#allometry

[fuckyeahfluiddynamics]

Universal Wingbeats

Eagles, butterflies, and whales don't appear to have much in common, but a new study shows that they -- along with over 400 other flying and swimming animals of all sizes -- flap with a frequency determined by a simple equation. (Image credit: top - E. Ward, graph - J. Jensen et al.; research credit: J. Jensen et al.; via Physics World) Read the full article

[reblogs-the-art]

Speaking of not just multiplying all the numbers by 10. Don't make the neck opening twice as big. Too many plus size patterns are on the verge of falling off my shoulders. This is more of an issue with sewn clothing than with knitted, but still.

Listen I am not going to name anyone specifically, but pattern makers need to talk to one (1) fat person before they can post their patterns online.

I am so sick of finding a cute pattern, getting all the supplies, checking my gage, and starting to knit, only to find that my sleeves are a foot longer than a normal human because the pattern maker just multiplied all their numbers by 10 when they sized it up. I can't believe I have to say this but, just because my ass is fat does not mean my arms go down to my knees???

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

The Science Research Diaries of S. Sunkavally. Page 185.

[ledzeppelinmixtape]

did u know if u dont procrastinate ummmm u get ur work done and then u have time for blogging and also u wont want to die from anxiety. revolutionary concept

[singlethread]

So y’all didn’t all talk about albatrosses as a prime example of positive allometry

[shuuumaaaaa-main]

Blog update (03-2023): Genshin writeups

I finished the web pages to archive my writeups! Which should work well for the browser versions of Tumblr. Idk how to make it not scuffed through the mobile app.

Genshin Studies — Genshin Writeups (tumblr.com)

The list of contents has webpage redirects to three categories:

Geography and adjacent topics

Allometry and large objects (allometry is the study of the size of growth and proportions of body parts of living things)

Various topics

My desire to establish my writeup archive on Tumblr was prompted mainly by Reddit deciding to auto-block any direct links to Google Sites (which is what I originally used as my writeup archives). Also, Tumblr being a blog site lends itself more easily to sharing and crossposting stuff, so now this is going to be my most updated repository for genshin-related stuff.

Thank you for reading.

[thetriphibianmonster]

Godzilla Design Runway: Monsterverse/Reiwa

Finishing up the runway with the designs from both ongoing "eras". I was partly inspired to do this sub-series by the Monster Suit Database on Kaijubattle.net, as well as the Godzilla Designs by Year from Becominggodzilla.com. Photos Sourced from Wikizilla.

Papa Bear (2014) A more holistic attempt at a "realistic" Godzilla than ToraGoji ever was. GareGoji's thick, column like legs and robust, mountainous build successfully sell the concept of an amphibious animal weighing tens of thousands of tonnes, while his crocodilian scales position Godzilla as a natural creature rather than the product of man's arrogance. His angular, weathered appearance also deftly conveys the vast age of this battered old soldier. I do have some issues: the dorsal plates feel a bit to narrow and conical, and the head and neck feel disproportionately small atop the broad chest and shoulders. I think some of the concept models had more appealing proportions in this case.

Tail of a Gorilla Whale (2016) We see very little of ShinGoji's first form so there's not much to dissect. I initially thought this was the same form as Kamata-Kun since there aren't any obvious differences. There are some pretty fun speculative takes on the pre-caudal anatomy though.

Lost Puppy (2016) I think a lot of feelings about Shin Godzilla depend on the ability to stomach Kamata-Kun. This comically awkward, ungainly beast is an outside context problem for both the characters and the audience, but the damage it wreaks as it stumbles forward is very real. Its uncanny, embryonic features also convey it's unnatural origins and ongoing evolution.

Skipped Arm Day (2016) The middle child of ShinGoji's forms, Shinagawa-Kun loses much of ugly cuteness of Kamata-Kun, while still being too awkward to function as a proper Godzilla design. It's important to the narrative, but I find it less interesting than both its predecessor and its successor.

Blistered Kaiju Theater (2016) ShinGoji's most familiar form still manages to be deeply unsettling. Classical features are grotesquely exaggerated: an emaciated upper torso sits atop powerful legs, behind which snakes a lengthy tail with a ragged tip. Keloid scars are joined by open sores across an unnaturally rubbery texture. Countless teeth haphazardly flank a Glasgow grimace, over which the beady eyes betray little emotion. Rather than a natural creature, Kamakura-san sells the idea of an unstable mutating organism roughly forming the image of Godzilla.

