#amarna era

[bijoumikhawal]

Bithiah, the Woman of Valor

[nyktomorphia]

(I've started the worse habit of taking pictures of sketches and getting partway through explaining them and then forgetting it's still in Drafts)

The reason I was sketching fantasy camels a while back, by the way, was... okay, let me back up

In the NieR games there's a labyrinthine desert city called Façade, inhabited by the Masked People. Façade is governed under a long list of esoteric rules that outsiders find frustrating, but the Masked People are all pretty content with it, and there are indications that every rule originally had a really good reason it was created no matter how pointless it seems now.

This would just be a Neat Thing sitting in the back of my brain... if not for the fact that in Sunless Sea there's an island called Visage, inhabited by descendants from Amarna who now live by a complex system of esoteric social norms dictated by the kind of animal mask you wear.

To my knowledge there's no direct influence between them, which catches my imagination further. "Cities of masks and rules" is so distinct it feels like an otherworldly fantasy archetype, a trope that only caught on in another timeline the way elves and dwarves did in ours. (A friend pointed out it has a certain hint of orientalism - veiled courtiers whispering in desert palaces - though a rather abstract kind.) But exploring strange human cultures is part of what I like doing with Cosmodesy, and the seeds of my own version finally clicked into place.

The Mawlayani say that the city of Mazhar was founded centuries ago by their ancestors, former slaves lost in the desert on the verge of death who discovered a hidden oasis. They took this as a sign and settled there, giving their thanks to Sarab, a trickster god of secrets and illusions. Some centuries later, changes in trade turned Mazhar into a convenient stop for merchant caravans. The city has flourished to the limits of the aquifer below, and water supply has been carefully managed ever since overuse led to a nearly disastrous drought. To merchants, however, the problem is invisible, and it is counted as merely another of the Mawlayani's many eccentricities.

The statue in Sarab's temple is famously faceless, signifying the god's infinite appearances. The desert buries its blessings in the shifting sand, and the sun hides them among countless tricks of the light. For the same reason, the scarves worn to prevent sunstroke became the Mawlayani custom of concealing their faces in public at all times, which by the era of Mazhar's prosperity evolved into personalised masks. Traditional Mawlayani masks rarely resemble an actual face, with historical examples ranging from elaborate floral embroidery to minimalistic shapes framing the eyeholes. Symmetric calligraphy is a popular modern style.

I have no idea if Mazhar is in any of my existing worlds or if it's its own thing. Probably Takiwa if any of them.

[xenonmoon]

Oh ohhh I have Things to say

First ok, I don't know about lion skin but it was usually the leopard one to be worn by the priests

But this is not actually the real ancient Egypt so whatev

BIRB

on the other side there seems to be Sekhmet

but the funniest thing is

THIS

which is THIS:

A stela depicting Akhenaten, her wife Nefertiti and their childre under the light of the Aten, in the typical style of the Amarna period

That guy

THAT GUY is the guy who out of blue banned the worship of every god outside the Aten, one of the first attempt at monotheism in recorded history (he's also possibly king Tut's father)

of course everyone disliked that

it was considered an absolute blasphemy of the worst sort

(king Tut later restored the old religion but in the meantime the king lost power to the priesthood since gods worship became more of a personal matter and not something state-related and thus the king was no longer the sole intermediary with the gods. The priesthood at some point became so powerful they governed cities on their own. Aaaand this kinda snowballed into a slow decline for the whole Egypt until it was conquered. Repeatedly)

(so yeah big shit)

the fact that this highly blasphemous thing is more or less in the same place of other traditional gods is Lol

I can't help but notice the guy performing the sacrifice has a pair of bracelets very similar to the ones Moon Knight had during the Fist of Khonshu - WCA era

(yeah Marc, why were you doing these issues?)

PLOT TWIST

[kaibacorpintern]

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I tagged 936 of my posts in 2022

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#i may break down if i let you look at me. what if i don't make it home you're not there and the light's not on - kaiba to mokuba in dsod

My Top Posts in 2022:

#5

✨ finally he wins ✨

Thanks @koutone for a hilarious time

1,117 notes - Posted September 16, 2022

#4

3,900 notes - Posted July 2, 2022

#3

If you could plop Seto Kaiba into any show outside of YGO, what would it be and what’s his purpose?

