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#but i have not encountered a single western romance novel to do that
kikis-writing-service · 8 months
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ironically im bad with words and putting my thoughts together
trying to properly conceptualize and put into words the ways in which western and eastern (specifically japanese and korean) romances differ in the way they're written. because every time i try to do traditional (western) plotting i get thrown off and i'm realizing its because i read and prefer eastern romances. and thats more of the kind of stories i want to write.
western romances are very very conflict driven. not to say that eastern romances don't have conflict. but like in western romances, if there isn't conflict to move the story forward then there is no story. but eastern romances have conflict and yet also take the time to let you just sit in the interactions and feelings. its hard to explain but its like western romances are rushing and loathe wasting time while eastern romances have no problem taking their time and lingering and meandering in order to let you take in the sights. theyre allowed moments of quiet. kinda like how ghibli films have moments of high energy and action, and then moments of quiet.
i know some of it is two do with the 3 act structure in western storytelling vs the 4 act structure in asian storytelling. but its weird in my brain cause im influenced by both and the 3 act structure is more ingrained in me because its been taught to me explicitly since childhood and its hard to just ignore. and i kinda wanna be able to merge the two in a way but i dont think im a good enough writer or have an organized enough head for that.
if any one knows of anything that talks about the 4 act structure or compares the differences in a comprehensive way, would be much appreciated
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I wouldn't mind that post on VNs!
So I was gonna write three different lists, but then after writing the first part I realized this is very long and takes a while to write and nobody cares anyway so I’ll just post my recommended list only. Well, I mean, you asked, but I doubt you wanted all this lol. Thank you for giving me an excuse to talk about this stuff, though. Hope you enjoy my ramblings!
An explanation for what this list is: Sometimes I know a game isn't perfect in many aspects but I still had a genuinely good time playing it, hence why I'm recommending it. Also I should mention that I could talk for hours about some of these games so if anyone’s curious about more of my thoughts, let me know.
Alright, now that that's out of the way ...
How to Take Off Your Mask / How to Fool a Liar King / How to Sing to Open Your Heart (f/m): This is a trilogy of smaller, single-RO games where you can take one of two routes depending on how you act, and they’re all interconnected where you get to meet and interact with the previous games’ characters in the sequel games. I went into this expecting very little but what I got blew me away with how funny, charming and cute the games were. They don’t take themselves too seriously, at one point an angsty male character monologues deeply about some shit, and another one just slides into frame and starts mocking him. It was so fucking funny, holy shit. Also, a central theme is literally racism against catgirls? Which is monumentally stupid, and probably the games’ main flaw, especially in the final game where it pairs up a catgirl with a catgirl racist, but that one still ends with a literal bisexual queen literally making a man her malewife because she fell in love with his cooking, so like ... It speaks for itself. My favorite game of the three is the second one, where you get to play a punchy fake catgirl and romance a pink-haired prince. And honestly, all the female protags in these games are lovely and a breath of fresh air, and the male characters are fun and not abusive assholes either. There’s full Japanese voice acting, and two out of three female protags are literal catgirls who pepper in “nya” and “mya” into their dialogue, and it’s just treated as a quirk of their catgirl race. I AM NOT KIDDING. Yet somehow it never comes off as cringe, because it doesn’t take it self too seriously. These games are just cozy. That’s the only way I can describe them. Cozy and hilarious. Play them yesterday. Dream Daddy (m/m): Man tumblr did this game dirty. This is just a cute, wholesome daddy dating simulator with gorgeous art. Coming out on Top (m/m): So you know Dream Daddy? What if it was EXTREMELY, MAJORLY NSFW? Though I realize how bad the comparison really is, the only thing these games have in common is that they’re gay dating sims and don’t have an anime art style and oh, yeah, they’re both really well-written. Or at least, extremely funny. COOT (heh) is DDADDS’ horny older cousin, and I first encountered the game on a lesbian letsplayer’s YouTube channel. Yes I watched a lesbian play a gay porn game and it was GOOD. I was there for the cringe and fun and got surprised by how genuinely funny and sometimes actually touching the game was. I can’t give it my universal endorsement because it’s not a game for everyone, as I said, it’s extremely NSFW and the menu theme literally includes the singers screaming “SEX SEX” at the top of their lungs. There’s more to this game than the porn, but there’s just so much porn. It can be censored in the settings but it’s unavoidable. However, I still think it’s worth a look just because of how funny it is and how charming the characters are. If you don’t want to play it yourself, at least watch Anima’s playthrough of it. It hasn’t aged super well in some spots but I still go back to it every now and then. Akash: Path of the Five (f/m): This game markets itself as a more “professionally produced” western dating sim, and that’s accurate in some superficial aspects. The game is pretty poorly written, but it’s absolutely gorgeous and has really good English voice acting by actual professional voice actors. The premise is quite self-indulgent, but I genuinely respect that about it. You play as the only female elemental in a village with only men, and all five of your classmates want a piece of you. It’s clear the writers have put some thought into the lore and worldbuilding of this world, but barely any of it comes through in the actual writing and plot, which is basically just a vehicle for you to get together with your boy of choice. The ROs aren’t very well-developed either, and the plot is the same in every route with only minor variations depending on which guy you pick, up to the point where the protag has the same voice lines in some parts regardless of which guy she’s talking about. It also has one extra half-route that’s so bad and pointless I genuinely wonder why they wasted resources on making it instead of spending a bit more on the writing/adding some variations to the main plot. So why am I recommending this game? Well, it’s pretty, and it sounds nice. This game is a himbo, gorgeous but dumb as rocks. Enjoy it for what it is. I know I did. Get it when it’s on sale, I think if I hadn’t gotten it at half-price I would’ve felt a bit more cranky about it. Also Rocco is bae. Mystic Destinies: Serendipity of Aeons (f/m): Yes that’s the full title, no I don’t know what it means either. You may have noticed how most of the games so far I’ve enjoyed because they don’t take themselves too seriously? Well, this one does. It takes itself SO FUCKING SERIOUSLY. Like, way too seriously. It’s a little embarrassing at points because baby, you’re an urban fantasy dating sim. Calm down. But the game has gorgeous art and 3 out of 5 routes are very good. The last route, the one with your teacher, is both the most problematic yet somehow the one that breaks down the very concept of a dating sim within its own narrative (yes, this shit gets fucking META) and it got so wild at the end that 1) I still listen to the soundtrack for that route and 2) I still remember it to this day despite finishing it ages ago. My favorite route is Shou, he’s a sweetheart, but the mindfuck route is so buckwild that I think the game is worth playing just for that. There’s also a route that’s like a neo-noir mystery? I Do Not Know. This game is many, many things and it does them so sincerely and tries so hard, you can’t help but respect it. It doesn’t always stick the landing but man, just let this thing take your hand and wax poetic at you for a bit. Also get this one at a sale because it’s very expensive to get the full version. I got it for 9 bucks on itch.io and I felt that was a fair enough price, I’d say I wouldn’t have minded paying more for it because there’s a lot of content to enjoy and/or be baffled by. Arcade Spirits: This one’s a bit more weird from what I recall, and I honestly couldn’t tell you much about it, but I remember having a very good time with it and recommending it to a friend when she was going through some tough times and she said it made her feel better. I remember it making me feel better, as well. This is a VN about an arcade and the ROs are wonderfully diverse, with very real human conflicts that get explored in each of their routes. It can get quite existential and heavy at times, but in the end it’s a kindhearted game that I think everyone can enjoy. The main character was also, how you say, mood. It’s a game about getting possessed by a video game and then learning self-love. Ebon Light (f/m): This one’s free/name your own price on itch.io so go play it. It’s a weird plot where you play as a girl who ate an elven relic? And then the elves kidnap you because you’re the relic now. All the ROs are extremely pasty (like, literally white, as in literally the color white) dark-haired elves, except for one, who’s an extremely pasty blond elf, so ... diversity? I honestly don’t know what this game is aside from unique. I used to be a bit put off by the art style but now I think it contributes to the general atmosphere. It’s a weird game that technically doesn’t do anything groundbreaking but still left an impression of “huh. weird” in my mind and I think more people should play it. The ROs are all pretty generic dating sim archetypes but done well, with bonus points to Duliae who’s just a massive creep and I love him, and also Vadeyn who’s the only bitch in this house I respect. The worldbuilding is honestly a bit buckwild and I can’t give enough credit for how unique the elves’ culture is in this game. Definitely give it a go. Hakuoki: Kyoto Winds / Hakuoki: Edo Blossoms (f/m): These two are newer releases of an older Japanese visual novel. I wouldn’t call it a dating sim, it’s ... it’s more of a super depressing historical fantasy epic with some minor romance aspects awkwardly wedged in. It’s seriously some of the heaviest and most grimdark shit I’ve ever played in a VN/otome. I don’t understand why it’s a dating sim, it doesn’t read like one, it’s just historical fantasy based on real world events with characters based on real people, and they kill and they die and they grieve and they suffer. The games are literally about the downfall of the Shinsengumi, there’s no way of avoiding everything going to shit and you get to watch and be in the middle of it all as they struggle to stay alive and relevant in a world that doesn’t need them anymore. And there’s the protag in the middle of it all, being useless and submissive and bland just the way the usual otome protag is. I don’t think these games are necessarily fun, and the romance is certainly a lot more downplayed and deeply problematic just based on the age differences alone with some of the men, but the sheer amount of horror and sadness in these games make them stand out above its peers. It’s like watching a war movie. Since most of the characters are based on real people, they feel like real people instead of the usual otome archetypes, and they are so, SO flawed, it’s interesting to just watch them deal with the shit the world throws at them. It’s an Experience, and if you’re up for it, I think it’s worth the time. Cinderella Phenomenon (f/m): This game is free on Steam so go get it. You play as a really, genuinely shitty princess who gets cursed to be poor and forgotten and she has to help one of the ROs break his fairy tale curse so that she can learn about being a good person herself and return to her normal life. This game doesn’t look like much, but it has a genuinely well-written main character who’s actually at the center of each of the stories and in the overarching plot instead of just being around to make eyes at the real protagonists, aka the love interests. Aside from the main character, my favorite part of this game’s writing is how each route slowly but very smoothly expands upon the overarching intrigue. If you play them in a certain order, you get more and more info revealed to you that you didn’t see in other routes, gaps are filled in as you find out more about what actually happened and why, but every route also stands on its own as a full experience and none is more canon than the rest. There’s also some really heavy emotional parental abuse explored, which I found quite potent at times. The romances themselves were alright, I think Karma and Waltz were my faves.
