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jcmarchi · 1 year ago

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6 types of fraud to remain aware of (and other trends) - CyberTalk

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6 types of fraud to remain aware of (and other trends) - CyberTalk

Miguel Hernandez y Lopez is a Cyber Security Engineering Manager and member of the Office of the CTO at Check Point Software Technologies. Miguel has over 20 years of experience in the cyber security field. He was a member of the Honeynet Project, an international non-profit organization (501c3) dedicated to the investigation of the most recent computer attacks, and the development of OpenSource security tools to learn about how hackers behave. He is co-author of the Security Compendium ´Cyber Security and Global Information Assurance: Threat Analysis and Response Solutions´ sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Academy, USA (ISBN: 978-1-60566-326-5). Miguel holds a Master of Science of Technology from Universidad de Buenos Aires.

In honor of International Fraud Awareness Week, here at Cyber Talk, we’re joining the global effort to increase insight and education around fraud prevention.

Every year, organizations lose trillions of dollars to fraud, largely because they don’t understand the tactics that fraudsters employ or what kinds of prevention strategies to implement.

In this interview, explore what’s happening in the world of cyber fraud and how you can support more effective fraud-fighting initiatives. Let’s dive in:

What types of business fraud are you seeing at the moment?

There are several types of business fraud trending currently:

1. Cyber fraud. Cyber attacks are on the rise. Cyber criminals are using techniques such as phishing, malware or ransomware to steal sensitive information or disrupt business operations.

2. Internal fraud. This involves fraudulent activity by staff members within a business, including theft, falsification of documents or embezzlement.

3. Invoice fraud. This involves fake invoices being sent to a company in the hope they’ll pay fake charges without noticing.

4. CEO fraud. This is where fraudsters pose as a CEO of a company or another senior executive to trick an employee into transferring funds or sharing sensitive information.

5. Return fraud. This is particularly prevalent in the retail sector, where customers abuse the return policy for financial gain.

6. Payroll fraud. This can occur when employees manipulate the payroll system to receive more compensation than they’re due.

It’s essential for businesses to constantly update their security measures, educate employees about potential scams and implement strong internal controls to prevent fraud.

Fraud is expensive. Could you speak to the cost of fraud for businesses?

Absolutely. The cost of fraud can be substantial for businesses both financially and reputationally.

There are direct financial losses, which could soar into the millions, depending on the scale of the business and the fraud.

There are also investigation and recovery costs. Post-fraud, a business needs to conduct investigations and try to recover lost funds. These processes can be time-consuming and costly.

Beyond that, there are legal costs. Depending on the severity of the fraud, legal costs can be significant. If the company suffered a large loss, it may choose to prosecute the fraudulent party, increasing expenses.

Also, there are regulatory fines. In some cases, especially those involving data breaches, a business may encounter hefty fines from regulatory bodies for failing to protect sensitive information.

Further, a company may experience reputational damage. Although not directly financial, damage to a company’s reputation can result in loss of customers, decreased sales, and a drop in stock prices, all of which indirectly contribute to overall financial loss.

Lastly, after a fraud incident, companies may see increased insurance premiums.

According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners Occupational Fraud 2022, in A Report to the Nations, organizations lose approximately five percent of revenue to fraud each year, with the average loss per case totaling more than $1.78 million.

In your opinion, what impact could generative AI have on the future of business fraud? (What impact has it already had, if any?)

Generative AI could play a significant role, both positively and negatively, when it comes to business fraud.

In terms of fraud prevention and detection, AI can process enormous volumes of data, identify patterns, and detect anomalies more quickly and accurately than human analysts. Using sophisticated algorithms and machine learning methodologies, generative AI can identify potential fraudulent activities before they become damaging.

On the other hand, misuse of generative AI could potentially increase sophisticated fraud scenarios.

For example, think about deepfakes, in which generative AI can create hyper-realistic audio, video, or text that’s virtually indistinguishable from real content. Unscrupulous individuals can use these ‘deepfakes’ for scams, to create false identities, or spread disinformation that harms businesses.

While generative AI provides tools and capabilities that businesses can leverage for fraud prevention, generative AI also requires enhancement in security measures to prevent misuse. Aid from regulatory bodies, education, and a solid legal framework will be necessary to ensure that generative AI’s impact remains positive.

What types of technology solutions or tools would you recommend for fraud detection and prevention?

I would recommend cyber security solutions that have gained popularity due to their effectiveness in addressing modern technological challenges. These solutions are considered robust because they focus on enhancing security posture in a dynamic and evolving threat landscape.

For instance, when you are using Check Point to secure your business, you gain accurate prevention against the most advanced attacks through the power of ThreatCloud AI.

ThreatCloud AI, the brain behind all of Check Point’s products, combines the latest AI technologies with big data threat intelligence to prevent the most advanced attacks while reducing false positives, keeping a business safe and productive.

Why are these solutions and strategies considered advantageous for fraud prevention?

In terms of what Check Point offers…

Integrated security architecture. Check Point provides a comprehensive and integrated security architecture. Solutions often include multiple layers of security, covering areas such as firewall, intrusion prevention, antivirus, anti-malware, VPN, and more. Having an integrated approach can simplify management and improve overall security effectiveness.

Threat Intelligence and Research. Check Point invests heavily in threat intelligence and research. The company’s researchers actively analyze emerging threats, vulnerabilities, and attack patterns. This commitment to staying ahead of the threat landscape allows Check Point to provide timely updates and protection against new and evolving cyber threats.

Advanced threat prevention. Check Point is known for its advanced threat prevention capabilities. The solutions include technologies such as sandboxing, threat emulation, and threat extraction to detect and prevent sophisticated threats, including zero-day attacks and advanced persistent threats.

Cloud security. As organizations increasingly move their infrastructure and applications to the cloud, Check Point has expanded its offerings to include robust cloud security solutions. This includes protection for cloud workloads, applications, and data, as well as integration with major cloud service providers.

Network security. Check Point has a long history and a strong reputation in the field of network security. The company’s firewall solutions are widely used for securing network perimeters and enforcing security policies. Check Point’s expertise in network security is valuable for organizations with complex network architectures.

User-friendly management interface. Check Point products often feature user-friendly management interfaces that make it easier for security administrators to configure and monitor security policies. This can be important for organizations that want a solution that is both powerful and accessible for their security teams.

Scalability. Check Point solutions are designed to scale with the growth of an organization. Whether an organization is small or enterprise-level, Check Point’s products can often be tailored to meet the specific needs and scale of the environment.

Is there any other advice that you have for organizations?

I think that user awareness is crucial for fraud prevention – and for the following reasons:

Human factor. Often, human error or ignorance enables fraud. By enhancing user awareness, you help build the first, and sometimes most robust, line of defense against fraud.

Phishing attacks. In an age where cyber threats, like phishing, can lead to significant security risks, users who are aware of these threats aren’t as likely to fall for them as their peers.

Early detection. Aware users can identify suspicious activity, anomalies or changes in systems or transactions which may indicate a potential threat or fraud. They can escalate this early, enabling faster response and mitigation.

Mitigating insider threats. Employees who understand the signs of fraud are better equipped to spot and report possible internal threats.

Regulatory compliance. User awareness helps organizations stay in compliance with regulations that often require user training and awareness as a part of their requirements.

Culture of security. Training users around cyber security awareness creates a culture of security within the organization where every member, not just the IT or security team, has a role in preventing fraud.

In essence, users who are well-informed about fraud risks, ways to identify and respond to fraud, and the potential impact, add a valuable layer of protection for the organization.

For more insights from Miguel Hernandez y Lopez, please see CyberTalk.org’s past coverage. Lastly, to receive timely cyber security insights and cutting-edge analyses, please sign up for the cybertalk.org newsletter.

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skillslash · 1 year ago

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Understanding Legal Implications and Consequences of Cyber Attacks

As the digital landscape continues to evolve, cyberattacks have become a major concern for individuals, companies, and governments alike. These malicious activities, which are typically conducted through the utilization of technology, can have a far-reaching impact beyond the mere technical damage caused. The legal ramifications of cyberattacks are intricate and encompass a variety of areas of law, such as criminal law, civil law, and foreign law.

It is essential to be aware of these ramifications in order to effectively manage the ever-changing cybersecurity landscape and to hold those responsible for these attacks accountable.

Types of Cyber Attacks

Cyber attacks can take a variety of forms, each with distinct techniques and goals.

Here is an overview of some of the most frequent types of cyber attacks:

1. Malware :

Malware is a wide range of malicious software that’s designed to get into, break into, or harm your computer system or network. It’s made up of a bunch of different types of malicious software, from viruses and trojans to spyware, worms and more. Viruses can attach to programs and cause damage to them. Trojans try to get into your system by pretending to be legitimate software, while ransomware encrypts your files or system and demands payment to get them back.

Spyware collects your info without you knowing. Worms can spread across your network and infect you without you having to do anything. All of these malicious programs can be used to steal your data, disrupt your operations, or blackmail you, so it's important to take strong cybersecurity measures to stop them before they happen.

2. Phishing

Phishing is one of the most common cyber attacks. It’s when someone sends you an email, text message, or fake website to trick you into giving up sensitive information like login info, financial info, or personal info. It’s usually done by pretending to be a legitimate company or person.

It's all about trying to trick you into clicking on the wrong links, giving up your personal info, or downloading the wrong attachments. This can lead to you not being able to use your system, getting your identity stolen, losing money, or being able to access your personal and business data.

3. DDoS Attacks

What is a DDoS attack? A DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attack is an attempt to overwhelm a target’s normal traffic by flooding it with a massive amount of traffic from a variety of sources, making it impossible for legitimate users to access the server, service or network. Typically, a DDoS attack takes advantage of multiple compromised devices/systems to create a botnet that the attacker controls to launch the attack. By saturating the target with massive amounts of data, DDoS attacks can cause a significant amount of downtime, resulting in financial losses, a damaged reputation, and the potential for critical service or operations to be disrupted.

4. SQL Injection

SQL Injection is one of the most common cyber attacks. It's a way for hackers to take advantage of weaknesses in web applications by putting SQL code in the input fields. By messing with the SQL query, hackers can get into, change, or erase data in the database and gain unauthorized control. It lets cybercriminals bypass authentication, grab sensitive info, and potentially control the entire database, which is a huge risk to the security and reliability of the system they're targeting.

5. Zero-day Exploits

Zero-day Exploits are a type of cyber attack that hackers use to take advantage of software or hardware vulnerabilities that haven't been patched or fixed. These vulnerabilities are called zero-day flaws because they don't have any patches or fixes available from developers. This gives hackers an advantage because they can take advantage of security flaws before they're discovered or fixed. Zero-day attacks are especially dangerous because they happen before people know about them, which means cybercriminals can get into systems, steal stuff, or do a lot of damage with little to no warning.