See the full post

4,832 notes - Posted September 22, 2022

#2

yugioh isn't "good" i.e. its hardly a cowboy bebop or NGE or FLCL or mushishi but if anyone was like "it's bad" i'd be like be quiet. kaiba's about to summon obelisk out of the fucking ground

6,746 notes - Posted October 25, 2022

My #1 post of 2022

in the Egyptian wing of the museum and my boyfriend is like "what are all the time periods of ancient Egypt" and I'm like predynastic, early dynastic, old kingdom which is when the pyramids were built, first intermediate, middle kingdom, second intermediate, new kingdom which includes amarna period and yugioh, third intermediate, and then all the late period stuff and macedonian and roman eras. and he's like run that by me one more time

42,943 notes - Posted May 1, 2022

Get your Tumblr 2022 Year in Review →

[l3tt3rsfr0mawanderer]

Babylonian (Or, what's left...)

A sculpture depicting the culture of Babylon:

According to research I have obtained from local citizens and papers, it would appear that the Babylon I step through now is not the first attempt to form a successful empire. Before Babylon would ever stand on its own, it would be a part of the Akkadian Empire and would eventually develop into an important city in ancient Mesopotamia (The Monumental Fall of Babylon). Once Babylon transformed from a city into the First Babylonian Empire, while in the hands of Hammurabi, expanded his empire to greater heights, conquering a variety of city-states. Hammurabi effectively obtained control of the entirety of Mesopotamia, but ultimately, his predecessors failed to capitalize on his contributions to the empire (The Monumental Fall of Babylon). When The First Babylonian Empire collapsed, it fell under the control of foreign powers such as the Hittites and Assyrians, the latter with which they had competed with before.

Now, completely taken over by the Kassites, this era is synonymous with the period of Babylonian history known as “Middle Babylonian”. Unfortunately, this is also to be referred to as a time that represents decline within the kingdom. The nation as a whole was completely eclipsed by its neighbors (Livius). The decline would last for nearly a millennium, damaging any potential progress the nation could have had. This would continue to be an issue even after the Kassites are replaced as leaders, as Babylon has still failed to form a centralized government for its states. 

Despite the lack of political power that can be seen during this period, there was some development regarding culture and the arts. The Amarna Letters revealed Kassites status as a member of a royal grouping of civilizations. Being a part of this royal grouping, they were able to obtain expensive and rare materials that could be utilized to make all kinds of unique sculptures and figurines (Knott).

[thetwistedrope]

Just out of curiosity, what are Kemetics' thoughts on Amon, Amenhotep, and Amenhotep forcing monotheism on Egypt for a while and basically trying to erase the ntrw?

i'm guessing these names aren't fully right because i see amenhotep twice. but the mention of monotheism makes me think you're referencing amarna and akhenaten

tbh, amarna isn't monotheism, its a really hardcore form of monolatry, which is to say that the ntrw didn't disappear, they just all packed into one entity, for better or worse. it's a really interesting experimental phase of the religion and the only authors to make amarna remotely interesting to me were Alison Roberts and Kemp.

kemp has been/was the main overseer for the amarna dig, so he knows the amarna material probably better than anyone else, and he swears its not monotheistic in nature. Roberts talks about how the amarna phase is more monolatric than monotheistic, and really breaks down the entire era in a way i've not seen many other egyptologists do. she even breaks down the shift in art style and everything.

from a religious standpoint, i don't really have much druthers about it either way, like, i think that seti and ramses coulda fkn dialed it back a bit. i personally really dislike the reaction that the NK had to the amarna situation, but like it's all whatever to me. it's very clear that the amarna style was not sustainable, and the idea that you need to go through one (rich) dude can just die in a fire as far as i'm concerned. akhenaten had some problems he needed to work through, that much is certain.

i'm more grumpy that akhenaten did a rubbish job of actually running the country and that ppl suffered for it, but that's rich ppl for you.

but yeah, the amarna "heresy" was not monotheism. i wish popular media would change that narrative because its absolutely wrong, but you know. christianity gonna christianity ig.

