#and like also lower decks tbf

[wizard-dax]

No I have not seen Wicked. I know nothing of the Big Sports Game ™️. I haven't watched that famous reality TV show. I've instead spent all my free time watching the 2001-2005 TV show Star Trek Enterprise. I cannot explain this behavior either.

[toughtink]

some things about the wdw galactic starcruiser star wars hotel:

they really want us to think of it as a space cruise and not a hotel, and tbf it doesn’t at all meet the disney standards for other hotels. it only has 100 rooms! and they’re alll cramped quarters with no actual windows or access to real sunlight (with the exception of park time and the “climate simulator”). also, it’s lacking a lot of normal hotel amenities like a pool or gym.

the climate simulator is a small courtyard outside where you can have access to fresh air, sunlight, and plants! it has to be small because they’re “simulated” in the larp story, and it would be asking a lot for a starcruiser to have a spacious garden or deck area simulated.

the timeline of this is based in the middle of the newest star wars trilogy with interactions with rey, chewbacca, and kylo ren. old school star wars fans are very upset about this and bring it up every chance they get online because they want to have lunch with lando instead. and honestly? i’d also like to have lunch with lando, but maybe be less obnoxious about it.

the storyline also includes several original characters. their designs, much like the design of the rest of the “ship” don’t quite get the star wars look, to be honest. they feel a little sillier, a little more cartoony than what we’ve come to expect of star wars. it’s an odd kind of choice considering that the current star wars leadership has been otherwise allergic to the silly side of star wars, trying to distance its modern theme park presence from the “hyperspace hoopla” days of yore.

honestly, the character interactions feel like what they wanted to bring originally to the galaxy’s edge theme park lands in hollywood studios and disneyland, concepts that were eventually cut way back and VE’d to oblivion.

all “voyages” are 3 days. the schedule is PACKED on saturday with breakfast at 7am to the finale lasting until 11pm. friday is a partial day, arriving at 1pm, and sunday is really just breakfast. despite the uneven distribution across days, a lot of the pricing discussed online breaks the prices down to per person per day (not per night as would be expected of a hotel).

a family of 4, without discounts, would be charged a minimum of $6000 for this experience. this pricing makes it competitive with an actual real life cruise which generally has more space and more options of stuff to do, as well as access to real sunlight and potential to visit other countries.

honestly, the problems of this concept are so complex, but the obvious one is the cost. the fact that disney has decided to pull the plug rather than attempt a lower cost version of the experience is fascinating. because i like lists, here’s some more issues with it under the cut:

throwing casual fans with a lot of money into the same space with hardcore larpers feels awkward. maybe a future version could have more ~normal hotel areas~ that are lightly themed and then a specific larping playground with reservations for larp experiences as well as a general meetup larp zone?

lacking things people like to have while on vacation like time to rest, a pool area, and access to sunlight creates a harried vacation experience, as does having to switch hotels part way thru your vacay because your “voyage” was only 2 nights but you have more theme parks to hit. once again, more of a normal themed hotel with a specific separate larp area could help.

outsiders might think star wars is an easy slam dunk theme, but it’s not. it’s vast and hard to pick just one look to theme to, not to mention all of the very distinct parts of the timeline different movies/shows take place during. and you’re trying to make every generation of guest happy no matter where they jumped on the train! the best option might be for the theme to truly be outside of the timeline with specific experiences during different trilogies that can cater to different kinds of fans.

this is a personal gripe but Uh. if you want people to actually larp in your parks, let people cosplay star warsy things there and not just at your space hotel. uni lets folks dress as hogwarts students and makes bank selling them silly little uniforms and merch. disney sells adult jedi robes and then gets mad if anyone wears them. i get safety concerns, but if uni can make it work disney should be able to find a way.

and lastly, having a larger variety of price points to choose from would allow the rich super fans to spend a lot while more casual fans and just curious theme park goers could fill in the rest with a lower stakes experience.

“immersion” has become the go-to word for themed experiences in the past few years, but we gotta admit that most folks don’t actually want true, full immersion. full immersion means inaccessibility, discomfort, and letting go of embarrassment to fully participate. most folks aren’t willing to do that for free much less pay for it. but there’s also lots of room for experimentation even without trying for full immersion. universal studios has begun offering jurassic world and back to the future-themed escape rooms, and indie experiences like meowwolf, the nest, and fairgrounds st pete are popping up all around the country. it’ll be interesting to see what pops up next.