It is important to understand these different types of cyber attacks so that individuals and organizations can implement strong cybersecurity defenses, educate employees on how to identify threats, and implement effective mitigation plans for each attack type.

Criminal Law and Cyber Attacks

Cyber attacks can be subject to a variety of criminal sanctions, ranging from unauthorized access to a computer system to the theft and destruction of data.

Generally, the legal framework in each jurisdiction is designed to penalize these activities.

The United States of America, for example, has a Criminal Law Act, (the CFAA) which prohibits the unauthorized use of a computer system. Other nations have similar laws in place that penalize unauthorized access and interference with data.

Going to the bottom of who’s behind a cyber attack can be tricky. It could be just one person, a criminal group, etc. The tricky part is finding out who did it and how they are doing it. They could be using a bunch of different ways to hide who they are or try to make it look like someone else did it, like using a proxy server or a fake trial.

When it comes to prosecuting cyber criminals, it can be tricky to figure out what’s right and what’s wrong, especially when they’re from the same country and they’re targeting people in another country. It’s important for law enforcement to work together around the world, but when it comes to international cyber crimes, there can be legal and diplomatic issues.

Legal Implications

Regulatory Compliance and Data Protection Laws:

Data protection and privacy are governed by a variety of laws and regulations. For example, in the European Union (EU), the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) and in the United States (HIPAA), HIPAA and other laws and regulations regulate the handling of personal data. Violations of HIPAA or GDPR regulations resulting from a cyber attack may result in severe penalties.

In India, cybercrimes are punished under the IT Act, which means fines and jail time for things like unauthorized access, stealing data, fraud, and spreading malware. Penalties can range from a small fine to a few years in jail.

Liability Issues:

Organizations can be sued for negligence if they don’t take the necessary steps to protect confidential information. Affected parties, shareholders or regulators can take legal action if an organization fails to do its part.

Intellectual Property Theft:

Intellectual property (IP) is one of the primary targets of cyberattacks. The thrift of intellectual property, such as patents, trade secrets or copyrighted materials, can result in disputes over ownership and compensation.

Responding to Cyber Attacks

Getting your system back up and running after a cyber attack is not just about protecting it from technical damage; it’s also about making sure you’re following the law.

Incident Response and Reporting: Organizations are often legally obligated to report cyberattacks to the particular authorities, people who are affected, or regulators within certain deadlines. If you don’t follow these guidelines, you could face extra penalties.

Evidence Preservation: It’s really important to keep track of the evidence from the cyber attack so that it can be used in a court of law. It’s important to follow a chain of custody procedure to make sure the evidence stays in the right hands.

Legal Counsel and Investigation: It is essential to call for the services of legal counsel who specialize in cybersecurity in order to navigate the legal issues. An in-depth investigation conducted under the guidance of legal counsel is essential in order to comprehend the consequences of the attack.

Conclusion

Cyber attacks can cause a lot of different problems, not just from a technological point of view but also from a legal and regulatory point of view. Knowing what the legal ramifications and consequences are is really important for people, companies, and politicians to come up with strong cybersecurity plans and responses.

Working together with legal professionals, cyber security experts, and politicians is really important to reduce risks, enforce laws, and make sure justice is done when it comes to the ever-changing cyber threats.

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xaltius · 1 year ago

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The Crucial Importance of Cybersecurity: Why Cybersecurity Courses and Training Are Essential

Introduction

In our increasingly interconnected world, the importance of cybersecurity cannot be overstated. With the rapid expansion of the digital landscape, individuals and organizations alike face a growing array of cyber threats that can compromise sensitive information, disrupt operations, and result in substantial financial and reputational damage. To protect against these threats, it is imperative to understand the significance of cybersecurity and invest in cyber security courses and training. In this blog, we'll explore the critical role of cybersecurity and why acquiring the right knowledge and skills through cybersecurity courses is essential.

Understanding Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and digital assets from unauthorized access, data breaches, theft, and damage. It encompasses a wide range of strategies and measures designed to safeguard sensitive information, including personal data, financial records, intellectual property, and more. With the ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats, staying ahead of malicious actors is a continuous challenge.

The Cyber Threat Landscape

The cyber threat landscape is constantly evolving, with cybercriminals becoming increasingly sophisticated in their methods. Here are some key threats:

Data Breaches: Unauthorized access to sensitive data can result in significant financial and reputational damage. Companies that experience data breaches often face costly lawsuits and loss of customer trust.

Ransomware Attacks: Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's data, rendering it inaccessible. Attackers then demand a ransom in exchange for the decryption key, often targeting businesses and government agencies.

Phishing Attacks: Phishing involves sending deceptive emails or messages to trick recipients into revealing sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial details.

Identity Theft: Cybercriminals steal personal information to commit fraud, open accounts in the victim's name, or engage in other malicious activities.

Cyber Espionage: Nation-state actors and hackers engage in cyber espionage to steal intellectual property, classified information, and government secrets.

The Need for Cybersecurity Training

Given the complexity and severity of cyber threats, it is essential for individuals and organizations to invest in cybersecurity training. Here's why:

Defense Against Evolving Threats: Cybersecurity professionals are at the forefront of defending against constantly evolving threats. Cybersecurity courses provide the latest knowledge and skills needed to protect against new attack vectors and vulnerabilities.

Protecting Sensitive Data: In an era where data is the lifeblood of businesses and personal lives, cybersecurity training equips individuals and organizations with the tools to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access.

Compliance and Regulations: Many industries and jurisdictions have specific cybersecurity regulations and compliance requirements. Cybersecurity training ensures that organizations meet these standards, avoiding legal repercussions.

Risk Mitigation: A well-trained cybersecurity team can identify vulnerabilities and assess risks effectively, allowing organizations to take proactive measures to mitigate potential threats.

Career Opportunities: Cybersecurity is a rapidly growing field with a high demand for skilled professionals. Completing cybersecurity courses can open doors to rewarding career opportunities.

Conclusion

In an age where the digital landscape continues to expand, the importance of cybersecurity cannot be overstated. The ever-evolving threat landscape makes it imperative for individuals and organizations to stay informed and prepared. Cybersecurity courses and training are invaluable tools for acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary to protect against cyber threats. By investing in cybersecurity education, we can all contribute to a safer and more secure digital world.

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surnamefixx · 2 years ago

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The Evolution of Cybersecurity - From Antivirus to AI-Driven Cyber Defense

Cybersecurity is the process of ensuring that all information and systems are protected from attacks. It’s a vital component of our modern world, and it’s constantly evolving to keep up with the threats. While cybersecurity has been around since the ENIAC was brought online in 1945, it only came into its own as a field in the 1980s, after several high-profile events showed how dangerous a lack of security can be.

The ’90s were the beginning of the “virus era.” As more computers went online, hackers saw new opportunities to infect machines and steal data. Firewalls and antivirus software emerged to fight these attacks, but they were still reactive rather than preventative. Then, in the 2000s, large-scale cyberattacks began to occur regularly. Ransomware attacks froze companies’ operations and caused major financial losses, data breaches exposed hundreds of millions of personal records, and hacktivism became an everyday part of life. Companies realized they needed to improve their cybersecurity programs.

These larger attacks shifted the focus of cybersecurity from being defensive to proactive. Companies now faced a growing threat landscape that included not only their IT infrastructure but also OT (operational technology) and the IoT devices in their supply chains. Moreover, attacks no longer targeted a single company; they often spanned multiple domains and countries. Adding to this complexity, many of these attacks were being launched by well-resourced nation-states with resources and determination far beyond what lesser threat actors could afford or would be willing to expend.

This is where AI can make a difference. By continually learning and adapting, AI-powered cybersecurity solutions can detect attacks as they’re happening — not How is Bitcoin and Tokenomics interlinked? just after the fact. This can help prevent the spread of a virus or other malware from machine to machine, reducing the impact and allowing IT teams to respond quickly and effectively.

Another area where AI can be helpful is preventing “novel” threats. Statistically, most threats, malware and exploits evolve by building on previous exploitations and leaked malicious codes. It takes a very skilled attacker to create something completely novel that can’t be detected by existing technologies, but for most of the threat ecosystem, it’s not so much a matter of skill as simply tweaking a leaked code to avoid detection.

Fortunately, many of these new technologies are being developed through partnerships between original equipment manufacturers, tech startups, and industry partners that have deep expertise in specific industries. For example, Siemens Energy partnered with SparkCognition to develop a product called DeepArmor Industrial that uses AI to protect its website technology fleet of power generators and pipelines from cyberattacks that can disrupt production. As these types of collaborations continue to grow, they can lead the way for more advanced cybersecurity technologies that are tailored specifically to the needs and security requirements of each industry. This will ensure that every business is protected as it goes through its own digital transformation.

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boise-web · 2 years ago

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15 WordPress Security Issues You Should Know About