[elblogdelescriba]

Las mujeres y la descendencia de Ramsés II

El harem estaba formado por las esposas principales y secundarias, los hijos y las nodrizas, así como sirvientes eran círculos cercanos al monarca y se sabe de algunos cercanos a los palacios en Menfis, Tebas, Amarna, entre otros. Estaban a cargo de la Gran Esposa Real.

Poseían tierras de cultivo, ganado, talleres y personal que trabajara en ellos, también escribas, funcionarios para la administración y servicio de las mujeres.

Ramsés II ascendió al trono en 1279 a.C., siendo uno de los faraones más longevos con un reinado de 66 años y vivió unos 90 años, con una descendencia de unos cien hijos e hijas y varias esposas. Se calcula aproximadamente de 48-50 varones y 40-53 mujeres.

Su primogénito y heredero era Amenherkhopshef quien murió en el 20° año de su reinado, le siguió Prehiwenemef, después Kharmuaset. Pero al morir Ramsés en 1212 a.e.c, fue sucedido por Merneptah.

Tuvo muchas mujeres, siendo mencionada por las fuentes ocho esposas principales, una de ellas, era Nefertari, que se casó desde muy joven con Ramsés II, y es representada junto al monarca en los templos de Abu Simbel y también tiene su tumba en el Valle de las Reinas, con la decoración más hermosa que ha llegado hasta nuestros días. Otra esposa que figura en el templo mayor de Abu Simbel, a través de la estela de matrimonio, donde relata la unión con la hija del rey hitita Hatusili III como parte de una negociación de un tratado de paz, luego del enfrentamiento de Kadesh.

Aunque también figuran como Esposas Reales sus propias hijas como lo fueron Meritamón y Nebetauy que tuvo con Nefertari, y Bintanat, hija de él y Isetnofret.  

[mariacallous]

A common interpretation of Russian foreign policy ambitions holds that Russia strives for recognition as a great power—derzhavnost, as the University of Toronto’s Seva Gunitsky explains the term:

"A word that’s difficult to render into English precisely, derzhavnost essentially means both being a great power and being recognized as such by others. In Russia’s immediate neighborhood, this means an unquestioned sphere of influence, similar to America’s Monroe Doctrine. In dealing with other powerful states like the U.S., it implies respect, prestige, and peer recognition rolled into one—in other words, a seat at the table managing global affairs."

But here’s a puzzle: Russia has been seeking derzhavnost for centuries. It makes sense that Russia’s national ego would be bruised during the chaos of the Nineties, when the United States disregarded Russia as it made policy; it similarly makes sense that Russia would feel slighted in, say, the aftermath of its defeat in the Russo-Japanese war. Yet Russian foreign policymakers also felt slighted when Moscow (or St Petersburg’s) power was in the ascendant—when by any reasonable definition Russia was a leading state, like during era after the Napoleonic Wars or even during the early Cold War.

What’s key, as the Norwegian scholar Iver Neumann wrote back in 2008, is that Russia never felt itself to be accepted as a great power. Great-power status requires more than maxing certain metrics or being on the winning sides of wars—it requires a political system that meets the norms established by the gatekeepers of international society. Today, for instance, that means living up to the generic liberal aspirations of broadly ��Western” society in human rights and democracy; two hundred years ago, it meant living up to (down to?) other Western values, like restricting women from taking part in government. More broadly, as Neumann discusses, European and Western powers have been suspicious of Russia for failing to develop liberal institutions and independent (but disciplining) societal groups that would enable Russia to create a compatible, “modern” society.

...

The drive for status and recognition is a fundamental part of international society, all the way back to the time of the Amarna tablets in ancient Egypt. One wonders whether all of this could have been avoided if, perhaps, the West could have just played more to derzhavnost—but it is also the case that, intermittently at least, the West did make overtures along these lines (remember the G-8?). Just because a drive for recognition is frustrated doesn’t mean that it could have been satisfied.

[tiny-librarian]

An image, sadly damaged, of Meketaten from her tomb at Amarna. She was the second of six daughters born to Akhenaten and Nefertiti.