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echodrops · 6 years
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Ashitaka/San & Howl/Sophie?
Ashitaka/San:
vomit / don’t ship / okay / cute / adorable / perfect / beyond flawless / hot damn / screaming and crying / i will ship them in hell
It’s been a couple years since I watched Princess Mononoke, but man, Ghibli (and Hayao Miyazaki himself) just has a way of hitting all the right notes with their male/female character interactions that never feels old to me, maybe just because it’s so refreshingly different from how romances are portrayed in other media, Eastern or Western.
In particular, one thing that stands out about the romances, especially Ashitaka and San’s, is that they’re inherently tied to the plot of the movie itself. The two characters have to work together, to aid each other, in order to each achieve their goals, and it is with this mutual support (however begrudging), that understanding and love is fostered–this reverses the common Western plot line: boy meets girl, falls in love, overcomes challenges to be with girl and/or keep her safe. Ashitaka and San are equal agents in the plot who have their own, often conflicting drives and motivations, and their growing care for each other never diminishes their capacities to achieve those ends in any way.
It’s just good writing, folks.
Also:
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GETS ME EVERY TIME.
Howl/Sophie:
vomit / don’t ship / okay / cute / adorable / perfect / beyond flawless / hot damn / screaming and crying / i will ship them in hell
Having said all I just said about Ghibli films and romances, I’m actually not going to talk about the Ghibli version of Howl’s Moving Castle, because as lovely as its animation is, it’s actually not a very good adaptation of the novel, and the plot of the Ghibli movie is a bit of snarl that doesn’t make much sense at all. So instead I’m going to talk about the original Howl/Sophie from the novel, who should probably be held up as the poster children for the Tastes like Diabetes trope. 
Howl/Sophie are single-handedly the reason my entire friend group collectively redefined the term “shappy” to mean “The specific feeling one gets upon encountering an ending in a story that is blatantly and extremely sappy and yet nevertheless manages to make you deliriously happy, because of course the sappiest of all possible endings had to occur. Of course. It could have ended no other way.”
Howl’s Moving Castle is one of those situations where an author seems to have been gifted with a moment of inspiration that exceeds the limits most normal humans ever amass; Jones’ other books are nothing to sneeze at either, but in Howl’s Moving Castle, she struck the perfect balance between invention, intrigue, and comedy, such that the plot, and Howl and Sophie’s romance, concludes in a way seems beyond inevitable, with the only natural conclusion being that they will–and must–have a equally pleasing happily ever after.
What is so wonderful about Howl and Sophie is that the book initially seems to follow the stereotype of “ordinary girl meets mysterious man who changes her life entirely,” but then by the end of the novel, the story has completely flipped on its head: Howl isn’t a brooding mystery man of infinite magical power–he’s a lonely, washed-up ex-rugby player from Wales of all places, with terrible commitment issues and a literal, plot-driven reason for acting like a douchebag–while the “ordinary” girl from the beginning of the story turns out to not only have an iron will and a backbone of steel, but also one of the most incredibly potent magical abilities in the story.
In this way, despite the book overall being a young adult work, I always felt that Howl and Sophie had a very adult romance–or rather, their romantic plot line speaks to older readers whose struggles are with more subtle fears, like not living up to personal expectations, not being who our parents wanted us to be, and not amounting to what we should have been in this world. Howl and Sophie’s story is about two (relatively) young people learning that both of their world views are incomplete and that they both still have a lot of growing up to do.
It’s a book about magic, and political intrigue, and petty jealousy, and poetry–but even more so, it’s a book about how we all look different in other people’s eyes–how sometimes, all it takes to learn to love ourselves is to be found lovable by someone else.
I mean, the take away is either that or “Wow, Howl is pretty.”
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bifrostbookreviews · 6 years
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Review: She Would Be King by Wayetu Moore
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Rating : 5/5
Review below for post length:
Before I get into the review, I want to give a special thank you to Macmillian for giving me a copy of this book during the SIBA '18 trade show. This title was one of the top five books I wanted to get out of everything offered in the room and I'm super elated I got to snag it.
So, She Would Be King. I'd been dying to read it ever since I'd seen it on the cover of one of our Indie Picks monthly flyers. I was hooked by the title, but I was even more captivated by the story. Time for a quick, shade-throwing tangent. Little known reading fact about me: I have a pet peeve about the historical fiction genre. I feel like 95% of anything written that's historical fiction is about white western Europeans, or it's about black people being oppressed. Those are the options. It doesn't matter if it's a WWII novel, it doesn't matter if it's WWI, the Civil War, the 1950s, whatever: it's whitewashed, and if there are characters who aren't white, the story is definitely about how brutalized and oppressed they are. And there are obviously exceptions to this -just as there are obviously historically accurate reasons for this, I'm not arguing we should erase and re-write history - but in my opinion, there are so many other stories to tell from history. I get so annoyed when I go check out a historical fiction section and there's literally like one book about Asia, South America and Africa apparently don't exist, and apart from the 2 token books about the Russian revolution, there's nothing on northern or eastern Europe.
This is an opinion that I tend to hold close to the chest. If you love historical fiction of all types, I'm not going to stop you or try to fight you, or tell you you're racist if you like reading WWI books. By all means, there is nothing wrong with liking those books. My personal problem is I want more. I want the history outside of textbooks. I want to read about when black people had power. I want to read about Byzantium and stories about Vikings that aren't romances or mythologies, I want to be immersed in Mesopotamia, in the Congo, in Mongolia, I want to read about Simon Bolivar as much as I do about George Washington. I fervently desire to see books with all brown characters on the shelf next to books with the all-white cast and for me, personally, ignoring this discrepancy is something I can't just do. When there's a balance, yeah, I'll be OK reading western European / American historical fiction. When this gap exists, I can't.
For me, that's why She Would Be King is so amazing. This is NOT that standard 1800s narrative of "Oppressed Black People Stay Oppressed While White People Do The Things." This is the story of Liberia, the country founded by former slaves and the first African country during colonization to free themselves from European/American control.  It is astounding. The characters have so much depth, so much strength, and are so well-rounded. Their backgrounds are so different that listing them out sounds like the beginning of a joke - an indigenous witch, a free Jamaican mulatto, and an escaped slave from Mississippi walk into a bar and are narrated by the entity of wind itself - but despite their wildly different backgrounds, the language barriers, the various customs and cultural differences, this is a story of unity, of standing together and growing stronger within a new nation.