Cybersecurity is of utmost importance to prevent cyber-attacks on WordPress sites. WordPress is one of the most popular content management systems, and it is widely used for building websites, blogs, and e-commerce platforms. However, its popularity also makes it a prime target for cybercriminals who are constantly looking for vulnerabilities to exploit. A cyber-attack on a WordPress site can lead to various consequences such as data theft, website defacement, and even financial loss. Therefore, it is crucial to have proper security measures in place to prevent such attacks. The 15 Biggest WordPress Security Issues - Outdated core software - Outdated plugins and themes - Weak passwords or outdated authentication methods - Brute force attacks - Cross-site scription (XSS) attacks - SQL injection attacks - File inclusion attacks - Malware infections - DDoS attacks - Vulnerabilities in server software and configurations - Lack of security monitoring and logging - Social engineering attacks - Improper file permissions and ownership - Vulnerabilities in third-party software - Lack of backups and disaster recovery plans In this article, we’ll teach you not only how to identify potential security risks and understand the harm they could cause, but also how to solve these issues and better protect your website. What are the Security Risks of a Cyber Attack? Data breaches: Cyber-attacks can lead to the theft or exposure of sensitive data, such as personal information, financial data, or intellectual property. Financial losses: Cyber-attacks can cause financial losses, such as unauthorized transactions, ransom demands, or the cost of repairing damage caused by the attack. Reputational damage: Cyber-attacks can damage a company's reputation if they result in data breaches or other negative publicity. Operational disruptions: Cyber-attacks can disrupt a company's operations by causing system outages or other technical problems. Compliance violations: Cyber-attacks can result in violations of legal or regulatory requirements, such as data protection laws or industry-specific regulations. Legal liability: Cyber-attacks can result in legal liability if the attack causes harm to others or violates laws or regulations. Intellectual property theft: Cyber-attacks can result in the theft or exposure of valuable intellectual property, such as trade secrets or proprietary information. Overall, the security risks of a cyber-attack can be significant and can have far-reaching consequences for businesses and individuals alike. It is important to take steps to prevent cyber-attacks, such as implementing strong security measures and regularly reviewing and updating them to address new threats. Outdated Core Software Outdated core software refers to the use of an old or obsolete version of the central software component in a computer system or application. This core software component is typically the primary engine that runs the system or application, and it is responsible for carrying out essential functions such as processing data, managing memory, and providing security features. When this core software becomes outdated, it can create serious security vulnerabilities, performance issues, and compatibility problems. For example, in the case of a content management system like WordPress, outdated core software could refer to using an old version of the WordPress engine. This could lead to security vulnerabilities that can be exploited by hackers to gain unauthorized access to the website or steal sensitive data. Outdated core software may also result in slow performance, bugs, and compatibility issues with other software components. Therefore, it is important to regularly update the core software component of a system or application to ensure it is secure, reliable, and functional. How to Avoid Having Outdated Core Software: Identify the outdated core software: The first step is to identify the outdated core software component in your system or application. You can do this by checking the version number and comparing it with the latest version available. Backup the system: Before you update the core software component, it is essential to create a backup of the system or application to ensure you can roll back in case something goes wrong during the update process. Download the latest version: Once you have identified the outdated core software component, you can download the latest version from the vendor's website or the official repository. Install the update: Install the update following the instructions provided by the vendor. This may involve running an installer or using a command-line tool. During the installation process, you may need to provide authentication credentials or configure specific settings. Test the system: Once the update is complete, test the system or application to ensure it is functioning correctly. You can check for any errors, compatibility issues, or performance problems. Monitor for future updates: It is essential to monitor for future updates to the core software component and apply them regularly to ensure the system or application remains secure and up-to-date. Outdated Plugins and Themes Outdated plugins and themes refer to using an old or obsolete version of the software components that add functionality and design to a website built on a platform such as WordPress. WordPress is an open-source platform that provides a range of plugins and themes that can be easily installed to add features and customize the look and feel of a website. However, using outdated plugins and themes can create security vulnerabilities, compatibility issues, and performance problems. Plugins are software components that add specific features or functionality to a WordPress site, such as contact forms, social media sharing buttons, or e-commerce tools. Themes are software components that control the visual appearance of a WordPress site, such as the layout, color scheme, and typography. Using outdated plugins and themes in a website built on a platform such as WordPress can pose several security risks. How to Avoid Using Outdated Plugins and Themes: Identify the outdated plugins and themes: The first step is to identify the outdated plugins and themes installed on the website. This can be done by checking the version numbers against the latest version available. Backup the website: Before updating any plugins or themes, it is essential to create a backup of the website to ensure you can roll back in case something goes wrong during the update process. Update the plugins and themes: Once you have identified the outdated plugins and themes, you can update them to the latest version available. This can usually be done through the WordPress dashboard by clicking on the "Updates" link or by manually downloading and installing the latest version from the vendor's website. Test the website: Once the plugins and themes have been updated, it is important to test the website to ensure everything is working correctly. This involves checking for any errors, compatibility issues, or performance problems. Remove unused plugins and themes: It is recommended to remove any unused plugins and themes from the website to reduce the attack surface and ensure optimal performance. Monitor for future updates: It is essential to regularly monitor for future updates to plugins and themes and apply them promptly to ensure the website remains secure and up to date. Weak Passwords or Outdated Authentication Methods Weak passwords are passwords that are easy to guess or crack through automated tools. These passwords typically have low complexity and can be easily cracked using a brute force attack or dictionary attack. Weak passwords can put a user's sensitive data at risk, including personal information, financial data, and login credentials. Weak passwords pose a significant risk to the security of personal and sensitive data. It is important to use strong and unique passwords for every account, along with additional layers of security like two-factor authentication, to ensure the safety and privacy of sensitive information. Outdated authentication methods are methods of verifying a user's identity that are no longer considered secure or reliable due to advancements in technology or changes in security best practices. These authentication methods may have been widely used in the past but are now considered outdated and vulnerable to attacks. Characteristics of Weak Passwords: Short length: Weak passwords are often short, typically between 4 to 8 characters, making them easy to guess or crack. Lack of complexity: Weak passwords often lack complexity, such as using only lowercase letters, or only numbers, or a simple word or phrase that can be found in a dictionary. Reused passwords: Reusing the same password across multiple accounts is a common practice and can increase the risk of password compromise. Obvious personal information: Using obvious personal information like names, dates of birth, phone numbers, or addresses as passwords makes it easy for attackers to guess or brute force. No two-factor authentication: Weak passwords often lack additional layers of security, such as two-factor authentication, making it easier for attackers to gain access to the account. Examples of Outdated Authentication Methods: Password-only authentication: Password-only authentication is vulnerable to brute force attacks, password guessing, and password reuse attacks. SMS-based authentication: SMS-based authentication is susceptible to attacks like SIM swapping, where an attacker gains access to a user's phone number and intercepts the SMS message containing the verification code. Knowledge-based authentication: Knowledge-based authentication involves answering questions based on personal information, such as date of birth or social security number. However, this method is vulnerable to social engineering attacks where an attacker can obtain the answers through publicly available information or phishing attacks. Single-factor authentication: Single-factor authentication relies on only one factor, such as a password or biometric, to verify a user's identity. This method is less secure compared to multi-factor authentication, which uses multiple factors, such as a password and biometric, to authenticate a user. How to Avoid Having Weak Passwords or Using Outdated Authentication Methods: Use strong and unique passwords: Use passwords that are at least 12 characters long, contain a mix of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. Avoid using common or easily guessable words and phrases. Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA): Use multi-factor authentication whenever possible, which requires users to provide at least two forms of identification to access an account or system, such as a password and a security token or biometric authentication. Keep authentication methods up to date: Ensure that authentication methods are up-to-date and comply with current security standards and best practices. Use a password manager: Consider using a password manager to generate, store, and manage strong and unique passwords for each account. Educate users: Provide training and education to users on how to create strong passwords, avoid common mistakes, and recognize phishing attacks. Monitor and enforce password policies: Monitor password policies to ensure that users are following best practices, such as using strong passwords and changing them regularly. Use the latest technology: Use the latest technology, such as biometric authentication or hardware tokens, to provide an extra layer of security and prevent unauthorized access. Brute Force Attacks A brute force attack is a type of cyberattack in which an attacker uses a trial-and-error method to guess a password or encryption key. In a brute force attack, the attacker attempts to guess the correct password by systematically trying all possible combinations of characters until the correct password is found. Brute force attacks are commonly used to gain unauthorized access to user accounts, computer systems, or encrypted data. The attacker uses a computer program that automates the process of generating and trying different combinations of passwords, and can test thousands or even millions of passwords in a short amount of time. Brute force attacks are particularly effective against weak passwords or passwords that are easily guessable, such as "password," "123456," or "qwerty." They can also be used against encryption keys or digital certificates, and are commonly used in attacks against wireless networks and web applications. To prevent brute force attacks, it is recommended to use strong and complex passwords, enable multi-factor authentication, limit login attempts, and use intrusion detection systems to monitor and detect suspicious activity. Additionally, using modern encryption algorithms and keeping software up to date can also help prevent brute force attacks. How to Prevent Brute Force Attacks: Use strong and complex passwords: Use strong passwords that are at least 12 characters long and contain a mix of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. Avoid using easily guessable passwords, such as "password," "123456," or "qwerty." Enable multi-factor authentication: Multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide at least two forms of identification, such as a password and a security token or biometric authentication. Limit login attempts: Limit the number of login attempts to prevent attackers from trying multiple passwords in quick succession. After a certain number of failed attempts, the account should be locked or require manual intervention to unlock. Use intrusion detection systems: Use intrusion detection systems to monitor and detect suspicious activity, such as repeated login attempts from the same IP address. Use CAPTCHA: Use CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) to prevent automated bots from submitting multiple login requests. Use rate limiting: Use rate limiting to prevent attackers from flooding a system with excessive traffic. This can limit the number of requests a user can make in a given time period. Keep software up to date: Keep software up-to-date to ensure that known vulnerabilities are patched and can't be exploited by attackers. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attacks Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of cyberattack that targets web applications. In an XSS attack, an attacker injects malicious code into a web page viewed by other users. The injected code can be in the form of a script, HTML, or other types of code. The attack occurs when a user visits a website that has been compromised with an XSS vulnerability. The attacker then injects malicious code into the website, and when other users visit the website, the injected code is executed in their browser. The malicious code can be used to steal sensitive information, such as login credentials, session tokens, or personal information. XSS attacks can be classified into two types: reflected and stored. Reflected XSS attacks occur when the malicious code is injected into a website and is reflected back to the user, often through a search or input field. Stored XSS attacks occur when the malicious code is injected into a website and is stored in the web application's database. When other users access the same page, the malicious code is executed, allowing the attacker to steal sensitive information. How to Prevent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attacks: Input validation: Validate user input and ensure that it contains only the expected data type and format. This can help prevent attackers from injecting malicious code into the web application. Output encoding: Encode user input when displaying it on a webpage to prevent the execution of any injected code. This can help prevent the web application from reflecting back the malicious code. Content security policy: Implement a content security policy that defines which sources are allowed to execute code on a webpage. This can help prevent attackers from injecting malicious scripts from untrusted sources. Sanitization: Sanitize user input to remove any malicious code or tags that may be injected. This can help prevent the execution of injected code. Use HTTPS: Use HTTPS to encrypt communications between the web application and the user's browser. This can help prevent attackers from intercepting or tampering with sensitive data. Keep software up to date: Keep software up to date to ensure that known vulnerabilities are patched and can't be exploited by attackers. SQL Injection Attacks SQL injection (SQLi) attacks are a type of web application attack that involve the injection of malicious SQL code into a web application's database. Attackers can use SQLi attacks to access, modify, or delete sensitive data stored in the database, and can also use them to execute unauthorized actions on the web application. SQLi attacks typically exploit vulnerabilities in the web application's input validation process, where user input is not properly sanitized or validated before being used in SQL queries. Attackers can then use this vulnerability to inject malicious SQL code into the web application's database. How to Prevent SQL Injection Attacks: Input validation and sanitization: Validate and sanitize user input to ensure that it contains only the expected data type and format, and to remove any malicious code or tags that may be injected. Parameterized queries: Use parameterized queries instead of dynamic queries to ensure that user input is not directly included in SQL statements. Least privilege: Grant the web application's database user account the least privilege required to perform its functions, to limit the damage that can be caused by a successful SQL injection attack. Use stored procedures: Use stored procedures to handle database access, which can help protect against SQL injection attacks by ensuring that the input is validated and sanitized before it is used in SQL queries. Keep software up to date: Keep software up to date to ensure that known vulnerabilities are patched and can't be exploited by attackers. Use a web application firewall (WAF): Implement a WAF to monitor and filter incoming traffic to the web application, blocking any malicious SQL injection attempts. File Inclusion Attacks File inclusion attacks are a type of web-based security vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject and execute malicious code in a web application. There are two types of file inclusion attacks: Local File Inclusion and Remote File Inclusion. In Local File Inclusion attacks, attackers exploit vulnerabilities in the web application to include and execute files that are stored on the same server as the web application. This allows attackers to access sensitive files, execute malicious code, or escalate their privileges on the server. In Remote File Inclusion attacks, attackers exploit vulnerabilities in the web application to include and execute files that are stored on a remote server. This allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on the target server, bypassing server-side security measures and potentially gaining access to sensitive data. How to Prevent File Inclusion Attacks: Input validation and sanitization: Validate and sanitize user input to ensure that it contains only the expected data type and format, and to remove any malicious code or tags that may be injected. Read the full article