[mx-heinous]

Kabanata 2: Live-Posting

Jesus, I would not want to be in the lower deck. The description alone makes me think it would reek like hell

Dressed in complete black, you say? Basilio, you fucking emo kid

The fact that he was already famous for doing medical stuff makes me think that he'd probably be fine after El Fili

Also, Rizal, why the hell did you name TWO of your characters "Basilio" without giving either of them last names

Ah, the opium addiction

"And the student Basilio filled out his meaning by going through the pantomime of striking his fists together." The image that produces looks so fricking cute

Makaraig's one trait in the book is that he's rich

Knowing what happens to Isagani and Paulita later, all I can say is, yikes

Tbh, I thought that Don Tiburcio would have a bigger role in the book

"Don Basilio" Huh, for some reason that feels a little strange to read

I know the symbolism behind the water and beer talk, but imagining them acting it out looks lowkey goofy

Once again, those fucking blue goggles, not even glasses, they're goggles

And here we get confirmation that Irene is a plastic bitch

Goddamn, that introduction for Padre Florentino got me hooked

At least there are some decent priests in this story

Jesus Christ, his story makes me sad

“If you don’t do so, the friars will think that you don’t want to associate with them.”

Gee, who could ever guess why Florentino wouldn't want to be seen around them? 😑

Tbf, who would want to talk to Victorina?

[funnywormz]

i've only just started watching lower decks s3 so sorry if there's something to prove me wrong on this etc but........ am i the only one who's getting serious "boimler is actually an android/non-human/etc" reveal foreshadowing vibes from lower decks??? like with the borg queen in the simulation thinking that boimler is something trying to imitate a person rather than an actual person. plus the joke abt ppl on other cali class ships thinking he's a little robot. ik it's probably a coincidence (and also both of those instances were gags/silly tbf) but i LOVE reading too much into stuff and my foreshadowing alarm bells are being set off big time rn

[trippol-threat]

I am BAWLING

there is a FLOOD of tears

My sister made me watch it and I'm so SAD

And happy

But SAD

Hi I have 15 min left of ds9 and if sisko dies I will riot xoxo

(Also I'm so glad there's an ezri appreciation blog)

I waited fifteen minutes to answer this so I'm hopefully not spoiling anything but I hope you liked the ending! I've had a few issues with how the last season ends forever but the part where he says goodbye to Kasidy and leaves the baseball always gets to me!

I am 100% here for ezri, my number one character of all time always <3333 always glad when she gets more support

[tanadrin]

my considered take on Voyager is that if it had aired directly after TNG, instead of DS9, it would have been regarded extremely highly, as a bold innovation in the franchise with an interesting new cast of characters, and a great cast; it suffers by comparison to DS9, which was airing its back half while Voyager was getting going; the early seasons of a Star Trek show are always comparatively weak, and this comparison did Voyager no favors. DS9′s last couple seasons were among the best Star Trek ever made (and not just for the gritty war stories), while Voyager’s first couple were fine-but-not-great.

it’s hard to compare Voyager and TNG directly, because the different formats really do make a difference in the kinds of stories they excel at, and IMO TNG, though nominally set in the same universe, still often approaches that universe with the ad-hoc sensibility of TOS, treating consistent and thoughtful development of the setting as an afterthought. That’s not a bad thing, by the way; it’s a neutral fact about the way the show is written. The setting and continuity were underdeveloped and disposable in TOS in a way they weren’t in later Star Trek, and TNG still had that as a hangover especially in early seasons. That kind of scattershot worldbuilding can be a jumping off point for interesting stories later (Klingons, the Vulcan-Romulan connection, references to future history like World War 3), and it can also leave absurdities that linger like topological defects in the fabric of a franchise (replicators, transporters, the vaporize setting on phasers), though those nevertheless add to its unique flavor.

