

[expertacademicassignmenthelp]

Pulmonary Edema

Introduction

Pulmonary edema is a condition that results from the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, leading to impaired gas exchange and respiratory distress. This comprehensive discourse aims to provide an in-depth analysis of pulmonary edema, covering its pathophysiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, prevention strategies, and associated complications.

Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary edema develops when there is an imbalance between the hydrostatic and oncotic pressures within the pulmonary vasculature. This imbalance leads to an increase in capillary permeability and the extravasation of fluid into the interstitial space and alveoli of the lungs. Several mechanisms contribute to this process, including increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to heart failure, increased vascular permeability due to inflammation or injury, and decreased oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminemia or capillary leak syndrome.

Etiology of Pulmonary Edema

The etiology of pulmonary edema can be categorized into cardiogenic and noncardiogenic causes. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs secondary to heart failure or other cardiac conditions that result in elevated left atrial pressure and pulmonary venous congestion. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, on the other hand, is caused by factors unrelated to heart dysfunction, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), aspiration, sepsis, or neurogenic pulmonary edema.

Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Edema

The clinical presentation of pulmonary edema varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, frothy sputum, cyanosis, and crackles on auscultation. Severe cases may progress to respiratory failure, hypoxemia, and hemodynamic instability.

Diagnostic Modalities for Pulmonary Edema

Diagnosing pulmonary edema requires a thorough clinical evaluation, including a detailed medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. Imaging studies such as chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, and lung ultrasound can provide valuable information about lung parenchymal changes and the presence of pulmonary congestion. Laboratory tests, including arterial blood gas analysis, brain natriuretic peptide levels, and electrolyte measurements, may also aid in the diagnosis and assessment of disease severity.

Treatment Strategies for Pulmonary Edema

The management of pulmonary edema involves addressing the underlying cause, relieving symptoms, and preventing complications. Initial treatment often includes supplemental oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation and reduce respiratory distress. Diuretics, such as furosemide or bumetanide, are commonly used to reduce fluid overload and alleviate pulmonary congestion. In cases of cardiogenic pulmonary edema, vasodilators, inotropes, or mechanical ventilation may be necessary to improve cardiac function and gas exchange.

Prevention Strategies for Pulmonary Edema

Preventing pulmonary edema requires a broad approach aimed at managing underlying risk factors and promoting healthy lifestyle habits. Patients with known cardiac conditions should adhere to prescribed medications, maintain a low-sodium diet, and monitor fluid intake to prevent fluid retention and exacerbation of heart failure. Individuals at risk of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema should avoid exposure to toxins, practice proper respiratory hygiene, and seek prompt medical attention for respiratory infections or injuries.

Complications of Pulmonary Edema

Untreated or inadequately managed pulmonary edema can lead to several complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiogenic shock, acute kidney injury, pulmonary hypertension, and death. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to prevent progression to these life-threatening complications and improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion

Pulmonary edema is a complex and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate management. By understanding the underlying pathophysiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, prevention strategies, and associated complications of pulmonary edema, healthcare providers can optimize patient care and outcomes. Continued research efforts aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying pulmonary edema and identifying novel therapeutic targets are essential to further improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of this condition.

Embarking on your journey in the field of medicine is both exciting and challenging. As you navigate through your rigorous study period, it’s essential to seek guidance and assistance whenever needed to ensure your success.

At Expert Academic Assignment Help, we understand the demands of medical education and are here to support you every step of the way. Whether you require assistance with assignments, research papers, or exam preparation, our team of experts is dedicated to providing you with the help you need to excel in your studies.

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[cardiacreports2]

Paramedic Report

Incident Number: 2024-07-08-DK-0562 Patient Name: Darren Kozlowski Age: 31 Sex: Male Height: 6’1” Weight: Approx. 185 lbs Date of Incident: July 8, 2024 Time of Call Received: 10:12 AM

Incident Description: Emergency services were dispatched to a trail located in Riverbend Park following an alert from the patient’s smartwatch, which detected a suspected cardiac event. Bystanders reported finding the patient collapsed approximately 1.3 miles into the trail. The patient was unresponsive and pulseless upon paramedic arrival at 10:22 AM.

Initial Assessment:

Airway: Clear

Breathing: Apneic

Circulation: No palpable pulse; asystole confirmed on ECG

Skin Condition: Cool, pale, diaphoretic

Interventions (On-Site):

CPR initiated: High-quality chest compressions performed immediately upon arrival.

Defibrillation: Delivered one shock (200J) following identification of ventricular fibrillation (VF) on ECG. VF converted to sinus rhythm; ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) achieved at 10:27 AM.

Medications Administered:

1 mg Epinephrine IV every 3–5 minutes during CPR (3 doses given).

300 mg Amiodarone IV push following initial shock.