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ethnus · 2 years ago

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What Is Cybersecurity, Its Types, and Cyber Threats

Introduction

Cybersecurity employs technology, procedures, and controls to protect systems, networks, programs, devices, and data from attacks. Its objectives are to lower the dangers of cyberattacks and safeguard against unauthorized use of technology, networks, and systems. Multiple layers of security are dispersed across the networks, computers, programs, or information that one wants to keep secure in an effective cyber security strategy. For a business to successfully defend itself against cyberattacks, the processes, people, and technology must work harmoniously. By automating interconnections across a few Cisco Security products, a unified threat management system may speed up crucial cyber security operations tasks like investigation, detection, and remediation.

Why Is Cyber Security Essential?

Cybersecurity is a field that deals with ways to protect systems and services from malicious online factors, including hackers, spammers, and cybercriminals. While specific cybersecurity components are built to launch an attack right away, most experts are concerned with figuring out how to safeguard all resources, from computers and cell phones to databases and networks, against attacks. Now that we have understood what cyber security is, let us get into why cyber security is important.

Globally, a data breach will cost an average of USD 3.86 million in 2020, whereas it will cost an average of $8.64 million in the United States. These charges include the costs of finding and addressing the breach, lost revenue and downtime, and the protracted reputational harm to a company and its brand. Customers’ Personally Identifiable Information (PII), such as names, national identification numbers, addresses, and credit card numbers, is the target of cybercriminals, who then sell these records in unregulated online black markets. Customer distrust is frequently lost due to compromised PII, which can result in regulatory penalties and legal action.

Cybersecurity is crucial since it guards against the theft and destruction of many types of data. This covers delicate information, protected health information, personally identifiable information, data about intellectual property, personal data, and information systems used by the government and business. Your company cannot protect itself from data breach operations without a cybersecurity program, making it an unavoidable target for cybercriminals. Thus the importance of cybersecurity is rising with the increase in cybersecurity threats.

Types of Cyber Security Threats

Cybersecurity threats are actions by someone with malicious intent to steal data, harm computing systems, or disrupt them. The costliest and most rapidly expanding type of cybercrime is information theft, caused mainly by developing identity information vulnerabilities on the web through cloud services. Cyber threats can come from various sources, including adversarial nations and terrorist organizations, lone hackers, and legitimate users who use their rights for evil purposes. Let’s look at some of the common cyber security threats.

Malware: Malicious software variations, such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and spyware that grant illegal access or harm a computer, are called “malware.”

Ransomware: Ransomware is a virus that encrypts files, data, or systems and demands a ransom payment from the cybercriminals who attacked the system to unlock it. If the ransom is not paid, the data may be erased, destroyed, or made public.

Phishing: User-sensitive information, or PII, is obtained through social engineering techniques like phishing.

Insider threats: If they misuse their access privileges, former or current employees, contractors, business partners, or anybody else who has previously accessed systems or networks can be considered an insider threat. Traditional security measures that concentrate on external threats, such as intrusion detection systems and firewalls, may not be able to detect insider threats.

Attacks by “Man-in-the-Middle”: An eavesdropping technique known as “man-in-the-middle” involves a cybercriminal intercepting and relaying information between two parties to extract passwords and other sensitive information.

Challenges Faced by Cyber Security Threats

Hackers, privacy concerns, data loss, risk management, and evolving cybersecurity tactics all present ongoing cybersecurity threats. In the foreseeable future, it is not anticipated that the number of cyberattacks will decline. The advent of the Internet of Things has also added attack access points, necessitating a more significant network and device security requirement.

The fact that security dangers are constantly changing is one of the most challenging aspects of cybersecurity. New attack vectors are created due to the emergence of new technologies and their use in novel or unconventional ways. It might be challenging to keep up with these constant changes and advancements in attacks and to update procedures to defend against them. Concerns include ensuring that all cybersecurity components are regularly updated to guard against vulnerabilities. To read the full blog click: https://codemithra.com/what-is-cybersecurity-its-types-and-cyber-threats/

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emrantusho · 2 years ago

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All About Black Hat Hacking...

Black Hat hacking refers to the use of hacking techniques for malicious purposes, such as unauthorized access to systems, stealing sensitive information, or spreading malware. It is illegal and unethical and can result in serious consequences, such as fines, imprisonment, and harm to an individual's or a company's reputation. Black Hat hackers often operate with the intention of financial gain or to cause disruption. In contrast, White Hat hacking is ethical hacking done for security purposes, such as identifying vulnerabilities to improve the security of a system.

Black Hat techniques include:

Social engineering - tricking people into revealing sensitive information Exploits - taking advantage of vulnerabilities in software or hardware Malware - software designed to cause harm to systems or steal information Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks - overwhelming a website or network with traffic Phishing - tricking people into revealing sensitive information via fake emails or websites Black Hat hacking activities can result in significant financial losses, data breaches, and reputation damage. Companies and governments employ cyber security professionals and implement security measures to prevent and detect Black Hat hacking. It is important to practice good cyber hygiene and be cautious of suspicious emails, links, and downloads to avoid falling victim to Black Hat hackers.

Additionally, Black Hat hacking can also have wider societal impacts, such as:

Election interference - hacking into voting systems or spreading false information to influence election outcomes Infrastructure attacks - targeting critical infrastructure systems, such as power grids or transportation systems, to cause disruption and chaos Cyber espionage - stealing sensitive information from governments or corporations for political or economic gain To combat Black Hat hacking, organizations and individuals should adopt proactive security measures such as regularly applying software updates, using strong passwords, and implementing multi-factor authentication. They can also educate their employees about good cyber hygiene practices and stay informed about the latest threats and trends in the world of cyber security. Additionally, international cooperation and collaboration between governments, law enforcement agencies, and the private sector is essential to mitigate the effects of Black Hat hacking.

It's also important to note that the tactics and techniques used by Black Hat hackers are constantly evolving and adapting to new technologies and advancements. This highlights the need for ongoing efforts to improve cybersecurity measures and stay ahead of potential threats.

Moreover, many Black Hat hackers are highly skilled and often work in organized groups. They use sophisticated tools and methods to evade detection and cover their tracks, making it difficult for law enforcement agencies to identify and apprehend them.

To protect against Black Hat hacking, organizations and individuals can utilize various security tools and technologies, such as firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and antivirus software. They can also engage in regular security audits, penetration testing, and threat hunting to proactively identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities.

In conclusion, Black Hat hacking is a serious issue that can cause significant harm to individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. It's crucial for everyone to be aware of the dangers and take proactive steps to protect themselves and their systems from these malicious attacks.

Another aspect to consider is the motivation behind Black Hat hacking. Some hackers may be driven by financial gain, while others may be motivated by political or ideological beliefs. For example, hacktivist groups may engage in Black Hat hacking to draw attention to a particular cause or to protest against a government or corporation.

Furthermore, there is a growing trend of state-sponsored Black Hat hacking, where governments or state-sponsored actors engage in cyber attacks for political or military purposes. These types of attacks can have far-reaching consequences and pose a significant threat to national security and global stability.

In light of these developments, governments and organizations must not only focus on improving their technical security measures, but also enhance their ability to respond to and recover from cyber attacks. This includes implementing incident response plans, conducting regular crisis drills, and maintaining a robust backup and disaster recovery strategy.

Finally, it's important to recognize that the impact of Black Hat hacking extends beyond the immediate damage caused by the attack itself. The loss of trust and confidence in technology and online systems can have long-lasting effects on individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. This highlights the need for continued efforts to educate and raise awareness about cybersecurity, and to encourage a collective approach to securing the digital world.

In addition, there has been a growing trend of using Artificial Intelligence and machine learning in Black Hat hacking. Hackers can leverage these technologies to automate their attacks and evade detection. For example, they can use AI to generate convincing phishing emails, to find and exploit vulnerabilities in software, or to carry out large-scale DDoS attacks.

This highlights the need for organizations and individuals to stay informed about the latest developments in AI and machine learning and to understand their potential impact on cybersecurity. Moreover, it is important for the cybersecurity industry to incorporate these technologies into their own solutions in order to better detect and prevent Black Hat hacking activities.

Another trend to note is the increasing use of cryptocurrencies in Black Hat hacking. These attacks can result in the theft of large sums of money and the damage to an individual's or organization's reputation. To mitigate these risks, it is important for organizations to implement robust security measures for their cryptocurrency wallets and exchanges and to educate their employees about the potential dangers of these attacks.

In conclusion, the world of Black Hat hacking is complex and constantly evolving. It requires a multi-faceted approach that involves technical measures, awareness and education, and international collaboration to effectively combat these malicious activities.

Additionally, cloud computing has also become a new target for Black Hat hackers. With more and more data and applications being stored in the cloud, the potential impact of a successful attack can be significant. Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities in cloud infrastructure or gain access to sensitive data through misconfigured permissions or weak passwords.

To protect against these types of attacks, organizations must implement strong security controls for their cloud environment, including encryption, access controls, and monitoring for suspicious activity. They must also ensure that their employees are aware of the security risks associated with cloud computing and are trained in best practices for securing their data in the cloud.

Another important issue to consider is the potential for supply chain attacks, where a hacker targets a third-party vendor in order to gain access to a larger target organization. This highlights the need for organizations to assess and monitor the security posture of their suppliers and partners, and to include security requirements in their contracts and agreements.

Moreover, the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has also created new opportunities for Black Hat hackers. Many IoT devices lack basic security features and can be easily compromised, potentially exposing sensitive information or allowing hackers to gain control of these devices and use them for malicious purposes.

