#buildworlding

[worldwise-randomide]

Popplio - What is something you are constantly working on to improve?

The world. It sounds pretentious as arceus but like. I am a Champion. I am a celebrity. I could have stepped out of the spotlight but I didn’t because I like being a Champion. But I feel like I can’t just enjoy the life without using what I can from it if that makes sense? Like…

My world is still rebuilding. People are happy with where it is for the most part. They have gotten it there. We have by not letting it fully go back to how it was, taking advantage of the clean slate. But there are people who want it back. As it was or even worse. So we need to keep celebrating how good we made it, how much better it is than how it could be, and that we will fight to keep this. Us with platforms constantly share this, and it is constant. One of my best friends is a huge defender and livestreams it all, all the slight threats they make might be harsh or seem edgy but if it keeps those in power in line like they’re really trying not to…..

I’m very glad I made this sideblog. I would not put this on main to save my life.

[sheltiechicago]

Markthal, Netherlands

Image credits: Buildworld

[mapsontheweb]

The Tallest Skyline in Every Country

As cities around the world continue to extend outward, some cities have opted to grow upwards - filling their skylines with towering skyscrapers.  

But which cities boast the tallest skylines?

This new study from Buildworld analyzed 100,000+ skyscrapers around the world in order to reveal the tallest skylines in every country.

Source: https://www.buildworld.co.uk/blog/archives/tallest-skylines

[egelwan]

The Ugliest Buildings in the World

‘Buildworld curated a long list of buildings from around the world, the UK and the U.S. that are often said to be ugly. We identified all the design-themed tweets about these buildings on Twitter. Then we used a sentiment analysis tool called HuggingFace to analyse the percentage of tweets that were negative about each building’s design.Key Findings:The Scottish Parliament Building in Edinburgh…

[luiz-c-ribeiro]

New York sunrise behind the Brooklyn Bridge and some other scenes around the bridge. Photo 5 shows the Verizon Building that accordingly to BuildWorld is the third ugliest building in the entire world. Shot while on assignment for @nydailynews #nydailynews #onassignment #manhattan @verizonnews @downtownnyc #southstreetseaport #brooklynbridge #sunrisephotography #brooklyn (at New York, New York) https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn0DcANutIp/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[continuation]

FreeBSD 13.1/BBR/KTLS

内核定制

找一个高配机器编译内核，我这里恰好有台 FreeBSD 12.3。

git clone --branch releng/13.1 下来一定要先 make buildworld，用比如 -j64 加速。 根据 lightsail 最低配的 GENERIC dmesg，内核配置 device 几乎可以全删，最重要是留下 Bus、基础 IO 和 Xen 相关的行，options 按需修改（GEOM_LABEL不能删、要用到 KTLS 的话也不能删）。当然如果还想压缩时间，可以把 Wi-Fi、ZFS、蓝牙什么的都配在 src.conf 里面。

如果用到某些 Go 写的工具，一定要留着（我把其余的COMPAT都删了）：

options COMPAT_FREEBSD11 # Compatible with FreeBSD11 options COMPAT_FREEBSD12 # Compatible with FreeBSD12

不然 Go runtime 会报错：

runtime: kevent failed with 78 fatal error: runtime: kevent failed goroutine 1 [running, locked to thread]: runtime.throw({0x1098263?, 0xc000119798?}) runtime/panic.go:1047 +0x5d fp=0xc000119740 sp=0xc000119710 pc=0x436b3d runtime.netpollinit()

FreeBSD 12.0 or later requires a kernel with the COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option set

FreeBSD 13.0+ will require a kernel with the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option set

加入 BBR 相关配置

makeoptions WITH_EXTRA_TCP_STACKS=1 options TCPHPTS options RATELIMIT # TX rate limiting support 可加可不加，主要看硬件支持

