#c programming language

[queen-of-bad-opsec]

integer length function in C using printf. i think this is optimal??

it doesnt compile under windows tho.. not sure yet how to make it work there....

[bluemanedhawk]

A recent paper for C2y has made it so that generic selection expressions can match on a type instead of an expression, and doing this will not perform lvalue conversions. This means that an array-length macro that performs typeċḣecking can replace the confusion it induces with nested generic selection expressions with an entirely new kind of confusion induced by nested typeofs.

[fingors]

int favs[5] = {1, 7, 9, 42, 8};

I got polls

[sacoder]

SA Coder is a free online platform that provides easy-to-understand tutorials and projects to help you learn to code. This is C Programming Tutorials

[tccicomputercoaching]

C is a high level language and structured programming language that was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to develop the UNIX operating system at Bell Labs. While C++ contains object oriented concepts which has so many advantages as compared to C lang.

[sizzlingcreatorcycle]

Learn Best C Programming Language Courses

C Language is one of the most basic or beginner C Programming Languages Course, C Language has had a direct bearing on most of the programming languages that have evolved out of it, and one must at least have an understanding of what is C Language in order to be able to boss any language around. As getting complete knowledge of programming languages is very crucial and essential to enter the world of development which is considered to be the most competitive ad prestigious profession and high paying job in today’s world. So to begin the journey of learning C, you can do so with some of the best courses.

Takeoff upskill today we are going to discuss the 10 Best C Programming Courses for Beginners: these are the best courses offering you good content for learning and at the meantime issued a certificate after completion of the course. To summarize, let’s consider each of them in detail, and perhaps you will decide which method is more suitable for you.

Takeoff upskill should first read some of the C programming language information before explaining the best courses to take for C programming.

Introduction to C Programming:

An overview of C language and where it fits.

Environmental planning (IDEs- for instance VS Code, Dev-C++, etc.).

The bare structure of a C program includes the following categories:

The first process that you need to go through when writing a “Hello World” program involves writing your first program and compiling it.

Variables and Data Types:

Knowledge regarding the different variable types that are available like integers, floating-point numbers, character, etc.

Declaring and initializing variables.

Basic arithmetic operations.

Control Flow:

Conditional statements (if-else, switch-case).

Control of experiments through looping structures such as for, while, do while.

Annotation of code using breaks and continues.

Functions:

Functions and their significance for calculating regularities.

Function declaration and definition.

Passing arguments to functions.

Returning values from functions.

Arrays and Strings:

Declaring and initializing arrays.

Accessing array elements.

Input-output (printf, scan, etc.), string manipulations (strcpy, strcat, strlen, etc.)

Multi-dimensional arrays.

Pointers:

What pointers are, why there are used, and how they and memory addresses?

Pointer arithmetic.

Pointers and arrays.

Malloc, calloc, realloc for dynamic memory allocation and free to free the memory space allocated dynamically.

Structures and Unions:

Defining and using structures.

Accessing structure members.

Nested structures.

Introduction to unions.

File Handling:

Reading and writing files from C (structuring, opening, accessing and closing).

Position(s) of the file (open, read-only, write-only or append)

Different methods, which should be implemented for error handling while processing the files.

Preprocessor Directives:

Significantly, one of the areas that most students face great trouble in is tackling pre-processor directives (#define, #include, #ifdef, etc.)

Taking advantage of macros throughout the program’s code to reduce code redundancy and increase signal-to-clutter ratio, thus improving code readability and maintainability.

Advanced Topics:

Recursion.

Enumerations.

Typedef.

Bitwise operations.

Command line arguments.

Best Practices and Tips:

Coding conventions and standards.

Debugging techniques.

Memory management practices.

Performance optimization tips.

Projects and Exercises:

Giving out a few Specific tasks and activities that come under the topic in question so as to ensure that the knowledge imparted is put into practice.

So if you’re looking for a project that will allow you to use C programming, the following are some suggestions to consider.

CONCLUSION:

All of these topics can be developed into full-scale articles, with various examples and subtopics further elaborated with actual code snippets and describes. To encourage the reader, they can also include quizzes or coding challenges at the end of each section for the reader to solve before moving to the next section. However, using the samples for download and the exercises which are usually included in the lessons make the lessons more effective.