Voyager for its faults had a much more well-developed universe to play around in, and took it seriously, while also using the stranded-on-the-far-side-of-the-galaxy format to hearken back to TOS and TNG’s freewheeling worldbuilding. It was the last series before executive demands for a sure hit and terror of trying to break new ground caused the franchise to start devouring itself with prequels and reboots and rehashing the same characters again and again, a trap that I don’t think was escaped in any capacity until Discovery finally bit the bullet and shifted the setting forward 700 years. Enterprise had its moments (most of them involving Jeffrey Coombs, tbf); Lower Decks is fun (and funny!); and there are even things I love about Picard (most of them involving Seven of Nine). But from the end of Voyager, it was a long, long time before we were really going where no one had gone before again, and even in that respect I don’t think the latest Discovery lives up to the best of Voyager.

[yokohamabeans]

I've seen a lot of different theories for Madarame not being in Bonten, from "he died" to "he's just in lower ranks" to "Wakui forgot lol". Do you have any personal thoughts on that? (Also Kaku is 100% surviving this arc, I'd be willing to cut my hair like Mucho if he dies)

No hate to Madarame but I’m following the theory that he died!!

He’s been shown to be brash and over his head about his strength and status. Probably also kinda careless and not so mindful of his surroundings considering how he didn’t notice Benkei (who’s the size of a large truck) coming up to deck him:

Chapter 213

These aren’t helpful traits in the dangerous underworld at all. 😂 He probably rubbed someone off the wrong way and got done in, which would seem to be an easy job…

If I may go deeper into the realm of personal HCs:

I actually think that Madarame might’ve been part of Bonten. Mikey gave Madarame a high-ranking position in KMG as Commanding Officer (like Mocchi), so he likely acknowledged his attributes and usefulness in some way. (Or more like Koko did all the organisational planning and Mikey just agreed imo.) KMG is essentially pre-Bonten, so going by this, Madarame was probably also given an Executive position like Mocchi (or close to it).

Bonten was at its peak when we were first introduced to them. Perhaps during their early days, when they weren’t yet ‘untouchable’, Madarame pissed another crime syndicate off and they killed him—also as a warning against Bonten’s ambitions. They didn’t listen, of course 🙃

Tbf, ‘Madarame dying’ need not be mutually exclusive to ‘Wakui forgot’. Maybe Wakui did forget about him when he was drawing up the Bonten intro panels, and by the time he realised he was was like ‘ehhh yeah let’s just say he’s dead’ LOL. Same goes for the ‘he’s in the lower ranks’ theory.

(THAT IS A BOLD COMMITMENT TO MAKE ANON… I don’t know if I’ve got as much faith in Wakui as you 😭)

[deus-ex-mona]

fairly smol guide to getting gud at honeypre

part 3: general tips that you were really here for

smol table of contents in this “series”:

characters

live

general tips that you were really here for

heyy welcome back!

but before we get into the “git gud” stuff, i’ll just briefly go through the system settings option in the options menu.

the left option is the “image resolution” option. the options there are “regular resolution” on the left and “lower resolution” on the right.

the right option is the mv options for when your device is on “power saving mode” (if google translate doesn’t fail me).

^sound sliders for general app operations.

push notifications settings.

on the top left is the option to get notified when your ♥︎s are fully restored. the middle has the notification for panmii’s “fortune telling” thing. the right option will notify you about your daily missions. the bottom option is the option to disable push notifications entirely.

and now, we finally move on to the good stuff.

“how do i survive songs?”

so the first thing i’ll say is that honeypre is in equal parts smart and dumb in that it has barely any characters with life-replenshing skills. of all my 4☆s, only ijiwaru na deai shibaken has a life-replenishing skill.

as such, they can’t be relied on 100% of the time, especially if you don’t have any.

for the record, these are all the 3☆s with stamina skills in my collection, and of them, only midori and kazuki can be obtained from the current gacha.

so how do you deal with a lack of healers?

with lipxlip, of course!

this romeo honeylight reduces the amount of damage taken when you get bad/miss notes. it’s a fairly reliable ally. plus, it has the added benefit of boosting the stats of aizo, yujiro, sena and hiyori!

additionally, the “title screen honeylight” (pictured below) is also a damage-reducing honeylight! though it will only boost the stats of characters with the hashtags of (#未来への出発点) [e.g. the initial 4☆s of Haruki and Midori] and (#何気ない日常) [e.g. the initial 4☆ of Yuu and the 3☆s of Kazuki, Koyuki and Midori]. so i’d recommend the lipxlip honeylight over this one lol

“why should i play songs on the expert difficulty?”

for the event points! the expert difficulty nets more event points than the hard difficulty. (e.g. 1750 points from playing on expert vs 1680 points from playing on hard, with the same team used for both instances).

additionally, the last set of missions in the ハニプレ009 event/ the “bingo card” event (the event in which you have to complete missions to “unlock” panels) has a panel that requires you to play 20 songs on expert to unlock. being able to complete that set of missions will net you a copy of the event 3☆, so being able to play expert difficulty songs is kiiindaaa crucial!