Source

[respectegypttours]

Explore the Ancient Wonders: A Trip to Tel El Amarna and Beni Hassan from Cairo

If you're an avid traveler or history enthusiast, Egypt offers an endless array of fascinating destinations. Among the less-explored yet incredibly rich archaeological sites, the Trip to Tel El Amarna and Beni Hassan from Cairo stands out as an unforgettable experience. Located just a few hours away from the hustle and bustle of Cairo, these ancient sites offer a glimpse into Egypt’s fascinating history, far beyond the typical tourist attractions.

Discover Tel El Amarna: The City of Akhenaten

The journey begins with a visit to Tel El Amarna, the capital established by Pharaoh Akhenaten in the 14th century BC. Often referred to as the "city of the sun," it was created as a spiritual center dedicated to the worship of the sun god Aten. The ruins here are remarkably well-preserved, providing an authentic view of life during Akhenaten’s reign. Visitors can walk through the remnants of temples, palaces, and even the royal tombs, each telling a story of an era long past.

Akhenaten’s radical shift in religious beliefs—shifting Egypt's traditional polytheistic system to monotheism, centered around the sun god—makes Tel El Amarna an essential stop for anyone interested in the cultural and religious transformations of ancient Egypt.

Beni Hassan: Ancient Rock Tombs and Intricate Wall Art

From Tel El Amarna, the tour continues to Beni Hassan, a collection of tombs carved into the limestone cliffs along the Nile. These tombs, dating back to the Middle Kingdom, are some of the most beautifully decorated tombs in Egypt. Beni Hassan offers a rare insight into the lives of Egypt's elite, with their intricate wall art depicting scenes of daily life, warfare, and hunting.

Unlike other tombs in Egypt, the paintings here remain vibrant, offering a rare and vivid portrayal of ancient Egyptian society. The craftsmanship of the tombs at Beni Hassan reflects the high status of the individuals buried there, as well as the artistic achievements of the Middle Kingdom.

Why You Should Take This Tour from Cairo

1. Unique Historical Sites While most travelers focus on the major sites in Cairo like the Pyramids of Giza and the Egyptian Museum, a visit to Tel El Amarna and Beni Hassan from Cairo offers something truly unique. The relatively low foot traffic at these sites ensures a more intimate and peaceful experience.

2. Immersive Experience The combination of visiting a royal city and exploring ancient tombs gives you a well-rounded experience of Egypt’s history. You’ll get a deeper understanding of both the religious and societal shifts that occurred over the centuries.

3. Accessible from Cairo Located just a short drive away, this day trip offers a chance to escape the crowded streets of Cairo and explore some of Egypt’s most captivating historical treasures without venturing too far from the city.

Plan Your Trip Today!

If you’re ready to immerse yourself in the wonders of ancient Egypt, consider booking a Trip to Tel El Amarna and Beni Hassan from Cairo. This day tour promises to be a highlight of your Egyptian adventure, offering a rare and intimate look at some of Egypt's most historic and lesser-known sites.

Whether you’re a history buff, an archaeology enthusiast, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty of ancient culture, this tour is a must-do!

Book your trip now with Egypt Tours and embark on a journey through time to explore Egypt’s hidden gems.

[carlosvalterfraenkelcabral]

POR UNO DEUS EM OBRIGATÓRIO ÁO Aquenáton ÁO Egyto ,Em Estado de Oração ,E O Faraó Para Com A Soma Rasa E O " O Vigiai & Orai " ,Em Estado de Oração .

Aquenáton

Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.

Aquenáton (Akhenaton: "Aquele que louva Aton", "Util a Aton" ou "Usado por Aton")[2] conhecido antes do quinto ano de reinado como Amenófis IV ou em egípcio antigo Amenotepe IV, foi um Faraó da XVIII dinastia do Egito que reinou por dezessete anos e morreu em 1336 ou 1 334 a.C.[3] Principalmente lembrado por abandonar o tradicional polite��smo religioso egípcio e introduzir uma adoração centrada em um único deus, Aton, que é as vezes descrita como monoteísta ou henoteísta.[4] Inscrições antigas ligam Aton ao El Elyon, com a linguagem oficial posterior evitando chamá-lo de um deus, dando a essa deidade um status superior e acima dos meros deuses. Porém essa monolatria foi adotada na nobreza e na realeza, e não a toda população. O monoteísmo nunca existiu no Egito durante o período faraônico

Aquenáton tentou distanciar-se do panteão egípcio, porém no final isso não foi aceito. A religião tradicional foi gradualmente restaurada após sua morte. Alguns anos depois, os posteriores faraós da XVIII dinastia, que não tinham direitos claros a sucessão, descreditaram Aquenáton e seus sucessores imediatos, referindo-se a ele como "o faraó inimigo" em registros históricos.