[takeoffupskill253]

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C Language is one of the simplest or entry-level C Programming Language Courses, C Language has caused a direct impact on most of the C Programming Languages that have been derived from it and it is a fact that if you have to at least have some idea of what is C Language in order to at least tell off any language.

Hence, it is a very important must for getting complete knowledge of programming languages so that it may easily enter the world of development which is one of the most competitive and prestigious professions and highly paid jobs of the modern world. Therefore, if you want to start the process and learn the basics of C, you are welcome to start with some of the courses listed above.

Takeoff upskill Today we are going to discuss the 10 Best C Programming Courses for Beginners: these are some of the best to choose from; they provide you with good content for learning and at the same time when you complete the course you are awarded with a certificate. In conclusion, we might want to expand on all of them and maybe you will be able to make your choice as to which of the methods is the most helpful to you.

Takeoff upskill is still new to C programming language information, then, before pointing beginners to the best courses to take for C programming language.

Conclusion:

All of these topics can be built up into a whole article on their own, where the various examples can be expanded upon with actual code snippets, and where they can describe in detail more subtopics. For motivation, the authors can also include questions and sometimes coding problems that the reader solves before advancing to the next section. However, employing the samples for download and the exercises which are often a part of the lessons help to make the lessons efficient. Takeoffupskill, a leader in technology and business education, exemplifies these principles in its courses.

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[ezradaniel1]

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[fornaxter]

Xenia and Chujin are K&R friends

[bluemanedhawk]

#define A(...) for (int _a = (__VA_ARGS__), _0A #define _0A(...) _b = (__VA_ARGS__), _1A #define _1A(a, b) _c = 0; _c == 0; _c = !0) \ for (int a = _a; a <= _b; b a)

[fingors]

C — The Way It’s Written — Ranks & Bytes

This is part 2 in a series of posts about the C programing language, part 1 (and series details) can be found here

Well everyone, I hope you kept your copy of the free version of the standard from last time, 'cause that thing isn't going away any time soon. To give a quick rundown on what this part is going to cover, it's going to cover the rank of integer types, and it's going to go over the definition of a byte in the language and some of its consequences.

Rank

The “integer conversion rank” (6.3.1.1 p1, page 37) is a scale (or ranking) of all the integer types from _Bool to unsigned long long (and possibly implementation defined types). The definition effectively states that all integers have some rank, that the signed and unsigned version of a type have the same rank (and char’s rank equals that of its signed and unsigned versions), that a type with a greater precision (number of bits) will always have a greater rank than a lower one, and that even if two types have the same representation (ie. same width) one will always have a greater rank. It also gives us an outline of the rank of the fundamental (called the “standard integer types” in the document) integer types: _Bool, char, short, int, long, and long long, and it also handily gives us the info that any implementation defined types (such as say __int64) has a rank less than a corresponding standard type with the same rank (such as (possibly) long long). It also states that any implementation defined types with the same precision have some ranking between each other, this is important because it establishes a total order (any integer type’s rank is either less than or greater than any other type).

So what’s the deal with ranks? Well notice the full title contains “conversion”, ranks are very important for determining integer type promotion. Any type who’s precision (and as such rank) is less than an int will be transformed into an int (if its value would fit, unsigned int otherwise) when performing an arithmetic operation (add, sub, mul, div), a shift operation, a ‘sign’ operation (negation (- operator) or the + operator), or when passed “certain argument expressions” (usually var arg functions). Note this is simply a promotion in width only, the values contained within remain completely unchanged. What this means is that adding a char to a char will in fact actually become the addition of an int and an int.

Ranks are also very important for another conversion, arithmetic operations on differing types (6.3.1.8 p1, page 39). Firstly if one of the types in the expression is a floating point type long double, double, or float) then the other type is promoted to that floating point type (you don’t want to lose the fractional part just cause you added an int after all), but after that is where rank becomes important. If the types are the same nothing happens and the expression goes on as usual, but if the types differ then the type with the lower rank is promoted to the type with the higher rank (usually, there’s a caveat about precision that basically boils down to “if promoting it would cause signed data loss, then promote both types to an unsigned version”). What’s all this mean? Well it basically means that given any two types (say int and unsigned long long) any operation between them will cause the lower rank type to become the higher rank type (here the int becomes an unsigned long long).