In conclusion, the increasing number of connected devices and the growing use of cloud computing and other technologies have created new and complex challenges for organizations in terms of cybersecurity. It is crucial for organizations to stay informed about these developments and to take a proactive and comprehensive approach to securing their systems and data against Black Hat hacking activities.

Lastly, the aftermath of a Black Hat hacking attack can have far-reaching consequences. Beyond the immediate damage caused by the attack, organizations may face legal and financial liabilities, reputational harm, and loss of customer trust. This highlights the importance of having a comprehensive incident response plan in place, which should include procedures for containing and mitigating the impact of an attack, as well as for reporting and communicating with stakeholders.

Moreover, organizations must also be prepared to manage the aftermath of a data breach, which can involve notifying affected individuals, providing credit monitoring services, and cooperating with law enforcement. The financial and legal costs of a data breach can be substantial, and organizations must have the resources and contingency plans in place to effectively manage these risks.

In addition, it is important for organizations to consider the long-term implications of a Black Hat hacking attack. For example, they may need to invest in upgrading or replacing outdated systems and infrastructure, or to implement additional security measures to prevent future attacks.

In conclusion, the threat posed by Black Hat hacking is significant, and organizations must take a comprehensive and proactive approach to securing their systems and data. This includes implementing strong technical controls, raising awareness and educating employees, and having a robust incident response plan in place.

Furthermore, the use of ransomware has become a common tactic among Black Hat hackers. Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment in exchange for the decryption key. This can result in significant disruption and financial losses for organizations.

To protect against ransomware attacks, organizations should implement regular backups of their data, and ensure that their backups are stored securely and can be easily recovered in the event of an attack. They should also implement strong anti-malware and anti-virus solutions, and educate their employees about the risks of phishing and other social engineering attacks that can deliver ransomware.

Another threat to consider is the rise of state-sponsored hacking, where a nation-state uses Black Hat tactics to advance its political or economic objectives. These types of attacks can be highly sophisticated and difficult to detect, and can result in significant damage to critical infrastructure and national security.

To mitigate the risk of state-sponsored hacking, organizations must stay informed about the latest developments in this area, and implement strong security measures such as encryption and multi-factor authentication. They must also be prepared to cooperate with law enforcement and other government agencies in the event of a breach.

In conclusion, the threat posed by Black Hat hacking is a growing concern, and organizations must take a comprehensive approach to securing their systems and data. This includes implementing strong technical controls, raising awareness and educating employees, and having a robust incident response plan in place. It also requires organizations to stay informed about the latest developments in the cybersecurity landscape and to adapt their defenses accordingly.

Additionally, the use of AI and machine learning by Black Hat hackers is a rapidly growing concern. These technologies can be used to automate the discovery and exploitation of vulnerabilities, as well as to evade detection by security systems.

To defend against these threats, organizations must stay informed about the latest developments in AI and machine learning, and invest in the development of these technologies for defensive purposes. For example, organizations can use AI and machine learning to automate the detection and remediation of vulnerabilities, or to detect and respond to threats in real-time.

Moreover, the rise of decentralized systems, such as blockchain and peer-to-peer networks, has also created new challenges for organizations in terms of cybersecurity. These systems are often designed to be highly resistant to tampering and censorship, but they can also make it difficult to detect and remediate malicious activities.

To mitigate these risks, organizations must stay informed about the latest developments in decentralized systems, and invest in the development of secure and scalable solutions. For example, they can use blockchain and peer-to-peer networks to secure their data and transactions, while also implementing strong access controls and monitoring mechanisms to detect and respond to malicious activities.

In conclusion, the cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, and organizations must stay informed about the latest threats and developments in order to effectively defend against Black Hat hacking activities. This requires a proactive and comprehensive approach, including investment in the development of new technologies for defensive purposes, and the implementation of strong technical controls and best practices.

It's also important for organizations to regularly assess their cyber security posture and identify areas for improvement. This includes conducting regular vulnerability assessments, penetration testing, and security audits to identify and remediate weaknesses in systems and processes. Organizations should also consider implementing security frameworks such as NIST, CIS, or ISO 27001 to ensure that their security practices are aligned with industry standards and best practices.

Another crucial aspect of defending against Black Hat hacking is incident response planning. Organizations should have a well-defined incident response plan in place that outlines procedures for responding to a breach or attack, including how to contain and mitigate the impact, how to communicate with stakeholders, and how to coordinate with law enforcement. Regular tabletop exercises can help organizations test and refine their incident response plans.

It's also important for organizations to educate their employees on the importance of cybersecurity and how they can help to protect the organization from Black Hat hacking activities. This includes providing training on topics such as phishing, password management, and identifying suspicious activity. Employees should also be made aware of the consequences of engaging in malicious activities, such as downloading malicious software or visiting unauthorized websites.

In conclusion, organizations must adopt a multi-layered approach to defend against Black Hat hacking activities. This includes implementing strong technical controls, conducting regular security assessments, having a robust incident response plan in place, and educating employees on the importance of cybersecurity. Organizations must also stay informed about the latest threats and trends in the cyber security landscape, and continuously adapt their defenses accordingly.

Another important aspect of defending against Black Hat hacking is developing a culture of cybersecurity within the organization. This includes fostering a shared understanding of the importance of cybersecurity and the role that everyone plays in protecting the organization. It also includes providing the necessary resources and support to ensure that employees have the knowledge and tools they need to defend against threats.

It's also important for organizations to work closely with their vendors and partners to ensure that they are following best practices and that their security posture is aligned with the organization's security requirements. This includes implementing security controls such as due diligence, risk assessments, and regular security audits of third-party vendors and partners.

Organizations should also consider implementing security information and event management (SIEM) solutions to monitor and respond to security events in real-time. SIEM solutions can provide centralized logging, real-time alerting, and correlation of security events from multiple sources, allowing organizations to detect and respond to threats quickly and effectively.

Finally, organizations should consider participating in threat intelligence sharing programs, such as information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs), to stay informed about the latest threats and to collaborate with other organizations to improve their defenses. Threat intelligence sharing can help organizations to identify and remediate threats more quickly and effectively, and to stay ahead of the evolving threat landscape.

In conclusion, organizations must take a holistic approach to defending against Black Hat hacking activities, including developing a culture of cybersecurity, working closely with vendors and partners, implementing security information and event management solutions, and participating in threat intelligence sharing programs. By adopting these best practices, organizations can better defend against Black Hat hacking activities and protect their systems, data, and reputation.

One additional aspect to consider is that of insurance. While insurance cannot prevent Black Hat hacking, it can help organizations to mitigate the financial losses and other impacts associated with a breach. Organizations should consider purchasing cyber insurance to help cover the costs of responding to a breach, such as hiring forensic investigators, notifying affected individuals, and providing credit monitoring services.

Organizations should also consider incorporating cybersecurity provisions into their contracts with vendors and partners. This includes requiring that vendors implement appropriate security controls, such as encryption and access controls, and requiring that they provide notification in the event of a breach. Organizations can also require that vendors maintain insurance coverage to help cover the costs of responding to a breach.

Finally, it's important for organizations to stay informed about the latest regulations and laws related to cybersecurity. This includes data protection and privacy laws, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), as well as sector-specific regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) for the healthcare industry. Organizations should ensure that their security practices are aligned with these regulations to avoid fines and reputational damage.

In conclusion, organizations must consider a wide range of factors to defend against Black Hat hacking activities, including insurance, contracts with vendors and partners, and staying informed about relevant regulations and laws. By adopting a comprehensive and proactive approach, organizations can better defend against Black Hat hacking and protect their systems, data, and reputation.

Another important aspect to consider is the role of international cooperation in combating Black Hat hacking activities. Cybercrime is a global problem that transcends borders, and organizations must work together to share information and best practices to better defend against these threats. This includes participating in international initiatives such as the Global Cybersecurity Alliance and the International Association of Cybersecurity Professionals.

International cooperation also involves law enforcement agencies working together to track down and prosecute individuals involved in Black Hat hacking activities. This includes the FBI's Cyber Division, Europol's European Cybercrime Centre (EC3), and Interpol's Cybercrime Programme. These agencies work together to identify and track cybercriminals, share intelligence, and coordinate efforts to bring them to justice.

Organizations can also benefit from participating in information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs) and other industry groups to stay informed about the latest threats and to collaborate with other organizations to improve their defenses. Threat intelligence sharing can help organizations to identify and remediate threats more quickly and effectively, and to stay ahead of the evolving threat landscape.

Finally, organizations must stay informed about the latest technology trends and innovations in the cybersecurity landscape. This includes staying up-to-date on the latest security products and services, as well as emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, which can help organizations to detect and respond to threats more effectively.

In conclusion, organizations must consider international cooperation, information sharing, and staying informed about the latest technology trends to better defend against Black Hat hacking activities. By working together and staying informed, organizations can better protect their systems, data, and reputation.

An additional factor to consider is user awareness and education. The weakest link in an organization's security chain is often its users, who may unknowingly put the organization's data and systems at risk through poor security practices or by falling victim to social engineering attacks. To mitigate these risks, organizations should invest in user awareness and education programs that teach users about the latest threats and how to avoid them.

This can include providing training on topics such as phishing, password management, and safe browsing habits, and regularly testing users to assess their understanding of security best practices. Organizations can also implement technical controls, such as multi-factor authentication and email filters, to help protect against user-targeted attacks.

Organizations should also have incident response plans in place to quickly and effectively respond to a security breach. This includes procedures for detecting, containing, and responding to a breach, as well as procedures for communicating with stakeholders, such as employees, customers, and partners. Organizations should regularly test their incident response plans to ensure that they are effective and that all stakeholders are familiar with their roles and responsibilities.

Finally, organizations must regularly assess and monitor their security posture to identify areas for improvement and to ensure that their defenses are keeping pace with the evolving threat landscape. This includes regular penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and security audits, as well as monitoring for unusual or suspicious activity on their networks. By continuously monitoring their security posture, organizations can better defend against Black Hat hacking activities and protect their systems, data, and reputation.

In conclusion, user awareness and education, incident response planning, and continuous security monitoring are critical components of an effective defense against Black Hat hacking activities. By investing in these areas, organizations can better protect themselves and their stakeholders from these threats.

Another important factor to consider is the role of government regulations and standards in combating Black Hat hacking. In many countries, governments have enacted laws and regulations aimed at reducing cybercrime and protecting citizens' data privacy. For example, in the European Union, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) sets strict requirements for how organizations must handle personal data and sets heavy fines for non-compliance. In the United States, organizations are subject to various laws and regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) for the healthcare industry, and the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) for organizations that accept credit card payments.