Ele se perdeu da história até que Amarna, local de sua cidade Aquetaton, foi descoberta no século XIX. Escavações iniciais por Flinders Petrie em Amarna iniciaram um interesse no faraó, cuja tumba foi desenterrada em 1907 em escavação de Edward R. Ayrton. O interesse em Aquenáton aumentou depois da descoberta da tumba do faraó Tutancâmon no Vale dos Reis, que provou-se ser filho de Aquenáton em um teste de DNA realizado em 2010. Acredita-se que uma múmia encontrada em KV55 em 1907 seja dele. Entretanto, se tem certeza de que essa múmia e Tutancâmon são relacionados.

O interesse moderno em Aquenáton e sua rainha Nefertiti vem parcialmente de sua conexão como pai de Tutancâmon, o estilo único e de alta qualidade das artes que patrocinava e do interesse na religião que ele tentou fundar.

Etimologia

Akhenaton possui diferentes possíveis significados, tais eles eram: "Aquele que louva Aton", "Aquele que é util a Aton" ou "Aquele que é usado por Aton".[2]

Origens familiares

Amenófis era filho de Amenófis III, o nono rei da XVIII dinastia e da rainha Tí. Cresceu no palácio de Malcata, localizado a sul da cidade de Tebas. Durante o reinado do seu pai o Egito viveu uma era de paz, prosperidade e esplendor artístico. Não se sabe muito sobre a sua infância, dado que não era hábito entre os antigos Egípcios documentar a vida das crianças da família real. Teve provavelmente como preceptor Amenófis e ao que parece enquanto jovem era fisicamente débil, não lhe agradando as atividades relacionadas com a caça e o manejo de armas.

Amenófis não estava destinado a ser rei do Antigo Egito. Este lugar seria ocupado pelo seu irmão mais velho, o príncipe Tutemés, que era filho de Amenófis III com Giluchipa, uma esposa secundária filha do rei de Mitani. Porém, Tutemés morreu antes do ano 30 do reinado do pai (possivelmente no ano 26) e Amenófis ascendeu à categoria de "Filho Maior do Rei", ou seja, herdeiro do trono.

As análises de DNA das múmias egípcias por Zahi Hawass confirmam Aquenáton como filho de Amenófis III e pai de Tutancâmon, resgatando seu importante papel na história do Antigo Egito.[5]

Amenófis tinha sido criado para ser sacerdote do templo de Heliópolis, cidade do Baixo Egito que era o centro do culto do deus solar Rá. Quando o seu irmão faleceu é possível que também tenha herdado o cargo de sumo sacerdote de Ptá, deus associado aos artistas.[6]

O reinado em Tebas

Aquenáton e Nefertiti

[ausetkmt]

thatblckgrl:

The Ankh was, for the ancient Egyptians, the symbol (the actual Hieroglyphic sign) of life but it is an enduring icon that remains with us even today as a Christian cross. It is one of the most potent symbols represented in Egyptian art, often forming a part of decorative motifs.

The ankh seems at least to be an evolved form of, or associated with the Egyptian glyph for magical protection, sa. However, what the sign itself represents is often disputed. For example, Sir Alan Gardiner thought that it showed a sandal strap with the loop at the top forming the strap, but if so, the symbolism is obscure and so his theory has found little real favor early on. However, this interpretation seems to have received some acceptance among modern writers. It would seem that the ancient Egyptians called that part of the sandal ‘nkh (exact pronunciation unknown). Because this word was composed of the same consonants as the word “life”, the sign to represent that particular part of the sandal, was also used to write the word “life”.

Another theory holds that the ankh was symbolic of the sunrise, with the loop representing the Sun rising above the horizon, which is represented by the crossbar. The vertical section below the crossbar would then be the path of the sun.