安装启用新内核

继续 buildkernel，计时 118 秒结束之后 installkernel KODIR=/boot/kernel.lightsail；接着把内核打包搬到 lightsail 实例上。比如 tar -C /boot -xjvf kernel.lightsail.tbz，如此这般压缩、scp、然后解压。

顺便看了下，改出来的 kernel 只有 8m 左右。

# reboot -k /boot/kernel.lightsail

GENERIC 仍旧位于 /boot/kernel，boot 起不来直接强制去 Web 控制台上重启即可，应该不至于要走到重建实例这一步。

BBR 设置

启动完毕加载 tcp_bbr、设置 functions_default。tcp.cc.algorithm 可以留着 newreno，或者改成 htcp，我暂时没搞清楚这个和新版 tcp stack 混用的效果。

nginx + KTLS

版本：

nginx version: nginx/1.22.0 built with OpenSSL 1.1.1o-freebsd 3 May 2022

FreeBSD 13.1 已经默认对 base 的 OpenSSL 和内核全面开启了 KTLS，用 pkg 安装的 nginx 也不用自己重新折腾。

# kldload ktls_ocf.ko # sysctl kern.ipc.tls.enable=1

nginx.conf 里面加上：

ssl_conf_command Options KTLS;

这篇文章可谓是“成也萧何败也萧何”，当时用这个方法正确，但是现在（只对 FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p2 负责）看来少了一步：

kern.ipc.mb_use_ext_pgs: Use unmapped mbufs for sendfile(2) and TLS offload

确认一下：

# sysctl kern.ipc.mb_use_ext_pgs kern.ipc.mb_use_ext_pgs: 1

nginx 官方博客里面教的这个检查 KTLS 到底有没有生效，比如 grep nginx debug 日志，没有发现 SSL_sendfile: 8192 / BIO_get_ktls_send(): 1 是正常的，原因就是没有设置上面的 sysctl。

完成所有配置之后我还拿 port 编译了一个带 debug 的 nginx 验证了一下，可以了。

配置这些有一大部分原因是跑上网工具��现在网上有大把指南和 nginx 配置可以抄，对于普通用户其实我还是建议复制人家能用过来就行（不信？搜索一下就能看见不少类似“我改了A设置怎么感觉没生效”的问题）。追求细节一点的就要分清楚自己流量的特征，比如主要是为了 Netflix streaming，还是网页浏览。当然途中还可能碰见例如 TLS 0-RTT、TCP FastOpen、Multiplexer 这类，不要盲目 enable/disable，改完配置记得测试一下是不是真符合自身需求。

其他

要看到底有没有生效其实还有下面这个方法：

kern.ipc.tls.stats.active: 2 kern.ipc.tls.stats.enable_calls: 9 kern.ipc.tls.stats.offload_total: 9

到底要不要启用 KTLS，一句话：看情况。 用了不一定能提速，反而可能变慢(?)。

当然，我开起来主要是好玩。

UPDATE

KTLS(4)

TLS transmit requires the use of unmapped mbufs. Unmapped mbufs are not enabled by default, but can be enabled by setting the kern.ipc.mb_use_ext_pgs sysctl node to 1.

另参考：c235059，这个值在 AMD64 上默认为 1。

FreeBSD 13.2 Release Notes

KTLS (the kernel TLS implementation) has added receive offload support for TLS 1.3. Receive offload is now supported for TLS 1.1 through 1.3; send offload is supported for TLS 1.0 through 1.3. 1462dc95f796 (Sponsored by Netflix)

阅读材料

这些KTLS的参考资料建议全部读一下：

https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2021-March/079096.html

https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ktls&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+13.1-RELEASE&arch=default&format=html

https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/14595

https://freebsdfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TLS-Offload-in-the-Kernel.pdf

https://www.openssl.org/docs/man3.0/man3/SSL_CONF_cmd.html

https://docs.nvidia.com/networking/display/FREEBSDv371/Kernel+Transport+Layer+Security+%28kTLS%29+Offloads

https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/5071bc0bcf18c2eade9d452b27d92bee341dd053/src/event/ngx_event_openssl.c

https://legacy.netdevconf.info/0x14/pub/slides/25/TLS%20Perf%20Characterization%20slides%20-%20Netdev%200x14%20v2.pdf