“how do i start playing songs on the expert difficulty?”

i’d recommend starting with an easy song!

here are my top picks:

additional pick: hatsukoi no ehon (first half). just be careful of the sliders before the chorus.

these are pretty standard beatmaps that are just a little leg up from the hard difficulty.

for slightly more challenging (but still relatively easy) songs, there are:

actually, both halves of shiawase are pretty easy. the reason why it’s in the “slightly more advanced” category is because the pv is so cute that i always end up crying when i watch it, beatmap or not of the sliders.

the first half of senpai is actually fairly easy, once you get the hang of the game. the second half is a killer, though, don’t let that rating fool you.

the second half of yume fanfare is pretty easy too; it’s just a long beatmap.

the only things to look out for in romeo are the note spams in the chorus. that, and the honeypre problem of unregistered notes.

and of course, you can classify almost every other under-20 difficulty rating song under this category.

“almost every other under-20 difficultt rating song?”

yes. don’t let the rating fool you, the first half of terekakushi shishunki on expert is a killer. tbf it’s not even that hard of a beatmap, it’s just that the note spam in the first ~10 seconds of the song is bad enough to wipe out your stamina.

7 seconds of oof^

the second half of terekakushi shishunki is pretty easy though ngl. it’s easier than the first half fosho. it’s just... long.

“which 25 difficulty song should i try first?”

in my biased opinion, taketori overnight sensation. it’s not that hard, just spammy at certain bits (and long). at the very least, it’s easier than pride kakumei. but before you move on to 25-difficulty songs, try testing yourself with the second half of senpai and the first half of terekakushi shishunki.

“what’s the best difficulty for attempting a perfect full combo?”

in my opinion, it’s the normal difficulty. it’s not as boring as the easy difficulty, and is not as note-dense as the hard and expert difficulties! it’s the ~perfect balance~ between the four difficulties.

but of course, expert difficulty songs can definitely be perfect full combo-ed too!

“how do i get a good score?”

fun fact: you don’t need to get a full combo to get a good score! the biggest contributing factor to good scores is, surprisingly(?), the skills of the characters!

the dumbest part of honeypre skills, in my opinion, is the fact that they are all timing-based (aside from the honeytime activating skills). which means that there would only be a chance for a skill to activate at certain time intervals (in seconds, of course).

thus, your best bet for attempting to get a good score would be to beef up your characters (skills included), get an optimised deck, and play a song that would be relatively easy to score on. my recommendation is, of course, the second half of romeo on expert, but the first half of taketori overnight sensation on expert is pretty high scoring as well. on further exploration, the second half of hatsukoi no ehon on expert is surprisingly high scoring, though some of the hold notes can be quite easy to miss at times. and now, we also have the first half of watashi no tenshi on expert!

“how do i get honeydia?”

the main way to get them is to get a good deck (for a higher chance of attaining high scores), play a bunch of beatmaps and wait for your song completion ranking to go up.

also, with each song you play, your fan count increases, thus stringing you further along on the success road (サクセスロード), which nets you a bunch of cool rewards like honeydia and story tickets at certain milestones.

additionally, remember to do the missions (ミッション)! by playing 3 songs a day, you can get 5 honeydia from the daily missions. plus, when there’s an ongoing event, event missions will give you honeydia as well!

but aside from that, you could watch an advertisement (CMを見てダイヤ GET!!) at the shop (ショップ) to get free 100 honeydia. you can watch one ad a day, and it resets daily at 5am jst.

thank you for reading this miniseries!

summary:

characters: beef them up to get strong teams

live settings: customise your settings to suit your needs!

other tips: DO NOT PLAY TEREKAKUSHI SHISHUNKI ON EXPERT. also, the romeo honeylight saves lives. stan romeo.

feel free to ask any questions and i’ll update this thing accordingly!