Wolfhart Westendorf felt it was associated with the tyet emblem, or the “knot of Isis”. He thought both were ties for ceremonial girdles. Winfried Barta connected the ankh with the royal cartouche in which the king’s name was written, while others have even identified it as a penis sheath. The presence of a design resembling a pubic triangle on one ankh of the New kingdom seems to allow for the idea that the sign may be a specifically sexual symbol. In fact, guides in Egypt today like to tell tourists that the circle at the top represents the female sexual organ, while the stump at the bottom the male organ and the crossed line, the children of the union. However, while this interpretation may have a long tradition, there is no scholarly research that would suggest such an exact meaning.

  The ankh, on some temple walls in Upper Egypt, could also symbolize water in rituals of purification. Here, the king would stand between two gods, one of whom was usually Thoth, as they poured over him a stream of libations represented by ankhs.

The ancient gods of Egypt are often depicted as carrying ankh signs. We find Anqet, Ptah, Satet, Sobek, Tefnut, Osiris, Ra, Isis, Hathor, Anibus and many other gods often holding the ankh sign, along with a scepter, and in various tomb and temple reliefs, placing it in front of the king’s face to symbolize the breath of eternal life. During the Amarna period, the ankh sign was depicted being offered to Akhenaten and Nefertiti by the hands at the end of the rays descending from the sun disk, Aten. Therefore, the ankh sign is not only a symbol of worldly life, but of life in the netherworld. Therefore, we also find the dead being referred to as ankhu, and a term for a sarcophagus was neb-ankh, meaning possessor of life.

It is at least interesting that the ankh word was used for mirrors from at least the Middle Kingdom onward, and that indeed, many mirrors were shaped in the form of an ankh sign. Life and death mirror each other, and in any number of ancient religions, mirrors were used for  purposes of divination.

In fact, the ankh sign in ancient Egypt seems to have transcended illiteracy, being comprehensible to even those who could not read. Hence, we even find it as a craftsman’s mark on pottery vessels.

As the Christian era eclipsed Egypt’s pharaonic pagan religion, the sign was adapted by the Coptic church as their unique form of a cross, known as the crux ansata.

[lightdancer1]

Nefertiti, the last Pharaoh to be covered, has the greatest relative success yet:

In many ways of the women who ruled as well as reigned in Ancient Egypt Nerfertiti had some of the greatest success, due to both the great power of the Amarna-era Pharaonic system and its iconoclastic approach to the other elements that stifled the power in various points of her predecessors....and due to her husband openly admitting that she was three fingers of his left hand and all of his right. Unfortunately the price she and Akhenaten paid for iconoclasm was that they became archetypal heretics and arguably the ur-examples of the first true clash of state and religion, and reminders that in the short term the state always wins, but the short term neglected that the priests, as writers of histories, had the power over the long term.

[scienza-magia]