Bones Malone and the Spooky Bois (2016) Anno's final kick in the teeth. I love the how the unnerving imagery evokes both an opening seed pod and a disturbed cluster of Harvestmen. The individual humanoids channel Xenomorphs, though I agree with the consensus that it represents Godzilla trying to evolve the communal cooperation that defeated it. I personally enjoy the more literal variant of this interpretation, where these nightmarish figures attempt to overcome humanity through legalistic court battles and bureaucracy.

Filius of Godzilla (2017) The first official anime Godzilla is disappointingly derivative of the more daring 2014 Hollywood design. The head and neck are at least better proportioned, and the treelike traits are interesting in concept, but the anime never elaborates on why a plant would solve into a dinosaur shape. AniGoji's model is also frustratingly unemotive, which worked for ShinGoji, but feels out of place in a naturalistic, yet actively hostile incarnation.

Racist Grandpa (2017-2018) Unfortunately the only design change between the 50m and 300m AniGojis was a scruffy beard of spikes. You'd think there would be more ontogeny and/or allometry involved with such a vast difference in scale. It's not strictly design but I also have to laugh at the ludicrously low mass figure: Godzilla Earth is half the weight of the original Godzilla based Plant Beast, despite being 2.5 times as tall.

Kemono Friends (2017-2018) I wish the Planet of Monsters had more variety. The multiple sets of eyes seem to homage the Ohmu and other insects of the Toxic Jungle, but their otherwise generically dragonish form doesn't hold a candle to Nausicaa's creature design. Their environment is likewise pretty homogenous compared to Miyazaki's forest of fungi; the pedestrian art design reflecting the muddled environmentalist message.

The Lego Piece on Your Floor (2017) A skeletal form brimming with spikes, this Mechagodzilla takes full advantage of CGI to achieve a radical design infeasible in traditional suits. Its abstract face conveys function over form, while it's complex, shifting structure implies its malleable nanometal construction. Unfortunately we don't get to see it in action.

BLAME! at Home (2018) I already knew of Mechagodzilla City long beforehand, so the wasn't much disappointment while watching the film. There certainly isn't much Mechagodzilla in this City though. I do think the "becoming beasts through technology" theme could have been strengthened by having the city start to morph into a giant Godzilla-like form as a last ditch effort to defeat its organic counterpart.

Anime.wav (2018) The worm-type Servum are a bit more interesting than their flying counterparts. I like their lamprey like builds and root manipulation, though the latter appendages seem weirdly disconnected from the main body, and primarily facilitate one of the more embarrassing anime tropes. I also wish these guys got their own name, to better diversify the bestiary.

Pinhead (2019-2024) As KiryuGoji was to MireGoji, DougheGoji is to GareGoji, complete with shrunken head. Since Gary's noggin was already fairly small, this is a bit of an issue for Doughy's proportions. I have mixed feelings about the other changes in design. The more traditional dorsal plates are a great improvement, but the blunted tail tip doesn't convey scale as well, while the spread toes feel like a surrender to the Feet Wars.

Anchor Arms (2021) I wish the largest mobile version of Mechagodzilla wasn't so top heavy. The oversized arms and broad upper torso feel way out of proportion with the stubby neck and skeletal lower body. The changes to Monster Mechagodzilla feel less innovative than they do derivative of other media: its red, spherical eyes and endoskeletal frame draw more from the T800 than they do any of the prior iterations. What references to the original there are end up drowned out: the hint of Space Beam is overwhelmed by the Proton Scream it envelops, while the classic X patterns are lost amongst the busy mechanical design.

The Second to Last Dinosaur (2023) The way that MaiGoji's first form drips with spines and teeth really sells the nightmarish feeling of his attack. His distinct build sells his growth after mutation, though I think his more theropodal head is a tad large for his scale. I almost wish Minus One aimed for a higher classification: its feels dissonant that the ground crew members aren't bitten in half when jaws that large clamp down on them.

Cheek Chub Plus One (2023) The most traditional modern Godzilla design, MaiGoji combines the fearsome countenance and mountainous build of BioGoji with the menacing dorsal plates of MireGoji, breathing life into the old classics with its impressive level of detail. Its thorny hide evokes the naturalistic scales of GareGoji, warped and scarred like the Original: this Godzilla was once a being of nature, but has been irreversibly marred by the depredations of humanity.