Adhering to these regulations and standards can help organizations to better protect themselves and their customers from Black Hat hacking activities. For example, by following the requirements of the GDPR, organizations can ensure that they are handling personal data in a secure and privacy-sensitive manner, reducing the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Additionally, organizations can benefit from certifying their security practices against industry-recognized standards, such as ISO 27001 for information security management and the SOC 2 standard for service providers. These certifications demonstrate an organization's commitment to security and provide assurance to customers and stakeholders that their data is being handled in a secure and responsible manner.

In conclusion, government regulations and standards play an important role in protecting against Black Hat hacking activities by setting minimum security requirements and promoting best practices. By adhering to these regulations and certifying their security practices, organizations can better protect themselves and their customers from these threats.

#blackhat #blackhathacking #hacking

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tthaojaytee1920152 · 4 years ago

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Week 12: Security Trends in cybersecurity in 2021

1. Intentional attacks originated from attacks on the software supply chain

During the fourth quarter of 2020, a series of attacks on the software supply chain took place. The most serious is the attack on installing malicious code in the software update SolarWinds Orion. SolarWinds is a company specializing in providing network management software for many government agencies and large businesses in the US and other nations. It is a form of attacking through a detour, rather than performing directly on targets (cooperates, conglomerates, political sides). Therefore, it will be troublesome to detect and handle attacks.

A supply chain attack is an attack that targets a business through its suppliers. This means the business that owns the larger or more complex the supply chain, the higher the risk of attack. The consequences of these attacks on businesses: information leakage, business disruption, revenue decline, reputation - brand damage and loss of opportunities for investment

The main reason for attacks on the supply chain is the loose security system in the operational process and cooperation between the parties. Specifically, many businesses allow suppliers access to "sensitive" information, which affects the business when it is exposed. An exploited supplier can have a wide range of effects on the partners that receive supplies from that supplier.

2. Cybercriminals will target 5G in 2021

Most countries are currently testing 5G. Therefore, the scenario of attack through this technology is still only the scenario that the security world gives. However, this will change next year as 5G becomes available in more regions. According to security firm Fortinet (USA), cybercriminals can take advantage of devices using 5G technology and speed improvements to create new threats at unprecedented speeds and scales.

The power of 5G is not only on smartphones, the new generation of networks with low latency, but fast transmission speed will also usher in a new era of IoT. Millions of smart devices will associate to operate smart homes, industrial parks and even smart cities. Hence, only by exploiting a vulnerability from a device, can hackers penetrate the whole system to steal data, hijack and execute attacks.

Shortly, smart devices are no longer simply targets for cybercriminals' attacks but become the "pathways" for larger attack processes. Currently, many social network users are tricked into transferring money, being lured to download files and click on links containing malicious code. In the era of 5G and IoT, hackers can silently monitor daily schedules. , habits and collection of some financial information about users, thereby creating credibility and increasing success rates for non-technical scams.

3. Industrial control equipment systems have become targets of hackers

Industrial Control System (ICS) is a combination of technical means, software programs and people that control production technology in an industrial facility. Attacks on ICS have a common feature of being highly complex, meticulously prepared and implemented in stages, with devastating consequences. This is due to the complex structure and distinct characteristics of industrial control systems compared to conventional IT systems.

In recent years, these systems are becoming the target of high-tech criminals. Examples are the attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities, German chemical plants, and Ukraine's electricity grid.

4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the main solution in detecting and preventing cyberattacks

The advancement of AI has brought machine learning to all areas, including network security. Advanced algorithms have been used by security experts for face recognition, language processing, and threat detection. On the other hand, AI is also used by hackers to develop more sophisticated malware and attack methods, requiring businesses. Organizations must have more advanced solutions to prevent and protect the system.

Therefore, the development of Artificial Intelligence is critical to the protection against attacks that are constantly evolving. AI will need to be up to date with the next generation. That includes using local network nodes from machine learning as part of an integrated system similar to the human nervous system. Improved technology with AI that is visible, predictable and resistant to future attacks will need to be crucial as the cyber attacks of the future will only happen in seconds. The leading role of the person and computer will ensure that security systems are well-informed, not only proactively against attacks, but also genuinely anticipating these events to avoid them.

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ruralhealthleadershipforum · 4 years ago

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Healthcare is the New Gold Mine | Patient Records Are the Richest Targets

Imagine you’re running a medical facility with a full day of surgeries planned back-to-back. It’s early in the morning and you’re bringing in the first patient of the day when suddenly the screens on your patient record system are locked down. Critical information like blood type, medicinal allergies, and surgical details are scrambled and incoherent. You call your IT department and they inform you that your records are being held hostage and you’ll have to pay a ransom to get back to normal.

Everything for that day is put on hold. Patients who were expecting relief from the ailments are rescheduled for another day. Your revenue stream is disrupted. Operations are upended. Patients are always your first priority, but now your hands are tied until you’ve solved your ransomware issue.

That’s a nightmare scenario that’s bad for the facilities and the patients. It’s a problem that’s not only not going away, it’s getting worse. According to a report in Security Boulevard, the US observed 145.2 million ransomware hits in Q3 of 2019, which is a 139% year-over-year increase. According to recent reports, the average breach costs an organization $3.92 million and the cybercrime syndicates responsible for these highly sophisticated attacks are growing rapidly throughout the world. They are having a devastating impact on business disrupting commerce, interfering with business operations, and holding critical health information for ransom.

So if these cybercriminals are after big money, what do smaller healthcare facilities have to worry about?

Healthcare Facilities Focus on Patients and Forget About Security

Initially, logic might suggest that if thieves were in search of money, they might go where the money is, such as a financial institution. While credit card companies and banks are obvious targets, when it comes to cybercrime, an FBI alert in November 2020, points out that hacking healthcare facilities bear greater rewards for much less effort as they are generally less prepared and have employees who are less aware of hacker tactics than financial institutions.

Why Personal Healthcare Information?

In addition to fact that healthcare facilities are less defended than financial institutions, the patient records held by healthcare facilities contain a uniquely valuable array of data including patient addresses, social security numbers, birthdates, spouses, and financial information all in one place. Unlike a credit card, this type of information can't be cancelled. With this information, it’s easy for a cybercriminal to steal a person’s identity, create false bank accounts, even apply for loans. Worse yet, once a cybercriminal steals this information, they’re free to sell it over and over again to the highest bidders.

Value of Personal Healthcare Information

The value of patient records has skyrocketed past that of more traditional data records like social security numbers and credit card information. On top of having access to data for sale on black markets, Provider ID numbers enable cyber criminals to prescribe narcotics and other controlled substances. These prescriptions can then be filled and sold illegally. Most employees of healthcare organizations are completely unaware of the far-reaching implications which create the high value of their patient records.

Here’s how the value of a patient record breaks down on the dark web today:

Social Security Number: $1 per record Credit Card Data: $110 per record Patient Health Record: Up To $1275 per record

A facility with merely 5000 records is worth half a million dollars to cybercriminals on the dark web. And that’s even before they make repeat sales.

Constant Vigilance

Cyberattacks are constant and their impact is real. Waiting until an attack happens is not the time to focus your attention on the problem. It is essential that your facility has a plan to prevent attacks, that you have regular and effective staff training to know how to avoid malicious emails and malware, and finally, having a system to track your evidence of effort in the event an attack occurs.

Join the next Rural Health Leadership Cybersecurity Forum to learn the first 3 Steps to organizing your HSC Security team.

#cyberthreats #cybersecurity #rural health #healthcare #hackers #firewall #solarwinds #news

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coleoneil · 4 years ago

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What is a DDoS attack and Anti-DDoS methods

As technological solutions emerge, new methods of computer warfare also appear that threaten the security of our platforms. One of the most traditional cyber-attacks is carried out using the DDoS method. This technique dates back to the early 2000s, but according to Akamai reports, DDoS attacks have been on the rise since 2014. On October 21, 2016, one of the most severe massive DDoS attacks in the world took place, disrupting the services of large companies such as PayPal, Spotify, Twitter and Netflix. According to The Guardian, this attack was the most massive of its kind in history.

What is a DDoS attack and what does it consist of?

Let's start by defining a simple denial of service or DoS attack. The final objective of a DoS attack is to consume the resources of the target machine or network causing the unavailability of its services. This is not a hacking attack, as a denial of service attack is not designed to steal confidential information or break into a system in a forced manner, but rather to interrupt the services offered by that system, which can be an application/web site or any IT platform connected to the Internet. Some hackers, however, can take advantage of this temporary vulnerability to perpetuate other types of attacks.

Difference between DoS and DDoS

Let's look at a simple analogy: suppose a large store with enough staff and products opens a new offer, free PS4 consoles! The number of customers trying to purchase the product will cause your resources to collapse, so it is very likely that the store will have to close temporarily, preventing customers from accessing your services.

Now suppose a more cunning attacker wants to attack the store with more customers and inserts a chip that turns thousands of customers into zombies -yes, this is the IT term for an intruder-controlled computer- to drain more and more resources from that store. This is what a DDoS or distributed denial of service attack is all about. A stresser/booter is used for this type of attack.

A DoS attack is carried out using a single Internet connection, taking advantage of software vulnerabilities or overflowing the attacked machine with fake requests with the intention of overloading network resources, RAM or CPU usage. In contrast, and as we can see in the analogy, a DDoS attack is perpetuated from several devices across the Internet network. In general, these attacks are executed using many computers in a network, in the order of hundreds or thousands. How do so many people manage to agree on such an attack? The reality is that the vast majority of device owners running a DDoS attack have no idea they are part of the attack, this is because a Trojan/Malware/bot infects the devices and takes over the attack.

The large number of devices sending requests saturates the target computer or network, making it unavailable. This also makes determining the source of the attack extremely difficult. There are different types of DDoS attacks, which are described in the section Types of DDoS attacks and how they are carried out.

What is a botnet?

The group of devices infected with a bot that can be managed remotely is called a botnet. Also called "zombie armies" (zombies are the equivalent of computer bots), they are the source of a DDoS attack. Due to the geographical dispersion of the computers that make up a botnet, it is almost impossible to find a pattern of attacking devices.

What is the impact of a DDoS attack?

The impact of a DDoS attack that achieves its objective is very extensive. Suppose you have a large retail consortium -like Amazon- and your service is affected for 24 hours or more. The first impact is usually economic. And it's not just the impact on major sales losses, it also affects your reputation, service level agreements are violated, your numbers drop in availability, and statistically important values such as quality of service and experience (QoS and QoE) are impacted.

This is why it is so important that you are protected against these attacks, or that you are prepared for their imminent occurrence. At OpenCloud we are pioneers in offering Anti-DOS solutions in Chile and Latin America, with which you can avoid the occurrence of these types of attacks or mitigate the problem, addressing it with mitigation methods used by large companies. For more information go to the Anti-DDoS Methods section.