Gli Shardana, il temibile popolo guerriero

Durante l’età del bronzo, circa 1600 anni prima di Cristo, una moltitudine di popoli imperversò nelle acque del mar mediterraneo, e tra questi i più feroci e temuti furono gli Shardana. Ma chi erano questi antichi navigatori del mare? E qual è la loro origine? Oriente o Occidente? Gli Shardana (o Sherdana) hanno una provenienza incerta: c’è chi ipotizza che provenissero dalla Siria o dall’Anatolia (l’antica Turchia) e c’è chi invece pensa che corrispondano agli antichi sardi dell’età nuragica, o che si sovrapponessero ad essi, dando il nome all’isola, ma forse non lo sapremo mai con certezza. Sicuramente facevano parte di quei gruppi di navigatori che solcavano il Mediterraneo in lungo e in largo, in cerca di insediamenti in cui creare nuove colonie o di comunità con cui intrattenere rapporti commerciali o con cui scontrarsi per poterli depredare. Raggiunsero infatti la loro massima espansione durante l’età del Bronzo Recente (tra il 1300 ed il 900 a.C.), quando la loro influenza si allargò non solo all’Asia minore e alla Sardegna, ma anche alla Corsica e alle isole Baleari, e a vaste zone costiere dell’Africa settentrionale, della Spagna, dell’Italia centrale, della Sicilia e della Puglia. Tutti i territori occupati diventavano poi basi da cui intraprendere nuove spedizioni di conquista. Era una popolazione che basava la propria economia sull’agricoltura e sull’allevamento, ma il loro punto di forza fu la navigazione e la lavorazione del bronzo: sono infatti famosi i loro “bronzetti nuragici” raffiguranti guerrieri e navi. Mamma mia arrivano gli Shardana I primi a citarli furono gli antichi egizi, nelle tavolette di Amarna, datate 1350 a.C. circa, in cui erano definiti pirati, e chiamati col nome Sherdana. Infatti l’Egitto subì varie ondate di attacchi e incursioni, culminate negli scontri avvenuti durante il regno del faraone Ramses II, intorno al 1278 a.C. nelle zone del delta del Nilo. Il maggior terrore agli occhi degli egiziani era costituito dalle grosse navi da guerra a disposizione degli Shardana, che avevano massicci mezzi capaci di solcare le acque marine, mentre le imbarcazioni egizie erano di tipo fluviale, adatte cioè alle acque basse e tranquille del Nilo, non certo alle onde alte del Mediterraneo. Questo era un motivo per cui riuscivano a vincere facilmente le battaglie navali. Inoltre erano militari finemente addestrati, pronti a scendere in campo armati di tutto punto: grossi elmi cornuti, grandi scudi rotondi e lunghe spade, forti della loro tecnica di lavorazione del rame e di altre leghe metalliche, che dava maggiore potenza alla loro natura di razziatori. Ma in una di queste incursioni però, Ramses II fu capace di non farsi cogliere impreparato, riuscì a sconfiggerli, e addirittura a catturarne qualche centinaio, e avendone colto la loro audacia e forza in battaglia, decise di arruolarli nella guardia reale. I guerrieri Shardana divennero quindi anche dei mercenari, e per molto tempo non solo rimasero le guardie personali dei faraoni, ma furono impiegati anche in guerra. Tra quelle a cui parteciparono, è interessante ricordare la battaglia di Qadesh, una delle più importanti dell’era antica, combattuta tra gli egiziani e l’impero ittita sulle sponde del fiume Oronte in Siria, nel 1274 a.C., in cui il contingente di 520 Shardana si distinse per essere l’unica fanteria pesante presente nell’esercito. È giusto sottolineare che le fonti egiziane parlano di vittoria egiziana, mentre le fonti ittite parlano di vittoria ittita, quindi in realtà chi ebbe la meglio non si sa (probabilmente nessuna delle due parti), tanto che fu siglato un trattato di pace tra le due nazioni, il primo a noi conosciuto, per porre fine alla serie di guerre che da lungo tempo si protraevano tra i due popoli. Ma poi, che fine hanno fatto? Fonti storiche rivelano che probabilmente un grosso tsunami o comunque diverse inondazioni travolsero gran parte della Sardegna, distruggendo così il loro territorio e i loro villaggi, che li costrinse ad abbandonare l’isola e i suoi insediamenti. Le comunità che si erano insediate in altri luoghi, o come mercenari in Egitto, si pensa che col tempo si mescolarono con le società con cui erano entrati in contatto, integrandosi nella loro cultura e perdendo pian piano la propria identità di popolo. Ma tante domande restano ancora senza risposte, su questa gloriosa stirpe che ha solcato il Mediterraneo, e di cui, forse, non sapremo mai la vera origine. Nel frattempo, il dibattito resta aperto. Read the full article

[afcnamrcn23]

Excellent pictures taken at the Neues Museum of Berlin by a young man on YouTube called The King's Monologue. It's a Livestream called The Neues Museum of Berlin BLEW MY MIND (Pts 1 and 2). He makes very scrupulous observations that many brush over or block out. At the bottom of this compilation is his trip to the Louvre Museum in Paris reveal some shocking rarities.

color variation in males from User, Elephantine, dynasty 18.

Whole scene

https://www.archaeology.wiki/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/elephantine-tomb.jpg

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Early dynastic period

Early era

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Roman era

. woman just as dark reddish brown as the man

A lady from Antigua informed him that the style is called sisterlocks in modern times. These hairstyles were worn in West and Central Africa as well. See Diop's statement in the link about traditional hair of women in Senegal before the 1930s, both natural and wig (only seen in non Islamic areas after that time)...