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51672133/what-are-openssl-bios-how-do-they-work-how-are-bios-used-in-openssl

扩展阅读材料

https://people.freebsd.org/~rmacklem/nfs-over-tls-setup.txt

https://blog.trailofbits.com/2019/03/25/what-application-developers-need-to-know-about-tls-early-data-0rtt/

https://www.agwa.name/blog/post/parsing_tls_client_hello_with_cryptobyte

https://www.freebsd.org/releases/13.2R/relnotes/

[harveyzhxi]

construction in the future! #buildworld (at Vauxhall) https://www.instagram.com/p/CDgccK_g6w5/?igshid=3crynhpal1m4

[worldwise-randomide]

Arceus is God. It created everything you know. Show It some respect.

Oh sure. The thing creates some stuff, leaves it to rot and try destroy itself, then “rewards” it by fundamentally changing it in a way that’ll ensure it succeeds the next time it tries and wants us to thank it. What a being worthy of anything remotely respectful.

[sheltiechicago]

Copenhagen Opera House, Denmark

Image credits: Buildworld

[itstonyowo]

aHHH me too omg!!!!i used to love those fnaf games fughfhthrhrhe-plus those weird ppl who rp like 5 yr olds really creeped me out so that made me stop rping all together besides the fact i grew out of it- but omg ur absolutely genius fr having matsuda picz around ur roblox house👀👀👀im really shit at bloxburg i used to have a reasturaunt i made back in 2017 but last year i deleted it and havent made a house since *shrugs* hOwever i will be taking notes on the tons of matsuda pics and make an appreciation shrine of matsu on buildworld f3x 👀👀👀👀

You play Roblox?

yah!!!!!ive been playing since late 2013 and finally got an ac in 2014 ugughhrhrhrh i like to play arsenal im lvl 70!!!!!

[urielfanelli]

@beegrrl the sentence “because obviously you don’t know about core features of this software” is something you added. I didn’t said that. Some voice inside you added it. I suggest to keep under control this voice inside you, ‘cause it may make your life to suck. Besides, after a “make buildworld” , any software downloaded as binary (or compiled out of the source tree) could find shared library issue or dependencies broken, which happened couple of times to me, and it was a pain.

@beegrrl the sentence “because obviously you don’t know about core features of this software” is something you added. I didn’t said that. Some voice inside you added it. I suggest to keep under control this voice inside you, ‘cause it may make your life to suck. Besides, after a “make buildworld” , any software downloaded as binary (or compiled out of the source tree) could find shared library issue or dependencies broken, which happened couple of times to me, and it was a pain.

@beegrrl

the sentence

“because obviously you don’t know about core features of this software”

is something you added. I didn’t said that. Some voice inside you added it. I suggest to keep under control this voice inside you, ‘cause it may make your life to suck.

Besides, after a “make buildworld” , any software downloaded as binary (or compiled out of the source tree) could find shared library…

[nxfury]

The Power To Serve: Custom Kernel Goodness on FreeBSD

For those who are unfamiliar with FreeBSD, it's a unique system that feels distinctly like the UNIX of old- because it is. Last post, we installed FreeBSD, got connected and installed some software. You might have even gotten a desktop working on your own, because it feels so much like Linux. However, the stock install is a bit RAM hungry and we aim to improve that.

Kernel? What's a Kernel?

Like Linux, FreeBSD (and Windows and MacOS) all have an underlying Kernel. This is basically a loose term that describes all the underlying components that the user doesn't see day-to-day when utilizing an Operating System, such as firmware and drivers being loaded, support for multithreading, filesystem support, and so on. Because BSD has so much support for strange devices- like VAX machines of old- it's expected of users who wish to optimize their systems to purge unneeded support from their system.