Godzilla Rosé (2024) Dispensing with all naturalism, Monsterverse Godzilla evolves into a poorly proportioned mess. Some have read the deeper chest and smaller waist as trans coded, but I liken it more to the difference between a Strongman and a Body Builder; as with his mechanical counterpart, Wingard's Godzilla abandons the sturdy build that grounded the character so well. The prominent rows of spines break up his facial features too much, and the downturned dorsal plates feel like they're wilting. The larger head would be an improvement, were it not for the broader shoulders.

[salvisalvatorevicidomini]

A new interpretation of #shape and #size is possible?? According to this view YES >> #Megalodon is #hostage to an anthropomorphic interpretation hyper #iconic - #metaphorical of the #fossil remains (strong #allometry & #heterochrony)?? .. https://www.researchgate.net/post/Megalodon_is_hostage_to_an_anthropomorphic_interpretation_hyper_iconic-metaphorical_of_the_fossil_remains_strong_allometry_heterochrony

[botanyone]

Reproduction for one American grass is an open and shut case

Reproduction for one American grass is an open and shut case https://ift.tt/r4cNPZi New insights into the reproductive habits of a perennial grass, Danthonia compressa, may offer clues to understanding plant survival under changing environments. Gregory Cheplick’s research, published in AoB PLANTS, deciphers the dual reproductive strategy of this grass species, demonstrating how it adapts to fluctuating environmental conditions. Danthonia compressa employs two types of reproduction: chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL). Chasmogamous reproduction involves open flowers allowing cross-pollination, while cleistogamous involves self-fertilising closed flowers. Interestingly, these different flower types contribute to the plant’s survival in diverse conditions. The difference between the flowers starts with the panicles. A panicle is a flower cluster or inflorescence found in many plant species. It is characterised by a main stem (the rachis) with branches that further subdivide into smaller branches, each of which ends in a flower. Chasmogamous flowers grow on terminal panicles at the top of the plant. In contrast, cleistogamous flowers develop on axillary panicles, off the side of the plant, and also at the grass base as a “cleistogene. Cheplick’s research showed that chasmogamous and cleistogamous reproductive habits displayed differing rates of seed set and fecundity across different habitats and over time. He discovered that chasmogamous reproduction was generally more variable, potentially impacted more by environmental changes, whereas cleistogamous reproduction was more stable. The axillary cleistogamous spikelets, including the basal cleistogene, provided additional fecundity, particularly in sunny environments and larger plants, highlighting the ecological significance of cleistogamy to plant fitness. The study suggests that the heavy cleistogene could be critical for population persistence, acting analogously to the axillary bud bank of other perennial grasses. Essentially, a bud bank is a population of dormant buds that allows a plant to regrow after disturbances, such as grazing or fire. The research also notes that larger tillers (the individual plants in a grass clump) produced heavier cleistogenes, suggesting that environmental conditions promoting plant growth can affect the reproductive strategy and success of Danthonia compressa. This indicates an intricate link between environment, plant size, and reproductive tactics. Cheplick concludes:  Analysis of the patterns of CH and CL reproduction in the native perennial grass D. compressa showed spatial and temporal variation in the two reproductive modes over a 5-year period. Relative to CH reproduction, fecundity, seed mass and biomass allocation were less variable for CL reproduction from year to year. Axillary CL seeds and especially the large basal cleistogene were much heavier than CH seeds made on terminal panicles. Also, both axillary CL seed production and cleistogene mass increased with increasing tiller mass and matured later in the season than CH seeds. The undispersed CL seeds are likely to be important to seedling establishment within the maternal habitat and could function to maintain populations, especially along woodland edges where this species mostly occurs. Cheplick 2023 READ THE ARTICLE Cheplick, G.P. (2023) “Spatiotemporal variation of chasmogamy and cleistogamy in a native perennial grass: fecundity, reproductive allocation and allometry,” AoB PLANTS, 15(3), p. lad020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plad020. The post Reproduction for one American grass is an open and shut case appeared first on Botany One. via Botany One https://botany.one/ July 07, 2023 at 09:00AM

[evoldir]