1

https://www.tumblr.com/shwat2013/680165437249585152/whether-wig-or-not-i-think-people-sometimes?source=share. .

2

Wolof girl Senegal 1800s

a

https://64.media.tumblr.com/a236b85b80a40ea0690388ff73d5decc/c0bc9aed5175f391-df/s640x960/2ec47a43c894be96d47a61bc4ca79f771a80e1c4.jpg .

b

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Senegal-thioup-bazin.jpg#mw-jump-to-license

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Just like ancient Egypt, the same wig form is traditionally worn in Nambia, Congo, Angola (of old), East Africa etc. Also worn naturally

link

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. Sahure 5th dynastic period

Early period

Early period

Have to point out that these are actual faces of Akhenaten and Nefertari because it's taken from a cast mold. THIS MEANS YOU'RE LOOKING AT THEM. See museum link below picture for more on this technique of sculptor Thutmose. As we see the museum label once informed us that it's one of the plaster molds, but now just says portrait heads. The following picture is not from the YouTuber

The following description is from the Egyptian Museum in Berlin, about one plaster cast mask (Inv.-No. ÄM 21356), but it really speaks on the technique of all portraits like it of the era. Most are from the ancient artist Thutmose of the Achet-Aton (today called Amarna), in Middle Egypt, which was the capital of Egypt during the reign of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. It reads… This portrait study gives a unique view of the work technique of the artist; first a form was taken directly from the subject"s face and a gypsum copy was made from the mould. The copy was then finished by the sculptor in various details, especially the eyes since these had to be closed when the mask was taken from the face. In these rare instances we are directly confronted with 'real' people even if we do not know their names or anything else about them.

Scroll to Mask from Amarna Portrait of a Man.

http://www.egyptian-museum-berlin.com/c52.php

To see more actual faces from cast molds (rare), scroll down to "A few more every day Egyptians of the Amarna period", near bottom of the compilation in this link

https://www.tumblr.com/shwat2013/677380292714037248/amenhotep-iii-at-the-new-york-metropolitan-museum?source=share

picture with old museum label

https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fi.redd.it%2F3q2tykijo0da1.jpg.

In mythology, Memnon was a king of Aethiopia (Sudan in this case) and son of Tithonus and Eos. As a warrior he was considered to be almost Achilles' equal in skill. During the Trojan War,  Here, he is compared to Akhenaten

Princess

link

18th dynasty man from Louvre

link

.Akhenaton on the left and a Nubian at the Flinders Petrie Museum of archeology, London, England on the right

This is a more of a stylized "artist conception on the left". We can see on the actual face from the sculptor studio on the right, he really didn't have a straight pointed nose...but rather more rounded, wide and flat. Strangely, I can see the faint character of the real person in the stylized conventional portraits

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. Tiye

.Tiye or a relative

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. hieroglyph for face

. Amenenehat III

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More from the YouTuber. This time at the Louvre Museum (2 parts)

Part 1

Ink

Part 2

link

Clean, clear and unadulterated images from the video "MOST BEAUTIFUL NON-ROYAL TOMBS! WESTERN THEBES (LUXOR) EGYPT", as she walks through... These are wonderful and unbias. There's no way you can see these and not at least ask yourself... are these the people of the Aswan Elephantine area who lean more "black" in appearance

Video link

Be sure to stop at the bottom where it says "More from @afcnamrcn23". Don't be distracted by the pictures and links under that. They will occur again so that you can continue with the main post in sequence.

[nowoolallowed]

Two Princesses - Met Museum Collection

Inventory Number: 1985.328.6 New Kingdom, Amarna Period, ca. 1353–1336 B.C. Dynasty 18, Reign of Akhenaton. Location Information: Middle Egypt, Hermopolis (Ashmunein; Khemenu), Pylon of Ramesses II, Foundations, Deutsche Hermopolis Expedition 1939; Probably originally from Amarna (Akhetaten)

Description:

The demonstration of affection in this detail showing two of Akhenaten's daughters is typical of the intimacy allowed in representations of the royal family during the Amarna period. Although affectionate gestures are not entirely unknown in royal art of other eras, the casual pose and the fully frontal depiction of the older sister's torso are unparalleled among royal figures and are extremely rare in any type of representation during other periods of Egyptian art.