Getting Started

Of course, you'll need a FreeBSD installation with the source code to follow along... :) However, we'll need some more details about our target system that we'll be rolling a custom Kernel for. So let's whip out a notepad or text editor and our trusty command line. The trusty dmesg command will come in handy, but it produces way too much output, so we can filter that with grep by doing something like dmesg | grep <search term>.

The laptop I did this on was an unmodded Thinkpad T460. I knew that it came with Intel Wireless, an Intel CPU, an SSD, and Intel Integrated Graphics, for starters. But what model?

So I ran dmesg | grep Wireless and got the following output:

iwm0: <Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 8260> mem 0xredacted at device redacted

Note that I have censored the last bit of output for privacy, but it contains memory address and what part of the PCI bus it's connected to.

I took note of this and did similar commands to gather info on my hardware.

Backing Up

Since we're replacing our kernel, we want a backup of the last known good one. In FreeBSD, the current running kernel is located at /boot/kernel. So let's make a copy in /boot, so we can continue to use it if things go south!

Running cp -a /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.good will do the trick for this.

Config Time!

Now we get to prep our Kernel config file. To do so, cd /sys will take you to the /sys directory, where you'll see a few architecture names as directories: x86, x64, arm, etc. My ThinkPad T460 is a 64 bit x64 processor, so I ran cd x64.

Now, there's a folder in this directory called conf. That's where the config files are located- so cd conf and then run ls to view the available config files to start from.

Instead of altering the config files directly, it may be wise to make a copy of one. I picked the GENERIC config file and copied it into one in the same directory, naming it T460 (no file extensions!!!)

With this done, open the freshly copied config file in the text editor of your choice. In this config file, there's lots of comments, specifying what each option will compile into the kernel. Removing the line will remove the feature from your compiled kernel. Since my ThinkPad doesn't have a floppy disk or RAID controller that's easy enough to remove those. I know that I have Intel Wired and Wireless connections, so I can remove all support for other network cards if I so choose.

ATCHUNG! Read what each option enables support for before deleting the line, and make sure you're not removing things that are critical to the function of your hardware!

Once satisfied, save the new config and quit.

Updating the Source

First things first, we need to install and set up subversion (SVN) on FreeBSD to get the latest copy of the FreeBSD source tree. In order to install SVN and get it ready to rock, we just need to run pkg install ca_root_nss subversion.

Now with SVN installed, let's fetch a copy of the latest source tree. If you already have the source code installed, run svn update /usr/src/. If not, we need to fetch a copy by running svn checkout https://svn.freebsd.org/base/releng/12.1 /usr/src/ (replace the 12.1 with the version number of FreeBSD you installed.)

Awesome! We're ready to compile the kernel!

Compiling the Kernel

With your freshly updated copy of the FreeBSD source code, cd /usr/src to get into the source code. Since our config file is prepped, all you have to run is make KERNCONF=CONFIG buildkernel- swap out the word CONFIG for your kernel config name. This will take a bit to compile, so grab a coffee or something while waiting. When it finishes, you run make KERNCONF=CONFIG installkernel, again swapping out the word CONFIG for your actual config filename. When finished, reboot your system and test it out!

BRO! MY KERNEL IS CRASHING!

In the bootloader, you can switch back to the old kernel to resolve the issues in your config and re-attempt compiling the kernel until satisfied.

What Are The Benefits of Doing This?

On my ThinkPad T460, the stock system used about 1.7 gb of RAM. After the custom kernel, it's now using 800 Mb of RAM- to lower the usage even further, some tunable "knobs" in /etc/rc.conf, /etc/loader.conf and /etc/sysctl.conf prove useful as well.

Another interesting thing to note is that this Kernel config can be used to rebuild the ENTIRE SYSTEM as well, using the make KERNCONF=CONFIG buildworld and make KERNCONF=CONFIG installworld commands too.

Until next time!