Types of DDoS attacks and how they are carried out

We can divide DDoS attacks into two main categories within the OSI model: network layer attacks and application layer attacks.

DDoS attacks in the application layer

These attacks are usually of a smaller scale, and are aimed at directly affecting the web server, without adverse effects on other ports and services. These types of attacks consume little bandwidth and include: HTTP overflows, slow attacks with tools such as Slowloris or RUDY, "day zero" attacks (taking advantage of vulnerabilities before they are discovered/solved by the manufacturer) and DNS request overflow attacks.

Slowloris sends partial requests to the target server, to keep connections open for as long as possible. At the same time, it sends large numbers of HTTP headers at certain time intervals that increase the number of requests, but never complete a connection. In this way, the victim's resources are affected, making it impossible for them to continue providing their services. This attack only affects the web server.

For its part, RUDY focuses on web applications by consuming all available sessions on the web server. It simulates a user who has a very slow Internet connection and sends HTTP POST packets -like those of a web form-, forcing the server to wait a long time until the request is completed. It is a slow attack, but is usually effective as it takes advantage of this HTTP vulnerability.

DDoS attacks in the network layer

These types of attacks try to take advantage of network and transport layer vulnerabilities (layers 3 and 4 of the OSI model), sending more packets or more bandwidth than the target server can support. The major attacks we usually read about in media reports are DDoS attacks on the network layer.

Attacks under this category usually cause a total interruption of service or serious operational damage. These attacks consume so many network resources that they are usually measured in the order of Gbps (gigabits per second), the largest ones even exceeding 300 Gbps.

Attacks of this type include:

● SYN overflows: this attack exploits a small vulnerability in TCP connections. Attackers send a request in a SYN synchronization packet to the victim server, but mask the attacker's IP address (or the zombies in a botnet). Although the connection request looks real, the victim, when trying to respond to the connection request with an ACK message, does not find the attacker, slowing down the connection process and leaving connections open. By multiplying these requests by hundreds of thousands, the server consumes all available network resources and stops working.

● DNS overflow: The attacker points to one or more DNS servers and sends apparently valid traffic, when in reality it is a question of badly formed packets, exhausting the resources of the recursive DNS server and preventing it from processing the requests that are real.

● UDP overflow: in this case the attacker floods random ports of the victim with IP packets containing UDP datagrams. The victim searches for the associated service and when it does not get anything, it returns an "Unreachable Destination" packet. As it receives and responds to more packets, it becomes saturated and stops responding to other clients.

● UDP-based amplification attacks: this type of attack is based on saturation of other services such as [DNS] (name translation to IPs on the Internet), NTP (synchronization of the computer clock on the Internet) or SSDP (searching for UPnP devices on the network) by sending large amounts of UDP packets. They are called amplification attacks because the attacker uses amplification techniques that can exaggerate the size of UDP packets, making the attack very powerful.

● Ping of death: in this case, the attacker sends badly formed ICMP packets (slightly above the standardized limit of 65,535 bytes) using a simple ping command. When the victim server tries to reconstruct these packets it consumes a lot of resources; by considerably multiplying the number of packets sent via ping the server hangs.

● There are other attacks such as NUKE and SMURF (smurf) that also take advantage of IP protocol vulnerabilities and ICMP messages to cause saturation and a final network overflow.

Why do you carry out DDoS attacks?

There are many different reasons for performing a DDoS attack, the most common causes include:

● Hacktivism: this word comes from hacker and activism; this is one of the most common reasons for these attacks. It is a way for hackers or hacker organizations -like Anonymous- to express their critical opinion on issues of large corporations or politics.

● Extortion: this is another increasingly popular motive. Here, attackers extort medium and large companies to hand over money in exchange for not carrying out a DDoS attack.

● Cyber-vandalism: These are generally less experienced attackers who use tools and scripts already developed to carry out an attack simply for the sake of fun or unethical revenge.

● Competition in the market: these competitive attacks are usually triggered by rivalry between companies or simply as a form of dirty market competition; for example: attacks on servers of online games companies, or attacks on companies selling services and products on crucial days, such as Black Friday.

Anti-DDoS Methods

DoS-based attacks cannot be prevented. You must accept the fact that the attackers are likely to act and will succeed in reaching the target. However, let's look at some steps to prepare you in case of such an attack. What we can do is make our platform more difficult to penetrate, and be prepared to take action in the event of an attack. Let's look at some recommendations for preparing for DDoS cyber-attacks:

● Invest in building a robust platform: If you own a large platform that offers services or products that generate revenue or commercial value, you should invest in the security of your applications. Many times companies are reluctant to pay for services they don't use, however, this can be a very small expense when compared to the losses that a DDoS attack can generate.

● Implement a monitoring tool for your systems: there are many tools available on the market, OpenCloud offers a monitoring solution to monitor the most important values of your CloudServer, however, it is advisable to implement a monitoring solution in a different network segment to be aware of unusual changes in the use of bandwidth, CPU and memory. Conduct stress tests: Another good idea is to use tools for third-party DDoS attacks and do testing before your platform goes into production, so you know how your system behaves in different DDoS scenarios.

● Watch out for social networks and news blogs about DDoS threats. You can use Info Risk Today's RSS crawlers to keep up to date with the latest cyber threats.

● During a DDoS attack, the log file record grows exponentially and can be the cause of your service interruption. As soon as you become aware that you are a victim of a DDoS attack, start deleting the dump files that start to be created due to the amount of general errors. One of the secrets of DDoS attacks is to cause large loads on instances of the system other than those attacked a priori. A good idea is to completely disable the generation of logs while the attack lasts.

● Mitigating DDoS attacks with OpenCloud

● OpenCloud offers a solution that helps redirect traffic corresponding to a DDoS attack on your website, diverting it to another point in the network. Traffic - national and international - entering your network is carefully inspected, filtered and discarded. In addition, we use IP masking on your CloudServer, preventing direct attacks on your IP address. This is an ideal solution for gamers or users with broad platforms that require more advanced levels of security.

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iammickwhite-cn · 6 years ago

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UNIT 1

UNDERSTANDING

1.1 Basic Nature of Cyber Threats:

Nothing seems sacred these days. Where there are a computer and someone with the capability and devious mind, you could potentially find a cyber threat. The trouble is, the nature of cyber threats have changed both in kind and intensity. The global States have raised their game and increased their intensity. What may have been spotty-faced teenagers operating from their mother’s basement, has transferred cyber threats as a major security challenge for businesses. The threat is a possible danger that might exploit a vulnerability to breach security and therefore cause possible harm. A threat can be either “intentional” (i.e. hacking: an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or state-sponsored. In this definition, the threat is defined as a possibility. However, in the cybersecurity community, the threat is more closely identified with the actor or adversary attempting to gain access to a system. Or a threat might be identified by the damage being done, what is being stolen or the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP) being used.”In this definition, the threat is defined as a possibility. However, in the cybersecurity community, the threat is more closely identified with the actor or adversary attempting to gain access to a system. Or a threat might be identified by the damage being done, what is being stolen or the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP) being used”.1

1.2 Overview of Common Threats:

Insider threats:” An insider threat is a malicious threat to an organization that comes from people within the organization, such as employees, former employees, contractors or business associates, who have inside information concerning the organization’s security practices, data and computer systems.”

The insider threat, whereby an employee acts, knowingly or unknowingly, in a counter-productive way to cause significant damage to his/her organization, has become a key risk for organizations around the world. This is in part driven by the greater access individuals have to critical information and systems as organizations become more and more connected. In addition, ever more sophisticated methods of carrying out a cyber attack and the availability of more outlets for leaking information are increasing the threat.[2]

Cryptojacking attacks: A cryptographic attack is a method for circumventing the security of a cryptographic system by finding a weakness in a code, cipher, cryptographic protocol or key management scheme. This process is also called “cryptanalysis”. SQL injection Attack: A code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which criminal SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker). SQL injection must exploit a security vulnerability in an application’s software, for example, when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and unexpectedly executed. SQL injection is mostly known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack any type of SQL database.

Phishing: Fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by disguising as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication. Typically carried out by email spoofing or instant messaging, it often directs users to enter personal information at a fake website, the look and feel of which are identical to the legitimate site. Phishing is an example of social engineering techniques being used.

Ransomware: A type of malicious software from that threatens to publish the victim’s data or perpetually block access to it unless a ransom is paid. More advanced malware uses a technique called cryptoviral extortion, in which it encrypts the victim’s files, making them inaccessible, and demands a ransom payment to decrypt them.

Advanced malware attacks: These typically follow a common attack sequence: Planning: Involves selecting a target and researching the target’s infrastructure to determine how the malware will be introduced, the communication methods used while the attack is in progress, and how/where the data will be extracted.

1.3 Main features of threats to individuals:

From identity theft and fraud to social networking hacking attacks, everybody needs to be sure their safe. Knowledge is key as the saying goes. Your personal details, pictures, account details, and much more concerning yourself can potentially be exploited by the criminal.

1.4 Main features of threats to companies:

The reputation of your company, and of course the day to day functioning are under threat from cybercriminals. Various types of viruses and hacks can bring your business to its knees.

The number one weak link for businesses when it comes to cybersecurity — by a long, long way — is the people who work in the business.

From falling for phishing emails, and clicking on links or downloading documents that turn out to be malware, to being a victim of business email compromise (BEC) scams that end up losing the company a lot of money, employees are a company’s greatest liability when it comes to cybersecurity.

See also: https://thehackernews.com/2017/09/blueborne-bluetooth-hacking.html

Figure 1: Explanation from CIO|INSIGHT on Today’s security issues for businesses.[3]

1.5:

Analyze and Detail

2.1 Why do people cause and create security breaches:

For fun

Some hackers make attempts on computers, servers or network systems just for the personal gratification. Others may feel that they need to prove something to their peers or friends and hack something only for the challenge

To Steal

Another reason to hack a system is to steal information or money. A large portion of hacking attempts falls into this category. Banks and large companies are common targets for hacking jobs, but sometimes smaller companies or even a specific person’s computer are targeted, as well.

To disrupt

There are also some hackers, including hacking groups; that target a company to disrupt business, create chaos and just be a nuisance. These groups often are trying to make a statement with their hacking, demonstrate security inadequacies, or show general disapproval for the business itself. Examples of hacking groups that made headlines are Anonymous.

2.2 What is a threat and how do they work:

One resource demonstrates potential as “the possibility of a malicious attempt to damage or disrupt a computer network or system.”

The malicious programs inside e-mail attachments usually only strike if you open them. Effects of a virus can be anything from a simple prank that pops up messages to the complete destruction of programs and data.[4].