Fwd: Course: Barcelona.GeometricsMorphometrics.Jul3-7

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Course: Barcelona.GeometricsMorphometrics.Jul3-7 > Date: 14 April 2023 at 08:17:41 BST > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > Dear colleagues, > > Transmitting Science Onsite courses are back! > > Transmitting Science is organizing an ONSITE course on Introduction to > Geometric Morphometrics. > > Dates: July 3rd-7th, 2023. > > Place: Museum of the Institut Catal� de Paleontologia M. C. (Sabadell, > Barcelona, Spain). > > Instructor: Dr. Chris Klingenberg (Manchester University, UK). > > Program: > Size and shape > Landmarks & data collection > Procrustes superimposition > Visualising shape changes > Principal component analysis > Distinguishing groups > Symmetry and asymmetry > Morphometrics in a messy world > Regression and allometry > Partial least squares: covariation between > Phylogeny & comparative methods > Short-presentations > > Software that will be used during the course: MorphoJ, TPS, ImageJ. > > More information: > https://ift.tt/MuoLT5A > or writing to courses@transmittingscience.com > > Best wishes > > Sole > > > Soledad De Esteban-Trivigno, PhD > Director > Transmitting Science > https://ift.tt/ySur1eQ > > Twitter @SoleDeEsteban > Orcid: https://ift.tt/gTGawj8 > > Under the provisions of current regulations on the protection of > personal data, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 (GDPR), we > inform you that personal data and email address, collected from the data > subject will be used by TRANSMITTING SCIENCE SL to manage communications > through email and properly manage the professional relationship with > you. The data are obtained based on a contractual relationship or the > legitimate interest of the Responsible, likewise the data will be kept > as long as there is a mutual interest for it. The data will not be > communicated to third parties, except for legal obligations. We inform > you that you can request detailed information on the processing as well > as exercise your rights of access, rectification, portability and > deletion of your data and those of limitation and opposition to its > treatment by contacting Calle Gardenia, 2 Urb. Can Claramunt de Piera > CP: 08784 (Barcelona) or sending an email to > info@transmittingscience.com or > https://ift.tt/sOUKBLG. If you consider that > the processing does not comply with current legislation, you can > complain with the supervisory authority at www. aepd.es . > Confidentiality. - The content of this communication, as well as that of > all the attached documentation, is confidential and is addressed to the > addressee. If you are not the recipient, we request that you indicate > this to us and do not communicate its contents to third parties, > proceeding to its destruction. > > > Soledad De Esteban-Trivigno

[ikpress1]

COMPARISON OF VARIED FOREST INVENTORY METHODS AND OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS IN MALAWI’S MIOMBO WOODLANDS |  Journal of Global Ecology and Environment

The methodologies and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for assessing above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon in Malawi's important REDD+ Miombo Forest Reserves were evaluated in this study. The following methodologies and SOPs were investigated using the Analysis of Variance statistical technique: I allometry, (ii) sample plot arrangement, and (iii) dendrometric measures. The allometric equations parameter substantially (P0.001) influenced AGB estimates and was the most significant contributor (97.95%) to the overall variance. Malawi has the highest AGB estimate (113.081.56 t/ha) according to its particular allometry. The Pan-Tropical/generalized allometric models, on the other hand, significantly underestimated AGB by 16.7% to 67.9%. Furthermore, the data show that different sample plot sizes had a substantial (P0.001) impact on AGB estimations. The plot size parameter, on the other hand, only accounted for 1.65% of the overall variance. In comparison to the 17.84m radius plot (66.121.61), the 20m radius plot has the greatest AGB (75.310.77). This means that the 17.84m radius plot size underestimated the AGB by 12.2 percent. However, despite the former yielding higher estimates of AGB (74.650.93 t/ha) than the latter (72.530.98 t/ha), results on dendrometric measurements revealed no significant (P>0.05) differences in AGB estimates between the use of diameter tape (D-tape) and calliper in measuring dbh of individual trees. This shows that using a calliper to measure dbh only overestimated AGB t/ha by 2.8 percent compared to using D-tape. As a result, the study suggests using local allometry and using a circular sample approach. Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JOGEE/article/view/7675

[a-botany-nerd]

https://a-botany-nerd.blogspot.com/2021/05/heterochronyallometry.html

從Gould的這個圖(clock model)開始, 我在大四第一篇專討就碰了Heterochrony和Allometry這兩個坑.

十分好奇Gould是什麼樣個性的人. 每次為兩個詞在不同研究裡的意涵傷腦筋時, 就會覺得"我承認你是天才, 但把事情搞亂也要算你一筆吧!!"