It gave me goosebumps from start to end. The magical realism used throughout this book is perfectly done; it's like a step up from Exist West and a step down from 100 Years of Solitude. If you're unfamiliar with magical realism, or you've encountered it once and you're not sure if you liked it, I would highly recommend reading She Would Be King just because Moore executes the technique so well, especially paired with using wind as the narrator. That's just really cool. I also want to touch on the accents for a minute. I personally hate reading accents and 99.9% of the time I don't think they add anything to the story--I am the girl who refuses to read Mark Twain just because he wrote colloquially and I get that annoyed about it. That said, Moore writes accents in the most beautiful, poetic way. She could have had literally every single character written in the Vai accent and I would have gobbled it up and asked for more.
So all in all, I'd highly recommend this book. It breaks barriers and has so many strong, unlikely characters. It details a part of history that you may not know about and didn't know you needed. The writing is magnificent. There's so much depth, richness, and representation. The ending will give you goosebumps. It’s absolutely a must-read.
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agawdilimsapasig · 6 years
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Holiday Break Reading List
A bunch of exposition to the actual reading list
WhatKamilReads on Youtube said that we humans are naturally hard-wired to have an affinity for patterns- whether through its recognition or utilization. At the same time, when our brains fall into the comfort of a pattern, that is when the cessation of growth begins-- within this said comfort zone.
This is an excellent articulation of the composite idea that several ideas I have been harboring for the past few months comprise of. These include the following: Growth is found in discomfort. If it is difficult and it is scary, then it is probably worth it. Never stop learning. Never an idle moment for the brain.  (Well, those are the major and relevant ones to this post.)
With this said, I do plan on engaging in several activities in the next couple of weeks of holiday break that enhance the quality of my cultural, psychological, literary, and philosophical knowledge. I hope to break free from growth-paralyzing patterns and comfort. 
These said activities include: watching an anime series and some movie recommendations from Art Appreciation class, reading a number of books, writing a short story for submission to the arts publication of my university, and getting the hang of Tumblr. 
Of course, I will expend effort, time, and energy to integrate these into daily life. However, what I will discuss in this post is my reading list for the holiday break. Realistically, I will probably not be able to get through all of these, but it’s a good starting point. Being even more realistic, I will more likely than not deviate from this list. But, oh well, I love making these lists, if only for the sake some variation of instant gratification with a mix of procrastination with an undercurrent of guilt. 
The actual list
 One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn)
Goodreads blurb: 
Discover the importance of a piece of bread or an extra bowl of soup, the incredible luxury of a book, the ingenious possibilities of a nail, a piece of string or a single match in a world where survival is all. Here safety, warmth and food are the first objectives. Reading it, you enter a world of incarceration, brutality, hard manual labour and freezing cold - and participate in the struggle of men to survive both the terrible rigours of nature and the inhumanity of the system that defines their conditions of life.
Now, I am just over 40 pages in. Although it is a short novel and I am agreeable with the writing style, the devil procrastinator in me keeps putting it off. Well, always in favor of other equally or only a degree less productive pursuits such as finishing Siege in Fog (OMYGOD another post in the making for my thoughts on this beauty) or housework (housemaid left, again, so gotta hustle). But that’s alright. I’m appreciating it so far. 
It’s not a comfortable read- it’s a cold one, literally. The way it is written- really makes you feel the Russian cold and the Soviet cold that freezes Ivan’s soul. This is my starting point in the voyage towards Russian literature- Russian art, in general. My ticket was my Art Appreciation class. My prejudgement of the Russians is that it is challenging, interconnected, and intellectually-engaging. Something that speaks to my soul. 2. Thousand Cranes (or) Snow Country (Yasunari Kawabata)
Goodreads blurb:
Snow Country:
Nobel Prize-winner Yasunari Kawabata's Snow Country is widely considered to be the writer's masterpiece, a powerful tale of wasted love set amid the desolate beauty of western Japan.
At an isolated mountain hot spring, with snow blanketing every surface, Shimamura, a wealthy dilettante meets Komako, a lowly geisha. She gives herself to him fully and without remorse, despite knowing that their passion cannot last and that the affair can have only one outcome. In chronicling the course of this doomed romance, Kawabata has created a story for the ages, a stunning novel dense in implication and exalting in its sadness.
Thousand Cranes: 
Nobel Prize winner Yasunari Kawabata’s Thousand Cranes is a luminous story of desire, regret, and the almost sensual nostalgia that binds the living to the dead.
While attending a traditional tea ceremony in the aftermath of his parents’ deaths, Kikuji encounters his father’s former mistress, Mrs. Ota. At first Kikuji is appalled by her indelicate nature, but it is not long before he succumbs to passion—a passion with tragic and unforeseen consequences, not just for the two lovers, but also for Mrs. Ota’s daughter, to whom Kikuji’s attachments soon extend. Death, jealousy, and attraction convene around the delicate art of the tea ceremony, where every gesture is imbued with profound meaning.
If I want to continue feeling the cold, since the weather is apt for such anyway, I will go on with Snow Country. However, if I want to relive the delicacy and subtlety of Siege in Fog, I will pick Thousand Cranes. Whichever tickles my fancy, I pick these because they are short books. I feel that lately I am gravitating towards thinner books for their convenience and efficiency. I get more out of less effort. 
The same aforementioned Art Appreciation class reignited my interest in Japanese literature. Maybe this time around, when I return to my Japanese literature travels, I am armed with a more mature understanding and appreciation.
3. Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury)
Goodreads blurb:
Guy Montag is a fireman. In his world, where television rules and literature is on the brink of extinction, firemen start fires rather than put them out. His job is to destroy the most illegal of commodities, the printed book, along with the houses in which they are hidden.
Montag never questions the destruction and ruin his actions produce, returning each day to his bland life and wife, Mildred, who spends all day with her television 'family'. But then he meets an eccentric young neighbor, Clarisse, who introduces him to a past where people did not live in fear and to a present where one sees the world through the ideas in books instead of the mindless chatter of television.
When Mildred attempts suicide and Clarisse suddenly disappears, Montag begins to question everything he has ever known.
Again, another short one. Right now, my brain is a sponge for new ideas and ready to read less realistic set-ups. Such was not the case before. Again, I feel that now, at this age, maybe my brain is more ready to absorb the ideas of this book. With this blog in arm, I can express my thoughts as well. That’s probably a more holistic way to approach my reading.
Some concluding sentiments
I am beginning to realize that I am the kind of reader that reads for the challenge and intellectual, experiential, emotional, and psychological gain. I started as an escapist reader but eventually realized that literature is probably more effective, profound, and lasting if it mirrors realities.  Writing this down so I may never forget.
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thecrushsblog · 5 years
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Elements of Novel Writing
Elements of Novel Writing
By Robert Waldvogel  |   Submitted On October 07, 2019
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   Elements of Novel Writing INTRODUCTION:
  A novel, often subdivided into sections, chapters, and scenes, and entailing expository, narrative, and narrative summary writing, creatively depicts a protagonist’s journey, usually fraught with obstacles and restrictions, toward a personal goal.
“All novels have similar elements,” according to Walter Mosley in his book, “This Year You Write Your Novel” (Little, Brown and Company, 2007, p. 97). “They have a beginning, middle, and end. They have characters who change, and a story that engages; they have a plot that pushes the story forward and a sound that insinuates a world.”
  THE NOVEL WITHIN:
  Sometimes intellect can be a hindrance or even a handicap. Countless people walk around, wishing they had the time and tenacity to write the novel they believe is already within them. Yet, when they actually sit down to write it, albeit it in first-draft form, they ponder numerous questions, such as, What should I write? I have an idea, but no one will like it. Let me think of what’s popular. Romances sell well, so it doesn’t take much to figure out that that’s the answer. Or is it?
If the author does not have a romance, a fantasy, a mystery, or a science fiction piece in him, they are not likely to come out of him, and, if a meek resemblance to one does, it is not likely to be accepted for publication.
  READERSHIP:
  Determination of what type of novel-or any other genre, for that matter-the author should craft, should, to a significant degree, hinge upon what he likes to read.
“Why should you write what you love to read?” poses Evan Marshall in his book, “The Marshall Plan for Novel Writing” (Writers Digest Books, 1998, pp 7-8). “First, because you’ve read books in a specific genre for so long, you’re aware of the kinds of stories that have been written in it… Second, your passion as a reader will translate into your passion as a writer.”