If a virus is sent through a network. This will spread like wildfire, even potentially globally. In some cases, it can change configurations of a database system (i.e; a worm).

2.3 Features of threats & How they operate:

IBM recently announced the shocking average cost of data breach. While down around 10 percent, the global average for a data breach is $3.62 million. For many companies, the cost of suffering a cyber attack is enough to take the business down entirely, so it has never been more vital for all organizations to invest in their cyber defenses. In order to equip suitable security, you first need to understand exactly where the danger comes from. Looking ahead to 2018, we examine the biggest cybersecurity threats both to individuals and companies across the world.[5]

WannaCry is so-called encryption-based ransomware also known as Wanna Decryptor or WCRY. It encrypts users files using AES and RSA encryption ciphers meaning the hackers can directly decrypt system files using a unique decryption key. From my research, especially remembering how much broadcast it received, it manipulated the laws that, basically, were prevalent at the time in many businesses, and specifically the NHS. People had not updated their systems often, and correctly. A playground for hackers.

2.4 How attack against companies works:

You work in the financial department of your company and you just got an email from an executive.

It instructs you to pay a sum of £78,000 before a specified time. It includes instructions for how to wire the money to your vendor’s bank.

You send the money, as requested, and it quickly moves to a number of small banks and then ultimately to an overseas account, where it is unlikely your company—or law enforcement—will be able to recover it. This is how phishing works.

2.5 Review & Hierarchy:

In the year 2011, a hacker was sentenced to nine years in prison because of the cyber-attack that he caused in a hospital. With this incident of physical damage to a hospital system, this individual used the skills that he had to install malware.

As a result of his action, the Hospital’s HVAC’s system was adversely altered causing the patient’s safety to be unduly jeopardized. By remotely controlling the temperature in the hospital, it posed an immediate threat since it placed drugs and other medical supplies at risk. In this situation, the hacker was controlling both the air and heating systems in the hospital from a remote location. Just goes to show how much of a danger some corrupted intentions can be used to cause massive, and potential health dangers.

Evaluate the impact of threats

3.5 Presentation with research document highlighting the affects:

3.1 According to on researcher[6] data breaches alone see upwards of 4.4 million data records being lost or stolen worldwide every single day. Take the 2015 data breach at UK telecoms company TalkTalk. Web pages containing databases no longer supported by their producer were accessed by hackers, who stole the personal data of 156,959 customers. The result was lots of negative publicity, reputational damage and a record fine of £400,000 from UK authorities.

One of the world’s largest DDoS attack ever took place in 2016, when US network provider Dyn was targeted. The attackers had harnessed the Internet of Things (internet enabled devices like cameras and fridges) to conduct the attack, and took down many major websites as a result. As the Internet of Things continues to expand, the risk is set to increase.

3.2 Hacking is a term used to describe actions taken by someone to gain unauthorized access to a computer. The availability of information online on the tools, techniques, and malware makes it easier for even non-technical people to undertake malicious activities.

What it is: The process by which cyber criminals gain access to your computer. What it can do: Find weaknesses (or pre-existing bugs) in your security settings and exploit them in order to access your information.

3.3 Determining live threats to websites:

Streaming: Ok, i agree, i have used them myself, but in my defence i didnt consider them illegal. I can clearly remember watching a sports event and many many pop-ups appear, asking you to click this or that to access this or that in order (criminally) to get you to sign to something that you will be totally unaware lead to something other than what is being advertised. Scammers, hackers. Call them what you want. But when you do fall for their cunningness, your computer could be infected with cookies or worse. Either annoying or sinister.

3.4 Determining live threats to servers:

There is no such thing as perfect software, and there is always room for further refinement. Good system administration requires vigilance, constant tracking of bugs, and proper system maintenance to ensure a secure computing environment.

A common occurrence among system administrators is to install an operating system without knowing what is actually being installed. This can be troublesome, as most operating systems will not only install the applications, but also setup a base configuration and turn services on. This can cause unwanted services, such as telnet, DHCP, or DNS to be running on a server or workstation without the administrator realizing it, leading to unwanted traffic to the server or even a path into the system for crackers..

[1]https://www.secureworks.com/blog/cyber-threat-basics

[2]https://www.paconsulting.com/insights/managing-people-risk-and-the-insider-threat/

[3] https://www.cioinsight.com/it-management/inside-the-c-suite/slideshows/the-11-top-threats-that-organizations-face-today

[4] https://www.bullguard.com/bullguard-security-center/pc-security/computer-threats/how-does-a-virus-work

[5] https://staysafeonline.org/blog/biggest-cybersecurity-threats-2018/

[6] https://www.regus.co.uk/work-uk/cybersecurity-threats-where-do-they-come-from-and-whats-at-risk/?psrch=1&msclkid=e090cb097c8a1d9752fa9795a609d2a9&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=GB%20%3E%20EN%20%3E%20OF%20%3E%20SM%20%3E%20DSA%20%3E%20NEW&utm_term=regus.co.uk&utm_content=Homepage

#hacking #security #codenation

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verojin-blog1 · 6 years ago

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Different Types Of Cyber Crime

Cyber attacks can take many forms: from malware injection and phishing to hacking and ransomware. Some types of attacks are more effective than others, but all present a significant - and increasingly unavoidable - business risk.

In order to counteract that risk, it helps to understand the different cyber threats you may face and the various ways criminals might try to cause harm to your business.

What is a cyber attack?

A cyber attack is a malicious attempt by a third party to damage, destroy or alter:

computer networks

computer information systems

computer or network infrastructure

personal computer devices

Criminals launch cyber attacks for many reasons: to steal money, access financial and sensitive data, weaken integrity or disrupt the operations of a company or an individual. Attacks often result in crimes such as financial fraud, information or identity theft...and more info over at - nibusinessinfo.co.uk.

Types of Cyber Attacks

Phishing Gets More Sophisticated

Phishing attacks, in which carefully targeted digital messages are transmitted to fool people into clicking on a link that can then install malware or expose sensitive data, are becoming more sophisticated.

Now that employees at most organizations are more aware of the dangers of email phishing or of clicking on suspicious-looking links, hackers are upping the ante — for example, using machine learning to much more quickly craft and distribute convincing fake messages in the hopes that recipients will unwittingly compromise their organization’s networks and systems. Such attacks enable hackers to steal user logins, credit card credentials and other types of personal financial information, as well as gain access to private databases.

Ransomware Strategies Evolve

Ransomware attacks are believed to cost victims billions of dollars every year, as hackers deploy technologies that enable them to literally kidnap an individual or organization’s databases and hold all of the information for ransom. The rise of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin is credited with helping to fuel ransomware attacks by allowing ransom demands to be paid anonymously.

As companies continue to focus on building stronger defenses to guard against ransomware breaches, some experts believe hackers will increasingly target other potentially profitable ransomware victims such as high-net-worth individuals...visit - University of San Diego to know more.

Man-in-the-middle attack

A MITM (man-in-the-middle) attack is one where the attacker intercepts and relays messages between two parties who believe they are interacting with one another. It is also known as an eavesdropping attack, and once attackers are in the conversation, they can filter, manipulate, and steal sensitive information.

One way to protect your organization from such attacks is to encrypt data. Companies should also put in place auditing and monitoring so that they are kept aware of staff activities. Learn more about how your organization can implement effective information audits.

Distributed denial-of-service attack

DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attacks bombard an organization’s central server with simultaneous data requests. Multiple compromised systems are used to generate these data requests. A DDoS attack aims to stop the server from fulfilling legitimate requests, providing a situation for criminal hackers to extort the victim for money.

The timeline of a DDoS attack can vary, with 15% of attacks lasting as long as a month. Blindly implementing solutions to protect against DDoS attacks only resolves the immediate problem and leaves vulnerabilities in the system as a whole. Using a risk assessment tool takes a strategic approach to identify areas of vulnerability for DDoS attacks...go to - it governance to know more.

Cross Site Scripting

This attack aims to insert malicious code into a website which targets a visitor’s browser. Cross Site Scripting, also knowns as XSS targets trusted web applications. The attacker uses the web app to inject the code such as a browser or client-side scripts that is viewed by other users of the same application.

This attack is performed by hackers to bypass and gain access to applications. An XSS works because some web applications use inputs from users found in the output generated without validation. The web browser of the victim doesn’t know that the script came from somewhere else. The web browser trusts the legitimate site, so it allows the third-party “malicious” script to access cookies, session tokens, and other sensitive information kept on the web browser.

SQL Injection

An SQL injection attack interferes with the queries that a web application makes to the database. An attacker inserts crafted SQL (Structured Query Language) code lines that allow data to be revealed. This data is retrieved from the database which could be information about other users. The attacker gains access because the database is unable to recognize the “incorrect statements” and filter out the illegal input values.

In some cases the SQL injection can also modify or remove data, harming the content of the databases and the application’s normal behavior. To perform an SQL injection is just a matter of submitting the malicious SQL statements into any vulnerable entry field such as a search box.

Zero-day Exploits

When new software is developed, it usually contains countless bugs and vulnerabilities. When software developers find their own vulnerability they quickly develop patches and updates. But sometimes this process is slow.

Black-hat hackers take advantage of zero-day exploits and are able to find vulnerabilities in new software much faster. They are able to target this vulnerability before users update their software...get more info over at - www.pcwdld.com.

Combating cybercrime is not a one day job or a prevention task after such a problem has occurred. Increased awareness and appropriate use of security resources are key measures to combat cybercrime. Duocircle can help you to counter cybercrime and also make sure that your website and email are safe from cyber attacks.

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skillslash · 1 year ago

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Understanding the Legal Implications and Consequences of Cyber Attacks

It is essential to be aware of these ramifications in order to effectively manage the ever-changing cybersecurity landscape and to hold those responsible for these attacks accountable.

Types of Cyber Attacks

Cyber attacks can take a variety of forms, each with distinct techniques and goals.

Here is an overview of some of the most frequent types of cyber attacks:

1. Malware :

2. Phishing

3. DDoS Attacks

4. SQL Injection

5. Zero-day Exploits

Criminal Law and Cyber Attacks

Cyber attacks can be subject to a variety of criminal sanctions, ranging from unauthorized access to a computer system to the theft and destruction of data.

Generally, the legal framework in each jurisdiction is designed to penalize these activities.

Legal Implications

Regulatory Compliance and Data Protection Laws:

Liability Issues:

Intellectual Property Theft:

Responding to Cyber Attacks

Getting your system back up and running after a cyber attack is not just about protecting it from technical damage; it’s also about making sure you’re following the law.

Conclusion

#data science certification #data science course #data science training #data science #skillslash #online course #best data science course

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