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[thereallaptoplf]

dsynth: you’re building it

The buildworld cycle now includes dsynth(8).  Your buildworld will take a bit longer, but now you can immediately bulk build packages if using binaries isn’t right for you.

from http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/AboutBSD/~3/QB6Gm2dLVSY/23523.html from http://thereallaptoplifestyle1.blogspot.com/2019/09/dsynth-youre-building-it.html

[misfitgames]

Generating Tiles

No work since last post, I’m going to try and be better than working on this once a week for 45 mins.  Anyway, here’s whats up.

Sat down tonight and started restructuring my code to deal with creating tiles from loaded game data.  I read in the json file and fill out the world atlas and tile info from that.

Next, I’ve started changing up how my super simple gfx class works.  Instead of just creating a single model, it now has a BuildWorld function, taking in a GameWorld and from there it will create a model (just a quad) for each tile.  I think I’ve got the math for tile positioning figured out, but we shall see.  It shouldn’t be too bad.

Next step will be to change up how the model initializes so I can set up the UVs based on the atlas and the tile’s atlas index.  That should go pretty smoothly. Right now a lot of it is real ugly hacks, but I can deal with refactoring later.  Hopefully I’ll be able to post a pic of tiles next time, fingers crossed.

Reading: Our Revolution, B. Sanders Listening: Pandora - Thelonious Monk

Milestone 1: Basic World Loading and Rendering - Create basic json world file … DONE - Add json file reading …DONE - Create classes for world and tiles … DONE - Add functionality to create world from loaded file … IN PROGRESS

[worldwise-randomide]

Incogmigo

All information disclosed about her and her mons I have been allowed to share. This is still a very condensed post, as I’m sure the others will be too.

Inco is one of my closest friends. We met at my first Champion’s Tournament when I was 20. Anonymous is here as I type this and is making sure I add what she always adds: my first was the first. She just says it to make me feel old but it was her first as well… that’s beside the point. I met Inco on the first day everything officially started. They invite people to get there a bit before to enjoy the surrounding area and socialise before they kick off the battling. I didn’t really do that and thus was very nervous when it came time to battle on the main broadcast stage. It did not go well so I went to hide away in a bar garden with my mons. Inco came over when Gorge had pissed off Mudpie (her clodsire) and she had to stop her destroying the whole bar. She stayed over to chat and the rest is history!

If I had to describe her in the most accurate vague way possible, I would say she’s “Free Bird” by Lynyrd Skynyrd personified. Including the solo. Loves nature, she’s been to every region. Loves battling with her pokémon in every possible sense. She is an infamous Champion. If you want to make Champion-class a fancy way by beating someone who isn’t your area’s standard, you do not call her. You make sure she is out of the region. If you battle her it’s 55. It’s just not goino happen.

She has 6 pokémon, all battlers:

Mudpie the clodsire

Crunchie the granbull

Pickles the shiny mamoswine

Saveloy the archeops

Blancmange the gastrodon

Crouton the turtonator

She’s been teasing me that she’s got a new one on the way and won’t tell me anything about it. I could break the cycle if I do ever learn or I could not tell you. I know what I prefer.

Identifying her in posts, since I’ve already shown pictures of her here:

Buff not swole. She has muscle — she carries Saveloy on her shoulders all the time he’s out, lifts Mudpie away from starting fights, and tussles with Pickles for fun, she has to be.

“Riding the fine line between tan and sunburnt until the road gives out,” Anonymous [n.d.]

Curly brown hair. Curly. Goes about to her shoulders. Kindo puffs out beyond the left side of her face, can sometimes hide her eye and scars.

Oh, scars, of course. Anyone and everyone in the battling scene has some, let’s not kid ourselves. She has some on her face, neck, arms, and elsewhere that you won’t be seeing. Go snog a bruxish if you care so much.

Usually wears vests and trousers. She loves a denim jacket she has that had its sleeves severed by Saveloy.

Ehhhhhh sure close enough. I tried a few removing the ear but idk.