Readership, needless to say, is integral to the publishing process.
John Cheever expressed this author-reader duality when he said, “I can’t write without readers. It’s precisely like a kiss-you can’t do it alone.”
As a reader himself, the author should determine which types of novels he enjoys reading and why, perusing the book lists to see what has sold, what has been extensively covered, which books may be similar to the one he intends to write, and then decide if he can approach the same subject or topic with a fresh approach or perspective.
Fictional genres include action/adventure, fantasy, historical, horror, mystery, romance, science fiction, suspense, western, and young adult.
  NOVEL WRITING:
  Like the writing of any genre, whether it be nonfiction, drama, or short fiction, that of the novel is not a scientific one, but instead is a creative one. Aspects, techniques, and tips, in an educational vein, can help. However, the process itself involves an evolutionary one, during which the author writes, rewrites, crosses out, rewords, adds, and deletes. The more he persists in his literary efforts, the more, over time, that his expressions will reflect his intentions.
  PLOT POSSIBILITIES:
  Although plots may only be limited to the ways the author can creatively connect and interrelate the novel’s elements, they can emerge from the following eight aspects.
  1). The created protagonist or main character.
2). His goal, sparked by the inciting incident that sets the plot in motion.
3). His motivation for achieving that goal.
4). His strengths, weaknesses, and internal and external conflicts.
5). The antagonist.
6). The supporting characters.
7). The significant, sometimes seemingly insurmountable odds that oppose the protagonist’s quest.
8). How, when, and why he triumphs over the obstacles, leading to the novel’s climax and resolution.
  STRUCTURE:
  Novels, as already mentioned, have beginnings, middles, and ends. Their approximate lengths are as follows.
Beginning: A novel’s beginning roughly covers the first quarter of the book. It is here that the author illustrates the story’s situation and circumstances, introduces the protagonist and other significant characters, details the inciting incident that sets him on his quest, explains his motivations for pursuing it, and incorporates any necessary background information.
Middle: The middle encompasses half the book’s length. It is here that the writer illustrates the primary action of the protagonist’s story line, journey, and quest, along with any subplots and twists, complications, and surprises.
End: The end occupies the final quarter of the work. All of its story lines, particularly those of the protagonist, are resolved, the plot reaches its fever pitch in the climax, and there is a short denouement or resolution, highlighting how the protagonist himself may have changed because of his journey.
The novel’s third, or last section, should be the most intense, leading to its climax. It can be considered the satisfactory conclusion or payoff or reward for the reader who has followed the book’s literary journey, constituting “the moment he has been waiting for.”
As the section unfolds and the remaining pages indicate that the novel’s resolution must be nearing, the author can use several techniques to effectively craft it. It is here where the protagonist’s options become severely limited, as his avenues and strategies become virtually exhausted and the number of others he can turn to is just as minuscule in number. This ensures that he follows the only path left to him.
His oppositions also intensify and increase in number.
Finally, his last-desperate attempt seems doomed to failure.
When the protagonist has battled his internal and external conflicts, followed the path he believes would lead to his goal, and now stands face-to-face with his greatest obstacle, the book has reached its final showdown.
“A showdown is not necessarily violent or even physical,” according to Marshall (ibid, p. 121). “(It) could be a climactic courtroom confrontation, a nerve-jangling chase sequence, a bloody fist fight, a rundown of the facts before the suspects… or a quiet talk between your lead and her husband’s mistress. It all depends on your story.”
  OUTLINES:
  Because of the length, complexity, the number of characters, their interactions with one another, the incidents and actions, and the need to strategically and progressively present a novel in literary form, the creation of an outline can greatly facilitate an author’s effort in crafting one.
“No sane person would think of setting out to construct a skyscraper or even a one-family house without a detailed set of plans,” according to Albert Zuckerman in his book, “Writing the Blockbuster Novel,” (Writers Digest Books, 1994, p. 34). “A big novel must have the literary equivalents of beams and joints strong enough to sustain it excitingly from beginning to end, and it also must contain myriad interlocking parts fully as complex as those in any building type.”
  NARRATIVE VOICE:
  “The voice that tells the story is the first thing the reader encounters,” according to Mosley (op. cit., p. 17). “It carries us from the first page to the last. We, the readers, must believe in this narrative voice or, at least, we must feel strongly for that voice and have a definite and consistent opinion about it.”
  PROTAGONIST:
  The protagonist is the story’s central or main character. It is the one around which the plot revolves and to whom all the action and adversity is directed. It is the person who faces the obstacles and conflicts he must overcome to reach his goal.
Ideally, a story should have a single protagonist. He may not always be admirable-for example, he can be an anti-hero; nevertheless, he must command involvement on the part of the reader, or better yet, his empathy. He is the person in the story or book with whom the reader sympathizes or for whom he roots. Protagonists should be complex and flawed. They do not, by definition, need to be likeable, but they should be relatable and believable. The reader should understand their choices.
Although the protagonist’s physical appearance may be integral to the type of character the author creates and the role he plays in the story-from the stunning, attractive blonde to the six-foot-tall, 300-pound body guard to the mild mannered milk toast–his personality, strengths, and weaknesses, more than anything, determine how he or she will pursue his or her goals and what their motivations for doing so may be. It is that journey that the reader most follows, enabling him to care about, sympathize and empathize with, and feel for.
“If you want readers… to spend their precious time on your book, then you have to (create) a character who keeps them engaged,” according to Joanna Penn in The Creative Penn Limited. “This doesn’t mean that you need a goody-goody two shoes perfect person, but you do want to write a compelling, authentic protagonist that hooks the reader so he is desperate to know what happens next in the character’s world.
“Focus on three questions: What does your character want and why? What/who stops him? How does he overcome the obstacles along the way? (And) how is he changed as a result of the journey?”
“Readers remember a wonderful book’s characters long after they forget a story’s exciting scenes or even its climax,” advises Zuckerman (op. cit., p. 99). “Those characters who do stick in our minds over years and years appear in more than one way to be extraordinary.”
“(The author) has to let us see and share the longings, hopes, carnal desires, ambitions, fears, loves, and hates that reside privately within the soul of his characters and that (much as in life) other characters may know little or nothing about,” he continues (p. 99). “The writer must view the environment of the novel (both physical and human) through the eyes and sensibilities of the character.”
Yet, as also occurs in life, no journey can bear fruit if it does not somehow change the character or his perspective.
“All novels, short stories, and plays, and most poems, are about human transformation,” according to Mosley (op. cit., p. 40). “The subject of the novel is the human spirit and psyche-how the characters interact in their relationships with other souls and with the world in general.”
“As in life, your characters develop mainly because of their dealings with one another,” he further emphasizes pp 46-47). “The complex and dynamic interplay of relationships throughout the course of the novel is what makes change possible.”
  ANTAGONIST:
  The antagonist serves as the protagonist’s opponent and can often be considered the “bad guy” in the story, whose action arises from the conflict between the two. This is aptly illustrated in “The Wizard of Oz” in which the struggle between Dorothy and the Wicked Witch of the West plays out until she triumphs over her with her death and brings her broom to the wizard.
The antagonist does not have to be a person at all, but may be an animal, an inanimate object, or even nature itself. For example, the antagonist of Tom Godwin’s story, “The Cold Equations,” is outer space.
An antagonist should also be a “round character.” Simply making him evil is not as interesting as making him or her conflicted. Pure evil is difficult to believe in fiction, since people are multi-faceted and inspired by their own situations and back stories. Therefore, putting time into describing your antagonist and showing his or her own struggles will create a richer and more complex narrative. Just as a protagonist should not only be good, an antagonist should not only be bad.
  CONFLICT, CRISIS, AND STAKES:
  The crisis, or inciting incident, is integral to the novel, because it launches its plot trajectory. It must be appropriate to the genre and important, vital, crucial, and realistic enough so that the reader will follow it to its destination.
Conflicts can be considered the collective obstacles that oppose the protagonist in his quest to achieve his goal. They encompass two types: external-that is, human, natural, geographical, and physical, and internal-or character strengths, weaknesses, beliefs, and flaws.
The stakes can be considered the consequences or what lies on the line if the goal is not successfully achieved.
  MOTIVATIONS:
  Inciting incidents spark a protagonist’s journey toward a particular goal, but what is equally important to that goal is his motivation for pursuing it.