[curiositywithoutcaution]

My dad trying to argue the Star Trek isn’t ‘silly’ like some other shows and just... were we watching different things all these years??? Tbf he’s the same with recent vs original Doctor Who, but I’ve also been watching some vintage Who with him lately and it’s definitely a long way from ‘serious’.

Also had to inform him that Lower Decks is an official series, when he was convinced it was some independent knock-off.

[lex-for-lexington]

How effective were the CVLs during WWII?

Very effective, I would say.

The American Independence-class light carriers were converted from hulls that were originally going to be built as Cleveland-class light cruisers. Because of their origins as cruisers, a type of warships known for their speed and range, the Independence-class ships with their long and slender hulls and powerful engines were fast and able to keep up with other full-sized aircraft carriers, fast battleships, cruisers and destroyers. This allowed them to sail as part of a Fast Carrier Task Force, instead of being limited to convoy escort, aircraft transport, anti-submarine warfare or landing support duties like the smaller escort carriers (CVE) were. 

Let’s take a look at the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944. Four carrier Task Groups were involved, along with a battleship Task Group and a large number of submarines and support vessels. Each carrier Task Group was of similar construction, here’s an example:

Task Group 58.1

Hornet (CV-12)

Yorktown (CV-10)

Belleau Wood (CVL-24)

Bataan (CVL-29)

Cruiser Division 10 (3CA, 1CL)

Destroyer Squadron 46 (1CL, 14DD in 3 Destroyer Divisions)

The Task Group had a total of 132 F6F-3 Hellcat fighter aircraft, of which the two light carriers contributed 50 (37.9%).

The Task Group had a total of 53 TBF/TBM-1c Avenger bomber aircraft, of which the two light carriers contributed 18 (34.0%)

All carrier aircraft considered, the two light carriers carried with them 68 aircraft, which made up roughly one quarter of the Task Group’s air strength of 266. Not a small portion by any means.

Now light carriers had their own problems, mostly because of their cruiser origins. The long, slender hulls were not exactly the most suitable for aircraft carriers, limiting their hangar and flight deck size. This led to lower aircraft counts and higher accident rates compared to full-sized carriers. The hangar, flight deck and island structure also added a lot of topside weight to the ship’s cruiser-esque hull, limiting their seafaring capabilities.

However, it must be noted that availability was the prime concern when it came to these ships. These Independence-class ships came in large numbers when the US Navy most needed them - 9 of them were commissioned in 1943, basically one in every month from January to November. At that time the US Navy was desperately in need of carriers, after heavy losses in the early years of the war - by the end of 1942, the US Navy had but only two carriers in the entire Pacific, the Saratoga and the Enterprise. The whole point of converting would-be Cleveland-class cruisers into carriers was to put to sea as many aircraft carriers as possible, and in that regard, I would say the Independence-class had achieved their purposes well.

The numbers above are from Barrett Tillman’s Clash of the Carriers. 

TL,DR;

Fast boats, many new boats when no boats, not the best but who cares anymore. Made up 25% of the carrier force. Good boats 8/10.

[weedle-testaburger]

Me again. Odd question. Are there any shows or IPs which you think should have more merch? For me, Lower Decks springs to mind. As does Inside Job. Tbf that show only came out last October. So there’s not gonna be much anyway but still.

For me the big one is definitely TOH, it's one of the most popular animated series online so it's odd that Disney has barely put out any merch for it at all (hmm, wonder why that might be?). I think it's a shame there wasn't more for She-Ra or Kipo but I think that's a bit more explicable since Netflix's merchandising is a bit less hands-on in general, aside from massive series like Stranger Things. I also wish there was a bit more Red Dwarf merch, I remember there was quite a bit in the mid-2000s but that's really dried up. Maybe someday Eaglemoss will get the rights to make figures for it or something, that'd be cool.

[fourforyouodo]

Tbf I think that the Prodigy and lower decks ones are just stylised versions of the same thing. Also in lower decks, other ships do canonically have different uniforms, like when boimler goes to the titan and starts dressing like this, like in the concurrent next Gen movies.

it is very funny how every new series feels the need to make some additional uniform tho

Uniform nonunifomity

2380

Also still used in 2380

2383

2385

2399

Almost every ship has it's own unform and badge now. Definitely, definitely not so they can bring out tons of merchandise😉

[queer-cosette]

more headcanons even though I should be sleeping

when hungry, María gets horngry at literally anything. Marinette has walked in on her watching Jaws and drooling every time the shark attacked. TBF that shark would make a very good meal for a whale, but Marinette needs María to understand that normal humans do not get horngry over whole sharks.