These results are all bound to the definition of conversion (6.3.1.3, page 38). Long story short on that if you convert a signed type to an unsigned type then the value stored will have 2n (where n is the value bit width of the new type) added to it over and over until the result falls within range of the new type, however if you convert an unsigned type to a signed type and the value can not fit within the signed type its up to the implementation what happens (since its implementation defined it must be documented somewhere). Conversion also comes into play in a few other places, like assigning values of one type to another (ex. char to int) or passing arguments to functions (ex. passing an int value to a function expecting long).

Byte(s)

Ok this one is going to be a lot simpler (and more fundamental) than ranks, I’ve only put it after type introduction and ranks because it's easier to understand that way (at least for me, sorry if you find it otherwise).

Alright let’s get the big things out of the way first, a byte is simply defined as “addressable unit of data storage large enough to hold any member of the basic character set of the execution environment” (3.6, page 4), which just means it can hold all of the basic ASCII (printable) characters excluding ‘`’ (the backtick), ‘$’ and ‘@’ as well as some control characters like new lines and such. The other big thing is that a byte is at least 8 bits (5.2.4.2.1 p1, page 20), but can be more (there have been systems with 9 bit bytes before), and also that a char (and signed and unsigned versions) are exactly one byte, no more, no less.

The other thing is that any (non-bitfield) object (an object in C is defined in section 3 and is simply the value contained within some memory location) is composed of n continuous bytes (6.2.6.1 p4, page 34), meaning that the total width of the object in bytes is n multiplied by the number of bits in a byte. It also goes on to detail that any objects with the same bit pattern (except for floating point NaN values) will compare as equal, however not all objects that compare equal need to have the same bit pattern (ex. negative 0 and ‘normal’ 0).

Further down (6.2.6.2) we learn that any integer type (except unsigned char which is only value bits) can be divided into value bits (bits that contribute to the actual value of the number) and padding bits (bits that are just there to make the integer fill the full width of a n bytes), and that there need not be any padding bits. As expected an unsigned type can store any value between 0 and 2v-1, where v is the number of value bits, and a signed type can store between (at least) -2v-1 and 2v-1-1 (due to needing a sign bit).

All other objects have n bytes contained within them, however their usage of the bits will differ greatly depending on their use, for example floating point types need to divide their bits between sign, exponent, and mantissa, and structs use their bytes to hold other types and objects.

Conclusion

So that’s it, that’s ranks and bytes in the C programming language. Ranks determine how integer types combine together, and bytes make up every object in the language and determine their value.

Thank you for reading, once again I stayed up late to write this, except it's even worse since I have something critical tomorrow. If you have any comments, concerns, or ways to improve this series drop them in the replies.

[david-goldrock]

My program crashed for an hour or so and I tried to fix it

I finally fixed it

Twas a fucking compiler command gone bad

My code was good

FUCKKKKKKKKKKK

[fingors]

real genuine C stdlib function name:

mbsrtowcs

(and it’s C11 Annex K safe form: mbsrtowcs_s)

Multibyte String Restartable To Wide Character String (Safe)

dear c programmers, stop making functions have more than 2 underscores in their names. use camel case instead if your name needs more than 2 underscores

if your function prototype has more than 2 underscores, you have a massive skill issue and instantly are a terrible programmer (i don't have an underscore key dingus, learn how to name your darn functions)

edit: okie, im not that angy anymore. i take back that second paragraph (i know one of you got a bit annoyed x3)

[andmaybegayer]

Look I don't hate C you can write good code in C if you try and I understand the reasons for its popularity but so many people who don't know shit about C give insane made up reasons for why C is good. C is like if after world war 2 everyone decided to pattern every single gun on the sten because it was really easy to make. And now people retroactively were like actually the sten is the original gun and it's good because it interacts very closely with the bullet and has fewer moving parts. This is nothing, the sten is like that because it's cheap as fuck and when it breaks you can fix it in a burned out French cottage with some sheet metal and a rock and a cigarette.