Behavior is like a language. It makes a statement about people, provided others possess the tools to “translate” it. Part of that translation entails the understanding of what lurks behind it-that is, what fuels it. If, for example, a person works hard to earn money, his motivations can include the need to pay his bills, the need to own expensive things, the need to own expensive things to prove his worth and perhaps superiority, and/or the need to camouflage feelings of low self-esteem and -worth. Similarly, a person who sits alone at a party could be in a bad or sad mood and therefore does not feel very social on the occasion, could be inherently shy, could lack social skills, and/or be unable to trust others and hence connect with them in any meaningful way.
Motivations bare the soul, demonstrating what a character wants, desires, and dreams about.
They both fuel behavior and either give the reader a reason to find out what they are or, if revealed and understood, give him insight into how they drive him. As he follows the character’s journey, he can often glean insight into his own.
PROVERBIAL SHOW, DON’T TELL:
Fiction, needless to say, recreates reality through action, dialogue, and character interchange, requiring the proverbial “show, don’t tell” delivery method.
“What you must always remember is that the novel is more experiential than it is informational,” according to Mosley (op. cit., p. 40). “Your reader might learn something, but most of what they learn is gained through what they are shown about the lives and circumstances of the characters therein.”
  PLOTS:
  Because writing principally informs, as it does in nonfiction, and entertains, as it does in fiction, readers invest their time in the process and hope to see a return on it after they have put the story or the book down. Plots engage, grip, and give the reader something to follow as they unravel. Most of all, they should sufficiently hold a reader’s attention so that he does not put the piece down until he has finished reading it.
Writing three pages about your garden, for instance, may provide a commune with nature and lend itself more to poetry than prose, but how compelling would it be, unless it is integral to the longer story?
Plots are comprised of tracks that lead from origin to destination, as experienced by the proverbial philosophy discussed in most writing classes: if the author introduces a gun on the first page of his story, it had better fire by the last page, or the writer should at least explain why it has not.
“All good writing is mystery writing,” according to Rebecca McClanahan in her book, “Word Painting: A Guide to Writing More Descriptively” (Writer’s Digest Books, 1999, p. 194). “And every successful story… and narrative essay is a page-turner… We may begin reading out of mild curiosity, to pass the time, but we keep reading to unravel the mystery. If there is no tension, we stop caring. When suspense dissolves, when the mystery is solved, we stop turning pages.”
“By holding back essential information, we arouse the reader’s curiosity and keep them reading,” advises Mosley (op, cit., pp 55-56). “Plot is the structure of revelation-that is to say, it is the method and timing with which you impart important details of the story so that the reader will know just enough to be engaged while still wanting to know more.”
Part of the mystery is not necessarily enabling the reader to find out what will happen. In “Titanic,” for instance, he or even the move-goer already knows. To them the mystery is following the plot and learning how the characters involved will survive and surmount the crisis, and how, if any, they will grow and develop as a result of it.
  SCENES:
  Scenes are the structured, inter-related links that enable the plot to unfold, which itself should have a beginning, a middle, and an ending. Like a mathematical formula, the elements should add up to a sum-the destination and resolution of the story. Plots can be considered contrivances about “interesting troubles” that the protagonist and supporting characters must experience, negotiate, surmount, extricate themselves from, and triumph over before arriving at their-and the story’s-destination.
“The scene is one of the most basic components from which every story is constructed,” according to Baechtel (op. cit. p. 71).
Events, physical actions, conversations, and interactions vividly occur so that the reader almost feels as if he is watching a movie or witnessing a live event.
A scene imitates life and convinces the reader of its occurrence. Seeing, as is said, is believing. This is the proverbial “show, don’t tell” of literature. Don’t tell me that Warren was crushed when he learned that he failed his final exam. Show me how his eyes widened into disbelief, how he tore up the paper, how he fell on to his bed, and how the tears dripped on to the pillow. The word “crushed” is then not needed. You, as an author, illustrated it and I saw it myself in my mind.
“Each scene must build on what has come before it, and provide a necessary bridge to what comes after it,” Baechtel continues (ibid, p. 123).
“A scene is an episode acted out by characters; it takes place in a particular place at a particular time,” according to McClanahan (op. cit., p. 194).
“To maintain suspense, we must alternate between scene and summary, showing and telling, and between braking and acceleration,” she concludes (p. 200).
“The setting up of a dominant, unresolved issue around which the novel’s characters have a huge stake is central to the plotting of a book as a whole,” according to Zuckerman (op. cit., p.123). “A similar technique in miniature can be vital to most individual scenes, the novel’s building blocks. In a blockbuster novel, a scene is almost always more than merely a well-written account in description and dialogue of an episode between characters.”
  SURPRISES AND TWISTS:
  Nothing keeps the reader more riveted to a novel than an unexpected revelation, surprise, turn-of-events, or twist, and these techniques equally re-energize a plot that begins to sag. For authors who ascribe to the three-part subdivision, surprises should ideally arise at the end of the first, or beginning section, and in the middle of and at the end of the second, or middle, one.
A surprise is a shocking, protagonist- and plot-changing event, which sheds new light on, but significantly opposes, his goal. It can include his discovery of something; an opposition by another character, particularly the antagonist; the revelation of new information that raises the stakes and intensifies his quest; and an event or circumstance that negatively impacts the path toward his goal.
Ideally, each of the three unexpected turns should be worse than the previous one and the last should virtually eliminate the protagonist’s chances of success.
  EMOTIONAL AND RATIONAL RESPONSES:
  As occurs in real life, characters in novels often respond both emotionally and rationally to situations. The first response occurs in the brain’s mid-section and enables the person to process the events through the spontaneous energy which is generated by them. The second takes place in the brain’s upper portion, which entails reasoning and executive functioning.
If a person is unexpectedly terminated from his place of employment, for instance, he may experience the following two reactions.
Emotional Response: Veronica was stunned. She flushed red. She was numb. Where did this come from? Oh, my God!
Rational Response: I’ll talk to my supervisor before I just accept this. I’m sure she has more information. Maybe there was a misunderstanding. And if I can’t fight this, there’s always unemployment compensation to tide me over and I have some money saved that’ll get me through this until I can find another job.
  SETTING:
  “‘Setting’ refers most obviously to place, but it is much more than this” according to Baechtel (op. cit., p. 79). “It is the physical, emotional, economic, cultural, even the spiritual ecologies within which our stories are constructed.”
Author Rebecca McClanahan expanded upon this in her book, “Word Painting: A Guide to Write More Descriptively” (op. cit.. p. 171). “Place is only one element of setting. The common phrase ‘The story takes place’ refers not only to the where of the story, but to the when. Setting grounds us, literally, in the fictional dream. And descriptions of setting provide the foothold, the physical and temporal vantage point from which to view the events of the story.”
In order to more fully understand a character, he must have a location which he interacts with and almost defines him.
“Setting affects their moods, guides, their actions, narrows their choices or widens them,” Beachtel continues (op. cit., p. 79). “It can be cast of malevolence, benevolence, or any state in between.”
“Readers… enjoy being introduced to exotic environments where, almost as tourists or students, they can observe and learn about customs, mores, rituals, modes of dress and etiquette, (and) social and business practices largely or wholly alien to those with which they are familiar,” advises Zuckerman (op. cit., p. 23).
  Elements of Novel Writing – THE FIVE FICTIONAL WRITING ELEMENTS:
  Fiction can include five writing elements:
1). Action
2). Summary
3). Dialogue
4). Feelings and Thoughts
5). Background
  ACTION:
  “Action is the mode fiction writers use simply to show what is happening at a given moment in the story,” according to Marshall (op. cit., p. 142). “In action mode, you show events in strict chronological order as they occur, you use action/result writing, and you never summarize events.”
While it may be questioned if event sequences occur chronologically, there are those that are only separated by nanoseconds, leading those experiencing them in real life to believe that several things are occurring simultaneously. A person who opens a door while his wife stands beside him and experiences an explosion, for example, may exclaim something while reclosing the door and shielding his wife, who, in a kneejerk reaction, throws her hands in front of her face and screams. The incident, taking place so quickly and perhaps beyond time, may seem as if everything occurs at once, but the person only exclaims after he opens the door and experiences the explosion. This, in turn, causes him to reclose it, and his wife only tries to protect her face after she becomes aware of it.
In order to maintain this cause-and-effect sequence, the novel writer should avoid words such as “while” and “as.” Instead, he should describe or illustrate the action in chronological order, such as, Darren opened his garage door and was met by an explosion. He immediately reclosed it and shielded his wife, who stood next to him. She threw her hands in front of her face and screamed.