TUSKS!!!! I’m a sucker for Chat/Rena/Viperion/Ryuuko/even Monkey King having fangs. Since cachalots only have teeth in their lower jaws, Cachalotte has little tusks.

slightly less fun but I headcanon that she has genuine fear reactions to Bad Noises (noises that are bad for whales rather than humans). Orca noises, harpoon guns going off, and sonar equipment all trigger her fight or flight reactions. The school nurse says it’s odd that they cause her what seems to be actual PTSD. Slightly sadder headcanon that the Whale Miraculous spent several years lodged into an actual live whale’s tooth and it’s actually Klikk’s PTSD from that.

cereal with milk is now a Very Bad (or at least messy) Idea. María now impulsively tries to filter feed. It’s worse than it was with the Apple Incident because milk.

Klikk loves seafood but will also accept anything vaguely similar (goldfish crackers, gummy shrimp, those salt-n-vinegar crisps shaped like fish and chips). She is Very Much Not a picky eater.

Cachalotte’s Water Power Up includes an actual tail, as opposed to the flippers the others get. She’s living that childhood mermaid dream.

Her Ice Power Up is very similar to her normal look except it’s recoloured to look more like a Beluga whale.

Except for her Water Power Up, which is pretty much the same as normal but with a tail and more fin details, each Power Up is styled after a different whale. My favourite speculations for other powers so far are Air (flight), Fire (heatproof), Earth (digging/fighting underground enemies), Tropical (for warm/wet environments), Night (stealth mode) and Elegant (formal). Air would be a Humpback whale, Fire would be a Pilot whale, Earth would be a Bowhead whale, Tropical would be a Grey whale, Night would be a Killer whale and Elegant would be a Blue whale.

If she and Luka ever became a couple she would be SO affectionate. Constant snuggles and happy clicking.

Has DEFINITELY mermaided up and followed the Couffaine houseboat to listen to him play guitar on deck. It accidentally led to a little girl being Akumatised and trying to capture her to prove that merfolk exist. Will Not be repeating that mistake.

Leviathan Instincts

I love those posts about the Miraculous holders gaining animalistic habits out of costume (Adrien purring, Alya shrieking like a fox, Marinette eating aphids) so I’m going to make one about my OC, María Sugrue-Dupain, who holds the whale Miraculous.

her appetite goes way up. all the holders have an increased appetite but María is especially affected due to how much whales have to eat to sustain themselves.

interestingly, her appetite goes way down in the winter (when whales live off their fat reserves).

she makes clicking noises all the time. when she’s hungry. when she’s eating. when she’s excited. especially when she’s angry, and it becomes more of a creak. every time Lila opens her mouth María just stands there unconsciously making a very loud creaking noise. has the bonus side effect of drowning Lila out if her bullshit is particularly annoying.

she’s got a bit of a crush on Luka and has occasionally clicked loudly and excitedly upon seeing him. María shares the hopeless romantic trait with Marinette.

gets very excited when she sees a baby. doesn’t matter if it’s a human baby. babies are suddenly more adorable than they used to be and she would gladly adopt/die for all of them.

increased fondness for calamari

she’s accidentally tried to eat a plastic bag before. so has Klikk (her Kwami).

undisputed breath-holding-contest champion

her bone structure and organs actually becomes a little affected. she’ll take really bad hits in gym class and just walk them off. she also discovers completely by accident that she can collapse her ribcage while holding her breath. she has managed to fit through gaps that no normal-sized teenager should be able to fit through.

once during a school fair she came across an apple-bobbing game and impulsively stuck her head in and tried to hoover up as many apples as possible in one go. they were small apples and she actually managed to fit two in her mouth. the disturbing part was when she resurfaced and just let the water drain out of her mouth. people are still talking about it.

one time Lila made up a lie about knowing a famous marine biologist who is actually María’s father. María impulsively head-butted her in the ribs. María cannot explain why she chose to head-butt Lila. Lila cannot explain how María head-butted her hard enough to leave a bruise but straightened up without even a headache. Klikk won’t explain anything but finds it hilarious.