[oaresearchpaper]

Otolith Morphology of Cichlidae Species in Lake Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

The morphology of otoliths is used as an indicator of various ecological processes or properties. So the present study was aimed to provide baseline data on the morphology of otoliths in six species of Cichlidae. A total of 179 individuals belonging to six species of the Cichlidae fished in Lake Buyo in June 2021 by artisanal fisheries. The sagitta of these species studied present common morphological characteristics. Indeed, they are elliptical in shape and robust with a concave internal face and a convex external face. However, there are a few differences that help distinguish each species. In the relationships between the total length of the fish and the length of the otolith, the values of the allometry coefficient “a” are between 0 and 1 (0 ˂ a ˂ 1) for all the species considered; they reflect a lowering allometry between the length of the fish and the length of the otolith. The values of the coefficient of determination are very high in Sarotherodon melanotheron (r2 = 0.8961), Oreochromis niloticus (r2 = 0.8469) and Coptodon zillii (r2 = 0.8403). These values reflect a strong correlation between the total length of the fish and the length of the otolith of each species. Our study, in the Ivorian or West African context, has the advantage of providing, on the one hand, morphological data on the otoliths of freshwater fish and, on the other hand, means of estimating the size of fish at from those of the otoliths.

Introduction

Fish provides an accessible source of nutritious food and protein for a large portion of the world's population. In Africa, among all ingested protein sources, fish and seafood occupy fourth place, after cereals, legumes and milk (FAO, 2016). However, in developing countries, the late 1990s marked the beginning of the decline in overall catches in continental waters (FAO, 2002). It is currently accepted that fishery resources are not inexhaustible (Jamet and Lagoin, 1981). Thus, supplying populations constitutes a real challenge for governments, especially at a time when consumers are increasingly interested in the quality of their food, given the increasing pollution of aquatic environments. In such a context, it appears important to sustainably manage fish stocks and this necessarily requires better knowledge of the biology and ecology of fish.

The study of fish biology can concern certain organs such as otoliths which provide important information on the species concerned (Panfili et al., 1990). Otolith morphology is used to indicate various ecological processes or properties (Campana and Casselman, 1993). Like other biological structures, otolith morphology exhibits interspecific variability. Indeed, otoliths have a distinctive shape, often characteristic of the fish species to which they belong (Veen et al., 2005). This is why hydrobiologists, as well as taxonomists and archaeologists, often rely on the shape and size of preserved or undigested otoliths to determine which species and sizes of fish were eaten by predators (Olsson and North, 1997). The relationships between the otolith and the fish have been studied by several authors (Echeveria, 1987; Campana et al., 1993; Aydin et al., 2004 and Veen et al., 2005). Also, some researchers have succeeded in measuring the duration of the reproductive cycle of fish (Seret and Opic, 2011) and calculating their age (Panfili et al., 1990) using the otolith.

In Ivory Coast, most of the studies carried out in ichthyology have made it possible to understand the biodiversity of fish (Kamelan, 2014), their food ecology (Kouamélan, 1999), their reproduction (Koné, 2000) as well as their reproduction areas (N'Dri, 2020). However, the field of otolithology remains little explored. So far, the work carried out only concerns fish otoliths from the West African coasts (Veen and Hoedemakers (2005), and few data exist on freshwater fish. In these continental waters, the Cichlidae family is part of the most represented families. It constitutes, for example, 35% of the catches of fishermen from Lake Buyo; with more than eight species (N'Dri et al., 2020; Goli, 2021). Thus, given the combined effect of overexploitation and climate change which threatens the breeding areas of cichlids, which could lead to the disappearance of certain species (Yao et al., 2023), it appears necessary to describe their otoliths in order to archive them. The general objective of this study is therefore to determine the morphological and morphometric data of the otoliths of six species of Cichlids captured in Lake Buyo. This will firstly involve describing the morphology of the otoliths of the species collected and secondly studying the relationships between the size of the fish and that of its otolith. 

Source : Otolith Morphology of Cichlidae Species in Lake Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire | InformativeBD

[notesontheory]

Allometry

Allometry = the finding that as organisms, cities, and companies grow, many of their characteristics scale nonlinearly.

Allometric scaling is any change that deviates from isometry

the study of the relationship of body size to shape,[1]anatomy, physiology and finally behaviour,[2] first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892,[3] by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form[4] and by Julian Huxley in 1932.[5]