If two actions do occur simultaneously, the author should use the present progressive form of the verb to illustrate this, as in “Derek waved at Sylvia, saying, ‘How have you been?'”
  DIALOGUE:
  Dialogue is the story’s engine: it propels it toward its destination. It turns paper into people. “… (It) has to help the machine that is story generate the story’s motive energy,” according to Baechtel (op. cit., p. 105). “(It) is not merely the words your characters utter; it is the subtle interplay of speech, gesture, expression, attitude, and even silence,” he continues (ibid, p. 120).
It serves several purposes;
1). It moves the story.
2). It conveys information-that is, relates what transpires.
3). It supports characterization-that is, how the story’s characters think, speak, believe, and perceive.
4). It can foreshadow events.
5). It can make these events more vivid when they do arrive.
6). It gives characters, and the relationships between them, life.
  FEELINGS AND THOUGHTS:
  Feelings, which should be expressed through character behavior and dialogue, can be supported with further mention, such as “The tears that flowed down Sarah’s cheeks after she learned of her husband’s affair were virtually unstoppable.”
Thoughts can provide additional understanding of a character’s mood, emotional state, and mind, such as, (to continue the above example), “It’s not just the hurt. It’s the secretive life! It’s the betrayal! It’s going through my heart like a knife.”
  BACKGROUND:
  Background information, which should be given sparingly and sporadically, provides understanding about events and people that may not be apparent or illustratable to the reader. However, it does not necessarily propel the story.
Article Sources:
Baechtel, Mark. “Shaping the Story: A Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Short Fiction.” New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
Marshall, Evan. “The Marshall Plan for Novel Writing.” Cincinnati, Ohio: Writers Digest Books, 1998.
McClanahan, Rebecca. “Word Painting: A Guide to Writing More Descriptively”. Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 1999.
Mosley, Walter. “This Year You Write your Novel.” New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2007.
Zuckerman, Albert. “Writing the Blockbuster Novel.” Cincinnati, Ohio: Writers Digest Books, 1994.
Article Source: https://EzineArticles.com/expert/Robert_Waldvogel/534926
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Elements of Novel Writing
Elements of Novel Writing
By Robert Waldvogel  |   Submitted On October 07, 2019
   Elements of Novel Writing INTRODUCTION:
  A novel, often subdivided into sections, chapters, and scenes, and entailing expository, narrative, and narrative summary writing, creatively depicts a protagonist’s journey, usually fraught with obstacles and restrictions, toward a personal goal.
“All novels have similar elements,” according to Walter Mosley in his book, “This Year You Write Your Novel” (Little, Brown and Company, 2007, p. 97). “They have a beginning, middle, and end. They have characters who change, and a story that engages; they have a plot that pushes the story forward and a sound that insinuates a world.”
  THE NOVEL WITHIN:
  Sometimes intellect can be a hindrance or even a handicap. Countless people walk around, wishing they had the time and tenacity to write the novel they believe is already within them. Yet, when they actually sit down to write it, albeit it in first-draft form, they ponder numerous questions, such as, What should I write? I have an idea, but no one will like it. Let me think of what’s popular. Romances sell well, so it doesn’t take much to figure out that that’s the answer. Or is it?
If the author does not have a romance, a fantasy, a mystery, or a science fiction piece in him, they are not likely to come out of him, and, if a meek resemblance to one does, it is not likely to be accepted for publication.
  READERSHIP:
  Determination of what type of novel-or any other genre, for that matter-the author should craft, should, to a significant degree, hinge upon what he likes to read.
“Why should you write what you love to read?” poses Evan Marshall in his book, “The Marshall Plan for Novel Writing” (Writers Digest Books, 1998, pp 7-8). “First, because you’ve read books in a specific genre for so long, you’re aware of the kinds of stories that have been written in it… Second, your passion as a reader will translate into your passion as a writer.”
Readership, needless to say, is integral to the publishing process.
John Cheever expressed this author-reader duality when he said, “I can’t write without readers. It’s precisely like a kiss-you can’t do it alone.”
As a reader himself, the author should determine which types of novels he enjoys reading and why, perusing the book lists to see what has sold, what has been extensively covered, which books may be similar to the one he intends to write, and then decide if he can approach the same subject or topic with a fresh approach or perspective.
Fictional genres include action/adventure, fantasy, historical, horror, mystery, romance, science fiction, suspense, western, and young adult.
  NOVEL WRITING:
  Like the writing of any genre, whether it be nonfiction, drama, or short fiction, that of the novel is not a scientific one, but instead is a creative one. Aspects, techniques, and tips, in an educational vein, can help. However, the process itself involves an evolutionary one, during which the author writes, rewrites, crosses out, rewords, adds, and deletes. The more he persists in his literary efforts, the more, over time, that his expressions will reflect his intentions.
  PLOT POSSIBILITIES:
  Although plots may only be limited to the ways the author can creatively connect and interrelate the novel’s elements, they can emerge from the following eight aspects.
  1). The created protagonist or main character.
2). His goal, sparked by the inciting incident that sets the plot in motion.
3). His motivation for achieving that goal.
4). His strengths, weaknesses, and internal and external conflicts.
5). The antagonist.
6). The supporting characters.
7). The significant, sometimes seemingly insurmountable odds that oppose the protagonist’s quest.
8). How, when, and why he triumphs over the obstacles, leading to the novel’s climax and resolution.
  STRUCTURE:
  Novels, as already mentioned, have beginnings, middles, and ends. Their approximate lengths are as follows.
Beginning: A novel’s beginning roughly covers the first quarter of the book. It is here that the author illustrates the story’s situation and circumstances, introduces the protagonist and other significant characters, details the inciting incident that sets him on his quest, explains his motivations for pursuing it, and incorporates any necessary background information.
Middle: The middle encompasses half the book’s length. It is here that the writer illustrates the primary action of the protagonist’s story line, journey, and quest, along with any subplots and twists, complications, and surprises.
End: The end occupies the final quarter of the work. All of its story lines, particularly those of the protagonist, are resolved, the plot reaches its fever pitch in the climax, and there is a short denouement or resolution, highlighting how the protagonist himself may have changed because of his journey.
The novel’s third, or last section, should be the most intense, leading to its climax. It can be considered the satisfactory conclusion or payoff or reward for the reader who has followed the book’s literary journey, constituting “the moment he has been waiting for.”
As the section unfolds and the remaining pages indicate that the novel’s resolution must be nearing, the author can use several techniques to effectively craft it. It is here where the protagonist’s options become severely limited, as his avenues and strategies become virtually exhausted and the number of others he can turn to is just as minuscule in number. This ensures that he follows the only path left to him.
His oppositions also intensify and increase in number.
Finally, his last-desperate attempt seems doomed to failure.
When the protagonist has battled his internal and external conflicts, followed the path he believes would lead to his goal, and now stands face-to-face with his greatest obstacle, the book has reached its final showdown.
“A showdown is not necessarily violent or even physical,” according to Marshall (ibid, p. 121). “(It) could be a climactic courtroom confrontation, a nerve-jangling chase sequence, a bloody fist fight, a rundown of the facts before the suspects… or a quiet talk between your lead and her husband’s mistress. It all depends on your story.”
  OUTLINES:
  Because of the length, complexity, the number of characters, their interactions with one another, the incidents and actions, and the need to strategically and progressively present a novel in literary form, the creation of an outline can greatly facilitate an author’s effort in crafting one.
“No sane person would think of setting out to construct a skyscraper or even a one-family house without a detailed set of plans,” according to Albert Zuckerman in his book, “Writing the Blockbuster Novel,” (Writers Digest Books, 1994, p. 34). “A big novel must have the literary equivalents of beams and joints strong enough to sustain it excitingly from beginning to end, and it also must contain myriad interlocking parts fully as complex as those in any building type.”
  NARRATIVE VOICE:
  “The voice that tells the story is the first thing the reader encounters,” according to Mosley (op. cit., p. 17). “It carries us from the first page to the last. We, the readers, must believe in this narrative voice or, at least, we must feel strongly for that voice and have a definite and consistent opinion about it.”
  PROTAGONIST:
  The protagonist is the story’s central or main character. It is the one around which the plot revolves and to whom all the action and adversity is directed. It is the person who faces the obstacles and conflicts he must overcome to reach his goal.