Transport to Hospital:

Time En Route: 15 minutes

Condition During Transport: Patient deteriorated en route, suffering a second cardiac arrest at 10:33 AM. Aggressive CPR was resumed with defibrillation (2 shocks, 200J each) and ROSC achieved at 10:38 AM.

Vital Signs Pre-Hospital Arrival:

Heart Rate: 48 bpm (weak, irregular)

Blood Pressure: 72/50 mmHg

SpO2: 82% (on 100% O2 via BVM)

Hospital Arrival:

Time of Arrival: 10:44 AM

Patient presented with recurrent arrhythmia, hypotension, and altered mental status. Handoff provided to ER staff for advanced resuscitation.

Autopsy Report

Patient Name: Darren Kozlowski Case Number: ME-2024-894 Age: 31 Sex: Male Date of Death: July 8, 2024 Time of Death: 11:03 AM Performed By: Dr. Laura Mendelson, MD, Forensic Pathologist Location: County Medical Examiner’s Office

External Examination:

Height: 6’1”

Weight: 185 lbs

Build: Lean and fit; well-developed musculature.

Hair: Short blonde hair and beard.

Eyes: Blue.

Distinguishing Features: None noted.

External Trauma:

Rib fractures (bilateral, 3rd–6th ribs) consistent with CPR.

Bruising along the sternum.

Minor abrasions on knees and hands from collapse.

No other injuries identified.

Internal Examination:

Heart:

Weight: 375 grams (normal range: 280–340 grams).

Severe coronary artery disease identified:

95% occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD).

80% occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA).

Evidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI) involving 40% of the left ventricle, with microscopic examination confirming recent myocardial necrosis and hemorrhage.

Mild left ventricular hypertrophy noted (wall thickness: 1.5 cm).

Lungs:

Pulmonary congestion and edema (weight: 750 grams per lung).

No evidence of pulmonary embolism.

Other Organs:

Liver: Mild steatosis.

Kidneys: Acute tubular necrosis, likely secondary to hypoperfusion during cardiac arrest events.

Brain: Mild cerebral edema, no gross signs of anoxic injury.

Toxicology Results:

Negative for alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescribed medications.

Positive for mild caffeine levels consistent with normal consumption.

Cause of Death: Acute myocardial infarction due to severe coronary artery disease, complicated by multiple cardiac arrests.

Manner of Death: Natural.

Pathologist’s Summary: The decedent, a 31-year-old male, succumbed to complications from a severe heart attack while running. Advanced resuscitation efforts successfully restored circulation twice; however, irreversible cardiac damage and circulatory collapse led to his death. Contributing factors include undiagnosed atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy, suggesting a predisposition to cardiac events under physical exertion.

[darkmaga-returns]

Introducing the top 10 stories they chose not to tell you this week.

The Vigilant Fox

Feb 16, 2025

#10 - Bombshell Global Study Links mRNA Vaccines to Serious Kidney Injuries

“The numbers are staggering.”

The study, led by Dr. Hyeon Seok Hwang, analyzed adverse events from the WHO’s VigiBase, and what they found is jaw-dropping: the worst vaccine-linked renal safety signals ever recorded.

While everyone talks about post-vaccine myocarditis, what no one mentions is the devastation the COVID-19 shots inflict on the kidneys.

For Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): The study found COVID-19 mRNA vaccines had a Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) of 2.38 (95% CI: 2.30–2.46).

This means people receiving COVID-19 mRNA vaccines reported AKI at more than twice the rate compared to those receiving other drugs in the WHO database.

For Glomerulonephritis (GN): Inflammation of the glomeruli—the kidney’s tiny filters—a condition that can cause swelling and kidney failure, the numbers are even worse.

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines had the highest Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) for GN at 13.41 (95% CI: 12.62–14.26).

This means COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were linked to more than 13 times the expected rate of GN compared to other vaccines.

The study’s results are affirmed by the work of data analyst John Beaudoin Sr., who has been sounding the alarm on post-vaccine kidney injuries since uncovering damning data in Massachusetts.

After expanding his analysis to the entire United States, he discovered over 210,000 excess deaths from acute kidney injury (AKI) since 2021, which he blames on the hospital death protocols and the COVID-19 injections.

“We’re talking close to a quarter of a million people by a single cause of death,” he lamented.

“And because it [deaths] goes down to very young ages, what you have is the greatest number of life years lost of anything in the last 100 years in the United States, except for World War II.”

Beaudoin, who lost his son in 2018 in a car crash, says he fights to expose the data because “I want to prevent other parents from having to lose their kids.”

“And it just kills me to see these huge numbers, and I can’t get people to talk about anything but myocarditis… Excess deaths from renal failure since COVID began is 150 times more than excess deaths from myocarditis,” Beaudoin explained.

[lady-stormbraver]

what I should be researching: literally anything counseling or psych assessment related that is relevant to my current class or the profession as a whole

what I am currently researching: causes and prognosis of acute kidney injury, hypovolemic shock, emergency nephrectomy procedures and recovery times