Ideally, a story should have a single protagonist. He may not always be admirable-for example, he can be an anti-hero; nevertheless, he must command involvement on the part of the reader, or better yet, his empathy. He is the person in the story or book with whom the reader sympathizes or for whom he roots. Protagonists should be complex and flawed. They do not, by definition, need to be likeable, but they should be relatable and believable. The reader should understand their choices.
Although the protagonist’s physical appearance may be integral to the type of character the author creates and the role he plays in the story-from the stunning, attractive blonde to the six-foot-tall, 300-pound body guard to the mild mannered milk toast–his personality, strengths, and weaknesses, more than anything, determine how he or she will pursue his or her goals and what their motivations for doing so may be. It is that journey that the reader most follows, enabling him to care about, sympathize and empathize with, and feel for.
“If you want readers… to spend their precious time on your book, then you have to (create) a character who keeps them engaged,” according to Joanna Penn in The Creative Penn Limited. “This doesn’t mean that you need a goody-goody two shoes perfect person, but you do want to write a compelling, authentic protagonist that hooks the reader so he is desperate to know what happens next in the character’s world.
“Focus on three questions: What does your character want and why? What/who stops him? How does he overcome the obstacles along the way? (And) how is he changed as a result of the journey?”
“Readers remember a wonderful book’s characters long after they forget a story’s exciting scenes or even its climax,” advises Zuckerman (op. cit., p. 99). “Those characters who do stick in our minds over years and years appear in more than one way to be extraordinary.”
“(The author) has to let us see and share the longings, hopes, carnal desires, ambitions, fears, loves, and hates that reside privately within the soul of his characters and that (much as in life) other characters may know little or nothing about,” he continues (p. 99). “The writer must view the environment of the novel (both physical and human) through the eyes and sensibilities of the character.”
Yet, as also occurs in life, no journey can bear fruit if it does not somehow change the character or his perspective.
“All novels, short stories, and plays, and most poems, are about human transformation,” according to Mosley (op. cit., p. 40). “The subject of the novel is the human spirit and psyche-how the characters interact in their relationships with other souls and with the world in general.”
“As in life, your characters develop mainly because of their dealings with one another,” he further emphasizes pp 46-47). “The complex and dynamic interplay of relationships throughout the course of the novel is what makes change possible.”
  ANTAGONIST:
  The antagonist serves as the protagonist’s opponent and can often be considered the “bad guy” in the story, whose action arises from the conflict between the two. This is aptly illustrated in “The Wizard of Oz” in which the struggle between Dorothy and the Wicked Witch of the West plays out until she triumphs over her with her death and brings her broom to the wizard.
The antagonist does not have to be a person at all, but may be an animal, an inanimate object, or even nature itself. For example, the antagonist of Tom Godwin’s story, “The Cold Equations,” is outer space.
An antagonist should also be a “round character.” Simply making him evil is not as interesting as making him or her conflicted. Pure evil is difficult to believe in fiction, since people are multi-faceted and inspired by their own situations and back stories. Therefore, putting time into describing your antagonist and showing his or her own struggles will create a richer and more complex narrative. Just as a protagonist should not only be good, an antagonist should not only be bad.
  CONFLICT, CRISIS, AND STAKES:
  The crisis, or inciting incident, is integral to the novel, because it launches its plot trajectory. It must be appropriate to the genre and important, vital, crucial, and realistic enough so that the reader will follow it to its destination.
Conflicts can be considered the collective obstacles that oppose the protagonist in his quest to achieve his goal. They encompass two types: external-that is, human, natural, geographical, and physical, and internal-or character strengths, weaknesses, beliefs, and flaws.
The stakes can be considered the consequences or what lies on the line if the goal is not successfully achieved.
  MOTIVATIONS:
  Inciting incidents spark a protagonist’s journey toward a particular goal, but what is equally important to that goal is his motivation for pursuing it.
Behavior is like a language. It makes a statement about people, provided others possess the tools to “translate” it. Part of that translation entails the understanding of what lurks behind it-that is, what fuels it. If, for example, a person works hard to earn money, his motivations can include the need to pay his bills, the need to own expensive things, the need to own expensive things to prove his worth and perhaps superiority, and/or the need to camouflage feelings of low self-esteem and -worth. Similarly, a person who sits alone at a party could be in a bad or sad mood and therefore does not feel very social on the occasion, could be inherently shy, could lack social skills, and/or be unable to trust others and hence connect with them in any meaningful way.
Motivations bare the soul, demonstrating what a character wants, desires, and dreams about.
They both fuel behavior and either give the reader a reason to find out what they are or, if revealed and understood, give him insight into how they drive him. As he follows the character’s journey, he can often glean insight into his own.
PROVERBIAL SHOW, DON’T TELL:
Fiction, needless to say, recreates reality through action, dialogue, and character interchange, requiring the proverbial “show, don’t tell” delivery method.
“What you must always remember is that the novel is more experiential than it is informational,” according to Mosley (op. cit., p. 40). “Your reader might learn something, but most of what they learn is gained through what they are shown about the lives and circumstances of the characters therein.”
  PLOTS:
  Because writing principally informs, as it does in nonfiction, and entertains, as it does in fiction, readers invest their time in the process and hope to see a return on it after they have put the story or the book down. Plots engage, grip, and give the reader something to follow as they unravel. Most of all, they should sufficiently hold a reader’s attention so that he does not put the piece down until he has finished reading it.
Writing three pages about your garden, for instance, may provide a commune with nature and lend itself more to poetry than prose, but how compelling would it be, unless it is integral to the longer story?
Plots are comprised of tracks that lead from origin to destination, as experienced by the proverbial philosophy discussed in most writing classes: if the author introduces a gun on the first page of his story, it had better fire by the last page, or the writer should at least explain why it has not.
“All good writing is mystery writing,” according to Rebecca McClanahan in her book, “Word Painting: A Guide to Writing More Descriptively” (Writer’s Digest Books, 1999, p. 194). “And every successful story… and narrative essay is a page-turner… We may begin reading out of mild curiosity, to pass the time, but we keep reading to unravel the mystery. If there is no tension, we stop caring. When suspense dissolves, when the mystery is solved, we stop turning pages.”
“By holding back essential information, we arouse the reader’s curiosity and keep them reading,” advises Mosley (op, cit., pp 55-56). “Plot is the structure of revelation-that is to say, it is the method and timing with which you impart important details of the story so that the reader will know just enough to be engaged while still wanting to know more.”
Part of the mystery is not necessarily enabling the reader to find out what will happen. In “Titanic,” for instance, he or even the move-goer already knows. To them the mystery is following the plot and learning how the characters involved will survive and surmount the crisis, and how, if any, they will grow and develop as a result of it.
  SCENES:
  Scenes are the structured, inter-related links that enable the plot to unfold, which itself should have a beginning, a middle, and an ending. Like a mathematical formula, the elements should add up to a sum-the destination and resolution of the story. Plots can be considered contrivances about “interesting troubles” that the protagonist and supporting characters must experience, negotiate, surmount, extricate themselves from, and triumph over before arriving at their-and the story’s-destination.
“The scene is one of the most basic components from which every story is constructed,” according to Baechtel (op. cit. p. 71).
Events, physical actions, conversations, and interactions vividly occur so that the reader almost feels as if he is watching a movie or witnessing a live event.
A scene imitates life and convinces the reader of its occurrence. Seeing, as is said, is believing. This is the proverbial “show, don’t tell” of literature. Don’t tell me that Warren was crushed when he learned that he failed his final exam. Show me how his eyes widened into disbelief, how he tore up the paper, how he fell on to his bed, and how the tears dripped on to the pillow. The word “crushed” is then not needed. You, as an author, illustrated it and I saw it myself in my mind.
“Each scene must build on what has come before it, and provide a necessary bridge to what comes after it,” Baechtel continues (ibid, p. 123).
“A scene is an episode acted out by characters; it takes place in a particular place at a particular time,” according to McClanahan (op. cit., p. 194).
“To maintain suspense, we must alternate between scene and summary, showing and telling, and between braking and acceleration,” she concludes (p. 200).
“The setting up of a dominant, unresolved issue around which the novel’s characters have a huge stake is central to the plotting of a book as a whole,” according to Zuckerman (op. cit., p.123). “A similar technique in miniature can be vital to most individual scenes, the novel’s building blocks. In a blockbuster novel, a scene is almost always more than merely a well-written account in description and dialogue of an episode between characters.”
  SURPRISES AND TWISTS:
  Nothing keeps the reader more riveted to a novel than an unexpected revelation, surprise, turn-of-events, or twist, and these techniques equally re-energize a plot that begins to sag. For authors who ascribe to the three-part subdivision, surprises should ideally arise at the end of the first, or beginning section, and in the middle of and at the end of the second, or middle, one.
A surprise is a shocking, protagonist- and plot-changing event, which sheds new light on, but significantly opposes, his goal. It can include his discovery of something; an opposition by another character, particularly the antagonist; the revelation of new information that raises the stakes and intensifies his quest; and an event or circumstance that negatively impacts the path toward his goal.
Ideally, each of the three unexpected turns should be worse than the previous one and the last should virtually eliminate the protagonist’s chances of success.
  EMOTIONAL AND RATIONAL RESPONSES:
  As occurs in real life, characters in novels often respond both emotionally and rationally to situations. The first response occurs in the brain’s mid-section and enables the person to process the events through the spontaneous energy which is generated by them. The second takes place in the brain’s upper portion, which entails reasoning and executive functioning.
If a person is unexpectedly terminated from his place of employment, for instance, he may experience the following two reactions.
Emotional Response: Veronica was stunned. She flushed red. She was numb. Where did this come from? Oh, my God!
Rational Response: I’ll talk to my supervisor before I just accept this. I’m sure she has more information. Maybe there was a misunderstanding. And if I can’t fight this, there’s always unemployment compensation to tide me over and I have some money saved that’ll get me through this until I can find another job.
  SETTING:
  “‘Setting’ refers most obviously to place, but it is much more than this” according to Baechtel (op. cit., p. 79). “It is the physical, emotional, economic, cultural, even the spiritual ecologies within which our stories are constructed.”
Author Rebecca McClanahan expanded upon this in her book, “Word Painting: A Guide to Write More Descriptively” (op. cit.. p. 171). “Place is only one element of setting. The common phrase ‘The story takes place’ refers not only to the where of the story, but to the when. Setting grounds us, literally, in the fictional dream. And descriptions of setting provide the foothold, the physical and temporal vantage point from which to view the events of the story.”
In order to more fully understand a character, he must have a location which he interacts with and almost defines him.
“Setting affects their moods, guides, their actions, narrows their choices or widens them,” Beachtel continues (op. cit., p. 79). “It can be cast of malevolence, benevolence, or any state in between.”
“Readers… enjoy being introduced to exotic environments where, almost as tourists or students, they can observe and learn about customs, mores, rituals, modes of dress and etiquette, (and) social and business practices largely or wholly alien to those with which they are familiar,” advises Zuckerman (op. cit., p. 23).
    Elements of Novel Writing – THE FIVE FICTIONAL WRITING ELEMENTS:
  Fiction can include five writing elements:
1). Action
2). Summary
3). Dialogue
4). Feelings and Thoughts
5). Background
  ACTION:
  “Action is the mode fiction writers use simply to show what is happening at a given moment in the story,” according to Marshall (op. cit., p. 142). “In action mode, you show events in strict chronological order as they occur, you use action/result writing, and you never summarize events.”
While it may be questioned if event sequences occur chronologically, there are those that are only separated by nanoseconds, leading those experiencing them in real life to believe that several things are occurring simultaneously. A person who opens a door while his wife stands beside him and experiences an explosion, for example, may exclaim something while reclosing the door and shielding his wife, who, in a kneejerk reaction, throws her hands in front of her face and screams. The incident, taking place so quickly and perhaps beyond time, may seem as if everything occurs at once, but the person only exclaims after he opens the door and experiences the explosion. This, in turn, causes him to reclose it, and his wife only tries to protect her face after she becomes aware of it.
In order to maintain this cause-and-effect sequence, the novel writer should avoid words such as “while” and “as.” Instead, he should describe or illustrate the action in chronological order, such as, Darren opened his garage door and was met by an explosion. He immediately reclosed it and shielded his wife, who stood next to him. She threw her hands in front of her face and screamed.
If two actions do occur simultaneously, the author should use the present progressive form of the verb to illustrate this, as in “Derek waved at Sylvia, saying, ‘How have you been?'”
  DIALOGUE:
  Dialogue is the story’s engine: it propels it toward its destination. It turns paper into people. “… (It) has to help the machine that is story generate the story’s motive energy,” according to Baechtel (op. cit., p. 105). “(It) is not merely the words your characters utter; it is the subtle interplay of speech, gesture, expression, attitude, and even silence,” he continues (ibid, p. 120).
It serves several purposes;
1). It moves the story.
2). It conveys information-that is, relates what transpires.
3). It supports characterization-that is, how the story’s characters think, speak, believe, and perceive.
4). It can foreshadow events.
5). It can make these events more vivid when they do arrive.
6). It gives characters, and the relationships between them, life.
  FEELINGS AND THOUGHTS:
  Feelings, which should be expressed through character behavior and dialogue, can be supported with further mention, such as “The tears that flowed down Sarah’s cheeks after she learned of her husband’s affair were virtually unstoppable.”
Thoughts can provide additional understanding of a character’s mood, emotional state, and mind, such as, (to continue the above example), “It’s not just the hurt. It’s the secretive life! It’s the betrayal! It’s going through my heart like a knife.”
  BACKGROUND:
  Background information, which should be given sparingly and sporadically, provides understanding about events and people that may not be apparent or illustratable to the reader. However, it does not necessarily propel the story.
Article Sources:
Baechtel, Mark. “Shaping the Story: A Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Short Fiction.” New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
Marshall, Evan. “The Marshall Plan for Novel Writing.” Cincinnati, Ohio: Writers Digest Books, 1998.
McClanahan, Rebecca. “Word Painting: A Guide to Writing More Descriptively”. Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer’s Digest Books, 1999.
Mosley, Walter. “This Year You Write your Novel.” New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2007.
Zuckerman, Albert. “Writing the Blockbuster Novel.” Cincinnati, Ohio: Writers Digest Books, 1994.
Article Source: https://EzineArticles.com/expert/Robert_Waldvogel/534926
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This past January I had the opportunity to cross off another item on my bucket list. My husband and I moved and I arranged for a local medium to do a blessing of our new home. Boy, did I get my money’s worth.
My love of history and fascination with the spirit world has led me to take many ghost tours, but much to my disappointment I’ve never had the pleasure of encountering a ghost.
Tombstone, Arizona
San Diego, California
Globe, Arizona
Having our new home blessed was the first time I came in contact with a medium. The medium went through the new house and said the kitchen and the master bedroom had a lot of negative energy. I wasn’t surprised because a few days earlier I had spoken with my new neighbor and learned the previous owners had gone through a nasty divorce. After the medium blessed the rooms with prayers and sage, she sprinkled salt around the doorways and the boundary of the property to help keep negative energy out.
I specifically asked the medium if she sensed anyone had passed away in the house or if there were pets buried on the property. Thankfully no one had died there and no animals were buried in the yard.
Things grew more interesting after the medium finished the blessing. She asked if I had family photos she could look at. As a matter of fact I did! The day before I brought over a box of old black-and-white photos of deceased relatives. I set the framed photos on the kitchen island and after studying them the medium pointed to one and said—“That’s her.”
“What do you mean?” I asked.
“That woman is here with us now.” The medium pointed to a photo of my paternal grandmother who had passed away when I was only eight years old.
“She wants you to know that she’s your guardian angel,” the medium said.
The medium went on to tell me that my grandmother has been a huge influence in my life, guiding my decisions and actions. It’s then that I began making connections between my grandmother and my career writing western romances.
Before my grandmother died, I was too young to have had long conversations with her, and I rarely spent time alone with her. Yet, out of all the female grandchildren, I’m the one who looks most like her. Not that many years ago I learned that my grandmother grew up in Wyoming. She became a nanny and worked for a wealthy family who owned a ranch. She learned to ride a horse and spent her free time reading dime romance novels. I learned that she’d once been engaged to a rancher before meeting my grandfather and breaking off the engagement. My eldest cousin had been closer to my grandmother and has read all of my books. She said she sees bits and pieces of my grandmother’s personality in my heroines. I’m left to wonder if my grandmother has been by my side helping me write my stories all these years.
Believers and nonbelievers have all kinds of explanations for the spirit world, but I thoroughly enjoyed the house-blessing experience and I choose to believe my grandmother has been guiding my writing career... because it makes me happy.
Have you ever wondered if one of your deceased relatives has been guiding you through life?
Until the next time we Flamingle …stay well!
Marin
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